louth county development plan

L OU TH COUN T Y D e v e l o pm e n t P l a n 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 5

1

Chapter One

Introduction1.1 Introduction 17

1.1.1 Plan Coverage 17

1.1.2 Plan Title 17

1.1.3 Legal Status 18

1.2 Review of the Louth County Development Plan 2003 – 2009 19

1.3 Vision for County Louth 19

1.4 Strategic Objectives 20

1.5 Content and Format 211.5.1 Format of the Plan 21

1.5.2 Formal Notification of intention to prepare a Draft Plan 21

1.5.3 Pre Draft Public Consultation 21

1.5.4 Stakeholders and Prescribed bodies 22

1.5.5 Manager’s Report 22

1.5.6 Strategic Environmental Assessment 22

1.5.7 Additions to and Deletion from the Record of Protected Structures 22

1.5.8 Local Area Plans 22

1.6 Development Plan Context 231.6.1 European Plans and Programmes 23

1.6.2 National and Regional Level 24

1.6.3 Local level 26

1.7 Social Inclusion 281.7.1 Planning for Social Inclusion 28

1.7.2 Age Friendly Society 28

1.8 County Profile 29

1.9 Population trends for the Future Development of County Louth 301.9.1 Age Profile 34

1.9.2 Population Growth 35

Chapter Three

Chapter Two

Conservation and Heritage2.1 Introduction 39

2.2 Wider Benefits of Maintaining a Quality Natural and Built Heritage 39

2.3 Natural Heritage and Biodiversity 402.3.1 Heritage 40

2.3.2 Louth Heritage Plan 2007 – 2011 41

2.4 Landscape Character Assessment 42

2.5 Biodiversity 442.5.1 EU Policy on Biodiversity 44

2.6 The Natural Environment 442.6.1 Local Amenities 44

2.6.2 Proposed Natural Heritage Areas (pNHA) 45

2.6.3 Sites of Geological Interest 46

2.6.4 European Sites 49

2.6.5 Trees and Woodlands 51

2.7 The Built Environment 582.7.1 Archaeology 58

2.7.2 Protected Structures 60

2.7.3 Architectural Conservation Areas 62

2.7.4 Heritage Parks and Designed Landscapes 63

2.7.5 Vernacular Architectural Heritage 65

Rural Development and Natural Resources3.1 Introduction 67

3.2 National and Regional Policy 673.2.1 National Spatial Strategy 67

3.2.2 Regional Planning Guidelines for the Border Region 67

3.2.3 Rural Development Programme 2007-2013 68

3.2.4 CLÁR Programme (Ceantair Laga Árd – Riachtanais) 68

3.2.5 Rural Environmental Protection Scheme (REPS) 70

3.3 Rural Development Strategy 713.3.1 Rural Enterprise 72

3.4 Agriculture 733.4.1 Agricultural Buildings 75

3.5 Rural Tourism and Coastal Areas 763.5.1 Coastal Areas 76

3.5.2 National Coastal Protection Strategy Study 77

3.5.3 Proposed Coastal Protection Measures 77

3.5.4 Development on the Foreshore 78

3.6 Forestry 78

3.7 Energy 79

3.8 Extractive Industry and Building Materials Production 803.8.1 Development Management Criteria 80

3.9 Residential Development in Rural Areas 82

3.10 Development Zones 823.10.1 Development Zone 1 83

3.10.2 Development Zone 2 83




3.10.6 Summary of Strategy Objectives for each 87

Settlement Strategy4.1 Introduction 89

4.2 Population Distribution 90

4.3 Settlement Hierarchy 904.3.1 Level 1: Dundalk 92

4.3.2 Level 1: Drogheda 93

4.3.3 Level 2: Ardee 94

4.3.4 Level 2: Dunleer 95

4.3.5 Level 3: Category I Settlements 96

4.3.6 Level 4: Category II (a) Settlements 96

4.3.7 Level 5: Category II (b) Settlements 97

4.4 County Based Local Area Needs 974.4.1 Development Management Assessment Criteria for Category II(a)

and (b) Settlements 99

Chapter Four

LOU TH COUN T Y D e v e l o pm e n t P l a n 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 5

4.5 Rural Housing 994.5.1 National Spatial Strategy 2002 (NSS) 100

4.5.2 Sustainable Rural Housing Guidelines 2005 101

4.6 One Off Rural Housing Policy 1014.6.1 Local Needs 101

4.6.2 Qualifying Criteria 102

4.6.3 Local Area 103

4.6.4 Development Management Assessment Criteria for One-Off

Rural Housing 104

4.6.5 Clustered Housing Developments 104

4.6.6 Replacement Houses 105

4.6.7 Refurbishment of Existing Dwellings and Vernacular Buildings

in Rural Areas 106

4.6.8 Accommodation for Dependant Relatives 107

4.6.9 Site Size 108

4.6.10 Ribbon Development 109

4.6.11 Infill Development 109

4.6.12 Extensions to Dwellings 110

4.6.13 Access 110

4.6.14 Garages 111

4.6.15 Roadside Boundaries 112

4.6.16 Wastewater 112

4.7 Rural Housing Design and Siting Criteria 1134.7.1 Site Sensitive Design 113

4.7.2 Build into the Landscape 113

4.7.3 Build, Shape and Plant to Create Further Shelter 117

4.7.4 Presence in the Landscape –Scale and Form 117

4.7.5 Proportions 119

4.7.6 Materials 119

4.7.7 Boundaries 120

4.7.8 Details 122

Residential and Community Facilities5.1 Introduction 125

5.2 Louth Housing Strategy 1265.2.1 Residential Mix 127

Chapter Five

5.3 Social Housing 1285.3.1 Housing Programme 128

5.3.2 Affordable Housing Scheme 128

5.3.3 Rental Accommodation Scheme 128

5.3.4 Social Housing Investment Programme 2009 129

5.3.5 Voluntary Housing and Cooperative Sector 129

5.3.6 Traveller Accommodation 130

5.4 Residential Development 130

5.5 Master Plans 1325.5.1 Checklist for the Preparation of Master Plans 132

5.6 Homezone Principles 133

5.7 Energy Performance of Dwellings 135

5.8 Housing Layout Guidelines 1365.8.1 Housing Layout 136

5.8.2 Security and Defensible Space 136

5.8.3 Flexibility 136

5.8.4 Access for all 136

5.8.5 Lifetime Housing 136

5.8.6 Building Lines 136

5.8.7 Bus Routes and Stops 137

5.8.8 Pedestrian and Cycle Infrastructure 138

5.8.9 School Transport 138

5.9 Residential Standards 1395.9.1 Density 139

5.9.2 Private Amenity Space 140

5.9.3 Public Open Space 141

5.9.4 Car Parking Provision 143

5.9.5 Privacy and Spacing between buildings 143

5.9.6 Internal Space Requirements 144

5.9.7 Waste Storage 148

5.9.8 Building Heights 149

5.9.9 Naming of Estates 150

5.9.10 Public Art 150

5.9.11 Management 150

5.9.12 Taking in Charge of Housing Estates 150

5.10 Community Facilities 151

5.11 Schools and Education 152

5.12 Childcare Facilities 153


5.13 Nursing Homes 155

5.14 Primary Health Facilities 155

5.15 Community Buildings and Sports Facilities 156

5.16 Disabled Persons 156

5.17 The Library Service 157

5.18 Emergency Services 158

Recreation and Amenity6.1 Introduction 159

6.2 Louth Local Authorities Sports and Recreation Strategy and Louth Play Policy 159

6.3 Environment and Amenities 1616.3.1 Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty 161

6.3.2 Areas of High Scenic Quality 162

6.4 The Coastline 164

6.5 Scenic Routes 165

6.6 Views and Prospects of Special Amenity Value 166

6.7 Walks and Cycle Paths 1676.7.1 Walks 167

6.7.2 Cycling 169

6.8 Amenity Schemes 169

Chapter Six

Chapter Seven

Economic Development, Employment and Tourism7.1 Introduction 171

7.1.1 County Louth Economic Development Strategy 172

7.1.2 Employment Opportunities in smaller Towns and Villages 174

7.1.3 Development at Motorway Interchanges 175

7.1.4 Cross Border Economic Co-Operation 176

7.1.5 Adoption of a Partnership Approach 176

7.1.6 Employment Trends and Opportunities 177

7.1.7 Employment Sectors 177

7.2 Development Management Standards for Industrial and Commercial Developments 1787.2.1 Landscaping and Amenity 179

7.2.2 Surface Water Drainage 179

7.2.3 Sustainable Design 179

7.2.4 Car Parking, Loading and Unloading Provision 179

7.2.5 Design 180

7.2.6 Site coverage and Plot Ratios 180

7.2.7 Open Storage 180

7.2.8 Roads and Footpaths 180

7.2.9 Nuisance 180

7.2.10 Trade Effluent Discharges 180

7.2.11 Public Water Supplies 180

7.2.12 Fire Prevention 180

7.2.13 Building Regulations 180

7.2.14 Signage 181

7.2.15 Public Artwork 181

7.3 Commerce and Retail 1817.3.1 Introduction 181

7.3.2 Louth Retail Strategy 2009 181

7.3.3 Town and Village Centres 184

7.3.4 Town and large Centre Environments 185

7.3.5 Architectural Conservation Areas and Protected Structures 185

7.3.6 Living over the Shop 186

7.3.7 Shopfronts 186

7.3.8 Security Shutters 187

7.3.9 Canopies and Blinds 187

7.3.10 Signage 188

7.3.11 Site Coverage 188

7.3.12 Height 188

7.3.13 Overshadowing and Overlooking 189

7.3.14 Car Parking Provision 189

7.4 Tourism 1897.4.1 Introduction 189

7.4.2 Tourist Attractions 190


7.5 Regional Tourism Policy 1907.5.1 Tourism Plan 2008 – 2012 191

7.5.2 Co-Operation with other Bodies 191

7.5.3 Cross Border Geologically Themed Project 192

7.5.4 Narrow Water Bridge 192

7.5.5 Oriel 2012 193

7.5.6 Boyne Valley 193

7.5.7 Monasterboice 194

7.6 Tourist Accommodation 1947.6.1 Hotel, Guest House and Bed and Breakfast 194

7.6.2 Holiday Homes and Self-Catering Accommodation 195

7.6.3 Caravan Parks 196

7.6.4 Budget Hostels 196

7.7 Tourism Related Signage 197

Transport and Communications8.1 Introduction 199

8.1.1 Louth County Development Plan 2003 – 2009 200

8.2 National Transportation Policy 2008.2.1 Transport 21 200

8.2.2 A Sustainable Transport Future – A New Transport Policy

for Ireland 2009-2020 200

8.2.3 National Roads Authority – Policy Statement on

Development Management and Access to National Roads 2006 201

8.3 Road Infrastructure 2028.3.1 Motorways 202

8.3.2 Motorway Services 203

8.3.3 National Routes 203

8.3.4 Regional and Local Roads 203

8.4 Protected National and Regional Routes 204

8.5 Entrances 207

8.6 Vehicle Parking Standards 208

8.7 Roads Improvement Programme 2008 -2015 209

Chapter Eight

8.8 Gateway and Hub Links 211

8.9 Transport Audit and Mapping 211

8.10 Public Transport 212

8.11 Rail Transport 2138.11.1 Drogheda Navan Rail Link 213

8.11.2 Rail Based Park and Ride Facilities 213

8.12 Bus Transport 2148.12.1 Bus Based Park and Ride Facilities 215

8.13 Rural Transport Programme 216

8.14 Ports 216

8.15 Airports 217

8.16 Cycling and Walking 217

8.17 Communications 2188.17.1 Telecommunications 218

8.17.2 Broadband 219

8.17.3 Open Access Ducting 220

8.17.4 Land Based Telephony 220

8.17.5 Mobile Telephony 220

8.17.6 Development Management Assessment Criteria for

Telecommunication Structures 221

8.17.7 Obsolete Telecommunication Structures 222

8.17.8 Domestic Satellite Dishes 222

Energy9.1 Introduction 223

9.2 EU and National Policy 224

9.3 Sustainable Energy Ireland (SEI) 224

9.4 Electricity Transmission Power Lines 225

9.5 Natural Gas Supply Network 226

Chapter Nine

LOU TH COUN T Y D e v e l o pm e n t P l a n 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 5

9.6 Renewable Energy 2269.6.1 Wind Energy 227

9.6.2 Solar Energy 229

9.6.3 Bioenergy 229

9.6.4 Wave Energy 230

9.6.5 Tidal and Ocean Energy 230

9.6.6 Sustainable Energy Efficiency Considerations in Buildings 230

9.7 Guidelines for Sustainable Design and Energy Efficiency in Buildings 232

Environment10.1 Introduction 235

10.2 European, National and Regional Policy 235

10.3 Environmental noise 23610.3.1 Noise Action Plan 2008 236

10.4 Water Quality 23710.4.1 The Water Framework Directive 2000 237

10.4.2 River Basin District Management Plans 238

10.4.3 River Basin Management Planning Guidance for Public Authorities 238

10.5 Natural Water Systems and Groundwater 239

10.6 Nitrate Vulnerable Zones 240

10.7 On Site Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems 24010.7.1 Design and Installation of On Site Wastewater Treatment

and Disposal Systems 241

10.8 North East Region Waste Management Plan for the 2005 – 2010 242

10.9 Seveso Sites 242

10.10 Derelict Sites 243

10.11 Veterinary Services 243

Chapter Ten

Water Services11.1 Introduction 245

11.2 Context 245

11.3 Water Supply 24811.3.1 Capital Investment Programme: Water 248

11.3.2 Water Supply: Current Status 250

11.4 Wastewater 25411.4.1 Capital Investment Programme 254

11.4.2 Wastewater Schemes: Current Status 256

11.4.3 Private Wastewater Treatment Systems 257

11.5 Water Conservation 259

11.6 Surface Water Drainage and Flooding 26011.6.1 Surface Water Drainage 260

11.6.2 Flooding 261

11.6.3 Sequential Approach to Flood Risk 261

Chapter Eleven

Chapter Twelve

Implementation and Monitoring12.1 Introduction 265

12.2 Local Area Plans 265

12.3 Public Funding 26612.3.1 Section 48 Contributions Scheme 266

12.4 Water Quality 26612.4.1 Private Sector 266

12.4.2 Public Private Partnerships 266

12.5 Bonds 267

12.6 Phasing 267

12.7 Enforcement 267

12.8 Monitoring and Review 267


Appendices

Appendix 1 List of all bodies notified of the review of the County Development Plan 269

Appendix 2 Principles of an Age Friendly Society 277

Appendix 3 Candidate Sites of Geographical Interest 283

Appendix 4 Areas of Special Archaeological Interest 287

Appendix 5 Architectural Conservation Areas 299

Appendix 6 Category II (a) Settlements 325

Appendix 7 Category II (b) Settlements 337

Appendix 8 Procedures for Taking in Charge of Recently Completed Housing Estates 359

Appendix 9 Scenic Routes and Views and Prospects 373

Appendix 10 Tree Protection 377

Appendix 11 Development Zones (Map 3.2) (see foldout)

Introduction

1.1 Local Area Plans 23

1.2 Population of County Louth 1986 to 2006 31

1.3 Population Changes (excluding Drogheda Borough and Dundalk Town) 2002 to 2006 31

1.4 County and Settlement Growth Projections Applying Regional Growth Figures and

excluding NSS Settlement Targets 35

1.5 Settlement Growth Applying Regional Growth Figures and Including NSS Settlement

Targets 35

1.6 Projected Population for the Border Region 2011 – 2026 36

1.7 Projected Population for County Louth 2011 – 2026 36

1.8 Target Population Allocation 37

Conservation and Heritage

2.1 Landscape Area Classification 42

2.2 Proposed Natural Heritage Areas 46

2.3 Candidate Sites of Geological Interest 47

2.4 Special Areas of Conservation 49

2.5 Special Protection Areas 51

2.6 Champion Trees 52

2.7 Trees Protected by Tree Preservation Orders 52

List of Tables

2.8 Trees and Woodlands of Special Amenity Value 56

2.9 Areas of Special Archaeological Interest 59

2.10 Heritage Gardens and Designed landscapes 64

Rural Development and Natural Resources3.1 Farm Sizes in County Louth 73

3.2 Programmes of Priority Work for Coastal Areas 77

3.3 Strategic Objectives for Development Zones 1 to 5 87

Settlement Strategy4.1 Population Distribution in County Louth 90

4.2 Settlement Hierarchy 91

4.3 Permitted Densities within Category II(a) Settlements 96

4.4 Permitted One Off Houses 2001 to 2008 99

4.5 House Size and Site Area Ratio 108

Residential and Community Facilities

5.1 Part V Social and Affordable Housing 127

5.2 Voluntary Housing Output 129

5.3 Assessment Criteria Urban Design Guidance 131

5.4 Residential Densities for Towns and Villages with less than 5000 Population 139

5.5 Private Amenity Space Standards 140

5.6 Qualitative Standards for Public Open Space 142

5.7 Residential Car Parking Standards 143

5.8 Space Provision and Room Sizes for Typical Dwellings 145

5.9 Minimum Floor Areas and Standards for Apartments 147

5.10 Minimum Aggregate floor areas for Living / Dining / Kitchen Rooms and Minimum

Width for the main Living / Dining rooms 147

5.11 Minimum Bedroom Floor areas and Widths 147

5.12 Minimum Aggregate Bedroom Floor Areas 147

5.13 Minimum Storage Space Requirements 148

5.14 Minimum Floor Areas for Main Apartment Balconies 148

5.15 Provision of Waste Storage 149

5.16 Primary Schools in County Louth 152

5.17 Post Primary Schools in County Louth 153

Recreation and Amenity

6.1 Existing and Proposed Playground Facilities 160

6.2 Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty 161

6.3 Areas of High Scenic Quality 162

6.4 Scenic Routes 165

6.5 Views and Prospects 166

6.6 Amenity Schemes 169


Economic Development, Employment and Tourism

7.1 Key Development Opportunities for Louth as identified by County Louth Economic

Development Strategy 172

7.2 Sectoral Breakdown of Employment in County Louth 177

7.3 Percentage Increase in Retail floor space between 2001 2008 182

7.4 County Retail Hierarchy 182

Transport and Communications

8.1 National Routes in County Louth 203

8.2 National Routes – Restrictions and Exemption on Access 205

8.3 Protected Regional Routes – Restrictions and Exemptions on Access 206

8.4 Minimum Visibility Standards 207

8.5 Vehicle Dwell Areas 207

8.6 Car Parking Requirements 208

8.7 Motorways and National Routes 209

8.8 Regional Routes 210

8.9 Strategic New Roads 210

8.10 Proposed Capital Works Programmes 210

Water Services

11.1 Capital Investment Programmes 249

11.2 Public Water Schemes 251

11.3 Private Group Water Schemes 252

11.4 Wastewater Capital Investment Programme 255

11.5 Wastewater Schemes: Current Status 256

List of Figures1.1 Distribution of Population, by Age and Sex in County Louth 2006 34

3.1 Farm Types in County Louth 73

4.1 House Set into the Landscape 115

4.2 Breaking the Skyline 116

4.3 Secluded Site 116

4.4 Dwellings Set into the Landscape 116

4.5 Exploit the Sun 117

4.6 Simple Form 118

4.7 Complicated and Alien Forms 118

4.8 Proportions 119

4.9 Roadside Frontage 120

4.10 Chimney Detail 122

4.11 Window Arrangement 123

4.12 Window Glazing 123

4.13 Dormer Windows 124

8.1 Visibility Splays 207

11.1 Types of Water Supply 250

11.2 Types of Sewerage Facilities 257

List of Maps1.1 Percentage Population Change 2002 – 2006 33

2.1 Landscape Character Areas Map 42

2.2 Location and Extent of proposed Natural 45

2.3 Candidate sites of Geological Interest Map *

2.4 Location and Extent of SACs 48

2.5 Location and Boundaries of SPAs 50

2.6 Trees Protected by Tree Preservation Orders 53-55

2.7 Trees and Woodlands of Special Amenity Value 57

3.1 CLÁR Area, County Louth 69

3.2 Development Zones *

6.1 Location and boundaries of Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Areas of

High Scenic Quality 163

6.2 Scenic Routes and Views and Prospects *

6.3 The Tain Way 168

9.1 Areas of Suitability to Wind Development 228

*These maps are llustrated in the Appendices.


L O U T H C O U N T Y D e v e l o pm e n t P l a n 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 5

17

1.1 Introduction

The Louth County Development Plan 2009 – 2015 outlines an overall strategy for the proper planning and

sustainable development of County Louth over the timescale of the Plan. Spatial planning through the

development plan endeavours to achieve balance between the common good and the interests of individual

persons. To date there is an excellent record of participation and partnership at local level between Louth

County Council, public agencies, service providers, the private sector and the community in general.

This Plan builds on the review of the Louth County Development Plan 2003 – 2009, taking account of

recent key development trends, national, regional and local policy developments and EU legislative

requirements, including the application of Strategic Environmental Assessment to certain plans and

programmes. The Plan addresses the planning authority’s specific areas of responsibility such as roads and

sanitary services, housing, settlement strategy, conservation, heritage, community and social infrastructure. It

also sets out a longer term vision for the manner in which the county can be developed and its environment

protected and enhanced, employing the principles of sustainable development. Sustainable development is at

the core of the planning process, reflecting increasing environmental concerns which have become the focus

of national and international policies over recent years. Sustainable development is defined by Brundtland as,

‘development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs.’

Further detail on Louth County Council’s commitment to sustainable development is contained throughout

the Plan.

1.1.1 Plan Coverage

The area of the Plan covers the administrative area of

County Louth, excluding the municipal boundaries of

Dundalk Town Council together with Dundalk’s

environs which are the subject of the Dundalk and

Environs Development Plan 2009 – 2015. The

municipal boundaries of Drogheda Borough Council

are also excluded. The Plan does not set out detailed

policies for individual towns and villages within the

county with the exception of the Category II (a) and II

(b) Settlements. The detailing of policies for individual

towns and villages throughout the county will be

achieved through a review of the existing local area

plans which will commence during the Plan’s

operating period.

1.1.2 Plan Title

The Plan shall be titled Louth County Development

Plan 2009 - 2015.

Chapter One

Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1.3 Legal Status

This Plan is prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Planning and Development Acts 2000 -

2006. Upon adoption, it will supersede the existing Louth County Development Plan 2003 – 2009. In

accordance with Section 9(1) of the Planning and Development Act 2000, every planning authority is

required to review its existing development plan and make a new development plan every six years.

Under the above legislation, the new plan is required to set out an overall strategy for the proper planning and

sustainable development of the county. It must also be consistent with such national plans, policies or

strategies that relate to proper planning and sustainable development. The Plan must also include a number of

mandatory objectives for the:

� Zoning of land (within urban areas only)

� Provision of infrastructure

� Conservation and protection of the environment

� Integration of social, community and cultural requirements with planning

� Sustainable development of the area

� Preservation of the character of the landscape

� Protection of structures and preservation of architectural conservation areas (ACAs)

� Renewal and development of areas in need of regeneration

� Provision of traveller accommodation

� Preservation, improvement and extension of amenities

� Major Accidents Directive (Seveso sites)

� Provision of community facilities

The Planning and Development Act 2000 is the principal act pertaining to planning and development

legislation in Ireland. This Act consolidated all previous planning legislation, clarifying and simplifying the

legislative framework into one self-contained piece of legislation. The 2000 Act remains the basis for the Irish

planning code, setting out the detail of regional planning guidelines, development plans and local area plans

as well as the basic framework of the development management system.

There have been some of changes to the legislation since 2000, the most significant of which are set out

below;

� The Planning and Development (Amendment) Act 2002 which made changes to Part V of the

2000 Act and the preparation of local area plans.

� The Housing (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2004, which made substantial changes to Part V of the

Planning and Development Act 2000.

