low cost techniques

7/22/2019 Low Cost Techniques

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LOW COSTTECHNIQUESBY-

SONIKA AGARWALPRIYANK JAUHARISWATI VERMAGAURAV AGARWAL


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When a dwelling unit whose total cost is deemed to be affordable to a group of people within a

specified range of income are termed as low cost dwellings or affordable dwellings.

For such construction we need low cost or affordable materials. These can be broadlycategorized under locally available materials as they reduce material cost without compromise inquality and strength.

Then techniques play its role in compiling these materials in order to achieve its product.

Building can be divided in broadly two parts- substructure and super structure.

Techniques for achieving low cost structures include attention at somelevels-

At Planning level itself

In material selection and its implementation

In type of construction and techniques

At execution level at last

FOUNDATION

SUPER STRUCTURE


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While planning a low cost unit one must look forward for surrounding atmospheric conditions.Planning based in favor of microclimate and natural conditions results in human thermal comfort.It cut shorts other use of artificial means of comfort.It should be climate responsive architecture to achieve low cost conditions.Building orientation, room planning, opening planning etc.all these must be taken in consideration.


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All these foundationsare designed as per soilconditions..


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But when soil has high bearing capacity thenfor G+1 brick foundation can be preferredrather then always going for RCC foundations.

Brick or stone foundation at shallow depth cansave cost of steel, cement, sand and aggregatebut not compromise strength.

Arch foundation It reduces the construction cost up to 40%.Advantage of this is in soft soils that the depth

of foundation can be greatly reduced:disadvantage is that the end piers have to be

specially strengthened by buttresses so as toavoid the thrust to arch action tending torapture the piers junction.


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It is recommended to adopt 1 ft. height aboveground level for the plinth and may beconstructed with a cement mortar of 1:6.

The plinth slab of 4 to 6 which is normallyadopted can be avoided and in its place brickon edge can be used for reducing the cost.

By adopting this procedure the cost of plinthfoundation can be reduced by about 35 to 50%


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Brick Jali Can Be Used Instead OfParapet Wall Or Boundary Walls.. LetsWatch Out For Some Examples


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Ferro cement channel / shell unit

Jack arch roof / floor


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For a simple house with G+1 storeys we can avoid framed structure concept of building houses,wherever possible .

We can use load bearing wall concept using bricks/ fly ash bricks.

RAT TRAP bond technique instead of conventional English bond technique. RAT TRAP wall is same asconventional wall in terms of strength and stability but also provides better protection againstmoisture ingress in to buildings ,they also offer thermal comfort and better protection against noisepollution .This type of Bond results in around 30 % savings in cost of bricks using conventional EnglishBond technique. If bricks and the mortar joints are laid properly we can avoid external plastering

also as this type of bond gives better elevation.


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This Technology Has About 25%Overall-saving On Cost Of A Building OfTraditional 9 Construction .

With Conventional English Bond (9 ThkWall) 350 Bricks Are Required Per Cu. MWhere As In Rat Trap Bond Only 280Bricks Are Required.


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Outer wall can be cavity wall to provide insulation from

exterior heat penetration wherever possible.It prevents building from-Heat penetrationDampness entrySound penetration


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Ashlar Stone Masonry.Rubble Stone Masonry

This Technique Is Suitable In AreasWhere Stones And Aggregates For TheBlocks Are Available Locally At CheaperRates.


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In Plane Area, Where Mud Is Easily Available , The

Mud Blocks Are Used As Well As Sun Dried Brick.

Materials For Sun Dried

Mud (Type Of Mud) Lime Cement (Less Amount)Fly ash / Stone Durt

Bricks made by mixing lime and fly ash aretherefore, chemically bonded bricks.

The bricks are manufactured with the help ofhydraulic press and are dried in the autoclave.

These bricks have various advantages over theclay bricks, It possesses adequate crushing strength,uniform shape, smooth finish and does not requireplastering and also are lighter in weight thanordinary clay bricks.


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Making of pole working as columns

Making of skeleton of building


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Straw filler working as wall

Plaster it with cement sand mixture


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MAJOR BAMBOO GROWING

REGIONS / STATESAREA( % )

North East 28.0 66Madhya Pradesh 20.3Maharashtra 9.9Orissa 8.7

Andhra Pradesh 7.4Karnataka 5.5 3Other States 20.2 5(Kerala, UP,Jharkhand,West Bengal)

India is home to almost 45 % of world's bambooforests.

Characteristics affecting usefulness of

bamboo as construction material- Their strength Straightness Lightness with hardness Low shrinkage


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Bamboo Natures Gift [A material for cost effective and

disaster resistant housing]

As a Raw MaterialProperties:1. High tensile strength2. Very good weight to

strength ratio3. Pressure tolerance upto

3656 kg/cm 24. Easy to handle with

simple tools5. Renewable raw material

Building Material1. Environment

friendly2. Energy efficient3. Cost effective

Weaknesses1. Has short durability compared to wood2. High moisture and starch content3. Prone to fungi and beetle attach4. Service life of untreated bamboo 4-6

years in exposed conditions

Treatment & PreservationPreservation (Traditional methods):Curing; Smoking; Soaking; SeasoningChemical Treatment:Boric acid; Borax; Boron; (Dip diffusion ormodified Boucherie processes)

MechanicalProcess forCutting, slicing,knot removingand slivering

Mat weavingfrom Slivers

Hot Processingand Binding Composite BuildingMaterials

Bamboo roofing Bamboo Lumber

Bamboo based shutters Bamboo flooring

Bamboo House

Bamboo Raw Material to Finished Product


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Salient Features of theStructures-

Bamboo posts Bamboo gridferrocement walls Bamboo trusses andpurlins Bamboo MatCorrugated SheetRoofing


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Prefabrication can also serve as low cost

technique in mass construction.

Floor slab

Facade panel


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Prefab brick arch panel

Hollow planks

low cost techniques

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