low cost mushroom cultivation for · pdf file3rd asemm conference – windhoek, namibia...
TRANSCRIPT
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3rd ASEMM Conference – Windhoek, Namibia – June 24-28, 2012
Low Cost Mushroom
Cultivation for Namibia
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Diversified Agriculture Scheme
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Diversified Agriculture
Mushroom House
Fish Cages
Primary Crop
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Mushrooms Earn a LOT of Money for Farmers
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But are CHEAP to Grow !
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1) Choose Species
for your Climate and Substrate
2) Generate Spawn
3) Prepare Substrate - Sterilize or Pasteurize
4) Inoculate Substrate
5) Harvest and Market
Steps Involved in Mushroom Cultivation
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Choosing Correct Strains
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More than 100 different mushrooms in cultivation
1. Must grow in your Climate
2. Must grow on available substrate
Must resist local contamination
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Choose Acclimatized Strains when Possible
Choose Strains for your Substrate
• Purchase
• Tissue Culture
• Spore Print
Choosing Strains
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Strain Capture by Tissue Culture
• Choose Local Strains growing on …your available substrate
• Sterile Transfer Tissue …Segments onto Agar Agar Substitutes:
Banana – Potato – Maize - Cassava
• Isolate Pure Culture
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Banana Makes Good Agar Substitute
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Another Agar Substitute
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Spore Printing Wild Collected Specimens
or
Purchased Mushrooms
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Substitute Bottles and Jars
Low Cost Labware
for
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Petri Dish Glass Jar with paper filter
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Glass Jar with Polyethylene – Rubber Band Closure
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Whiskey Bottles and Cotton for Grain Spawn
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Hardwood Plug Spawn
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Log Culture with Hardwood Plugs
No Sterilization
Multi-Year Crop
Very Easy
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Substrate - Sawdust and Timber Waste
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Substrate – Sugar Cane Fiber
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Coffee Waste
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Straw
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Cassava Peelings
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In Short, nearly any agricultural byproduct
can be used as a growing substrate
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To Grow Mushrooms - Substrate needs to be Sterilized or Pasteurized.
Radical pH Change: Lime or Ashes
Oxidizer: Bleach or Hydrogen Peroxide
Temperature: Pressure or Atmospheric Steam
Reduce Simple Sugars: Composting or Fermentation
Radical Change in Osmotic Pressure: Soap
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Simple Steam Chamber Sterilizing
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Another Simple Steam Chamber
Sterilizing
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Other Ways to Pasteurize / Sterilize Substrate
Bleach
Hydrated Lime
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Washing Powder
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Mushroom Quality
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160 . Shredded
Regular
Comparison of Different Substrate Treatment Methods
Steam Lime Bleach Soap
% BE
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Wood Ashes
Other Ways to Pasteurize / Sterilize Substrate
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Ash, Lime and Steam Mushroom Growing Trial
200 Liter drums –filled with ~150 liters water Drums were brought to pH 11 using 1.25 kg Hydrated Lime 4.24 kg Sifted Wood Ash After mixing - 35 kilos straw added to ea drum Straw Soaked in Drums for ~16 hours – 73% Moisture
Straw put into 1.8 kgs Plastic Bags
Each Bag Inoculated with 120 g Oyster Mushroom Spawn
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AVG YEILD FOR DIFFERNT METHODS
282
301
309
STEAM LIME ASH
GR
AM
S PE
R B
AG
3 flushes – 1.8 kg bags (490 grams dry weight)
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Water and Sterilant Lime, Ashes, Soap, etc.
Hydrates and Pasteurizes
All in One Step
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This method has Several Important Advantages:
1) It requires very little water. Only
the water which is bound to the substrate has to be added.
2) No waste water is produced
during the operation.
3) Energy is needed only for the pumping of water. This can even
be produced by a photovoltaic device.
4) Additives can be easily and economically added to the
cycling water.
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Paddy Straw Mushrooms
Simple to grow, fast, high volume production
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Paddy Straw: growing pile
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Paddy Straw: Open Pile
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Paddy Straw: Fruiting
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Growing Requires Good Temperature and Humidity Control
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Grow Houses
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Grow House: Local Material
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Inside Grow House
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Inside the Grow House: The Beds
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Inside the Grow House: The Beds – After Harvest
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The Result of good mushroom cultivation
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The Result:
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The Result:
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The Result
Increased Income for the Farmer
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Resources
www.alohamedicinals.com
www.alohaecowas.com
INTERNET
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Resources
Books
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Aloha Medicinals Scholarships
30 days in Carson City, Nevada
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Thank You for your Kind Attention