� The Planning and Development (Strategic Infrastructure) Act 2006, which provided for, among

other things, the establishment of a streamlined consent procedure for certain types of major

infrastructure and the creation of a specialised division within An Bord Pleanála to make decisions in

relation to such projects.


19

1.2 Review of the Louth County DevelopmentPlan 2003 - 2009

The years 2003 – 2009 witnessed a period of

unprecedented economic growth and development

across County Louth in tandem with the nation as a

whole. The 2003 - 2009 County Development

Plan sets a framework for the physical, social and

economic development of County Louth and the

preservation, protection and enhancement of the

County’s heritage and amenities. This enabled a

strategic response in land-use terms, to sustain

population growth over the plan period. The Plan

contained a settlement strategy which recognized

the considerable development pressures which Louth

was experiencing due to its proximity to the greater

Dublin area and furthermore, to its strategic position

at the centre point of the Dublin - Belfast corridor.

This geographic advantage has been further

enhanced through the completion of a number of

key transportation projects through the course of the

current plan which contributed to County Louth

becoming one of the most accessible locations in the

state. These factors must be added to the inherent

attractiveness of the county itself as a place to live,

given the wealth of manmade and natural attractions

which are contained within its borders.

The 2003 – 2009 County Development Plan also

played a key role in setting the context for the

preparation of a number of important subject led

instruments which were subsequently adopted by the

council. These included the Housing Strategy and

Retail Strategy.

County Louth, although the smallest county in

Ireland, is one of the most densely populated and

urbanised outside Dublin. This is due to the presence

within its borders of two of the largest provincial

towns in the country, Dundalk and Drogheda. The

2006 Census of Population gives the population of

the county at 110,894.

By reason of its strategic location on the Dublin -

Belfast economic corridor, accessibility to east coast

ports and international airports and the much

improved road and rail infrastructure, the county is

well placed to continue to grow in population and

economic terms into the foreseeable future.

The challenge facing Louth County Council, in

partnership with Dundalk Town Council and

Drogheda Borough Council, the private sector and

voluntary groups, is to promote and regulate the

future development of the county in a manner that

will improve living standards and enable the social

and cultural development of its inhabitants without

jeopardising the ability of future generations of Louth

people to do likewise. This in essence is the

fundamental principle of sustainable development

that is a recurring theme throughout the Plan.

The vision for County Louth into the future is of a place:

� Where people want to live, work, visit and invest now and in the future

� That is well planned, well managed, safe and inclusive

� Where there exists equality of opportunity for all

1.3 Vision for County Louth


The vision for County Louth as enshrined in this Plan is attainable. It seeks to deliver through the planning

process, in partnership with the community and other stakeholders, a prosperous and thriving county where

no individual or social group is excluded from the benefits of development. It also enshrines the principle of

environmental, economic and social sustainability including protection of the county’s resources, heritage and

the natural and built environment.

1.4 Strategic Objectives

The realisation of this vision will be pursued by seeking to secure the following overall strategicobjectives of the Plan:

1 Direct new development in accordance with the settlement strategy which will provide for the

sustainable development of the county for the period 2009 to 2015 and beyond. This will require

development to be accessible, energy efficient and to include high quality infrastructure and services.

2 Facilitate the implementation of a countywide economic renaissance through implementation of the

Economic Development Strategy for County Louth 2009 – 2015. This will, insofar as is possible,

seek to provide employment opportunities at locations that are near to the majority of the county’s

inhabitants.

3 Facilitate and promote the economic development of the county, based on the exploitation of its

favourable location on the mid point of Dublin – Belfast corridor and the connectivity which this

provides to external markets and services.

4 Provide a framework for the management and regulation of development and use of land that will

guide day to day planning decisions.

5 Protect and nurture the county’s rich natural and manmade resources, heritage and other amenities in

accordance with plans and policies developed to specifically address these areas, in order that the full

potential of the county can be realised, particularly in terms of attracting tourists and visitors to the

county.

6 Planning for greater social inclusion and improvements to the quality of life of all the inhabitants

of the county.

7 Protection of rural communities in a sustainable manner by encouraging compact development in the

county’s smaller towns and villages and by protecting the open countryside from urban generated and

unsustainable one off housing.

8 Provide a framework for sustainable development through efficient energy use and facilitate an

increase in the use of renewable energy.

9 Secure the provision of high quality physical infrastructure to trigger and support appropriate

development within the county.


21

10 Recognition of the value of people as a resource to be cherished within families, communities and the

economy. This will be achieved in the Plan through optimising opportunities for health, education and

welfare.

11 To fully realise the potential of County Louth in the context of its strategic location within the State and

the Border Region, having regard in particular to the role of the Dundalk Gateway and Drogheda

Primary Development Centre as drivers and catalysts for development within the region and to forge

strong economic links on a cross border basis with Northern Ireland and adjoining counties.

1.5 Content and Format1.5.1 Format of the Plan

The Plan comprises of this written statement with

supporting maps. The written statement includes

objectives where applicable and policies for the

development and use of land. In the event of any

conflict or ambiguity between what is contained

within the written statement and the supporting

maps, the written statement will take precedence.

1.5.2 Formal Notification of the Intentionto Prepare a Draft Plan

In accordance with section II of the Planning and

Development Act, 2000 and Article 13B of the

Planning and Development (Strategic

Environmental Assessment) Regulations 2004, a

notice was published in the local press, namely the

Argus (Dundalk), the Dundalk Democrat and the

Drogheda Independent during the week

commencing 1st April 2008. The notice outlined the

intention of the council to review the County

Development Plan 2003 – 2009 and to prepare a

new plan for 2009 - 2015. It also informed the

public that the planning authority would carry

out a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as

part of the review process and prepare an

environmental report on the likely significant effects

on the environment resulting from the

implementation of the Plan together, with associated

mitigation measures.

1.5.3 Pre-Draft Public Consultation

The review process of the Plan commenced with the

council advertising its intention to review the existing

development plan and to prepare a new one.

Submissions in respect of the review and the making

of the Plan were invited over a specified period.

Consultation was carried out with the general public

and other interested and relevant bodies during this

period. This is commensurate with one of the key

requirements of the Planning and Development

Acts 2000 – 2006 which emphasizes the need for

widespread public consultation and seeking

submissions and observations on the content of the

proposed plan from a wide range of stakeholders

including service providers, developers, public

agencies, government departments and members of

the public. The council engaged in an extensive

consultation process. Facilitated sessions with council

staff and elected members were organised during

March and April 2008. These sessions informed the

preparation of the Issues Paper. The Issues Paper was

then published and widely distributed to statutory

bodies, stakeholders, service providers, elected

members.

Flyers were delivered to every household within

County Louth. These provided a brief summary of the

main issues of what the review of the Plan and the

making of a new one involved and details on how to

make a submission. They included a tear-off postage

paid reply card. The Issues Paper and comment

sheets were also posted on the internet to enable

comments and observations to be submitted through

this medium.


An exhibition was placed on display in the lobby area

of Louth County Hall, Dundalk, for the full duration of

the eight week consultation period. Each Thursday,

members from the forward planning team were

available for ‘drop-in’ meetings to facilitate anyone

who wished to discuss issues, policies or any matter

which they considered to be important in formulating

the new development plan. In addition, the forward

planning team ran public consultation events in

Drogheda, Dundalk and Ardee. These events included

formal presentations, question and answer sessions

and meetings with members of the public.

Additional presentations and discussion sessions were

organised to facilitate input from Louth Community

Forum, Drogheda Chamber of Commerce and Ardee

Town Council.

1.5.4 Stakeholders and Prescribed Bodies

All prescribed bodies, stakeholders and service

providers were contacted by letter and invited to make

submissions. There were a number of subsequent

meetings with individual bodies where issues that they

considered important in the review and making of the

Plan were discussed. Submissions received were

included in the manager’s report.

A list of all the bodies notified is set out in appendix 1

of the Plan.

1.5.5 Manager’s Report

A manager’s report was prepared by the county

manager on the submissions and observations received

(212) and on all matters arising from the above

consultations. This contains a list of the persons who

made submissions or observations, a summary of the

issues raised, the opinion of the manager taking

account of the proper planning and sustainable

development of the area and the statutory obligations

of the local authority and finally, recommendations on

the policies to be contained in the draft plan.The

manager's report was circulated to elected members,

who had a ten week period to consider it. On the 3rd

October 2008 the members issued directions to the

manager to proceed with the preparation of the draft

development plan.

1.5.6 Strategic Environmental Assessment

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is the formal

systematic evaluation of the likely significant

environmental effects of implementing the Plan

prior to its adoption. An Environmental Baseline

Report examines the likely significant environmental

impacts of the policies and objectives of the Plan.

1.5.7 Additions to and Deletions from theRecord of Protected Structures (RPS)

Where the Plan includes provision relating to any

addition to or deletion from the record of protected

structures, the council will serve on each person

who is the owner or occupier of a proposed

protected structure or a protected structure to be

deleted, a notice of the proposed addition to or

deletion from the RPS. This will include the details

of the rationale behind the proposal.

1.5.8 Local Area PlansIn accordance with Sections (18), (19) and (20) of

the Planning and Development Act 2000,

provision is made for the making of local area plans

for any area falling under the jurisdiction of a

planning authority. Section 19(1) (b) imposes an

obligation on a planning authority to prepare local

area plans in respect of any area which is

designated as a town in the most recent census of

population, has a population in excess of 2000 and

is situated within the functional area of a planning

authority. The Ardee Local Area Plan is the only

mandatory local area plan required under the

planning Acts.

In the context of Louth, the need for the creation

of a series of local area plans grew out of the

unprecedented levels of development. The purpose

of these local area plans is to provide a more

detailed framework and response to the

development needs of specific towns and villages

within the overall framework of the Plan. An

important feature of this process is that it provides

an opportunity for local communities to participate

in the preparation of the plan for their own area.

The plans also contain more specific proposals in

terms of the use of land and zoning objectives.

Under the County Development Plan 2003-2009,

a total of fourteen local area plans where prepared

for the settlements listed below. In addition to

these a local area plan was prepared for the North

Drogheda Environs.

1.6 Development Plan Context

Policies and perspectives of international and national significance increasingly influence physical planning in

Ireland and this filters down to local county level. At the international level, the global consensus on the need

to promote sustainable development is the most overriding element in terms of this new approach to planning

and as such will influence the policies and objectives contained in the Plan. The Plan therefore must have

regard to a number of international treaties, European Union directives and national and regional policies as

documented below.

1.6.1 European Plans and Programmes

Agenda 21 Local Agenda 21 is a process which facilitates sustainable

development at community level.

European Spatial

Development

Perspective (1999)

The main aim of the ESDP is to maintain the individual

characteristics of the various countries within the EU while

simultaneously increasing integration between the member

states socially and economically with the protection of the

environment as a core element.

Water Framework Directive

2000/60/EC, 2000

This Directive requires the preparation of river basin

management plans by 2009. The bulk of County Louth falls

within the Neagh Bann River Basin District and the remainder

of the county, primarily to the south, lies within the Eastern

River Basin District.

Strategic Environmental

Assessment Regulations

assessment

The purpose of the SEA (Directive 2001/42/EC) is to ensure

that environmental consequences of certain plans and

programmes are identified and assessed during their

preparation and before their adoption.


23

� Table 1.1 Local Area Plans

The council will commence the review process of the various local area plans upon completion of this Plan.

Annagassan Dunleer

Ardee Knockbridge

Castlebellingham / Kilsaran Louth

Carlingford Tallanstown

Clogherhead Termonfeckin/Baltray

Collon Tullyallen

Dromiskin Omeath


1.6.2 National and Regional Level

National Spatial

Strategy (2002)

The NSS is a twenty year planning framework designed to

achieve a better balance of social, economic, physical

development and population growth between regions. Its

focus is on people, on places and on building communities.

National

Development Plan

2007-2013

The National Development Plan (NDP) involves an

investment of public, EU and private funds to provide for

economic and social infrastructure, employment and human

resources, the productive sector and the peace programme.

Sustainable

Development – A

Strategy for Ireland

(1997)

"Sustainable Development - A Strategy for Ireland"recognises the need for good spatial planning and the

inclusion of sustainability in urban and environmental

policies. It recognises that the pattern and density of urban

development has a major influence on travel patterns and

encourages high movement activities to locate in areas of

maximum accessibility to public transport.

National Anti-

Poverty Strategy

(NAPS)

The NAPS is an initiative to place the needs of the poor and

the socially excluded at the top of the national policy agenda.

It recognises the scale of poverty and its impact on those

directly affected and notes the distinct spatial aspects of

poverty in urban and rural areas. The strategy emphasises the

importance of a cross departmental policy response in dealing

with the problem of poverty.

Transport 21 Transport 21 will see €34.4 billion invested over the next ten

years in Irish transport. Connecting communities and

promoting prosperity is the core aim of this strategy. The

programme seeks to meet the transport needs of the

country’s citizens and also underpin competitiveness into

the future.

Sustainable

Residential Development

Planning Guidelines

The guidelines are focused on creating sustainable

communities by incorporating the highest design standards

and providing a co-ordinated approach to the delivery of

essential infrastructure and services. They are accompanied by

a best practice urban design manual, which illustrates how

the guidelines can be implemented effectively and

consistently across the different scales of urban development

around the country.

Retail Planning

Guidelines (2005)

These guidelines provide a framework to guide planning

authorities in preparing development plans, assessing

applications for planning permission, and guide retailers and

developers in formulating development proposals.


25

Regional Planning

Guidelines for the

Border Area (2004)

(under review)

The vision for the Region is “By 2020 the Border Region will

be a competitive area recognised as, and prospering from, its

unique interface between the two economies, where

economic success will benefit all, through the building of

distinct sub regional identities, in an outstanding natural

environment with innovative people, which in themselves will

be our most valuable asset”

County Louth is located in the east sub-region which is

focused on Dundalk Gateway and contains the hub towns of

Monaghan and Cavan.

Architectural

Heritage Protection

Guidelines (2005)

The guidelines include the criteria to be applied when

selecting protected structures for inclusion in the Record of

Protected Structures (RPS). It also contains guidance to

support planning authorities in their role to protect the

architectural heritage, when a protected structure, a

proposed protected structure or the exterior of a building

within an ACA, is the subject of development proposals and

when a declaration is sought in relation to a protected

structure.

National Biodiversity Plan This Plan was published in 2002. It aims to secure the

conservation, including where possible the enhancement

and sustainable use of biological diversity in Ireland and

to contribute to conservation and sustainable use of

biodiversity globally.

National Climate

Change Strategy

(2007)

Under Kyoto Protocol, Ireland agreed to a target of limiting

its greenhouse gas emissions to 13% above 1990 levels by

the first commitment period 2008 – 2012. Ireland ratified

the Kyoto Protocol in 2002, along with the EU and all other

Member States and is legally bound to meet the challenging

greenhouse gas emissions reduction target. To ensure Ireland

reaches its target and building on measures put in place

following the publication of the first National Climate

Change Strategy in 2000, the Government has published this

new National Climate Change Strategy 2007-2012.

Making Ireland’s

Development

Sustainable (2002)

This document focuses on the link between economic activity

and pressures on the environment. At the Earth Summit in

Rio de Janeiro in 1992, world leaders agreed to implement an

action programme for sustainable development called

Agenda 21. A Strategy for Ireland (1997), applies Agenda

21 in Irish circumstances. Making Ireland’s Development

Sustainable reviews progress, assesses the challenge we now

face and sets out policies and actions to meet that challenge.


1.6.3 Local Level

Waste Management

Plan for the North

East Region 2005 -

2010 (WMP)

This is a joint waste management plan for the counties

Cavan, Louth, Meath and Monaghan. The WMP identifies the

current position, policy for future improvement and

development and the means to implement and monitor

progress. The objective for the region is to develop a

sustainable approach to managing resources, by minimising

waste and managing the waste that is generated in a safe

and environmentally sound manner.

County Development Board

Strategy: Louth–Working

together for our Future

2002 -2012.

This strategy sets out a stratagem for the social, economic

and cultural development of the county. Implementation and

monitoring is an integral part of this strategy to ensure that it

is responsive to circumstances as these change.

Wind Energy

Development

Guidelines (2006)

These guidelines provide advice to planning authorities on

planning for wind energy through the development plan

process and in determining applications for planning

permission.

Flood Risk Guidelines for

Local Authorities 2008

These guidelines detail appropriate action to be undertaken

by planning authorities in response to flood protection and

managing the risk related to potential developments.

National Inventory of

Architectural

Heritage (NIAH)

The purpose of the NIAH is to identify, record, and evaluate

the post-1700 architectural heritage of Ireland, uniformly and

consistently as an aid in the protection and conservation of

the built heritage. NIAH surveys provide the basis for the

recommendations of the Minister for the Environment,

Heritage and Local Government to the planning authorities

for the inclusion of particular structures in their Record of

Protected Structures (RPS).

Delivering A

Sustainable Energy

Future For Ireland -

The Energy Policy

Framework 2007 –

2020

This White Paper sets out the Government’s energy policy

framework to deliver a sustainable energy future for Ireland.

It is set firmly in the global and European context which has

put energy security and climate change among the most

urgent international challenges. The Paper sets out the

actions to be taken in response to the energy challenges

facing Ireland.


27

Louth Heritage Plan

(2007-2011)

The Heritage Plan is a strategic framework plan which aims to

co-ordinate the conservation, management and sympathic

development of the county’s heritage.

Biodiversity plan for Louth

2008-2012

The purpose of the Biodiversity Plan is to provide a

framework for nature conservation at local level, to create

awareness and appreciation of local flora and fauna and to

integrate consideration of biodiversity into all local authority

activities.

Louth County Housing

Strategy

This strategy aims to ensure that sufficient land is zoned and

serviced to meet housing needs, establish requirements under

Part V for social and affordable housing and that there are a

range of house type and sizes.

Locating Industry in County

Louth 2002

This strategy aims to provide for economic growth through

the identification of appropriate locations for industrial and

commercial activities through the county.

Interchange Strategy for

County Louth 2002

This strategy examines the potential of the motorway

interchanges for development in order to maximise the

benefits accruing to the county from the motorway.

Louth Local Authorities

Disability Implementation

Plan 2008 – 2015

This plan governs Louth Local Authority’s development, in

ensuring universal access to its services, public spaces and

buildings across the entire county.

Louth Anti-Racism and

Diversity Plan 2007 – 2010

(ARD)

The ARD plan is an inter-agency county-wide three year

action plan to provide strategic direction and leadership in

countering racism and in developing a more inclusive,

intercultural society in the county.

Louth Local Authorities

Sports and Recreation

Strategy 2007 – 2012

The Sports and Recreation Strategy, aims to increase the

level of general participation in sport and physical activity

over the period 2007-2012.

Cooley Walking Strategy

2009

This strategy identifies maps and promotes walking routes in

the Cooley Peninsula.

County Louth Economic

Development Strategy

2009-2015

In assessing Louth’s economic strengths and weaknesses, this

strategy identifies economic opportunities, potential funding

sources and the mechanisms and challenges facing the

county.


The impact of these documents and other relevant local plans and strategies which have relevance to

development plan policy will be dealt with more specifically under the relevant chapter headings of the Plan.

Regard has also been had to the development plans of adjoining local authorities both within and outside the

county. These include the Dundalk and Environs Development Plan 2003 - 2009 which is currently being

reviewed, the Drogheda Borough Council Development Plan 2005 - 2011, the Meath County

Development Plan 2007 - 2013, the Monaghan County Development Plan 2007 - 2013 and the

Banbridge, Newry and Mourne Area Plan 2015.

Retail Strategy for County

Louth 2009

The primary aims of this strategy are to promote a vibrant

retail sector, protect the viability and vitality of existing town

centres and ensure access to convenient centres of retailing in

new residential areas.

Louth Age Friendly County

Strategy 2009

This strategy aims to increase the participation of older

people in the community, improve the health and well-being

of older people, show how services for older people can be

made more responsive, caring, professional and accessible

and to lead the way in demonstrating the processes that are

required, the benefits to be gained and the lessons to be

learned from such an integrated initiative.

� Encourage the provision of suitable and

appropriate accommodation for all, in

keeping with Louth’s age friendly ethos.

� Ensuring that new initiatives do not decrease

local community access to services through

cost or location.

� Seek to target anti-racism and promote inter-

culturalism in accordance with Louth

Anti-Racism & Diversity (ARD) Plan 2007 –

2010.

� To support the implementation of the

National Anti poverty Strategy (NAPS)

1.7.2 Age Friendly Society

In 2007, Dundalk participated in the Age Friendly

Cities Project, an initiative piloted by the World

Health Organisation along with a selected number of

other urban centres across the world. An age-friendly

society encourages active ageing. It adapts its

structures and services to be accessible to and

inclusive of older people with varying needs and

capacities and benefits large sections of the

population beyond those inhabitants who are elderly.

1.7 Social Inclusion

Despite the relative wealth of the country over the

past decade and a rising standard of living, many

marginalized groups were left behind. Hence the

challenge to counteract this trend has been adopted

by the government with renewed impetus and thus

social inclusion has come to the forefront of policy.

1.7.1 Planning for Social Inclusion

The Council endeavours to ensure that its policies

and objectives are fully inclusive. It aims to:

� Ensure that as far as possible, access for the

less able is provided to all new developments

including the council’s buildings and services,

as detailed in the Louth Local Authorities

Disability Implementation Plan 2008 –

2015.

� Facilitate and promote the Rural Transport

Initiative to enable the socially excluded to

gain access to employment and services.

� Facilitate the provision of small-scale

enterprise start-up units throughout the

county.


29

1.8 County Profile

County Louth has a rich medieval past and figures

prominently in the epic tales of ancient Ireland. It is a

county steeped in myth, legend and history, going

back to the pre-historical days of the Cattle Raid of

Cooley. Later it saw the influence of the Vikings as

seen in the name of Carlingford Lough. The most

famous conflict was the Battle of the Boyne which

occurred in 1690 on the outskirts of Drogheda and it

has become an integral part of Irish history.

Louth’s coastline, exceeding 120 kilometres, stretches

from the River Boyne in the south of the county to

Carlingford Lough in the north. Louth is the smallest

county in Ireland; hence it is often referred to as the

“Wee County”. It is also a county of great natural

beauty, sought after as an attractive place to live in

and a county with many advantages. Louth is a great

base for pursuing a range of activities including

nature walks, salmon and trout fishing, golf

and horse riding. It has many long established

traditions which laid the foundations for the success

of the present.

Louth is now a thriving county with a centre of

activity and commerce in the major towns of

Dundalk, Drogheda, Ardee and Dunleer. In the past,

industries such as the railway, shoe manufacturing

and the brewing industry were very much part of the

fabric of the Louth economy. Industry in the county

has, however, evolved from being largely heavy

engineering to more modern, technologically based

work. This new focus set the scene for the

development of inward investment, not just in

industry but in agriculture as well. In broader terms,

the current vibrant economy will mean an expansion

of Louth’s economic trade while the new impetus for

cross-border co-operation provides further

opportunity for growth and development.

All of these factors are augmented by Louth’s

strategic

location, state-

of-the-art

infrastructural

services and the

existence of a

primed, skilled

and well-

educated

workforce.

There are many

long

established multi-nationals in the county, which

provide excellent employment opportunities and

these are complemented by a large number of small

companies which have successfully developed with

assistance from the County Enterprise Board.

Dundalk Institute of Technology has been significant

in the development of the technology base in the

county and in particular, its Regional Development

Centre has helped many companies to develop.

The age friendly approach will also benefit those

people with impaired mobility including those with

physical disabilities, parents with young children and

children themselves. From a planning and land use

perspective the study has provided a guide of a broad

range of characteristics of the urban landscape and

built environment that contribute to age-friendliness.

The Checklist of Essential Features of Age-

Friendly Cities are set out in appendix 2 of the Plan.

The Plan seeks to embraces the age – friendly society

concept and the policies therein are reflective of

the objectives of the Louth Age Friendly County

Strategy 2009.


Louth has seen considerable development and capital

investment over the last decade; in particular

Euroroute E01, from Rosslare to Larne, transverses

County Louth and the recently completed motorway

has transformed travel to Dublin. In excess of €155

million has been spent in the last five years

upgrading and providing sewerage schemes in the

county. Drainage schemes in Dundalk and Drogheda

together with smaller schemes in Carlingford and

Dunleer, account for most of the expenditure. Up to

date, modern water treatment plants ensure that the

drinking water in the county is of the highest quality.

Other significant developments in recent years

include €1.2m improvement works at Clogherhead

Harbour with further significant work planned,

coastal protection works at a number of locations

and the opening of swimming pool and leisure

centres in both Drogheda and Dundalk and an

annual housing construction programme which is

based on quality design. The county is also well

served by a fully integrated automated library branch

network and the County Museum in Dundalk

ensures that our heritage is well documented and

displayed while the Arts Office in Dundalk and the

Droichead Arts Centre in Drogheda are active in the

promotion of the Arts in Louth.

Louth Local Authorities’ record in working with the

Voluntary and Community Centre is legendary with

330 groups registered who actively take part in the

many campaigns organised by the various local

authorities. The sustained high marking by

participants in Louth in the National Tidy Towns

Competition highlights the success of this

partnership approach.

1.9 Population trends for the Future Developmentof County Louth

Population statistics and forecasts are vital for identifying the likely future requirements for the provision of

social and physical infrastructure to serve the future needs of the community. Such projections are important in

planning terms as they form the basis for policy to provide for future housing, employment, shopping,

community and recreational needs.

County Louth one of the most populated and urbanised outside of Dublin. This is due to the presence within

its borders of two of the largest provincial towns in the country, Dundalk and Drogheda. The population of

County Louth has steadily increased in recent years as illustrated in table 1.2. Census figures show that the

population of the county was 91,810 in 1986 and 110,896 in 2006, an increase of 20.7%. In the inter-censual

period 2002 to 2006 the population grew from 101,821 to 110,894, representing an increase of 8.9%. This is

marginally in excess of the national average of 8.1% for this period.

� TABLE 1.2 Population and Percentage Change

Source: CSO

At sub county level there has been significant variations in growth as illustrated in table 1.3. Many of the

county’s villages have grown considerably while others have experienced only slight growth. The hinterland of

Drogheda has seen the most significant growth, some 53.3% since the last census, which in numerical terms is

1,381 people. Of note is the rise in populations in Mansfieldstown and Drumcar which have seen increases of

41% and 30.9% respectively.

� TABLE 1.3 Population Changes (excluding Drogheda Borough and Dundalk Town) 2002 to 2006

2002 2006 % Change

Louth (County Area) 53257 +9.3

Ardee Rural Area 16055 17976 +12.0

Ardee Rural 2500 2626 +5.0

Ardee Urban 3564 4301 +20.7

Castlebellingham 1338 1371 +2.5

Clonkeen 438 545 +24.4

Collon 1188 1380 +16.2

Dromin 461 535 +16.1

Dromiskin 1956 1935 -1.1

Drumcar 1372 1385 +0.9

Dunleer 1787 2340 +30.9

Stabannan 526 590 +12.2

Tallanstown 925 968 +4.6

Dundalk Rural Area 20533 22721 +10.7

Ballymascanlan 2088 2016 -3.4

Barronstown 621 647 +4.2

Carlingford 1334 1384 +3.7

Castlering 847 935 +10.4

Castletown (Part) 1409 1421 +0.9

Creggan Upper 641 684 +6.7

Year 1986 1991 1996 2002 2006

Pop 91810 90724 92166 101821 111267

% Change + 3.7% -1.2% +1.5% +10.4% +8.9%


31


Source: CSO

2002 2006 % Change

Darver 518 562 +8.5

Drummullagh 903 1120 +24.0

Dundalk Rural (Part) 509 535 +5.1

Faughart 843 905 +7.4

Greenore 898 979 +9.0

Haggardstown (Part) 4778 5769 +20.7

Jenkinstown 831 948 +14.1

Killanny 593 683 +15.2

Louth 1196 1308 +9.4

Mansfieldstown 454 640 +41.0

Rathcor 1163 1203 +3.4

Ravensdale 907 982 +8.3

Louth Rural Area 9515 12560 +32.0

Clogher 1814 2494 +37.5

Dysart 649 777 +19.7

Monasterboice 1130 1164 +3.0

Mullary 1248 1528 +22.4

St.Peter’s (Part) 2641 4022 +52.3

Termonfeckin 2033 2575 +26.7


33

�Map 1.1 Percentage Population Change 2002 - 2006

Source: CSO


1.9.1 Age Profile

Figure 1 below illustrates graphically the age profile of the county. The proportion of dependants (0 -14 and 65

plus) within the population recorded for County Louth in the 2006 census was 32.4%, marginally above that

of the State (31.3%) over the same period. It is notable, that since the early 1990’s the numbers in the lower

cohort 0 to 14 years have been increasing. This will impact on the level of provision of childcare, education and

other youth facilities needed.

The working age group is defined as those persons recorded within the 15-64 age cohorts. The table below

illustrates the large numbers of the population within the working age cohorts. For Louth County this was

recorded at 67% for 2006 while the figure for the state was significantly lower at 58.7%. The proportion of

the population within the working age cohorts suggests that there is a large available labour force within the

county. This also has implications for the provision of housing, services, community facilities and employment

provision.

� FIGURE 1.1 Distribution of Population, by Age and Sex in Co. Louth, 2006

Source: CSO


35

1.9.2 Population Growth

In February 2007, the Department of Environment, Heritage & Local Government (DoEHLG) revised the

National Spatial Strategy population target figures. The revised figures contained within the circular

“National and Regional Population Projections 2006 – 2020” indicated that population growth was well

ahead of that projected during the preparation of both the National Spatial Strategy and thereafter, the

Regional Planning Guidelines in 2004.

The Border Regional Authority revised its population projections accordingly in 2007, having regard to the

revised DoEHLG figures and estimated that the population of the Border Region will be approximately 590,359

by the year 2020.

The Authority then adjusted the figures on a county by county basis and the relevant figures for County Louth

are set out in tables 1.4 and 1.5 below. These revised figures reflect the growth potential within the county

both with and without the application of the NSS target figures.

� TABLE 1.4 County and Settlement Growth ProjectionsApplying Regional Growth Figures and Excluding NSS Population Targets

Source: CSO Census 2006, Volume 1

� TABLE 1.5 Projected Growth Figures for Dundalk and DroghedaApplying Regional Growth Figures and Including NSS Settlement Targets

Source: Border Regional Authority 2007

Year 2006 2011 2016 2020

Dundalk Gateway andEnvirons

35,085 52,035 57,759 63,354

Drogheda PrimaryDevelopment Centre andEnvirons (Louth only)

30,303 52,053 57,759 60,000

Year 2006 2011 2016 2020

County Louth 111,267 122,293 133,092 140,531

Drogheda PrimaryDevelopment Centre andEnvirons (Louth only)

30,303 33,306 36,246 38,272


Whereas the figures outlined in table 1.4 above, would seem to be reasonable and reflect current trends, it is

considered that the adjusted figures in respect of the NSS targets contained in table 1.5, are significantly

overstated and unlikely to be achieved.

In December 2008, the Central Statistic Office issued revised regional population projection for the period

2011 to 2026. These revised figures suggest that the population of the region will be as set out in Table 1.6

below:

� TABLE 1.6 Projected Population for the Border Region 2011 to 2026

Source: CSO December 2008

The above figures are not broken down on a county basis. This is will be done in the review of the Regional

Planning Guidelines which is currently under way. However for the purposes of the Plan, it is necessary to

estimate what proportion of the population growth projected for the region will occur in County Louth.

The population of the Border Region and County Louth in 2006 was 468,475 and 111, 267 respectively. The

percentage of the total population within the six border counties that resided in county Louth in 2006 was

23.8%. By applying the same percentage to the CSO projections, the population of Louth would be as set out

in Table 1.7.

� TABLE 1.7 Projected Population for County Louth 2011 to 2026

Source: CSO December 2008

Whilst the above projections are considered realistic, it is accepted that the changed economic circumstances

could have a negative impact resulting in an actual population less than that projected. On the other hand, the

continued implementation of the National Spatial Strategy and the potential for continued significant growth

in both Dundalk and Drogheda could have a positive impact that would result in the above projections being

exceeded particularly if the Regional Planning Guidelines projection of 60,000 for Dundalk and Drogheda

were to be achieved. Whilst it remains the policy of the council to support the growth of Dundalk and

Drogheda in accordance with NSS and RPGs targets, it is accepted that the 60,000 figure is unlikely to be

reached by the year 2020.

Having regard to the projected population figures above Table 1.8 opposite illustrates the target population

allocation within the settlement hierarchy.

2011 2016 2021 2026

122,570 130,900 137,088 140,896

2010 2016 2021 2026

515,000 550,000 576,000 592,000


37

� TABLE 1.8 Target Population Allocation

NOTE (Figures based on DOE and Border Regional Authority’s Minimum Target Population)* Figures include Drogheda Borough and the Northern and Southern Environs.)The existing and

projected populations of the southern environs are 4,787 and 6,735 respectively.**It is anticipated that a significant proportion of this population will be accommodated within

the settlements.

ExistingPopulation 2006

ProjectedPopulation 2016

Increase%

Increase

LouthCounty

111, 267 130,900 19,633 17.6

DundalkandEnvirons

35,085 42,300 7,215 20.5

DroghedaandEnvirons *

35,090 42,108 7,018 20

Ardee 4301 4700 399 9.3

Dunleer 2340 2540 200 8.5

Category ISettlements

10,022 11,746 1,724 17.2

Category IISettlementsand Ruralareas**

24,429 27,506 3,077 12.6

L O U T H C O U N T Y D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 5

39

2.1 IntroductionThe Louth County Development Plan 2003 – 2009 did much to highlight the County’s rich architectural

heritage and archaeology. This included the designation of protected structures and architectural conservation

areas. The council actively promoted an integrated and pragmatic approach to the conservation of historic

buildings and in so doing increased the appreciation of our architectural heritage by promoting best practice,

disseminating information, and looking at buildings within their wider context. The highest standards of

conservation practice were encouraged through the provision of grant-aid, advice and information. This has

resulted in County Louth, by and large, retaining its rich legacy of built forms, all of which ultimately

contribute to economic regeneration by attracting outside visitors and highlighting the county’s heritage value.

2.2 Wider Benefits of Maintaining a Quality Naturaland Built Heritage

Chapter Two

Conservation and Heritage

Our built and natural heritage, whilst having its own

high intrinsic value to the nation as a whole, also

increasingly has an economic value based on its

potential to attract visitor spend to particular areas.

This is especially true of County Louth with its high

concentration of both natural and manmade heritage

attractions, all located within a relatively small area

and within easy reach of the large urban markets of

both Dublin and Belfast. The Fáilte Ireland

Statement of Strategy 2008 – 2010 notes that the

future tourist market is likely to bring more active

older travellers seeking quality experiences and with

an interest in heritage, culture and environmentally-

based tourism. The market, in general, is likely

to want short breaks, city breaks and customised

holidays, tailored to personal leisure or activity

interests. It is vital that the development plan

protects the sensitive natural and built environment

as a vital component of Louth’s appeal as a

tourist destination.

Chapter 2 Conservation and Heritage

2.3 Natural Heritage and Biodiversity

Louth contains numerous natural assets including an extensive coastline stretching from Carlingford Lough to

the Boyne Estuary, marine environments, wetlands, woodlands, rivers and upland habitats. Together, these

support a rich variety of plant and animal species. The county is an important destination for wildlife, with

Dundalk Bay being the top internationally important location for migratory wading birds in Ireland. An area

equivalent to more than a seventh of the county, including marine and tidal areas, such as the Boyne Estuary, is

designated under Irish and European legislation for wildlife protection. In addition some of the upland areas in

the Cooley peninsula are recognised as being some of the most beautiful and unspoilt in the country.

These resources define the county’s character. In many cases, they are non-renewable and are becoming

increasingly vulnerable due to infrastructure and development needs. It is considered that their unsustainable

usage would cause irreparable damage to the county’s economic prospects in the long term.

The Plan has a fundamental role in facilitating development whilst protecting and enhancing the natural and

built environment.

2.3.1 Heritage

Heritage is defined under the Heritage Act 1995 as items such as monuments, archaeological objects,

heritage objects, architectural heritage, flora, fauna, wildlife habitats, landscapes, seascapes, wrecks, geology,

heritage gardens and parks and inland waterways.

ensure the protection of ourheritage and to promote

its enjoyment by all“

“The National Heritage Plan 2002 sets out a vision

for the management of the National Heritage and its

aim is to “ensure the protection of our heritage and

to promote its enjoyment by all”. A key objective of

the National Heritage Plan is to promote the role that

local communities play in protecting and enhancing

local heritage. This is achieved through the

preparation and adoption of local heritage plans by

the local authority in which the public have an

opportunity to input.

2.3.2 Louth Heritage Plan 2007 – 2011

The Louth Heritage Plan 2007 – 2011 is a strategic framework plan which aims to co-ordinate the

conservation, management and sympathetic development of the county’s heritage. It comprises a five

year joint work plan for a partnership of many individuals and organisations with an involvement in

Louth’s heritage.

These projects include to date:

� A conservation plan for Drogheda’s Town Walls and other defences

� A conservation and management plan for Carlingford’s Town Walls and other defences, and

� Louth Biodiversity Action Plan, 2008 - 2012


41

Policy

CON 1 To promote the implementation of the Louth Heritage Plan.

CON 2 To promote greater involvement by landowners in the conservation ofSpecial Areas of Conservation (SACs), proposed Natural Heritage Areas(pNHAs) and Special Protection Areas (SPAs).

CON 3 To raise awareness of the value of biodiversity and gather importantinformation on the ecology of species and habitats.

CON 4 To promote the designation of sites of geological interest as NaturalHeritage Areas.

CON 5 To promote the protection of the landscape through theimplementation of the Louth Landscape Character Assessment.

CON 6 To consider the designation of Landscape Conservation Areas toprotect specific important landscapes.

CON 7 To co-operate with the Regional Planning Authority and adjoininglocal authorities, public agencies and community interests to protectregionally significant heritage assets, environmental quality and toidentify threats to existing environmental quality in a transboundarycontext throughout the region.


2.4 Landscape Character AssessmentIreland ratified the European Landscape Convention in 2002 and must adopt national measures to promote

landscape planning, protection and management.

In 2002, a landscape character assessment was completed for the entire county outside the major towns. This

assessment was prepared in accordance with the Government’s Draft Guidelines for Landscape and

Landscape Assessment (2000).The aim of these guidelines is to:

� Heighten the awareness of the importance of landscape in all aspects of physical planning

� Provide guidance to planners and to others, as to how landscape considerations should be dealt with in

development management decisions

� Indicate specific requirements for development plans and development centres.

Nine landscape character areas were identified in County Louth. They represent geographical areas with a

particular landscape type or types, and are listed in Table 2.1 and identified on Map 2.1 below.

Source: Landscape Character Assessment 2002,Louth County Council

� TABLE 2.1 Landscape Area Classification

International Carlingford Lough andMountains including West FeedeUplands

National Boyne and Mattock Valley

RegionalDundalk Bay Coast, Dunany toBoyne Estuary Coast, Uplands ofCollon and Monasterboice

Local

Cooley Lowlands and CoastalArea Lower Faughart.Castletown and Flurry RiverBasins, Louth Drumlin and LakeAreas Muirhevna Plain

�Map 2.1 Landscape Character Areas


43

The classification of each landscape character area is based on a matrix of the following factors:

1 Landscape Quality – the interactions of the landscape and the condition of features and elements.

2 Scenic Quality – landscapes which appeal primarily to the visual senses.

3 Rarity – the presence of rare features and elements in the landscape.

4 Conservation Interests – the presence of features and particular wildlife, earth science,archaeological, historical and cultural interest which can add to the value of a landscape as well as

having value in their own right.

5 Wildness – the presence of wild character within the landscape which makes a particular contributionto a sense of place.

6 Recreational Opportunity – the degree of open-air recreation within the landscape in proximity to

centres of population.

7 Cultural Association – with particular people, artists, writers, historical events, legends etc.

8 Tranquillity – relates to low levels of built environment, traffic, noise and where artificial lighting

(public and private) is at a minimum.

9 Stakeholder Representative – whether the landscape contains a particular character and/or features

and elements which are felt by stakeholders to be worthy of representation (stakeholder describes the

entire range of individuals and groups who have an interest in the landscape).

Agriculture, increased population, forestry, rural housing, new roads, industrial and commercial development,

tourism and recreation, overhead lines, telecommunication masts, wind farms, and quarrying are perceived in

this study as the major forces for change in these rural landscapes.

Policy

CON 8 To afford protection to the landscapes and natural environments ofthe county, by permitting only those forms of development that areconsidered sustainable in rural areas and do not unduly damage ortake from the character of the landscape or natural environment.

CON 9 To co-operate with adjoining local authorities, both north andsouth of the border, to ensure that the environment is maintainedin a sustainable manner and to support the co-ordinateddesignation of sensitive landscapes and policy approaches withadjoining areas and on all aspects of environmental protectionparticularly where transboundary environmental vulnerabilities areidentified.


2.5 BiodiversityBiodiversity or biological diversity refers to the whole variety of life on earth. It includes habitats and

ecosystems, covering all plants, animals and micro-organisms both on land and in water. It relates to both

wildlife and domesticated crops and animals.

2.5.1 EU Policy on Biodiversity

Over the last 25 years, the European Union has built up a vast network of over 26,000 protected areas

covering all the Member States and a total area of around 850,000 km², representing more than 20% of total

EU territory. This vast array of sites, known as the Natura 2000 Network - the largest coherent network of

protected areas in the world, is a testament to the importance that the EU attaches to biodiversity. The legal

basis for the Natura 2000 Network comes from the Birds Directive which dates back to 1979 and the

Habitats Directive from 1991. Together these Directives constitute the backbone of the EU's internal policy

on biodiversity protection.

The Convention on Biological Diversity, which Ireland has signed and ratified and the National

Biodiversity Plan aim to halt the loss of biodiversity by 2010. The National Biodiversity Plan 2002 requires all

local authorities to prepare local biodiversity plans.

The Biodiversity Action Plan for Louth 2008 –2012 sets out five main objectives:

� To create a system for the protection of local biodiversity areas

� To integrate biodiversity and local authority activities

� To raise awareness and appreciation

� To gather information on Louth’s natural resources

� To monitor the effectiveness of the Biodiversity Action Plan.

2.6 The National Environment

2.6.1 Local Amenities

Local open spaces provide essential visual breaks in built up areas, contribute to local amenity, can assist in

nature conservation and are capable of meeting recreational and community needs. It is important, not only to

protect open space from inappropriate development, but also to ensure that opportunities are taken to

improve their amenity value and increase public access and use.

Policy

CON 10 To promote and develop the objectives of the Biodiversity Action

Plan for Louth 2008 - 2012.


45

2.6.2 Proposed Natural Heritage Areas (pNHA)

The National Parks and Wildlife Service has proposed twenty-four NHAs in the county. NHAs are sites that

support elements of our natural heritage which are unique or are of outstanding importance at a national

level. These are listed in Table 2.2 and identified on Map 2.2. The process of designation of these sites is

ongoing, with new sites being added and boundaries of existing sites adjusted. It is anticipated that a number

of proposed NHAs will be given full designated status during the course of this plan.

�Map 2.2 Location and Extent of proposed Natural Heritage Areas


� TABLE 2.2 Proposed Natural Heritage Areas

2.6.3 Sites of Geological Interest

The National Parks and Wildlife Service and the Geological Heritage Programme acting in partnership, have

selected the most important candidate geological sites in the county. Some of these candidate sites will

eventually become Natural Heritage Areas but others will only qualify as County Geological Sites or Local

Biodiversity Areas. The location of these sites is illustrated on Map 2.3 in Appendix 3.

Policy

CON 11 To resist any development that would be harmful to or thatwould result in a significant deterioration of habitats ordisturbance of species.

Ref. Location

NH1454 Ardee cutaway bog

NH1801 Barmeath Woods

NH1293 Blackhall Woods

NH1957 Boyne coast and estuary

NH1862 Boyne river islands

NH452 Carlingford Lough

NH453 Carlingford Mountains

NH1458 Castlecoo Hill

NH1459 Clogherhead

NH1461 Darver Castle woods

NH1462 Drumcah, Toprass and Cortial Loughs

NH1856 Dunany Point

NH 455 Dundalk Bay

NH1806 Kildemock Marsh

NH1804 King Williams Glen

NH1451 Liscarragh Marsh

NH1616 Louth Hall and Ardee Woods

NH1464 Mellifont Abbey Woods

NH1805 Ravensdale Plantation

NH1828 Reaghstown Marsh

NH456 Stabannan- Braganstown

NH1803 Stephenstown Pond

NH1468 Trumpet Hill

NH1465 Woodland at Omeath Park


47

� TABLE 2.3 Candidate sites of Geological Interest

Policy

CON 12 To promote awareness and protect, where appropriate, areas ofgeological interest.

Ref. Location

G1 Oriel Brook, Collon

G2 Clogherhead

G3 Collon Quarry

G4 Tullyallen Quarry

G5 Mapastown

G6 Dunany Point

G7 Cooley Point

G8 Cloghmore

G9 Carlingford

G10 Port

G11 Lins Moraine, Dundalk Bay

G12 Rathmore Complex

G13 Drakestown

G14 Tullyallen

G15 Castlebellingham Shore

G16 Dundalk Bay

G17 Trumpet Hill

G18 Dromeena Quarry

G19 Salterstown

G20 Windy Gap at Carlingford

G21 Rampark

G22 Cooley Castle Quarry

G23 Clogher Head Lamprophyre

G24 Barnavave Hill

G25 Slieve Foy

G26 Barnavave Quarry

G27 Mullaghattin

G28 John’s Castle

G29 Rosemount Quarry

G30 Templetown Raised Beach

G31 Greenore

G32 Ardee Moraine Ridges

G33 Castlebellingham Morainic Complex

G34 Bush Delta


�Map 2.4 Location and Extent of SACs

2.6.4 European Sites

Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) have been established under the EU Habitats Directive (Council

Directive 92/43/EC 21/5/1992). These are the prime wildlife conservation areas in the country which are

considered to be important on a European as well as an Irish level. County Louth contains six SACs which are

listed in the Table 2.4 and illustrated on Map 2.4

� TABLE 2.4 Special Areas of Conservation

*Appropriate assessment in this instance refers for the requirement of an assessment of the

proposal by suitably qualified persons.

Policy

CON 13 To ensure that an appropriate assessment* of the implications ofany proposed development on a SAC or development likely toimpact on a SAC that is outside the designated area or any otherSAC identified during the period of this plan is undertaken inview of the site’s conservation objectives.

CON 14 To resist any development that would be harmful or that wouldresult in a significant deterioration of habitats or disturbance ofspecies in a SAC, subject to the preparation of an appropriateassessment exercise under the provisions of the EU HabitatsDirective.

Carlingford Shore

Carlingford Mountain

Dundalk Bay

Clogherhead

Boyne Coast and Estuary

River Boyne and River Blackwater


49

The European Community Birds Directive

(Council Directive 79/409/EEC) requires

member states to preserve a sufficient diversity

of habitats for wild birds to maintain

populations which are listed as rare, vulnerable

or regularly occurring migratory species. This is

to be achieved through the designation of

Special Protection Areas. County Louth has four

SPAs which are listed in Table 2.5 and illustrated

by Map 2.5.


�Map 2.5 Location and Boundaries of SPAs


51

� TABLE 2.5 Special Protection Areas

2.6.5 Trees and Woodlands

Trees and woodlands contribute greatly to Louth’s natural landscape and biodiversity. They provide visual

amenity in the rural and urban environment, shelter and clean air and play a significant role in carbon storage.

Our native woods are habitats for species that have survived many centuries.

The National Parks and Wildlife Service and The Forest Service have commissioned a National Survey of

Native Woodland in Ireland. Over the centuries, conversion of woodland to agricultural farmland has resulted

in the near total removal of this habitat in Louth. Today, only 0.18% of the land cover of Louth is considered

native woodland. Louth has one of the lowest coverage of native woodlands in Ireland.

The Tree Council of Ireland and the Irish Tree Society initiated the Tree Register of Ireland (TROI) project in

1999 with the aim of compiling a database of trees in Ireland. Eight Champion Trees were identified in the

county area as part of this project. It is considered that these trees are of significant environmental value to the

county and that such trees should be protected from development pressure where necessary. Table 2.6 details

champion trees located in Louth.

Policy

CON 15 To ensure that an appropriate assessment* of the implications ofany proposed development on a SPA or development likely toimpact on a SPA that is outside the designated area or any otherSPA identified during the period of this plan is undertaken inview of the sites conservation objectives.

Ref. Location

452 Carlingford Lough

455 Dundalk Bay

456 Stabannan and Braganstown

1957 Boyne Estuary


� TABLE 2.6 Champion Trees

Source: Tree Register of Ireland

The Planning and Development Act 2000 sets out the legal framework and procedures to make a tree

preservation order (TPO). The council has made four TPOs to date. Their locations are listed in Table 2.7.

� TABLE 2.7 Trees Protected by Tree Preservation Orders

Ref. Location

TPO1 Fox Covert, Ardee

TPO2 Ardee Golf Club

TPO3 Red House Ardee

TPO4 Mell, Drogheda

Species Location Dimensions

Cedrus libani

(Cedar of Lebanon)Red House, Ardee 7.41 @ 1.5 m × 36 m

Fagus sylvaticaAtropurpurea(Copper Beech)

Red House, Ardee 4.91 @ 1.3 m × 29.50 m

Juglans regia

(Walnut)Red House, Ardee 4.50 @ 0.6 m × 22 m

Abies procera GlaucaGroup(Noble Fir)

Red House, Ardee 4.48 @ 1.5 m × 39 m

Liriodendron tulipifera(Tulip Tree)

Red House, Ardee 4.46 @ 1.5 m × 23 m

Cedrus deodara

(Deodar Cedar)Red House, Ardee 3.81 @ 1.5 m × 31.30 m

Cryptomeria japonicaElegans Group(Japanese Red Cedar)

Castlebellingham 3.17 @ 0.8 m × 17.70 m

Ilex aquifolium

(Holly)Red House, Ardee 2.31 @ 1.5 m × 21.30 m

�Map 2.6 Trees Protected by Tree Preservation Orders


53


�Map TP03 Red House


55

�Map TP04 Mell, Drogheda


� TABLE 2.8 Trees and Woodlands of Special Amenity Value

The locations of the above are illustrated opposite on Map 2.7.

Ref. Location

TP1 Townley Hall / King William’s Glen

TP2 Termonfeckin Village

TP3 N1 at Aghnaskeagh

TP4 N1 north of Greenore junction

TP5 Trumpet Hill

TP6 Monvallet east of ESB station

TP7 Red House, Ardee

TP8 Fox Covert, Ardee

TP9 St. Joseph, Ardee

TP10 Mullaghesh, Collon

TP11 Barmeath Woods

TP12 Blackhall Woods

TP13 Darver Castle Woods

TP14 Louth Hall

TP15 Mellifont Abbey Woods

TP16 Ravensdale Plantation

TP17 Woodlands at Omeath Park

TP18 Salterstown

TP19 Drumcar

TP20 Beaulieu

TP21 Drogheda – Baltray Road

TP22 Newtown House

TP23 Church at Milltown

TP24 Lisrenny House, Tallanstown

TP25 Rathbrist House, Tallanstown

TP26 Corderry House, Readypenny

TP27 Stephenstown Pond

TP28 Ballymakenny Church

TP29 South of Killineer

TP30 Piperstown House

TP31 North of Mount Oriel

TP32 The Rectory, Ardee


57

�Map 2.7 Trees and Woodlands of Special Amenity Value


2.7 The Built EnvironmentSupport for the preservation and enhancement of Louth’s built heritage is an

important objective of the Plan. County Louth contains an extensive variety of

built heritage sites and a rich archaeological resource of monuments. These

range from megalithic tombs, souterrains, ring forts, mottes and ecclesiastical

sites, to architectural heritage of notable town centre buildings, tower houses,

churches, country houses, demesnes and vernacular buildings. The county also

contains many items of industrial heritage such as mills, road and rail bridges and

associated infrastructure.

2.7.1 Archaeology

Archaeological remains constitute important evidence of Louth’s past and are a

finite and fragile resource, very vulnerable to modern development and land use

changes. The council considers that the archaeology of the county is an

important asset and that its preservation is a legitimate objective against which

the needs of development must be carefully balanced and assessed. The

archaeological heritage consists of known and, as yet unidentified sites,

monuments, objects and environmental evidence. These include round towers,

high crosses, burial sites, ringforts, tower houses and souterrains.

Policy

CON 16 To protect trees and woodlands of special amenity value andwhere appropriate put in place tree preservation orders for thispurpose.

CON 17 To investigate the feasibility of carrying out a survey of all treesof special amenity value within the county.

CON 18 To require an assessment of the implications of any proposeddevelopment on significant trees and hedgerows and streamslocated on lands that are being considered for development.Survey and protection procedures detailed in the Appendix 10will be required by the council.

CON 19 To increase deciduous native tree coverage in the county bypromoting the planting of suitable trees along public roads,residential streets, parks and other areas of open space.

CON 20 To promote such initiatives as private and community driventree planting schemes.


59

There are three categories of monuments under the National Monuments Acts, 1930 – 2004.

These include:

� National monuments in the ownership or guardianship of the Minister or a local authority or national

monuments which are subject to a preservation order.

� Historic monuments or archaeological areas recorded in the Register of Historic Monuments.

� Monuments or places recorded in the Record of Monuments and Places.

The Record of Monuments and Places of County Louth contains the location of all Recorded Monuments

which are protected under the National Monuments Acts.

Within County Louth, there are some 2000 recorded monuments. In addition there are eleven Areas of Special

Archaeological Interest, which in some cases, are extensive and cover, for example, the historic core of towns.

These archaeological features are afforded protection under the National Monuments Acts.

County Louth contains eleven Areas of Special Archaeological Interest. The locations of these are listed in Table

2.9 and mapped in Appendix 4.

� TABLE 2.9 Areas of Special Archaeological Interest

Policy

CON 21 To ensure that any development, both above and below ground,adjacent to a site of special archaeological interest shall not bedetrimental to the character of the archaeological site or itssetting and be sited and designed with care to protect themonument and its setting.

CON 22 Within Areas of Special Archaeological Interest and other sitesof archaeological potential, the council will require applicants toinclude an assessment of the likely archaeological potential aspart of the planning application and may require that an on siteassessment is carried out by trial work prior to a decision on aplanning application being taken.

Ref. Location

AR1 Ardee

AR2 Collon

AR3 Carlingford

AR4 Dunleer

AR5 Louth Village

AR6 Termonfeckin

AR7 Dromiskin

AR8 Grange

AR9 Castlering

AR10 Castleroche

AR11 Newtown Monasterboice


2.7.2 Protected Structures

The planning authority recognises the importance of

protecting historic buildings which are a unique and special

resource. The Planning and Development Act 2000 –

2006 requires every development plan to include a record of

protected structures (RPS) or parts of structures which are

part of the architectural heritage and which are of special

architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural,

scientific, social or technical interest.

County Louth is fortunate in having a large number of

structures that are considered to be of special interest. A

number of these, including Townley Hall, Rokeby Hall,

Barmeath Castle, Bellurgan House and Beaulieu House are of national importance. This Plan contains a total of

659 protected structures. On the recommendation of the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local

Government 323 additional structures have been added. An additional 78 structures recommended by the

Minister are to be considered under Section 55 of the Planning and Development Act, 2000. A further 23

structures have been removed from the RPS and the removal of a further 28 is to be considered under Section

55. Details of these are set out in Volume 2.

A protected structure, unless otherwise stated in the Register of Protected Structures (RPS), includes the

exterior and interior of the structure, the land lying within its curtilage, any other structures and their interiors

lying within that curtilage, plus all fixtures and fittings which form part of the interior or exterior of any of

these structures. An up-to-date RPS, incorporating any additions or deletions within the lifetime of the Plan,

will be maintained on the council’s website or can be checked in the council’s offices. Structures may be added

to the RPS outside of the Plan review process without the requirement to make a variation of the Plan.

Developers and persons proposing to purchase buildings are advised to check the updated RPS.


61

Proposals for works to protected structures should

be:

� Accompanied by appropriate documentation

as described in the Architectural Heritage

Protection Guidelines for Planning

Authorities of the Department of the

Environment, Heritage and Local

Government, to enable a proper assessment

of the proposed works and their impact on

the structure or area.

� In keeping with the character of the building

and to preserve the special architectural or

historical character and any features they

possess

� Of a quality of design and sympathic in terms

of scale and form to the original building

and in the use of materials and other details

of the period and style.

� Carried out in accordance with DoEHLG

Architectural Heritage Protection

Guidelines for Planning Authorities and

best practice and supervised by an

appropriately qualified professional.

Policy

CON 23 To permit the deletion of structures from the Register ofProtected Structures and the demolition or significantmodification of a protected structure, only in exceptionalcircumstances.

CON 24 To ensure that new development either adjacent to or at adistance from a protected structure shall complement and besympathic to the structure or its setting in terms of its design,scale, height, massing, alignment and use of material.

CON 25 To encourage the retention, sympathetic reuse andrehabilitation of protected structures and their settings.


2.7.3 Architectural Conservation Areas

The Planning and Development Act 2000

empowers the planning authority to designate

architectural conservation areas (ACAs), where it is

of the view that this designation is necessary for

the preservation of the character of a place, area,

group of structures or townscape which is of special

interest or contributes to the appreciation of

protected structures.

The following ACAs were designated in the

previous plan:

1 Salterstown

2 Whitestown

3 Newtown Monasterboice

4 Collon (part of)

5 Ardee (part of)

6 Monasterboice – Monastic site

7 Carlingford (part of)

8 Castlebellingham

9 Greenore

The boundaries of the nine ACAs are defined on

maps contained in appendix 5. A brief character

appraisal and objectives particular to each area

accompanies each map.


63

2.7.4 Heritage Gardens and Designed Landscapes

Louth has a rich heritage of gardens and designed landscaped gardens. The National Inventory of Architectural

Heritage has conducted a survey which has listed some seventy - four heritage gardens and designed

landscapes within County Louth. These are listed in Table 2.10. Fieldwork is now in progress to compile more

accurate data and site assessments. Care needs to be taken to ensure that these gardens and parks are

protected from encroaching or adjacent development.

Policy

CON 26 To require that any development within or affecting an ACApreserves or enhances the character and appearance of thearchitectural conservation areas. Any development shouldrespect the character of the existing architecture in scale, designand materials.

CON 27 To ensure that the redevelopment of the towns of historicinterest including Ardee, Carlingford, Collon, Termonfeckin andDunleer, includes the retention of existing street layout, historicbuilding lines and traditional plot widths where these derivefrom medieval or earlier origins.

CON 28 To retain any building in an ACA that makes a positivecontribution to the character or appearance of the area.

CON 29 To require that any development proposal takes account of thecouncil’s specific ACA objectives contained in appendix 5.

CON 30 To require that any new development on the periphery ofWhitestown, Newtown Monasterboice and Salterstown does notdetract from the existing character of the designated ACA. andto prepare village design statements.


� TABLE 2.10 Heritage Gardens and Designed Landscapes

*Please refer to DOEHLG website for updated list www.buildingsofireland.ie/surveys/gardens

Anaverna Harristown House

Ardee House Killin House

Arthurstown House Killineer House

Ballymascanlan House Kiltallaght House

Barmeath Lisnawully House

Barronstown Rectory Lisrenny House

Beaulieu House Listoke House

Bellurgan House Louth Hall

Beltichburne Maine House

Black Hall Milestown House

Braganstown House Monasterboice

Burnhill House Monavallett

Carstown Mooremount House

Castle Bellingham Mount Bailey

Castletown Castle Mount Pleasant

Catherines Grove Newtown House

Charleville Newtown House

Claret Rock House Nootka Lodge

Clermont Philipstown

Clonaleenaghan House Prospect

Collon Rath House

Corbollis House Rathcoole House

Corderry House Rathescar

Darver Castle Ravensdale House

Derryfalone House Ravensdale Lodge

Drumcar Red House

Drummullagh Rohanna House

Dunany House Rokeby Hall

Dundalk Park Shortstone House

Fairhill House Smarmore Castle

Falmore House Stephenstown House

Fane Valley Stone House

Faughart House Thistle Lodge

Glebe House , Arthurstown Thomastown Castle

Glebe House, Millockstown Townley Hall

Glebe House, Kilsaran Williamstown House

Grange House Kiltallaght House

Greenmount Lodge Lisnawully House


65

2.7.5 Vernacular Architectural Heritage

Traditionally each country, region and locality had its own distinctive styles for everyday buildings, suited to its

particular climate and environment and built using materials which were readily available in the locality. These

styles reflect the way of life of the people of the area and are known as vernacular. Vernacular architecture

comes from the ordinary people and follows time-honoured patterns and practices whose reasons and origins

may be long forgotten. It is an expression of the culture of a community and of cultural diversity.

Vernacular structures are extremely vulnerable due to the changing needs and demands of the modern

generation and are facing serious problems of becoming obsolete. Thatched buildings in particular and

traditional farm buildings are under increasing threat as they are seen to be no longer economically viable on

the modern farm. Generally these structures are of mud-wall or rubble stone construction with external lime

renders. In some cases, the agricultural outbuildings belonging to large estates are of fine cut stone, with

excellent detailing of features.

Policy

CON 32 To encourage the protection, restoration and appreciation ofthe vernacular architectural heritage of Louth in both the townsand rural areas of the county.

CON 33 To promote and protect established public rights of way toheritage sites and features of archaeological interest, coastalareas, mountains, rivers, lakes, geological and geomorphicsystems and other natural amenities, subject to the preparationof an appropriate assessment exercise under the provisions ofthe EU Habitats Directive.

Policy

CON 31 To ensure that new development will not adversely affect thesite, setting or views to and from heritage gardens and designedlandscapes.


67

3.1 IntroductionSustainable and diversified development in rural areas is key to keeping the countryside alive and prospering.

The rural areas of the county are changing rapidly as a result of the changing nature of farming and

the demands of modern agricultural practices, the impact of the growing demand for one-off houses in

the countryside and the recreational needs of urban based populations. The increase in off-farm employment

and trends towards rural diversification are becoming increasingly important and necessary to sustain

rural communities.

Chapter Three

Rural Development and Natural Resources

3.2.1 National Spatial Strategy

The National Spatial Strategy outlines the future

potential of rural areas beyond traditional uses and

suggests how alternative employment can be

developed by building on local strengths in tourism,

agriculture, enterprise, local services and land based

natural resources. In excess of €10 billion has been

allocated nationally to rural communities under the

National Development Plan 2007- 2013.

3.2.2 Regional Planning Guidelines forthe Border Region

The Regional Planning Guidelines for the Border

Region recognise the importance of building on the

indigenous strengths of the rural areas in order to

achieve balanced regional growth. In terms of

agriculture and rural development, new approaches

towards agri-tourism, organic farming and

eco-tourism may provide the way forward for

many farmers in the region, who are facing a

decline in income and seeking opportunities for

off-farm supplementation.

3.2 National and Regional Policy

Chapter 3 Rural Development and Natural Resources

3.2.3 Rural Development Programme 2007 - 2013

The Rural Development Programme 2007-2013 is based on the EU framework for Rural Development

and on the National Rural Development Strategy. The programme for Ireland sets three main priorities:

� Improving the competitiveness of the agricultural sector.

� Improving the environment of the countryside by supporting sustainable land management practices.

� Improving the quality of life in rural areas and encouraging diversification of economic activity.

Under the Rural Development Programme 2007 - 2013, much of the Border Region is classed under one of

the five broad rural area types, namely “Areas that are Changing”. These are areas where population and

agricultural employment are in decline and where replacement employment is required.

This programme suggests that to complete the picture, another category of rural areas should be recognised

namely ‘Peri-urban Areas’. These are defined as areas close to and under the influence of, main urban centres.

Features of such areas include high population densities and levels of commuting to work with relatively low

reliance on farming. Much of County Louth falls into this classification.

The council recognises that the restructuring of agriculture, through diversification, is crucial to sustaining the

rural economy of Louth and as such, the council will endeavour to facilitate these changes.

3.2.4 CLAR Programme (Ceantair Laga Árd- Riachtanais)

The CLÁR programme is a targeted investment programme for rural areas which experienced a decline of

more than 35% in population since the foundation of the State. Whilst County Louth did not experience such

declines, the Cooley Peninsula area of the county was included in the programme due to the serious impact of

the foot and mouth outbreak in 2001 which resulted in the total de-stocking of animal herds in the area.

CLÁR contains a range of measures to accelerate the development of physical, community and social

infrastructure which would have a clear benefit in terms of employment creation, thus providing opportunities

for local people who otherwise would have limited employment opportunities.

Policy

RD 1 To support the implementation of the policies identified in the NSS,

Regional Planning Guidelines and Rural Development Programme

2007-2013 pertaining to the sustainable and balanced development ofCounty Louth’s rural areas.


69

These measures include village, community and school enhancement projects and the provision and

improvements to broadband, roads, water supply and sewerage infrastructure. The programme has had a

significant influence on leveraging further funding from other public and community sources.

Source. www.pobail.ie

�Map 3.1 CLÁR Area, County Louth


3.2.5 Rural Environmental Protection Scheme (REPS)

The Rural Environmental Protection Scheme (REPS) was first introduced by the Department of Agriculture

in 1994. It is designed to reward farmers for carrying out farming activities in an environmentally friendly

manner and to bring about environmental improvements on farms.

The REP scheme aims to protect the rural environment through sensitive farm management. It requires the

modification of existing farm practices by farmers which are detailed in a plan specific to each farm. These are

prepared by a planning agency approved by the Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development.

The numbers of farmers participating in the scheme nationally increased from 42,500 to almost 60,000

between 2005 and 2007. Almost €30 million was paid to participants in 2007. In Louth, the number of

participants increased from 303 farmers in 1998 to 408 farmers in 2007, which accounts for only 1% of the

national figure. A possible reason for the low uptake in Louth is that REPS, as it currently operates, does not

suit livestock and tillage farming. Aside from the Cooley Peninsula, much of County Louth is characterized by

intensive livestock, tillage and horticultural production. Nevertheless, the council recognises that the REPS

scheme is important both financially and environmentally to the county.

Policy

RD 3 To encourage farmers in the county to participate in the REPSscheme in the interests of environmental protection and thesafeguarding of sensitive and vulnerable rural landscapes.

Policy

RD 2 To continue to co-operate with the County Development Board toimplement the CLÁR Programme in the Cooley Area.


71

3.3 Rural Development StrategyThe council’s rural development strategy is based on

promoting sustainable rural development aimed at

maintaining vibrant and viable rural communities while also

seeking to protect the amenity, recreational and heritage

value of the rural landscapes and countryside of the county.

The implementation of the settlement strategy, as set out in

chapter 4 and the conservation and protection measures in

chapter 2 are considered to be essential towards achieving

this aim.

The designation of settlements with agreed

development boundaries enables the council

to promote the strengthening of villages and

settlements and to provide for the development of

rural communities.

Agriculture, natural resources and rural enterprises

make a major contribution to the economic and

social stability of County Louth and as such should be

maintained and promoted in the interest of the

economic, social and environmental sustainability of

rural communities.


3.3.1 Rural Enterprise

The development of rural enterprise and employment opportunities will be vital to sustain the rural economy.

The location of such enterprise and employment opportunities will be encouraged throughout the county in

locations and at a scale which are considered appropriate.

In the settlement hierarchy (as detailed in chapter 4), those towns which comprise levels 1 and 2, namely

Dundalk, Drogheda, Ardee and Dunleer, include considerable tracts of lands zoned for commercial, industrial

and employment uses. Large scale commercial development will be directed to these serviceable sites. Such

uses will not be considered appropriate in unserviced rural locations given their implications on traffic safety,

damage to road structure by heavy vehicles and visual and residential amenity. Many of the settlements at level

3 also have lands zoned for business and employment uses which have the potential of providing a spread of

employment opportunities throughout the county.

However, it is recognised that certain commercial activities, industrial activities and strategic infrastructure may

need to be accommodated in rural areas outside of existing settlements.

Within designated rural settlements, the council will promote the establishment of small incubator units to

accommodate new enterprises. The council will facilitate the development of alternative home based micro

enterprises of appropriate nature and scale.

Policy

RD 4 To secure vibrant and viable rural communities by promotingsustainable development and settlement patterns in ruralareas, environmentally friendly agricultural practices and theprotection of the natural resources, environment and landscapeof the countryside.

RD 5 To encourage the development of alternative rural basedenterprises where the scale and nature of such enterprises are notdetrimental to the amenity of the area, adjoining dwellings andwhere the proposal can meet all other planning requirements.

RD 6 To ensure that such new developments do not impinge onareas of special amenity value or on areas designated assensitive landscapes.

RD 7 To facilitate the location of certain resource based and locationspecific developments of significant regional or nationalimportance and critical infrastructure projects at suitable locationsin rural areas.


73

3.4 Agriculture

Agriculture is an important source of employment and income in rural areas. The county’s agricultural land

bank is not only a source of value in terms of food production, but also a vital ingredient in the county’s

character. The 2006 census illustrates that 2.4% of the population of County Louth is employed directly in the

agricultural sector. This is equivalent to 1,182 persons. This is a significant a drop from 6% of the population

as recorded in the 2002 census of population.

Farming is the traditional form of economic activity in rural areas. However, traditional farming methods have

undergone significant changes, through increased mechanisation and the emergence of larger commercial

farm units. County Louth occupies an area of 82,100 hectares, of which 61, 308 hectares is farmed. In table

3.1 it can be seen that a significant proportion of farms in County Louth, some 47%, operate on farm

holdings of less than 20 hectares. The average farm size in the county is 35.1 hectares which is an increase

from the average size of 28 hectares in 2001.

� TABLE 3.1 Farm Sizes in County Louth

Farm practises are experiencing a shift away from traditional agriculture activities such as dairying and livestock

farms. Specialist beef production is now the main enterprise on some 36% of farms in County Louth which

reflects a national shift to this type of farming.

� Figure 3.1 Farm Types in County Louth

Area <10ha 10-20ha 20-30ha 30-50ha 50-100ha >100ha

No. of Farms 460 360 250 300 310 90

(%) of Total Farms 26% 21% 14% 17% 17% 5%

Source. www.cso.ie

Specialist tillage

8%

13%

11%

2%15%

15%

36%

Specialist dairying

Specialised beef production

Specialist sheep

Mixed grazing livestock

Mixed crop and livestock

other

Source. CSO


The changing pattern of employment in agriculture in recent years necessitates a new approach to the

sustainable use of our countryside. Farm diversification is promoted in both national and regional policy as a

means of expanding the rural economy. Teagasc has identified a number of alternative schemes that are

considered suitable for farmers to enter into for the purposes of diversification. These include wind farms,

production of dairy products (such as cheese and yoghurt), soft fruit production, forestry, horse livery and

adventure tourism. Others would include micro enterprises, rural tourism, biomass production, organic food

production, horticulture, specialist farming practices such as poultry, mushroom growing, and specialised

animal breeding.

The council acknowledges that farming will remain as an important economic activity essential for the

economic prosperity and well being of rural areas and will facilitate the development of agriculture subject to

ensuring the protection of the environment, particularly water resources

Policy

RD 8 To maintain a vibrant and healthy agricultural sector based on theprinciples of sustainable agriculture and associated activities as acornerstone of rural development and prosperity.

RD 9 To facilitate the development of agriculture while ensuring thatnatural waters, wildlife habitats and conservation areas areprotected from pollution.

RD 10 To encourage and facilitate agricultural development whilstensuring that such development does not result in a negative effecton the scenic amenity of the countryside.

RD 11 To encourage and facilitate agricultural diversification into relatedagri-businesses subject to the retention of the holding for primarilyagricultural use and the proper planning and development ofthe area.

RD 12 To consider farm-based diversification which is complementary tothe farm and is operated as part of the holding.

RD 13 To encourage rural diversification intended to supplement farmincomes such as production of dairy products, soft fruit production,forestry, horse livery, organic food production and specialistfarming practices.

RD 14 To encourage farmers to see themselves as custodians of thecountryside and the rural landscapes which are valuable to thepresent and future generations.


75

Where new agricultural developments are proposed, it will be a requirement that the development is well

screened by trees and hedgerows and of a colour which permits the structure to satisfactorily blend into

its surroundings.

Policy

RD 15 To ensure that agricultural buildings are designed andappropriately sited to integrate into the landscape.

RD 16 To ensure that agricultural developments provide adequatewaste collection and storage facilities and adhere to alllegislation on water quality including the Water Framework

Directive, Nitrates Directive and Phosphorus Regulations.

RD 17 To ensure that agricultural developments are designed andconstructed in a manner that will ensure that watercourses andsources of potable water are protected from the threatof pollution.

3.4.1 Agricultural Buildings

Good quality purpose built agricultural buildings are

important to efficient and sustainable agricultural

production. Agricultural buildings should be

integrated into the countryside. In this respect the

colour of materials used is important. Site selection

and the maintenance of existing native hedgerows or

the planting of new hedgerows is important in terms

of screening farm buildings and thus blending these

into the landscape in the least obtrusive manner.

Proposals for large more intensive agricultural

practices may require more stringent consideration,

for example, mushroom and poultry units, or

piggeries which may have a greater impact on the

local roads and the environment. Such applications

will be assessed on their merit subject to proper

planning and sustainable development criteria.


3.5 Rural Tourism and Coastal AreasTourism can make a significant contribution to the development of rural areas. It is an aim of the Plan to

support rural tourism enterprises that are developed in conjunction with established rural activities and to

facilitate the development of agri-tourism. Rural tourism is expanded on in Chapter 7 of the Plan.

3.5.1 Coastal Areas

The coastline of County Louth stretches from the County Down border, through Carlingford Lough, Dundalk

Bay and as far south as the Boyne Estuary outside Drogheda. The coastline is of high intrinsic and special

amenity value and is home to a variety of natural habitats. Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) and Special

Protection Areas (SPA) designations cover much of the coastline. Clogherhead, Port, Templetown and

Termonfeckin Strand are superb beaches which have considerable tourism potential.

The coastline also contains economically significant sites which include the ports at Drogheda, Greenore,

Dundalk and Clogherhead.

The coastline is susceptible to pressure for development which has the potential to encroach on sensitive sites

and cause pollution. The coastal waters off County Louth provide an important resource, supporting and

generating employment and recreational activities. It will be important to ensure that measures to offset

coastal erosion are provided in the Plan to protect this important resource.

Policy

RD 18 To support tourism enterprises that are developed inconjunction with established rural activities and to facilitate thedevelopment of agri – tourism.


77

3.5.2 National Coastal Protection Strategy Study

Under the NDP 2007-2013, some €23 million has been allocated for projects to protect the coastline from

erosion and to manage the problem of coastal flooding, so as to minimise its impact on the commercial and

social activities of coastal communities.

The Coastal Protection Programme is administered by the Sea Fisheries Administration Division of the

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. The programme funds a number of projects including the

Coastal Protection Strategy Study. This study will identify areas at risk from erosion and flooding and will

quantify damages likely to arise.

In addition, the programme provides part funding for projects identified by the local authorities in areas where

the necessity for protection schemes are identified. The council will work closely with the Department of

Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in its work to identify and manage the risks associated with coastal flooding.

3.5.3 Proposed Coastal Protection Measures

Subject to the availability of funding, the council will seek to implement the following programme of

coastal projects.

� TABLE 3.2 Programme of Priority Work for Coastal Areas

Priority Location Project

1 BlackrockSea wall protection. Underwelming of wall foundations

required as a result of storm damage February 2002.

2 SalterstownRepair to road verge required as a result of coastal

erosion.

3 Port Beach Protection of beach amenity.

4 Baltray Coastal flooding preventative works.

5 Bellurgan Repairs.


3.5.4 Development on the Foreshore

The Foreshore Acts 1933 - 1998 require that a lease or licence must be obtained from the appropriate

government department before undertaking any works or placing structures or materials on, or removal of

material from, any state owned foreshore which falls below the high water mark.

However, planning permission will be required for any development on the foreshore that is above the

high water.

Policy

RD 19 To increase the quality of beaches in the county and in so doingcontribute to the development of the tourism industry and tothe enjoyment of the facilities, subject to the preparation of anappropriate assessment exercise under the provisions of the EUHabitats Directive.

RD 20 To resist development along the coast which would detractfrom its visual appearance or conflict with its recreational andleisure functions.

RD 21 To work closely with the Department of Agriculture, Fisheriesand Food in its work to identify and manage the risks associatedwith coastal flooding.

RD 22 To ensure that any development on the foreshore does notdetract from the visual amenities of the coast and the publicenjoyment thereof.

3.6 ForestryIn the Republic of Ireland, forest cover at the end of 2007 stood at an estimated 700,000 hectares. This repre-

sents approximately 10% of the total land area. Over half of this is in public ownership, primarily Coillte. The

Government Forestry Strategy aims to have 17% forest cover by 2030. Its importance in terms of generat-

ing economic activity in the countryside is recognised as well as other benefits such as the provision of a sus-

tainable construction material and its role in the promotion of biodiversity. However, it is important that

intensive forestry practices do not impinge upon the visual amenity of the landscape or adversely affect the

biodiversity in the area.

The overall national policy in relation to forestry is set out in Growing for the Future: a Strategic Plan for

the Development of the Forestry Sector in Ireland, 1996. The strategy aims to develop the sector to a

scale and in a manner which maximises its contribution to national economic and social well-being on a


79

sustainable basis and which is compatible with the protection of the environment. The draft Indicative

Forestry Statement (IFS) ‘The right trees in the right places’ has been developed in the context of a

national forest policy and provides high-level, national guidance in relation to the suitability of land for

forestation. It also facilitates the establishment of high quality forests serving a variety of purposes including

timber production, enhancement of the environment, mitigation of climate change, forest industry

development, creation of alternative off farm incomes and opportunities for tourism and amenity use.

The IFS is a map based approach which provides a comprehensive overview of all the opportunities and

constraints which exist for forestry in Ireland, at a national level. It sets out four broad categories:

� Category 1 Suitable for a range of forest types

� Category 2 Suitable for certain types of forest development

� Category 3 Suitable for nature conservation and amenity forests

� Category 4 Unsuitable, that is, unproductive or un-plantable areas

Currently in Louth, Coillte has a total forest area of almost 1400 hectares, of which just over 100 hectares are

broad leaf. It also has three recreational sites at Ravensdale, Slieve Foye Wood and Townley Hall.

Initial forestation is exempt under the provisions of the Planning and Development Regulations 2001.

Replacement of broad leaf forests by conifer species where the area involved is less than ten hectares is also

exempt under the provisions.

3.7 EnergyThe policy of the council in relation to energy conservation and generation is detailed in chapter 9. However, in

a rural development context, particularly in relation to the production of renewable fuel sources such as wind

farms, biomass and solar energy, renewable energy production provides a significant opportunity for the

generation of rural based economic activity and employment. The council will have regard to the relevant

guidelines concerning such developments including the suitability of the proposed location (see Map 9.1),

nature of use, scale and feasibility of the proposal.

Policy

RD 23 To support the Government Forestry Strategy in co-operationwith Coillte, which aims to increase forest cover and toencourage state and private forestation, both native broad leafand coniferous species, in appropriate locations.


3.8 Extractive Industry and Building Materials ProductionCounty Louth has significant deposits of high grade stone, sand and gravel quarries, with substantial building

sand reserves in the Cooley area. The council is aware that where such resources exist there will be a demand

for their extraction. The council will facilitate the recovery of this important resource subject to the overall

protection of the environment.

Section 261 of the Planning and Development Act 2000 required the registration of all quarries within the

functional areas of planning authorities. A total of twelve quarries have been registered in County Louth.

The Quarry and Ancillary Facilities – Guidelines for Planning Authorities document (2004) provides

guidance to planning authorities on how to manage the development of extractive industries in a

sustainable manner.

The council will seek to protect established or potential quarry resources from inappropriate development, that

would jeopardise their recovery and to safeguard valuable, un-worked deposits for future extraction. During

the period of the Plan, the council will consider the feasibility of carrying out an analysis and mapping of

aggregate reserves in the county in conjunction with the Geological Survey of Ireland. (GSI)

Policy

RD 24 To support the development of renewable energy resourcesin rural areas where proposals are consistent with the landscapeobjectives of the Plan, the protection of the natural andbuilt environment and the visual and residential amenitiesof the area.

RD 25 To consider any individual renewable energy proposalon its merits having regard to the Wind Energy Development

Guidelines for Planning Authorities and any otherrelevant guidance.


81

3.8.1 Development Management Criteria

In assessing applications for new quarries and extensions to existing quarries, the council will have regard to

the following:

� Registration of quarries under Section 261 (Control of Quarries) of the Planning and Development

Act 2000.

� Visual impact on sensitive landscapes.

� Environmental impact and mitigation measures proposed in the environmental impact statement (EIS)

submitted with planning applications, where required.

� Require a detailed and progressive restoration and rehabilitation plan for the aftercare and re-use of

the site, to be submitted as part of the proposed development.

� Minimising effects on residential amenity through the imposition of conditions regarding hours of

operation, dust and noise emissions.

� Ensure that public roads are not unduly damaged by quarry and pit related traffic and to impose a

special contribution on Section 48(2) in respect of any road works which the council is required to carry

out to facilitate the development.

� Methods of extraction, noise levels, dust prevention, protection of rivers, lakes and other water sources.

The council welcomes the joint publication of the Irish Concrete Federation and the Geological Survey of

Ireland of the document, ‘Geological Guidelines for Extractive Industries’ and will expect that members

will operate their quarries in accordance with them.

Policy

RD 26 To ensure that all existing and proposed quarries comply withthe requirements of the document Quarry and Ancillary

Facilities – Guidelines for Planning Authorities, 2004.

RD 27 To prevent development that would hinder the efficient oreffective recovery of the county’s aggregate resources.

RD 28 To ensure that the extraction of stone and mineral materials iscarried out in a manner that is sustainable and has due regardto the protection of the environment.

RD 29 To refer any application for development to the GeologicalSurvey of Ireland, where it relates to mineral extraction,quarrying developments/extensions and any developmentinvolving excavations greater than 50,000m³ in volume or onehectare in area.


3.9 Residential Development in Rural AreasThe council has always recognised and accepted the importance of rural housing in meeting local housing

needs and in sustaining rural services such as primary schools, post offices and village shops. The council also

accepts what it considers as the legitimate aspirations of people who are born and raised in the countryside

wishing to reside within their own community.

Specific rural housing policies including qualifying criteria based on local needs is set out in detail in paragraph

4.6 of Chapter 4 of this plan.

3.10 Development ZonesIn order to ensure development in the countryside takes place in a sustainable and appropriate manner, the

county area was divided into six development control zones in the County Development Plan 2003 – 2009.

The purpose of these development control zones was to conserve and protect the amenities of rural areas and

to promote development in a sustainable manner. These zones also assisted in the operation of the

development management function of the council with regard to planning applications for developments in

rural areas.

This Plan continues the approach taken in the 2003 – 2009 Plan. Some modifications to the control zone

boundaries have been made in light of experience gained during the operation of the previous plan. In this

regard it is proposed to amalgamate the areas of the county formerly referred to as Control Zones 5 and 6.

Other changes include an extension to Control Zone 4 (green belts), alterations to the boundaries of Control

Zone 3 and additional areas incorporated within Control Zone 2. It should be noted that in the interest of

clarity, the areas formerly referred to as Control Zones are now referenced as Development Zones 1 to 5. The

extent of each of these zones is outlined in Map 3.2 in Appendix 11.

In exercising its development management role, the council will have regard to the strategic objectives of the

Development Zones 1 to 5, specific aspects of siting and design and specific policies in relation to development

management standards, roads, sanitary services and environmental constraints. In relation to rural housing, the

council will be guided by design and siting criteria as set out in the document “Building Sensitively and

Sustainably in County Louth” and the guidelines contained in chapter 4 of this Plan.

Policy

RD 30 To apply a presumption in favour of granting planningpermissions to bone-fide applicants for rural generated housingwhere the qualifying criteria set down in chapter 4, (paragraph4.6.2) are met and where standards in relation to siting, design,drainage and traffic safety set down in the Plan are achieved.

RD 31 To apply a presumption against urban generated housing in therural areas of the county or where standards in relation to sitingdesign, drainage and traffic safety set down in the Plan arenot achieved.


83

3.10.1 Development Zone 1

To preserve and protect the natural unspoilt physical landscapes.

Zone 1 relates principally to the high mountainous areas of Cooley, Feede, and Ravensdale.

Due to the extremely sensitive landscapes of this zone which include proposed Natural Heritage Areas, Special

Conservation Areas and Special Protection Areas (refer to chapter 2), this unspoilt landscape must be protected

from harmful development. As such, only very limited development appropriate to these sensitive landscapes

will be considered, except by way of extensions to existing authorised uses.


To protect the scenic quality of the landscape and facilitate development required tosustain the existing rural community.

Zone 2 relates to areas that are to be found in the lower regions of the Cooley Mountains, in Upper Faughart,

Ardee Bog, Hamilstown, Fieldstown, Monasterboice, Mount Oriel, Dunany Point and the Boyne Valley. The

area covered by this development zone contains landscapes of high scenic quality which the council considers

should be protected. There is, however, a substantial existing rural population within these areas and the Plan

supports the continued vibrancy and vitality of these communities.

Policy

RD 32 To permit only very limited development appropriate to thesesensitive landscapes. This would include active recreationalamenities such as pedestrian and cycle paths, equestrian trails,ecological corridors, small scale ancillary recreational facilities,agriculture and related activities. Certain unique, location tiedor resource based developments and renewable energy schemeswill be open to consideration.

RD 33 Development of a residential, commercial, industrial or othersimilar nature will not be considered appropriate.



To protect the recreational and amenity value of the coast.

The coastline of County Louth stretches from the County Down border, along Carlingford Lough and Dundalk

Bay to the Boyne Estuary outside Drogheda. It is of considerable intrinsic, special amenity and recreational

value. Furthermore, the coastline is home to a variety of natural habitats and many species of flora and fauna.

The coastline is protected by a number of statutory designations. Special Areas of Conservation (SAC),

proposed Natural Heritage Areas (NHA) and Special Protection Areas (SPA) designations cover much of the

coastline. For the purposes of the Plan, the coastline, Zone 3, is that outlined on Map 3.2 in appendix 11.

Policy

RD 36 To only permit development that would not be detrimental tothe visual and recreational amenities of the coast. Suchdevelopment would include limited one-off housing*,extensions to existing authorised uses and farmyards, tourism,(excluding holiday homes) leisure and recreation relatedprojects, and renewable energy schemes.

RD 37 Multi-unit residential developments, large-scale intensiveagricultural, industrial and commercial developments or otherdevelopments of similar scale or nature would not beconsidered appropriate within this zone.

Policy

RD 34 To permit only essential resource and infrastructure baseddevelopments and developments necessary to sustain theexisting local rural community. Such development would includelimited one-off housing*, farm developments, extensions toexisting authorised uses, tourism related projects (excludingholiday homes) and renewable energy schemes.

RD 35 Multi-unit residential, large scale intensive industrial,agricultural and commercial developments or otherdevelopments of a similar scale or nature would not beconsidered appropriate within this zone.


85


To provide for a greenbelt area around the urban centres of Dundalk, Droghedaand Ardee.

It is an objective of the council to preserve a clear distinction between the built up areas of settlements and the

surrounding countryside. In this regard, greenbelt areas are proposed surrounding the main urban settlements

of Dundalk, Drogheda and Ardee.


To protect and provide for the development of agriculture and sustainable ruralcommunities and to facilitate certain resource based and location specific developments ofsignificant regional or national importance. Critical infrastructure projects of local,regional or national importance will also be considered within this zone.

Zone 5 encompasses an extensive area of land outside the greenbelts, extending from the eastern section of

the Cooley peninsula in the north, to the western boundary of the county, Drogheda in the south and the Irish

Sea in the east. Over the past number of years, this area has been subject to increasing pressure for

development of one-off rural housing and other commercial and industrial type developments due to proximity

to Dublin and access to the M1 motorway. This area is extensively farmed and contains some of the finest

agricultural land in the county.

It is an objective of this Plan, from both social and economic perspectives, that agricultural activity and local

communities should be protected and permitted to develop and prosper in this area. This area also affords

opportunities for certain resource based and location specific developments and critical infrastructure projects

of significant regional or national importance. Such development proposals will be subject to the provision of

adequate environmental and landscape protection and the provisions of the Interchange Strategy.

Policy

RD 38 To permit limited one-off housing*, extensions to existingauthorised uses and farmyards, institutional and educationalfacilities, sports and recreation, tourism, (excluding holidayhomes), leisure and recreation related projects and renewableenergy schemes.

RD 39 Multi-unit residential, large scale industrial and commercialdevelopments, or other developments of similar scale or nature,would not be considered appropriate within this zone.


*The qualifying criteria in respect of one-off rural housing are set out in Chapter 4.

Policy

RD 40 To consider developments falling within the followingcategories; limited one-off housing*, agricultural developments;developments to be used for leisure, recreation and tourism;holiday accommodation including cottages and lodges wherethese are part of an existing or proposed integrated tourismcomplex; hotels/ guest houses / B & B’s; extensions to existingauthorised commercial and industrial developments; diversifiedagricultural activity and farm enterprises; renewable energyschemes, public utility infrastructure, certain resource based andlocation specific developments of significant regional ornational importance and critical infrastructure projects.

RD 41 Multi-unit residential, conventional industrial and commercialdevelopment appropriate to existing settlements, developmentsdirectly adjacent to rural motorway interchanges would not beconsidered appropriate within this zone.


87

Zone Strategic Objective

1 To preserve and protect the natural unspoilt physical landscapes.

2To protect the scenic quality of the landscape and facilitate development required to

sustain the existing rural community.

3 To protect the recreational and amenity value of the coast.

4To provide for a greenbelt area around the urban centres of Dundalk, Drogheda

and Ardee.

5

To protect and provide for the development of agriculture and sustainable rural

communities and to facilitate certain resource based and location specific

developments of significant regional or national importance. Critical infrastructure

projects of local, regional or national importance will also be considered within

this zone.

� TABLE 3.3 Strategic Objectives for Development Zones 1 to 5

3.10.6 Summary of Strategy Objectives for Development Zones 1 to 5

Table 3.3 sets out in summary the strategic objectives for the five Development Zones as set above.

L OU TH COUN T Y D e v e l o p m e n t P l a n 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 5

89

4.1 IntroductionThe aim of this chapter is to confirm the settlement hierarchy within the county, promote sustainable

residential development within existing towns and villages and to make provision for sustainable housing in

the rural areas of the county.

The policies as set out in this section of the Plan seek to build upon the provisions of the County

Development Plan 2003 - 2009 while having regard to national and regional policy and guidelines.

Chapter Four

Settlement Strategy

Over the period of the previous plan, there has been

huge pressure for residential development in the

towns and villages of County Louth, including

demand for one-off houses in the countryside. The

availability of more affordable housing in County

Louth in comparison to other areas closer to Dublin

city, together with enhanced transport infrastructure,

has resulted in the generation of considerable

commuter traffic to the capital.

The settlement strategy set out in the Plan

acknowledges the primary positions of Dundalk and

Drogheda at the top of the settlement hierarchy. The

Plan seeks to prioritise sustainable residential

development in these towns and their environs, so

that they may achieve critical mass and enhance their

capacity to attract new investment and employment,

services and improved public transport.

The settlement strategy also seeks to guide the

sympathetic development of Ardee, Dunleer and other

rural towns, villages and settlements in a fashion that

will promote sustainable forms of development, that is,

consistent with the proper planning and sustainable

development of the county and with the National

Spatial Strategy and the Regional Planning

Guidelines. In this regard, it is considered important

that development permitted within the towns and

villages of the county is commensurate with their

existing populations and their position within the

settlement hierarchy and does not result in an excessive

or disproportionate level of development.

Chapter 4 Settlement Strategy

It is considered that the level of rural housing that continues to be permitted within the county, in addition to

its impact on the countryside, has a potentially detrimental effect on the viability of existing settlements. This

section sets out a settlement strategy based on sustaining a vibrant network of settlements across a range of

urban and rural locations throughout the county that is economically, socially and environmentally sustainable.

4.2 Population DistributionCounty Louth is the most urbanised county in the state outside of Dublin. The 2006 census figures confirm

that 65% of the population of the county is classified as urban and 35% classified as rural. The census

definition of urban is, ‘settlements of 1,500 persons or more’. Therefore, the towns of Dundalk, Drogheda,

Ardee and Dunleer are within the urban definition while all other towns and villages are deemed to be rural.

Table 4.1 shows the distribution of the population in the county vis-à-vis the urban and rural divide as

per the census classification. It also illustrates the dominance of Dundalk and Drogheda within the

settlement hierarchy.

� TABLE 4.1 Population Distribution in County Louth

4.3 Settlement HierarchyIn Louth County Development Plan 2003 - 2009, a clearly identifiable four tier settlement hierarchy was set

out composed of both of urban and rural settlements. It is considered appropriate, where feasible, to make

provision in the Plan for the upgrading of a number of Category II Settlements by the provision of public

drainage facilities. The revised settlement hierarchy which contains an additional level is set out in Table 4.2.

The settlement hierarchy is based on factors such as size of population, range of services, the extent and range

of community and other facilities available.

Settlements Population distribution within county

Dundalk and Drogheda 58%

Ardee and Dunleer 7%

Rural towns, villages and countryside 35%

� TABLE 4.2 Settlement Hierarchy

*In the previous plan, Tinure was placed at Level 3. However due to constraints in piped services which restrict thedegree to which it can develop, it is considered to be more aptly placed at Level 5 in the settlement hierarchy.


91

Policy

SS 1 To maintain the settlement hierarchy within the county and toencourage residential development within each settlement that iscommensurate with its position in the hierarchy and the availabilityof public services and facilities.

Level Settlements

1 Dundalk and Drogheda.

2 Ardee and Dunleer.

3

Anagassan, Castlebellingham/Kilsarn, Carlingford, Clogherhead, Collon,

Dromiskin, Knockbridge, Louth Village, Omeath, Tallanstown,

Termonfeckin/Baltray, Tullyallen.

4Ballapousta, Darver, Grange, Gyles Quay, Kilcurry, Kilkerley, Lordship,

Mountbagnal, Ravensdale I, Sandpit, Stabannon.

5

Ballagan, Bellurgan, Benagh, Dillonstown, Dromin, Faughart Lower,

Fieldstown/Brownstown I, Fieldstown/Brownstown II, Grange Irish,

Grangebellew, Glenmore, Greenore, Mansfieldstown, Muchgrange,

Mucklagh, Philipstown (Collon), Rathcor, Ravensdale II, Reaghstown,

Sheelagh, Tinure*, Willville.


4.3.1 Level 1: Dundalk

The urban area of Dundalk and environs, with a

population of 35,000, is designated as a gateway in

the NSS and as such, it is anticipated that it will grow

to a level where it can support a wide range of

services and facilities that will provide higher levels of

economic activity, growth and development.

Occupying a strategic position approximately half

way between Belfast and Dublin, Dundalk is also the

administrative capital of County Louth. It contains

not only the offices of the County Council, but also

the regional offices of the IDA, Enterprise Ireland,

FÁS and the offices of the County Enterprise Board.

The town contains a highly regarded third level

educational institution, namely the Dundalk Institute

of Technology (DkIT).

Ongoing infrastructure improvements including road,

rail, telecommunications and broadband services

provide excellent connectivity with Dublin, Drogheda,

Newry, Navan and the NSS hub towns of Cavan and

Monaghan. The council sees significant potential for

the growth of Dundalk and its environs and will

co-operate with Dundalk Town council to ensure that

the town reaches its population target of 60,000 and

fulfils its role as a designated gateway.

The council will also co-operate with northern

authorities in the interest of promoting development

in Dundalk and the north-east sub-region and to

promote projects that are mutually beneficial to

areas, north and south.

In 2003, Louth County Council and Dundalk Town

Council came together to prepare a single integrated

development plan for Dundalk and its environs. This

plan is currently under review and the council will

work in partnership with the town council to

implement the policies and objectives of the

development plan when adopted.

4.3.2 Level 1: Drogheda

Drogheda has been identified as a primary development centre in the NSS. Its population, as recorded in the

2006 Census of Population is 30,500. Over the last decade, the town has experienced significant growth

principally resulting from its location close to Dublin, the completion of the motorway and improvements to

rail commuter services.


93

While acknowledging Drogheda’s role as a commuter

town, the council is keen to support the policies and

objectives of the Drogheda Borough Council’s

development plan, particularly having regard to the

objective of developing the town as a self-sustaining

settlement providing employment opportunities for

its inhabitants and delivering economic benefits to

the surrounding hinterland. The council will work

closely with Drogheda Borough Council to ensure

that the expansion of the town into its northern

environs, which are located within the functional

area of Louth County Council, takes place in an

orderly and sustainable fashion that will support the

growth of Drogheda and not detract from the vitality

and viability of its town centre.

In 2004, the council prepared a local area plan for

the northern environs of Drogheda which provides

for the phased development of three new

neighbourhoods capable of accommodating an

additional population of 20,000 inhabitants. A

detailed master plan for the area was prepared in

2006 and adopted by the council as a variation of

the local area plan. To date, planning permission has

been granted for a total of 5051 new dwellings

within the northern environs area.

The local area plan also provides for the construction

of the northern cross port access route which will

have the positive effect of removing port related

heavy goods vehicular traffic from the town centre.


Policy

SS 2 To co-operate with Dundalk Town Council and DroghedaBorough Council in order to facilitate the development ofDundalk and Drogheda and to maintain their positions at thetop of the settlement hierarchy.

SS 3 To review, in partnership with Dundalk Town Council, theDundalk and Environs Development Plan 2003 – 2009 and tomake a new plan for the period 2009 - 2015.

SS 4 To investigate, together with Drogheda Borough Council andMeath County Council, the feasibility of preparing a unitarydevelopment plan for Drogheda incorporating both itsnorthern and southern environs when the current plan fallsdue for review.

4.3.3 Level 2: Ardee

The population of Ardee increased from 3,568 to

4,301 in the inter-censal period 2002 to 2006, an

increase of 20.7%. This was mainly as a result of

commuter-based demand for residential

development facilitated by the improved road

infrastructure. This demand is likely to continue,

albeit at a slower rate, given Ardee’s proximity to

the greater Dublin area.

The council considers that Ardee’s function as a

local service and employment centre within the

mid Louth area should be protected and enhanced.

Consequently, the growth of the town will be

managed in a manner that provides for gradual

expansion, in line with provisions of additional

employment opportunities, community facilities

and services.

The current local area plan for Ardee seeks to

promote consolidation and achieve a more balanced

growth towards the northern end of the town. This

local area plan will be reviewed upon the adoption

of the county plan.


95

4.3.4 Level 2: Dunleer

Dunleer is substantially smaller than Ardee. It had a population of 1,787 according to the 2002 census, rising

to 2,340 in 2006. This represents an increase of over 30% in this four year period. Similar to Ardee, this

increase was based on commuter generated demand and also facilitated by improved road infrastructure.

The Dunleer Local Area Plan aims to consolidate and strengthen Dunleer’s role as an important economic,

social, cultural, residential and service centre in the mid Louth area to cater for a population in the region of

3,500. The increased population of Dunleer will contribute to the critical mass within the catchments of both

Dundalk and Drogheda and should reduce the demand for dispersed one-off housing in the countryside

Policy

SS 5 To promote the development of Ardee as a medium sized town forurban strengthening to serve the needs of the local communityand drive development within the locality and to review theArdee Local Area Plan following the adoption of the County

Development Plan.

SS 6 To facilitate the growth of Dunleer to a population of 3,500 withassociated community, facilities, services and employmentopportunities and to review the Dunleer Local Area Plan followingthe adoption of the County Development Plan.


4.3.6 Level 4: Category II (a) Settlements

Category II (a) Settlements are settlements that have the potential of being provided with public waste water

treatment facilities. These settlements have identified core areas which are zoned for residential development

subject to the provision of public foul drainage. These settlements also contain areas which are not capable of

being economically serviced. Therefore permitted residential development in such areas will be on the basis of

individual waste water treatment systems. It is also considered that, given the extent of the development

boundaries of many of these settlements, it would not be in the interest of proper planning and sustainable

development to permit significant levels of residential development. The permitted density is as set out in Table

4.3 below. Maps of the Category II (a) Settlements are illustrated in Appendix 6.

� TABLE 4.3 Permitted Densities within Category || (a) Settlements

Policy

SS 7 To promote and facilitate limited development within CategoryI Settlements that is commensurate with the nature and extentof the existing settlement and to support their role as localservice centres.

SS 8 To review the local area plans for Category I Settlementsfollowing the adoption of the County Development Plan.

4.3.5 Level 3: Category I Settlements

Level three contains Category I Settlements and represents villages and towns with populations of fewer than

1,500. These contain a good range of services such as schools, churches and shops and are serviced by public

piped utilities. They have a high degree of self-sufficiency and the ability to cater for limited additional

residential development subject to capacity within the foul drainage system and public water supply. All of

these Category I Settlements are covered by local area plans which will be subject to review on the adoption of

the County Development Plan.

Density per hectare Density per acre

Core Areas 20 8

Outside core areas but inside

settlement boundary

Minimum site size of 0.2

hectare for each dwelling

Minimum site size of 0.5 acre for

each dwelling

4.3.7 Level 5: Category II (b) Settlements

Category II (b) Settlements are generally very small settlements with few if any community facilities and none

have public foul drainage. Given the lack of community facilities and the unlikelihood that these centres could

be economically serviced by piped utilities, it is the view of the council they are not capable of absorbing

significant amounts of additional residential development in a proper planning and sustainable manner.

The purpose of these settlements is to assist in satisfying rural generated housing needs within a structured

but low density environment as an alternative to the development of scattered one – off housing. Also, by

limiting development to county based local needs, these settlements are more likely to be affordable in a

restricted local market and would also afford individuals an opportunity to design and build their own home

in a rural area.

Permitted development within these settlements will be on the basis of individual wastewater treatment

systems, on minimum site areas of 0.5 acres and maximum floor areas of 220square metres. This is considered

necessary in order to protect the environment and preserve a degree of consistency in design and scale. Maps

of the Category II (b) Settlements are illustrated in Appendix 7.

4.4 County Based Local Area NeedsA county based local need refers to, the housing need of persons who are from County Louth or who

work within County Louth. In determining what constitutes a county based local need for Category II (a)

and II (b) Settlements, the council will take into consideration the applicant’s family, work, school and other ties

with the county as well as his or her accommodation needs.


97


Policy

SS 9 To provide for the construction of one-off type houses withinCategory II(a) and (b) Settlements in order to assist in satisfyingrural generated housing needs within a structured but lowdensity environment as an alternative to the development ofscattered one – off housing.

SS 10 To zone land within Category II (a) Settlements in identified coreareas, for small scale multi unit developments (not more than12 units per application) in accordance with the permitteddensity set out in Table 4.3 and pending the provision of publicfoul drainage.

SS 11 To restrict residential development within Category II (a) and (b)Settlements to that required to satisfy county based local needsand to apply an occupancy condition of 7 years in respect of alldwellings permitted.

SS 12 To allow a maximum of 6 units in any one planning applicationfor one-off type houses where public foul drainage isnot available.

SS 13 Where multi unit developments are permitted within the samelandholding, planning permission will not be granted for anyadditional units on the holding until the permitteddevelopment is fully completed and occupied.

SS 14 To limit the floor area of one-off type houses to not more than220 square metres.

SS 15 To protect and enhance community and recreational facilities.Applications which would result in the loss of areas of amenity,important biodiversity areas, community facilities or playingfields will not be considered favourably.

SS 16 To ensure that the design and arrangement of dwellings arecomplementary and reflect the existing character of thesettlement. In this regard applicants will be required todemonstrate that the proposal is consistent with the documentBuilding Sensitively and Sustainably in County Louth andparagraph 4.7 - Rural House Design and Siting Criteria.

4.4.1 Development Management Assessment Criteria for Category II (a)and (b) Settlements

In addition to compliance with the above policies, the council will have regard, inter alia, to the following

considerations:

� Retention of valuable man made and natural heritage features within their boundaries or environs.

� The use of traditional and sustainable materials that are consistent with the character of the settlement.

� Traffic safety implications.

� Impact on natural resources and landscapes.

� Siting of house - how house fits into the landscape and avails of shelter.

� Site suitability in terms of drainage.

� Suitable landscape proposal.

� Orientation so as to maximise heat and light from the sun.

� Sustainable energy uses.

� Flood risk considerations.

4.5 Rural HousingThe policy in relation to rural housing contained in the 2003–2009 plan was based on local needs which

required that applicants demonstrate that they were functionally or socially related to the rural community in

which the proposed site was located. There continues to be a strong demand for one–off houses in the

countryside as illustrated in Table 4.4 below.

� TABLE 4.4 Permitted One – Off Houses 2001 to 2008


99

YearOne-offhouses

2001 404

2002 380

2003 313

2004 473

2005 504

2006 480

2007 422

2008 387


When the figures from 2001 through to 2008 are combined, planning permission for a total of 3,363 one-off

houses was granted which is equivalent to a town with a population of 9,416 based on occupancy rate of 2.8

persons per dwelling.

Whilst the council acknowledges the role of rural housing in sustaining rural communities, it also recognises

that uncontrolled and excessive one-off urban generated housing in the countryside is not sustainable in the

long-term and accepts that measures need to be put in place to regulate this form of development. A concern

arises that if one-off rural housing is permitted at the current levels, then irreparable damage will be done to

the environment and the legitimate aspirations of those brought up in the countryside to continue to live

within their own communities will be jeopardised.

4.5.1 National Spatial Strategy 2002 (NSS)

The NSS recognises the long tradition of people living in rural parts of Ireland and promotes sustainable rural

settlement as a means of delivering more balanced regional growth. The Sustainable Rural Policy

Framework in the NSS has four broad objectives:

� To sustain and renew established rural communities and the existing stock of investment in a way that

responds to the various spatial, structural and economic changes taking place, while protecting the

important assets that rural areas possess.

� To strengthen the established structure of villages and smaller settlements both to support local

economies and to accommodate additional population in a way that supports the viability of local

transport, local infrastructure and services such as schools and water services.

� To ensure that key assets in rural areas such as water quality and the natural and cultural heritage are

protected to support quality of life.

� To ensure that rural settlement policies take account of, and are appropriate to local circumstances.

Furthermore, the NSS makes a distinction between demands for:

� Rural generated housing – housing needed in rural areas within the established rural community by

people working in rural areas or in nearby urban areas.

� Urban generated housing – housing in rural locations sought by people living and working in urban

areas, including second homes.

The NSS emphasises that, in general, and subject to good planning practice, rural generated housing needs

should be accommodated where they arise.

With regard to urban generated housing in the open countryside, the NSS identified four broad categories

of rural areas that require more tailored settlement policies in the development plan. The four areas identified

are as follows:

1. Rural areas under strong urban influence

2. Areas with a traditionally strong agricultural base

3. Structurally weak areas

4. Areas in which there are distinctive settlement patterns

4.5.2 Sustainable Rural Housing Guidelines 2005

The Sustainable Rural Housing Guidelines 2005 were drafted in the context of the rural housing policy set

out in the National Spatial Strategy. Expanding on the rural policy framework, these guidelines provide that:

� People who are part of the rural community should be facilitated by the planning system in all rural

areas including those under strong urban based pressure subject to good planning practice in matters

of location, siting, design and the protection of environmentally sensitive areas and areas of high

landscape value.

� Anyone wishing to build a house in rural areas suffering persistent and substantial population decline

should be facilitated.

� The development of the rural environs of the major urban areas, including the gateways and hubs as

identified in the NSS and other larger towns over 5000 in County Louth has significant deposits of

high grade stone, sand and gravel quarries, with substantial building sand reserves in the Cooley area.

The council is aware that where such resources exist there will be a demand for their extraction.

The council will facilitate the recovery of this important resource subject to the overall protection

of the environment population need to be carefully managed in order to ensure their orderly

development and their successful functioning in the future.

In a national context, all of County Louth falls within ‘rural areas under strong urban influence’ as defined by

the NSS by reason of its proximity to Dublin and its strong urban structure.

The challenge therefore facing the council in terms of one-off or dispersed rural housing is to ensure that rural

generated housing as defined in the NSS and the Sustainable Rural Housing Guidelines is accommodated

in rural areas while protecting such areas from the increasing demand for urban generated rural housing. This

challenge is exacerbated by the pressures deriving from the county’s close proximity to Dublin and the quality

of both rail and road infrastructure.

4.6 One-Off Rural Housing PolicyOne-off housing refers to individually designed, detached houses primarily located on large unserviced sites in

the open countryside. The overriding aim of the council’s approach to one-off houses in the countryside is

guided by the Sustainable Rural Housing Guidelines. This approach seeks to accommodate, within rural

areas, people who are functionally or socially part of the rural community and to resist demand for urban

generated housing in the countryside.

4.6.1 Local Needs

In order to protect the rural areas of the county from excessive urban generated housing, the council considers

it necessary to retain the local needs provision as recommended in the document Sustainable Rural Housing

Guidelines. In the interest of clarity and fairness it is proposed to extend the local needs provision across the

entire rural area of the county irrespective of which development zone the proposed development is located.


101

4.6.2 Qualifying Criteria

Applicants for one-off rural housing will be required to demonstrate compliance with at least one of the

following criteria.


Qualifying Criteria

1

That they have lived for a minimum period of 10 years within the local area in

which they propose to build, do not already own a house or have not owned a

house within the rural area of the county for a minimum of 5 years prior to

making an application,

2

That they are the son or daughter of a qualifying landowner, or niece or

nephew of a childless single person or childless couple of a qualifying

landowner. For the purposes of this provision, a qualifying landowner is where

the land has been in family ownership for a minimum of 25 years. One house

only shall be granted in the case of a niece or nephew,

3

That they own or operate a rural based enterprise and are proposing to build

on a site immediately adjacent or within the boundaries of that enterprise

or that they are employed in a rural based service that supports the local

rural community and there is a specific functional need to live at the site

of their work,

4

That they are required to live in a rural area for exceptional health reasons. Such

applications must be accompanied by a medical consultant’s report and

recommendation outlining the reasons why it is necessary for the applicant to

live in a rural area and also be supported by an appropriate disability

organisation of which the applicant is a member,

5

That the applicant is providing care for an old person(s) or a person(s) with a

disability who live in an isolated rural area and who does not have any able

bodied person residing with them. One house only will be allowed on this basis

and the site must be adjacent to the dwelling in which the older person(s) or

person(s) with the disability resides.

or

or

or

or

4.6.3 Local Area

In addition to establishing criteria for local needs qualification, it is also considered necessary to have a clear

definition of ‘local area’ in order to implement the rural housing policy. For the purposes of this plan, local area

is defined as ‘being a radius of four kilometres from the qualifying family residence. Where the

qualifying area is reduced by reason of its location, for example, proximity to the coast, county

boundaries or development zone boundaries, the four kilometre radius may be extended to include

an area equivalent to the area lost’.

Policy

SS 17 To permit rural generated housing in order to support andsustain existing rural communities and to restrict urbangenerated housing in order to protect the visual amenities andresources of the countryside.

SS 18 To ensure that the proposed development is consistent with thestrategic objective for the development zone in which it islocated as outlined in Table 3.3 of this Plan.

SS 19 To require that the design and siting of the proposed house issuch that it does not detract from the rural character of thelandscape or the visual amenities of the area. In this regard,applicants will be required to demonstrate that the proposal isconsistent with the document Building Sensitively and

Sustainably in County Louth and the guidelines contained insection 4.7 of this chapter.

SS 20 To require that applicants for one-off houses in the countrysidedemonstrate compliance with the qualifying criteria as detailedin paragraph 4.6.2.

SS 21 Applicants, who qualify to build within a rural area on the basisof residency within development zone 5, will not be deemed toqualify to build within any other development zone.

SS 22 To apply a presumption against granting planning permissionwithin development zones 2, 3 and 4 where there is analternative site available in zone 5.

SS 23 To attach an occupancy condition of 7 years in respect of allplanning permissions for new dwellings in rural areas.


103

4.6.4 Development Management Assessment Criteria for One-Off Rural HousingIn addition to compliance with the above rural housing policy, the council will have regard, inter alia, to the

following considerations in assessing all applications for one-off rural houses:

� The number of existing houses and permissions granted in the vicinity of the site.

� The number of houses developed and granted permission on the landholding.

� The quality and capacity of the road network serving the site.

� Breaking the skyline and visual impact.

� Existing hedgerows and trees which would be affected by the proposed development.

� Use of materials which are traditional and indigenous to the area as far as practical.

� Proximity to local services such as schools and shops.

� Proximity to public transport and degree of car dependency.

� Impact on farming practice and rural based activities.

� Traffic safety.

� Impact on natural resources and landscapes.

� Siting of house, how house fits into the landscape and avails of existing natural shelter.

� Site suitability in terms of drainage and compliance with EPA guidelines.

� Suitable landscaping proposals.

� Orientation so as to maximise heat and light from the sun.

� Sustainable energy uses.

� Flood risk considerations where apparent.

� Regard to policies TC 5 to TC 8 in relation to road infrastructure where appropriate.

4.6.5 Clustered Housing DevelopmentsClustered development of 2, 3 or 4 rural houses may be considered on appropriate sites. Cluster means to

bunch or crowd together. In terms of rural housing, it should reflect a traditional ‘clachan’ type layout where

the houses are positioned in an adhoc manner, not regimented or suburban in character, and are accessed by a

‘rural type’’ lane where footpaths and public lighting will not normally be required.

An outline application for cluster development should be accompanied by a design brief, including sketches of

proposed dwellings, details of size, footprint, form, arrangement and orientation and a photomontage of their

setting. Proposed dwellings should illustrate conformity in design and materials but should not be identical. In

order to facilitate a clustering effect, site areas should be 0.2 hectares (0.5 acres) and dwellings should have a

maximum floor area, including any extensions, of 220 square metres.

Applications for permission and permission consequent must be made on an individual house basis by

the intended occupier who shall be subject to the qualifying criteria for one-off houses as set out in

paragraph 4.6.2.


Policy

SS 24 To only permit clustered development of 2, 3 or 4 dwellingswhich reflect a traditional ‘clachan’ type layout, which can beincorporated into the landscape in an unobtrusive, discreetmanner and be accessed by a rural style lane.

SS 25 To require that any dwelling permitted within a clustereddevelopment has a site area of 0.2 hectares (0.5 acres) and amaximum floor area, including any extensions thereto, of220 square metres.


105

4.6.6 Replacement Houses

There will be a presumption against the demolition

of vernacular dwellings where restoration or

adaptation is a feasible option.

Replacement dwellings will only be considered where

the roof, external and internal walls are substantially

intact and where the structure was last used as

a habitable dwelling. Sites on which replacement

dwellings are sought tend to be naturally secluded

with mature landscaped settings. Hence, the

replacement dwelling should incorporate the

footprint of the replaced house in order to avail

of existing landscape features and vegetation,

thus enabling the new development to be

accommodated and absorbed in the landscape in

an unobtrusive manner.

4.6.7 Refurbishment of Existing Dwellings and Vernacular Buildings in Rural Areas

The stock of traditional vernacular houses in County

Louth, including thatched houses, has decreased

alarmingly in recent years. Whilst not perhaps

affording the standard of accommodation required

by the current generation, these homes are an

integral part of the heritage of the county and

should be retained. They usually occupy mature,

well secluded settings and as such, sit very

comfortably within the landscape. With carefully

designed extensions and sensitive restoration, these

houses can be brought up to a standard capable of

meeting modern day demands. Hence, the council

will encourage applicants and owners along this

path in the interests of preserving Louth’s valuable

vernacular heritage.

Policy

SS 26 To apply a presumption against the demolition of vernaculardwellings where restoration or adaptation is a feasible option.

SS 27 To permit a replacement dwelling only where the existingdevelopment is deemed unsuitable for restoration but wherethe roof, external and internal walls of the existing dwelling issubstantially intact and where the structure was last used as ahabitable dwelling.

SS 28 To restrict the floor area of the replacement dwelling to amaximum of 200 square metres or an additional 25% of thefootprint of the existing house, whichever is the greater.

SS 29 To require the replacement dwelling to incorporate thefootprint of the replaced house in order to avail of existinglandscape features and vegetation.


4.6.8 Accommodation for Dependent Relatives

The demand for accommodation to meet the needs of older people and dependent relatives will inevitably

increase due to the rise in average life expectancy. This has led to a demand for custom built extensions to

family dwellings or the conversion of garages or other structures within the curtilage for this purpose. The

council sees considerable merit in this form of accommodation for older and dependent people and will

favourably consider any such proposal subject the following criteria.

Accommodation for dependant relatives by way of extension to the existing dwelling shall:

� Be attached to the existing dwelling

� Be linked internally with the existing dwelling

� Not exceed a gross floor areas of 50 square metres

� Not have a separate access provided to the front elevation of the dwelling

Where it is proposed to convert and/or extend an existing garage or outbuilding within the curtilage for this

purpose, planning permission will depend on whether the development provides a modest scale of

accommodation only and that the unit remains in the same ownership as that of the existing dwelling on the

site. Where an extension to an existing garage or outbuilding is required in order to provide a satisfactory level

of accommodation, the existing and proposed additional floor area shall not exceed 50 square metres.

Proposals must also accord with normal planning considerations such as the ability of the site to accommodate

the unit, compliance with environmental standards, septic tank requirements, drainage, water and amenity.

Policy

SS 30 To encourage the sensitive refurbishment of existing vernacularbuildings in the interest of preserving the built heritage ofCounty Louth.

SS 31 To ensure that the design of the proposed refurbishment doesnot erode the siting and setting and the character of theexisting building.

SS 32 To ensure that the design, scale and materials used in therefurbishment are in keeping and sympathetic with the originaldwelling and the size of any extension does not exceed 100% ofthe existing floor area.

SS 33 To require that mature landscape features are retained andenhanced, as appropriate.


107


4.6.9 Site Size

It is not only the number of one-off dwellings in the countryside that has a negative impact on the character of

rural areas but also their size and design. The favourable economic conditions and increased incomes over the

past decade have resulted in a demand for much larger houses, many with floor areas exceeding 400 square

metres. These larger houses, many of which are poorly designed and located on restricted sites, are very

obtrusive and damaging to the rural landscape and environment.

In the County Development Plan 2003 - 2009, the council considered it necessary to relate the size of the

house to the area of the site. However the restriction applied has not proved sufficient to lessen the impact of

larger houses being built in rural areas. Therefore new site size requirements, as set out in Table 4.5 below,

have been introduced.

� TABLE 4.5 House Size and Site Area Ratio

Policy

SS 35 To require that the minimum site areas as set out in Table 4.5are provided for one-off rural houses relative to the total floorarea of the house.

House size insquare metres (m2)

Minimum sie sizein hectares

Minimum site sizein acres

200 or under 0.2 0.5

200 to 300 0.6 1.5

300 to 400 1.2 3.0

400 plus 3.0 7.4

Policy

SS 34 To facilitate the provision of accommodation for older peopleand dependant relatives within the curtilage of the existingfamily home subject to the compliance with the above criteria.


109

4.6.10 Ribbon Development

The visual amenity of many areas throughout the rural parts of the county, and especially in locations adjacent

to settlements, has suffered greatly by the creation of ribbon development. In addition to damaging the

appearance of rural areas, this type of development also detracts from the setting of towns and villages and

can result in road safety issues.

Having regard to the Sustainable Rural Housing Guidelines 2005, ribbon development is defined as ‘four

or more houses in a continuous row along a public road’.

4.6.11 Infill Development

Infill development is described as development that takes place within a small gap between existing

developments. The Sustainable Rural Housing Guidelines 2005 require consideration to be given to the

degree to which a proposal might be considered infill, the degree to which existing development would be

extended or whether distinct areas of ribboning would coalesce as a result of infill development.

Policy

SS 38 To permit infill development where a small gap sufficient toaccommodate one house only, within an otherwise substantialand continuously built up frontage.

SS 39 To apply a presumption against development that wouldexacerbate ribbon development by extension or leading to thejoining up of existing developed areas along public roads.

Policy

SS 36 To prevent the creation of ribbon development by notpermitting more than four houses in a row along any publicroad. A minimum gap of 400 metres shall be maintainedbetween such developments.

SS 37 To preserve a clear break of a minimum of 400 metres betweenthe boundary of existing settlements and any permitteddevelopment along adjoining roads.


4.6.12 Extensions to Dwellings

Where additional accommodation is required, an

extension to an existing dwelling often affords a

more sustainable approach than the construction of

a new dwelling. Proposed extensions should

complement the original building, where applicable

harmonise with adjoining properties and not have

an undue adverse impact on the visual amenities of

the area. While the council will have regard to

special housing needs, such as the housing needs of

extending families and people with disabilities,

extensions which are out of character, proportion or

not incidental to the main dwelling will not be

considered favourably. The size of any extension

should be proportional to and in keeping with the

character of the existing structure.

Policy

SS 40 To limit the size of extensions to not more than 100% of thefloor area of the original dwelling subject to the compliancewith the house size and site area requirements as set downin Table 4.5.

SS 41 To apply a presumption against development that wouldexacerbate ribbon development by extension or leading to thejoining up of existing developed areas along public roads.

4.6.13 Access

Safe access to any new housing development must be provided, not only in terms of the visibility from a

proposed entrance but also in terms of the impact on existing road traffic, through generation of stopping and

turning movements.

All applications will be required to show, at a minimum scale of 1:500, how the required visibility standards

appropriate to the class of road as detailed in table 8.4 of the Plan, can be met. Where compliance with these

standards can only be met by removing large stretches of roadside hedgerow, ditches or stone boundaries,

consideration should be given to an alternative site in the interest of protecting the landscape character and

visual amenity of the area.

Policy

SS 42 To require applicants to demonstrate compliance with theappropriate visibility and traffic safety standards as set downin table 8.4 of the Plan.

SS 43 To require that new accesses are located so as to minimise theimpact on existing roadside boundaries.


111

4.6.14 Garages

There is an increasing demand for larger garages,

often incorporating first floor accommodation.

Some resemble industrial and commercial buildings

complete with roller shutter doors while others

resemble dwellings that are complete with curtains

and blinds. In essence, this has resulted in structures

which have a very significant visual impact in the

rural landscape and add to the scale and bulk of the

dwelling. In order to protect the landscape character

of rural areas from the combined visual impact of

houses and garages and to protect the residential

amenities of adjoining dwellings, the council

considers it necessary to limit the size and scale of

domestic garages.

Garages or other domestic structures should normally

be separate from the house and sited in such a

manner as to reduce visual impact. Garages integral

to the dwelling will be subject to the maximum floor

area of 25 square metres. Detached garages shall not

exceed 50 square metres in floor area, 4.5 metres to

ridge height and external walls and roofing materials

shall match those of the dwelling. Toilet facilities or

floor space within roof areas shall not be provided.

The use of garages shall be restricted to parking of

private vehicles and storage incidental to the

enjoyment of the dwelling house within the curtilage

in which it is sited.

Policy

SS 44 To limit the size and scale of domestic garages to 50 squaremetres in order to reduce the combined visual impact of thehouse and garage on the character of the landscape and toprotect the amenities of adjoining residential property.

SS 45 To restrict commercial or other uses which are not compatiblewith residential amenity.

4.6.15 Roadside Boundaries

The protection of the rural landscape, wildlife and the dense network of hedgerow boundaries are very

important to landscape protection, biodiversity conservation and environmental sustainability. It is

recognised that the accumulated effect of the removal of hedgerows to facilitate one-off houses in rural

areas can result in a very significant loss of habitats, flora and fauna and detract seriously from the aesthetic

value of the landscape.

Normally, there is some alteration and removal of roadside hedgerows and ditches required as part of

development, in order to provide an access. Such alterations are often essential in the interest of road safety

and in achieving sightlines at entrances. While road safety is of paramount importance, it is also important to

strike a balance between these two issues. Too often, however, it has been the practice to remove all roadside

hedgerows and ditches just to enable the new dwelling to be seen and to facilitate the construction of

inappropriate boundary walls and entrances.

Planning permission may not be considered favourably where excessive lengths of roadside hedgerow or trees

need to be removed to facilitate the development. Any planting required shall be carried out concurrently with

the development of the dwelling or in the first planting season following commencement of works on site.

4.6.16 Wastewater

Groundwater and surface water are vulnerable and can easily be contaminated from the disposal of effluent

from wastewater treatment systems. Concentrations of treatment systems in areas add to this risk. Therefore,

applicants shall satisfy the council that the method of disposing of wastewater whether by means of a

conventional septic tank and percolation area or other wastewater treatment system, is fully in compliance

with the guidelines and requirements of the Environmental Protection Agency Guidelines for Individual

Wastewater Treatment Systems and meets with the policies and criteria as set down in Chapter 10

Environment of the Plan.

Policy

SS 46 To require that new accesses are located having regard to bothroad safety and the protection of existing roadside hedgerows,trees and boundaries.

SS 47 To require, where it is necessary to modify or remove theexisting roadside boundary in the interest of traffic safety, thatthe existing boundary is translocated behind the visibility sightline or that a new boundary consistent with the nature andcharacter of the area is planted behind the visibility sightline.



113

4.7 Rural Housing Design and Siting Criteria

Policy

SS 48 To protect groundwater and surface water from contaminationfrom domestic effluent by ensuring that all sites requiringindividual waste water treatment systems are assessed bysuitability qualified persons in accordance with therecommendation contained in the Wastewater Treatment

Manuals - Treatment Systems for Single Houses, published by theby the Environmental Protection Agency, 2000.

and maximising sunlight for light and warmth.

This has resulted in much exposed and prominent

development which in addition to being

unsustainable in terms of energy use, has also

detracted from the visual attractiveness of many

areas of rural Louth. Many modern houses are

positioned on site ‘to be seen’ and appear to

have been ‘dropped’ into rural landscapes from

an urban setting.

A great deal can be learnt from examination of

traditional methods of site layout which appear

more integrated in the landscape. Less sensitive

sites can take much more individualistic houses,

whereas, more prominent or sensitive sites require

greater skill and care.

Landscapes in County Louth vary greatly from

uplands areas in the northern and southern ends

of the county, the rolling farmlands of mid Louth,

Drumlin landscape towards the west of the county

and exposed coastal landscapes. Variations in

vernacular house design in the past were normally

a direct response to the local environment.

In the past, buildings were orientated to make best

use of shelter and sun, using natural features such

as the lie of the land, combined with hedgerows

and shelter belts to protect them from the elements.

In more modern times, with the advent of excavation

machinery and modern building materials and

methods, there has been much less importance

placed on the need for shelter from the weather


4.7.1 Site – Sensitive Design

Site sensitive design ensures that the new development appears visually integrated and sympathetic with its

surrounding landscape.

4.7.2 Build into the Landscape

Study the alignment and orientation of older houses in the area, such as the gable face westwards to the wind

in order to maximise shelter and reduce exposure. Choose the most sheltered part of the site selected.

Policy

SS 49 Applicants for one-off dwellings and houses in rural settlementsshall demonstrate how the proposed design and siting ofthe dwelling complies with the document Building Sensitively

and Sustainably in County Louth and the requirementsdetailed below.

1 All applications shall include full drawings, illustrations anddetails of all hard and soft landscaping associated with theproposed dwelling. These shall include all boundaryspecifications including those at the entrance to the site.

2 Where stone is proposed to be used for any element of thedwelling or its curtilage, the applicant must demonstrate to thecouncil that it is from the locality or that there is a consistency incolour that links it successfully with other stone structures,ditches, rock outcrops in the immediate vicinity.

3 Where shelter landscaping, new boundary planting and anyroadside planting form part of a development, these worksmust be carried out to the satisfaction of the planning authorityin the first planting season (November to April) followingcommencement of development on site.

� FIGURE 4.1 House Set into Landscape

� Use areas already sheltered by trees, hedgerows, ditches and walls.

� Build below the skyline.

� Look for a naturally occurring shelf and make use of natural folds on the landscape - set house

into landscape.


115

Shelter using the slope and tree planting Shelter from prevailing wind

Shelter from winds using building forms

� FIGURE 4.2 Breaking the Skyline

� FIGURE 4.3 Secluded Site

� FIGURE 4.4 Dwelling set into the Landscape

Shelter from winds using building forms:

� Set back from the road, retain the frontage

and other boundary hedgerows and

treatments.

� Create secluded and private gardens. Avoid a

‘sea’ of lawn. Suburban layouts and garden

treatments should be avoided. Rural gardens

should provide enclosure, privacy and semi-

wild habitats. Hedging to comprise native and

local species. Leylandii, conifers and pampas

grass are unsuitable.

� Avoid parking and manoeuvring areas to the

front and large platforms of tarmac. Place

driveway to the side or rear.

� Planting zones between path and house

softens appearance.



117

4.7.3 Build, Shape and Plant to create Further Shelter

� Use shelter planting which will also soften the form of the house in the landscape.

� Use enclosing walls together with outbuildings to create, define and shelter gardens and yards.

� Orientate the house to maximise daylight and solar gain in order to create a brighter home and reduce

fuel costs. 30% energy savings can be achieved if a house is orientated within 15 degrees of south.

Glazed south facing elevations capture the sun’s energy and limiting glazing on north elevations aids

heat conservation.

� FIGURE 4.5 Exploit the Sun

4.7.4 Presence in the Landscape - Scale and Form

� The scale of buildings must be appropriate to its setting. Single storey houses in uplands and coastal

areas are preferable where they are traditionally prevalent.

� The width of the dwelling frontage shall not exceed 14 metres for a two-storey, 18 metres for a single

storey or 20 metres where the roofline is broken or frontage is set back.

� The external gable depth shall not exceed 9 metres.

� Front elevations should not have any projections or returns other than a simple pitch roof storm porch

if desired. In the case of 2 storey dwellings, a porch projected to first floor if central may be considered.

� A large house requires a large site.

� Only use simple forms as illustrated:

� FIGURE 4.6 Simple Form

�

Complicated and alien forms as illustrated below should be avoided.

� FIGURE 4.7 Complicated and Alien Forms


a Low eaves

b Narrow plan

c

35 to 40 degree roof pitch except

where the gable depth is below 7.5

metres, then 45 degrees is acceptable

d Modest scale

e Vertical emphasis to gables

f Sturdy and solid

g Natural finishes

h Flat fronted

a High eaves

b Wide gables

c Low or no roof pitch

d Bulky and squat

e Awkward scale

fSynthetic finishes for example

hallmark and bradstone finishes

g Decorative and fussy frontages


119

4.7.5 Proportions

There are three essential factors:

1 Height of the building relative to its openings. Openings should exhibit a vertical emphasis.

Houses should be designed to minimise the distance between the top of the ground floor

windows and the sill of the top floor window.

2 A high solid-to-void relationship, that is, greater wall surface area than the area of windows

and door openings.

3 A simple, symmetrical arrangement of opening.

� FIGURE 4.8 Proportions

Good Proportions Poor Proportions

4.7.6 Materials

� Use materials and finishes that are traditional to the area and in keeping with the character of the

landscape.

� Stone used on ancillary ‘wings’ or on other elements such as garden or boundary walls can provide an

attractive contrast and help reduce the apparent size of the dwelling. Where it is proposed to use stone

on the dwelling or to construct boundaries, where possible it should be of the locality so that there is a

consistency in colour that links it successfully with other stone structures, ditches, rock outcrops in the

immediate vicinity. Stone alien in colour and type prevalent to the locality could appear incongruous

and will not be permitted.

� Inappropriate use of stone including random bits for facing effects, two-dimensional facing panels and

gable treatments and piers in stone walls is not considered appropriate.


4.7.7 Boundaries

Careful design can integrate new dwellings into the landscape, in particular where new vehicular openings in

roadside boundaries are integrated with existing boundary treatments. Natural boundaries are also invaluable

habitats for both plants and animals which contribute to the biodiversity of the county.

� Chose a site with at least two and preferably three existing boundaries, such as natural hedgerows or

stone walls, to soften the impact of the dwelling.

� Preference must be given to accessing sites off an existing laneway or sharing an existing access, as

an alternative to providing a new access directly off the road.

� New frontage should be incorporated carefully into existing roadside treatments using materials and

landscape treatments which are compatible with the location, such as banks, hedgerows and dry

stone work.

� Rendered stone walls, piers cast into oil barrels and diverse planting can create an -

enchanting entrance.

� Leave existing roadside hedgerows and ditches intact as much as possible. Carefully locate and shape

entrance to achieve the required sight distances. Minimise damage by locating the entrance, for

example, where the hedge is degraded and where sight lines can be achieved with minimal damage.

� Unsympathetic fencing, walls and planting should be avoided.

� Any sections of post and rail fencing and ranch style fencing will only be considered acceptable

where they are back planted with a hedgerow of mixed native species matching those in the vicinity

of the site.

� Within settlements, common roadside treatments should be provided.

� FIGURE 4.9 Roadside Frontage


121

The new opening should integrate into the existing roadside treatment. The most favourable point of access is

where an existing hedgerow is degraded, or a tree through age or condition requires removal.

All too often the opening appears as a gash in the hedgerow, filled in with an inappropriate boundary

enclosure such as concrete fencing.

Judicious design can minimise hedgerow and tree removal by carefully locating and shaping the entrance

gateway to achieve the required sightlines.


4.7.8 Details

Listed below are a number of design details which have important bearing on the appearance of rural houses.

� Minimal eaves avoiding box soffit and fascia.

� Avoid thick tiles on small roofs.

� Chimney breast should be internal, with the chimney stack positioned centrally on the ridge, preferably

at the gable end of the dwelling

� Carefully proportion chimneys - through and across the ridge line and flush with the gable.

� FIGURE 4.10 Chimney Detail

Inappropriately proportioned

and positioned

Appropriately proportioned

and positioned

Through and access the

ridge line

� FIGURE 4.11 Window arrangement

� The size, shape and arrangements of windows are important. The range of opening sizes should be

kept to a minimum and the shape of openings simple, with a vertical emphasis generally preferable to

horizontal. Windows should be centred either exactly on the axis of symmetry or purposely of it.

� FIGURE 4.12 Window Glazing

� Dormers are preferable on unseen roof slopes. Where used, simple wall plated dormers are preferred.

Slate, plaster or stained timber should be used for side cladding and PVC should be avoided.


123

Horizontal emphasis Vertical emphasis


� FIGURE 4.13 Dormer windows

� Flashings which allow roof lights to sit flush with the plane of the roof slope should be used.

� The design of doors to both house and garage should be simple. Mock Georgian, mock Tudor and PVC

should be avoided.

� Where porches are proposed they must be simple in form and detail. Suburban type porches or the use

of different materials is considered inappropriate.

� The shape of conservatories and extensions should be simple, consistent to the shape and in

proportion to the dwelling to which it is attached.

Inappropriate position and scale Appropriate position and scale


125

5.1 IntroductionDuring the years of the economic boom in Ireland, County Louth experienced considerable pressure for

residential development. During this period, much of County Louth effectively became part of a functional

urban region centred on the Greater Dublin Area which by 2006 accounted for almost half of the State’s

population. Also during the period, both road and public transport links between County Louth and the capital

were greatly improved. This contributed in part to the growth in population in the county of 17.1% between

1996 and 2006 and by an increase of 8.9% between the years 2002 and 2006. Population growth within the

county was boosted by in migration of just under 10% during this period.

Chapter Five

Residential and Community Facilities

Central Statistics Office population projections carried

out over the period of the previous plan have

indicated an implied assumption that significant

population increases will continue for the foreseeable

future. Whilst this could be a likely scenario, it should

be noted that the increase in population should not

be taken as a given. This Plan adopts a more

precautionary approach to population growth.

Historical experience has clearly illustrated that where

an unstable or negative global economic climate is

prevailing, as is likely during the period of the Plan,

population levels can dramatically fluctuate. There is

a risk that population and employment levels will

decline due to the economic downturn.

This chapter contains the council’s policy in respect of

housing needs and development up to 2015,

including details and policies in respect of community

and other infrastructure required to support existing

and new residential communities.

5.2 Louth Housing StrategyUnder Section 96 of the Planning and Development Act, 2000 and the Planning and Development

(Amendment) Act 2002, each local authority is required to prepare a housing strategy. The aims of the

housing strategy are to:

� Ensure that sufficient land is zoned and serviced to meet the housing needs of all sectors of the

population, both existing and anticipated.

� Establish the amount of land required under Part V for social and affordable housing.

� Ensure that there is a range of housing types and sizes available to meet the housing needs of

the community.

� Avoid social exclusion.

The Louth Housing Strategy was reviewed in 2007. It provides projected housing requirements up to 2013

and 2015. This review projected a net increase of 3,505 in the number of households within the county up to

2009 and an increase of an additional 6,824 up to 2015. Based on a population projection of 130,031 by

2015, which is consistent with the population projection for County Louth contained in Chapter 1 of the Plan,

there will be an annual requirement for 1,137 residential units up to 2015. However it should be noted that

this review was carried out prior to the current economic downturn and therefore the above projections may

require downwards adjustment.

The settlement strategy detailed in this Plan seeks to determine where the majority of these additional units

should be best located. There are however other factors including local housing requirements and market

forces that are likely to influence the delivery and location of new residential units over the Plan period.

The strategy has also identified that, given the amount of land already zoned for residential development

within the towns and villages of the county, sufficient land is available for residential purposes to adequately

accommodate anticipated increases in population. Whereas there is more than adequate land zoned for

residential purposes not all of it is serviced. It is estimated that an additional 155 hectares need to be

serviced by 2013.

Under Part V of the Planning and Development Act, 2000 as amended by the Planning and

Development (Amendment) Act 2002, the provisions of the Louth Housing Strategy shall apply to

relevant housing development taking place in the Plan area. Therefore the provisions of Part V will apply to

housing developments on all sites in excess of 0.1 hectares or more than 4 houses where the lands are zoned

residential or mixed use where residential is included. The housing strategy requires the transfer of completed

houses, serviced sites, a percentage of the site area or other land within the functional area of the planning

authority or a payment of an amount of money for the purposes of social and affordable housing in

accordance with the agreement between the developer and the council as provided for in the Act.

The number of units delivered under Part V up to the end of 2008 and the potential number of units for which

agreements are in place for housing developments currently under construction are contained in Table 5.1.

Chapter 5 Residential and Community Facilities

� TABLE 5.1 Part V Social and Affordable Housing

5.2.1 Residential Mix

Part V of the Act and the housing strategy require that there is a range of unit sizes and types to meet the

varied housing needs of all sections of the community. This is also necessary to avoid large homogenous

housing developments occupied predominantly by a single socio-economic group. In particular, the provision

of increased numbers of units for one or two persons, starter homes, affordable housing and units designed or

capable of easy adaptation for older people, people with disabilities and people with specific housing

requirements will be encouraged.

Where a mix of conventional housing and apartment developments are proposed, care should be taken to

ensure that the houses and apartments are complimentary to each other in terms of the design, proportions

and materials used.

Policy

RES 1 To apply the provisions of Part V and the LouthHousing Strategy to residential developmentsand mixed use developments where residentialunits are included.

RES 2 To secure greater social integration andpreservation of family and community tiesthrough the provision of an appropriate mix ofhouse type within residential areas inaccordance with the provisions of the Louth

Housing Strategy.


127

Social Affordable Total

Units provided 20 37 57

Potential Part V (Schemes

under construction)217 287 504


5.3 Social Housing5.3.1 Housing Programme

The council maintains a rented stock of 843 housing units. This is a significant increase from 498 units in 2003

and is a direct result of the accelerated building programme delivered by the council during this period. The

Housing Needs Assessment completed in March 2008 revealed that 644 applicants are in need of housing

compared to 276 in 2002. Off the 644 applicants on the housing list, the majority 371 were single people, 155

were single parents with children and some 118 couples with children.

Building programmes by the local authority are based on an allocation of new home starts from the

Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government on a four year multi-annual programme

basis. The Housing Action Plan 2008 –2012 sets out a social housing delivery program over that period

including capital allocation. It is subject to the prevailing budgetary situation at the time.

5.3.2 Affordable Housing Scheme

Under the Affordable Housing Scheme 1999, local

authorities are directly involved in the provision of

affordable housing units on council land. A total of

69 houses have been provided by the council under

this scheme up to February 2009. It is anticipated

that a further forty-one units will be added by the

end of 2009. Beyond that no definite proposals are

in the pipeline although the Housing Action Plan

has a target of twenty for 2010.

5.3.3 Rental Accommodation Scheme

The Rental Accommodation Scheme (RAS) is an

initiative introduced to cater for the accommodation

needs of people who are in receipt of rent supplement

for more than eighteen months and who have a long-

term housing need. In Louth at present there are

approximately 1500 people in receipt of rent

supplement of which approximately 740 are in receipt

for a period in excess of eighteen months. The scheme

is being administered by local authorities and is

intended to provide an additional source of good

quality rented accommodation for eligible persons and

to enhance the response of local authorities to meet

long-term housing need.

5.3.4 Social Housing Investment Programme 2009

In February 2009, the government issued the Social Housing Investment Programme – Licensing

Arrangements 2009. This scheme provides for local authorities to lease dwellings for periods of 10 to 20 years

from private developers and to rent houses so leased to qualifying applicants instead of the construction of

new local authority housing.

5.3.5 Voluntary Housing and Co-operative Sector

A number of voluntary housing organisations contribute to the social housing stock within the county. The

council recognises the valuable contribution made by the voluntary housing sector and will continue to co-

operate with such groups in the delivery of housing units in the county.

� TABLE 5.2 Voluntary Housing Output

Policy

RES 3 To implement the council’s Housing Action Plan.

RES 4 To implement the Rental Accommodation Scheme (RAS) and theSocial Housing Investment Programme 2009.

RES 5 To facilitate and co-operate with the voluntary housing and co-operative sector in the provision of social and affordable housing.

Housing Association Location Units

Foscadh Housing Association Collon 8

North and East Housing Association Tullyallen 11

Grange and District Housing Association Carlingford 12

St. John of God Ardee 2


129


5.3.6 Traveller Accommodation

The council is currently reviewing its Traveller Accommodation Programme for the period 2009 - 2013, in

accordance with the requirements of the Housing (Traveller Accommodation) Act, 1998. There are currently no

roadside travellers requiring accommodation in County Louth. The current programme envisages that

accommodation needs can be met through standard local authority housing.

5.4 Residential DevelopmentThe Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government has recently published a number of

guidelines in relation to residential developments. These include the following - Delivering Homes,

Sustaining Communities, Sustainable Urban Design Guidelines–Standards for Apartments 2007,

Quality Housing for Sustainable Communities and the Guidelines on Sustainable Residential

Development in Urban Areas and its accompanying Urban Design Manual.

The council will require that all residential developments comply with the Department’s guidelines in addition

to development management assessment criteria as set out below. In particular, the council considers that the

twelve assessment criteria grouped under the headings neighbourhood, site and buildings as detailed in the

Urban Design Manual are valuable as a guide to development and should be adhered to. These are set out in

Table 5.3.

Policy

RES 6 To meet accommodation needs of travellers by way of standardlocal authority housing.

� TABLE 5.3 Assessment Criteria Urban Design Guidance


131

Policy Issue Policy Issue Objectives

1. Context

To promote places that are locally

distinctive having regard to their setting

and context.

2. ConnectivityTo promote places that allow for ease of

movement, permeability and integration.

3. Inclusively

To promote places that are accessible

to all in terms of social integration,

provide physical access to all and

respond to local needs.

4. Variety

To promote places that contain a mixture

of viable uses and are able to respond to

local needs.

5. Efficiency

To promote places that make efficient use

of land and are designed to respond to

the challenge of climate change.

6. Distinctiveness

To promote places that build upon

existing site assets, have a clear identity,

are legible and easy to navigate.

7. LayoutTo promote places with layouts, streets

and spaces that are people friendly.

8. Public Realm

To promote public spaces that have

vitality, are safe and secure, attractive and

accessible to all.

9. AdaptabilityTo promote places that are designed to

be adaptable through time.

10. Privacy and amenity

To promote the design of buildings that

provide good standards of privacy and

amenity.

11. Parking

To promote the integration of car parking

in the urban environment in a way that is

well located, secure and attractive.

12. Detailed DesignThe design of the building should make a

positive contribution to the locality.

Neighbourhood Area

Site

Building


5.5 Master PlansMaster plans are a valuable tool in ensuring the sustainable development of large areas of land particularly

where such land is in multiple ownership. Master plans should be prepared by the applicant in consultation

with the council and should establish strategic planning principles for each area including phasing,

infrastructure provision, community facilities, density, layout, open spaces, landscaping and development

design brief.

The principles elements of master plans are detailed below. Whilst this checklist provides a guide to the

preparation of a master plan, it is not intended to be an exhaustive list. Therefore it is recommended that

applicants and designers engage in a scoping exercise with the council in advance of the preparation of master

plans in order to ensure that all relevant aspects of the proposed development are included. The agreed master

plan shall be submitted with planning applications for all areas falling within the master plan boundary.

5.5.1 Checklist for the Preparation of Master Plans

1 Is the master plan consistent with the policies and objectives the Plan? Where appropriate applicants

should have regard to policy in relation to infrastructure as set out by policies TC 5 to TC 8.

2 Is the master plan in compliance with the range of guidance documents issued by the Department of

Environment, Heritage and Local Government, with regard to design, density, the provision of

educational and other facilities and flooding.

3 Is the master plan and design brief reflective of the twelve key considerations set out in the Urban

Design Manual - A Best Practice Guide?

4 Does it establish an overall urban design framework for the development of the area including design

guidance on quality architectural treatments, respect to topography, urban structure and built form

consistent with the established character of the town and village?

5 Is an integrated infrastructure framework plan included for roads, cycle and pedestrian paths, bus

routes, public lighting and water services?

6 Have the principles of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) and water conservation measures

been incorporated?

Policy

RES 7 To require that new residential developments are consistentwith the DoEHLG guidelines and Urban Design Manual.

7 Has an audit of essential community facilities such as availability of school places, crèches and local

shops been carried and where deficiencies have been identified, has provision been made to address

these in the master plan?

8 Does it demonstrate how the development connects with the town or village centre, adjoining

residential neighbourhoods and planned employment areas, in terms of safe and accessible pedestrian

and vehicular linkages?

9 Does it contain a detailed design brief and guidance on the provision of high quality urban design and

built form consistent with or complementary to the established character of the town or village and

adjoining areas?

10 Does it include a comprehensive topographical survey setting out information on existing land form,

flora and fauna including trees, hedgerows and other natural and manmade features?

11 Has a landscape plan been included, including where practical the retention of natural and man made

features that give character to the area?

12 Does the master plan provide for the phasing of the development in spatial terms as well as the roll out

of essential social and physical infrastructure?

13 Does it provide for the integration of sustainable design and building methods which promote energy

conservation and efficiency?

5.6 Homezone PrinciplesHomezones can facilitate higher density development due to the provision of on street parking and by

designing the streets as attractive public spaces, thus reducing the requirement for private amenity for each

dwelling unit. As such they are most suitable for town and village centres and edge of centre sites. The

principles are however generic and therefore applicable across a range of instances and may be suitable in

certain circumstances, especially where higher density schemes are proposed.

Policy

RES 8 To require developers and landowners to prepare master plansto ensure integrated and coherent development of largescale developments


133


Homezones characteristics include:

1 Shared surface for vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists. A variety of surface treatments suited to a

pedestrian environment, trees, planting and street furniture. Bollards and street lighting should be

incorporated to afford pedestrian protection.

2 Features which require drivers to drive slowly such as speed bumps, ramps, chicanes, unclear junction

priorities and restricted carriageway widths designed for a normal peak flow in the region of 100

vehicles per hour.

3 Vehicle pathways should be not less than 3 metres with passing opportunities provided in the

carriageway at least every 50 metres.

4 Entrances clearly marked by localised signage and physical changes in the street surface.

5 High degree of permeability is important throughout the development therefore extensive use of

cul-de-sacs is not desirable.

6 Bus routes within comfortable walking distance in the range 100 to 200 metres.

7 One way streets are not encouraged due to the tendency for vehicle drivers to increase speed in

such areas.

8 Effective pedestrian and cycle desire lines should be provided.

9 Careful consideration of the requirements of people with mobility impairments including people with

physical disabilities, people with sensory impairment, parents with prams, young children and older

people. Special attention should be made to surface treatments.

10 Incorporation of a wide variety of housing design and development layout, including variations in

building lines, building heights, deviations in the width and alignment of vehicle paths, variety of

surface treatments and extensive use of street furniture and planting.

Policy

RES 9 To encourage the use of homezone design principles in thedesign of residential layout where appropriate.

5.7 Energy Performance of DwellingsThe EU Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD) contains a range of provisions aimed at

improving energy performance of residential and non-residential buildings, both new-build and existing. As

part of the Directive, a Building Energy Rating (BER) certificate, which is effectively an energy label, will be

required at the point of sale or rental of a building, or on completion of a new building.

The current minimum energy performance requirements for residential buildings are set out in the Second

Schedule to the Building Regulations 1997 (S.I. No. 497 of 1997). Amendments to these statutory

regulations came into effect from the 1st of July 2008, namely, the Building Regulations (Amendment)

Regulations 2007 (S.I. No. 854 of 2007). The provisions of these regulations be must be complied with.

The council will encourage both passive and active

solar design principles in residential developments in

the interest of energy conservation and the

reduction of green house gases. Passive solar design

refers to matters such as orientation, size of

openings and glazed areas, internal layout and

avoidance of overshadowing.

Active solar design does not rely on site orientation

or layout but is incorporated within building design

to maximise energy efficiency and includes the use

of technology such as solar panels, geothermal heat

pumps and wood pellet burners in conjunction with

very high levels of building insulation. In this regard

the council considers it appropriate that at least

25% of all residential energy requirements should

be obtained from renewal energy sources.

Policy

RES 10 To require that all residential units comply with improvedenergy ratings as set out under the amended Building

Regulations (S.I. No. 854 of 2007).

RES 11 To require applicants for residential developments todemonstrate that a minimum of 25% of the energyrequirements of the building is from renewable sources.


135


5.8 Housing Layout Guidelines

5.8.1 Layout

New residential layouts should have user friendly

designs to the forefront and high levels of

connectivity and integration with existing areas.

Thus excessively long cul-de-sac layouts should be

avoided. Development proposals should have

layouts which provide for and facilitate all forms of

movement with desire lines to create a permeable

interconnected series of routes that are easy and

logical to navigate around.

The housing units should be focused on the streets

and on creating active frontages by facing the front

door directly onto the street. The streets should be

designed as places where people live instead of just

roads, thereby helping to creating a suitable

environment whereby pedestrians, cyclists and

children have priority. Traffic calming measures

should be incorporated into the design and layout of

the development rather than by the retro fitting of

measures such as speed humps.

5.8.2 Security and Defensible Space

All proposals for new residential developments

should be in accordance with the principles of

defensible space. The key feature in defensible space

is the importance of designing layouts which provide

natural surveillance and some control over access

thus enhancing the perceived ownership of an area

by its residents.

Public lighting must be designed to ensure there are

no dark alleys or other un-illuminated public areas.

Housing should overlook car-parking areas and bus

stops. Designers are advised to liaise with the local

Garda at the early stage of designing the scheme in

order to secure advice in relation to the elimination

of aspects of the design that might give rise to anti-

social behaviour.

5.8.3 Flexibility

Housing should be designed so as to be flexible,

allowing for extensions to be built at a later stage.

Larger housing units designed to be split into

separate residential units or workspaces may be

acceptable to the council if such an option is

designed into the building at the outset. Appropriate

provision of car parking and concerns regarding

residential amenity would need to be addressed.

5.8.4 Access for all

In all proposals for new residential development,

adequate provision should be made to enable people

with mobility impairments to safely and

independently access and use a building. When

designing residential layouts, provision for movement

for people with mobility impairments should be

included at the design stage. Such provision should

provide reasonable access to open space, public

transport facilities and other public areas.

5.8.5 Lifetime Housing

Lifetime housing developments and units are

designed to accommodate the changing needs of the

groups, families and individuals who will occupy

them over the course of the house’s lifetime. These

needs will vary as each individual’s circumstances

change and the homes are designed to be inherently

flexible in this respect. Lifetime homes should be fully

physically accessible and easily adaptable at minimum

cost with minimum disruption. The principles of

universal, inclusive, barrier free design must be

demonstratively applied where possible.

5.8.6 Building Lines

The desirability of creating different urban forms will

require a more varied building line in order to reduce

the often regimented appearance of suburban

layouts. However, where there are established

building lines, particularly on infill development sites,

these should be respected.


137

Policy

RES 12 To ensure that a high degree of building flexibility isincorporated into the design of new dwellings within thecounty including adaptability to lifetime housing needs andprovision of accessibility for people with impaired mobility.

5.8.7 Bus Routes and Stops

Within larger new residential developments, care should be taken to permit full penetration by public transport

services when designing internal circular distribution routes. The overall layout should contribute to the

efficient and logical movement of buses around the area. Bus routes should be identified and included in

proposed layouts.

Careful consideration should be given to the provision of bus routes including the location of bus stops and

lay-bys. Bus stops should be provided in locations where the majority of dwellings are at a maximum distance

of 400 metres and should be located close to the main public road.

The design of surface treatments adjacent to bus infrastructure should highlight pedestrian needs and include

dropped kerbs, tactile surfaces and clear signage.

5.8.8 Pedestrian and Cycle Infrastructure

The building of new roads, road improvement schemes and new residential developments, presents

opportunities for the provision of pedestrian and cycle routes. Pedestrian and cycle routes should be as direct

as practicable between commercial and residential areas and major attractors such as shops, schools and other

community facilities, including public transport. There is a preference for segregated pedestrian and cycle

tracks where possible.

In order to reduce dependency on car usage, it will be necessary to improve facilities for pedestrians and

cyclists. The provision of better facilities for pedestrians and cyclists will encourage the use of more sustainable

forms of transport.

5.8.9 School Transport

Traffic congestion owing to journeys to schools has become a significant element in morning rush hour traffic.

In relation to existing schools, initiatives such as the “walking bus” and dedicated cycling routes could provide

safe and viable alternatives to the car.

Policy

RES 13 To require that master plans and planning applications forlarge scale residential developments identify bus routes andthe location of bus stops and lay-bys in such a manner as toensure that the majority of residents are no more than 400metres from a stop.

Policy

RES 14 To require that master plans and planning applications forresidential developments identify pedestrian and cycle pathswithin the site and externally to adjoining residential areas,existing services and community facilities.


5.9 Residential Standards

5.9.1 Density

The council recognises the benefits of increased residential density as recommended in the DoEHLG’s

Residential Density Guidelines for Planning Authorities 1999. The need for higher densities was based on

consideration for trends towards smaller average household sizes, the need to encourage the provision of

affordable housing and to support a more efficient use of energy in the residential developments. Sustainable

Residential Development in Urban Areas 2007 reviewed and revised the 1999 Residential Density

Guidelines, particularly with regard to appropriate densities in smaller towns and villages.

The revised guidelines recommend that for towns and villages with a population of less than 5,000, new

development should contribute to maintaining compact forms and its scale should be in proportion to existing

development. The guidelines also require that new development should provide for easy connectivity to

existing facilities especially by pedestrians and cyclists and that leap–frogging of development at some distance

from the existing built up area should be avoided.

Having regard to the DoEHLG guidelines on residential density and the need to maintain compact urban form,

residential development will comply with the density requirements set out in Table 5.5.

� TABLE 5.4 Residential Densities for Towns and Villages with populations of less than 5000.

These density guidelines will be applied and further refined as part of the review of the local area

plans of the towns and villages of the county.

Centrally located sites

Densities per hectares Note

30 +Mainly residential schemes or mixed use

schemes

Edge of centre sites 20-30

Include a variety of housing types –

detached dwellings, terraced and

apartment style

Edge of town and village 15-20

Densities lower than 15 units per

hectare will be considered provided that

this lower density does not represent

more than 20% of the total planned

housing stock and to reduce demand for

scattered one off housing.

Policy

RES 15 To ensure that provision is made for safe and viable alternativesto the car for school traffic such as the walking bus anddedicated cycling routes, in any major planned housingdevelopment and in town and village centres.


139

5.9.2 Private Amenity Space

The provision of an area of outdoor private amenity space, attaching or available to, each residential unit is

important for the quality of the residential environment. Therefore all new residential units will have access to

an area of private amenity space. In apartment and innovate layouts, private amenity space may be provided in

the form of shared private areas, courtyards, terraces, patios, balconies and roof gardens or any acceptable

combination of these.

� TABLE 5.5 Private Amenity Space Standards

Dwelling Unit Type Min. Private Open Space Standard( Square metres)

Houses - 1 and 2 bedroom

(Greenfield/suburban)60

Houses - 3 and above bedrooms

(Greenfield/suburban)80

Houses (Town Centre/brownfield) 50

Apartments/Duplexes

(Greenfield/suburban)

1 bedroom unit

2/3 bedroom unit

20

40

Apartments/Duplexes

(Town Centre/brownfield)

1 bedroom unit

2/3 bedroom unit 20

10

Policy

RES 16 To apply density standards in respect of the county’s towns andvillages as set out in Table 5.5 and to carry out furtherrefinement where necessary as part of the review of the localarea plans.



141

Where it is considered appropriate in the interests of protecting residential amenity, the council will

attach planning conditions requiring that certain categories of exempted development permissible within

the curtilage of a private dwelling will not take place. This may include domestic garages, sunrooms

and extensions.

5.9.3 Public Open Space

Qualitative Requirements

The provision of public open space within residential developments is a key requirement in the provision of

high quality residential areas. The basic principle governing public open space is that provision should be made

for both active and passive open space. Accordingly, open space networks should be an integral part of an

overall development and provide linkages to adjoining areas of residential and community facilities. Open

space networks should be organised along passive green linear parks, with pockets of active open space,

community facilities and schools located close to or along them.

In proposed developments public open space should be arranged to facilitate the retention of existing

landscape features, such as mature trees, hedgerows, biodiversity rich areas, streams, rivers and archaeological

remains. The provision of high-quality landscaping, including the provision of semi mature trees, should be an

integral part of any residential development. Finished levels for public open space relative to adjoining areas

and full details of hard and soft landscaping, play equipment and furniture should be provided as part of

planning applications.

Policy

RES 17 To require that private amenity space is in accordance with thequantitative standards set out in Table 5.6.


Passive surveillance, accessibility and linkages to other public open spaces, existing and proposed, should be

incorporated into the layout. Peripheral areas, narrow tracks, back land areas and poorly proportioned areas

will not be considered acceptable. No area of public open space should be less than 200 square metres in area

and no boundary shall be less than ten metres in length.

It is recommended that public open space should be provided in a variety of forms to cater for the active and

passive recreational needs of the community.

� Informal, flat kick-about areas

� Playgrounds for a specific age group, that is, local equipped play areas (LEAP) as specified by the

National Playing Fields Association for 4-8 year olds or a neighbourhood equipped areas for play (NEAP)

for 8-12 year olds.

� Circuit training facilities.

� Formal playing fields.

� Village greens in larger developments.

� Landscaped gardens.

� Small parks or natural parkland utilising existing and enhancing native flora and fauna.

� Seating and rest areas.

� Paved areas should be designed using sustainable urban drainage principles (SUDS).

Quantitive Standards

Table 5.7 sets down the quantitative standards for open space in residential areas.

� TABLE 5.6 Quantitative Standards for Public Open Space

*Where residential developments are in close proximity to public parks or other natural amenities or

in the town centre, a relaxation of the above standards may be permitted. Where open space

standards cannot be achieved, more intensive recreational facilities may be accepted by the council

in lieu.

Policy

RES 18 To require that the quantitative standards, as detailed in Table5.7, are provided as public open space in all new residentialdevelopments and that the qualitative requirements describedabove are adhered to.

RES 19 To ensure that no area of public open space is less than 200square metres in area and no boundary is less than 10 metresin length.

Minimum Percentage of the gross Site Area

Standard Requirement* 15 %

Institutional Lands 20 %

5.9.4 Car Parking Provision

Car parking provision is important particularly in low density suburban sites and less so within high density

sites in town centres or close to public transport facilities. Car parking spaces should be provided in accordance

to Table 5.8 below and designed to comply with the principles of passive surveillance.

� TABLE 5.7 Residential Car Parking Standards

*A relaxation of this requirement may be considered in certain town and village centre sites

where the applicant can demonstrate that there are satisfactory alternative transport modes

readily available.

The above standards are applicable in respect to both conventional housing, apartments and duplexes.

However, within town centres, where infill development is proposed, the above standards may be relaxed and

a financial contribution in lieu of the provision of car parking by the developer may be acceptable.

5.9.5 Privacy and Spacing between Buildings

The design and layout of a development should ensure sufficient privacy for its intended residents both within

the dwelling and within an area of garden close to each dwelling.

A distance of at least 22 metres is recommended between the windows of habitable rooms which face those

of another dwelling. In the case of windows of non-habitable rooms, within 22 metres of another facing

window, obscure glazing may be acceptable.

Roof terraces and balconies are not acceptable where they would directly overlook neighbouring habitable

rooms or rear gardens.

Where new buildings are located very close to adjoining buildings, the council may require that daylight and

shadow projection diagrams be submitted. The recommendations of Site Layout Planning for Daylight and

Sunlight: A Guide to Good Practice (B.R.E.1991) or B.S. 8206 Lighting for Buildings, Part 2 1992: Code

of Practice for Day lighting should be followed.

Policy

RES 20 To ensure residential car parking provision as set down in Table5.8 are adhered to.

Spaces per dwelling unit

Greenfield Sites/Suburban 2.0

Brownfield/Town Centre 1.0*


143


5.9.6 Internal Space Requirements

Recommended minimum internal space requirements for houses and apartments are set down in the DoEHLG

documents Quality Housing for Sustainable Communities 2007 and Sustainable Urban Housing: Design

Standards for New Apartments (2007). Internal space requirements and room sizes are primarily determined

by the uses of individual rooms and spaces. Living room and bedroom spaces should be well proportioned, in

terms of floor shapes and ceiling heights, so as to provide a good quality living environment for the occupants.

It is important that the standards should relate to floor areas of different types of apartments and make

provision for storage areas, balconies, patios and room dimensions. In line with the recommendations set out

in the guidelines, the Plan requires that the minimum requirements for apartment sizes should not be taken as

the norm and the majority of apartments in any scheme should exceed the minimum standard. It is considered

that this is a reasonable and necessary requirement to ensure that new apartment development will provide for

a sustainable and attractive living environment for future residents. In this regard, the Plan sets out the

following requirements:

Tables 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14 and 5.15 which are abstracted from the DoEHLG guidelines set out the

required space provision and room size requirements for typical dwellings and apartments. All proposed

residential developments should be designed to comply with these guidelines.


145

� TABLE 5.8 Space Provision and Room Sizes for Typical Dwellings

Dwelling TypeTarget GrossFloor Area

MinimumMain LivingRoom

AggregateLiving Area

AggregateBedroom Area

Storage

(m²) (m²) (m²) (m²) (m²)

Family dwellings for 3 or more persons (P)

4 bed / 7P House

( 3 storey)120 15 40 43 6

4bed / 7P House

(2 storey)110 15 40 43 6

4bed / 7P House

(1 storey)100 15 40 43 6

4bed / 7P

Apartment105 15 40 43 11

3bed / 6P House

(3 storey)110 15 37 36 6

3bed / 6P House

(2 storey)100 15 37 36 6

3bed / 6P House

(1 storey)90 15 37 36 6

3bed / 6P

Apartment94 15 37 36 10

3bed / 5P

(3 storey)102 13 34 32 5

3bed / 5P

(2 storey)92 13 34 32 5

3bed / 5P

(1 storey)82 13 34 32 5

3bed / 5P

Apartment86 13 34 32 9


Sources: Quality Housing for Sustainable Communities, Best Practice Guidelines for Delivering Homes Sustaining

Communities DOEHLG 2007

3bed / 4P House

(2 storey)83 13 30 28 4

3bed / 4P House

(1 storey)73 13 30 28 4

3bed / 4P


2bed / 4P House

(2 storey)80 13 30 25 4

2bed / 4P House

(1 storey)70 13 30 25 4

2bed / 4P


2bed / 3P House

(2 storey)70 13 28 20 3

2bed / 3P House

(1 storey)60 13 28 20 3

2bed / 3P


1bed / 2P House

(1 storey)44 11 23 11 2

1bed / 2P House

(1 storey)45 11 23 11 3

� TABLE 5.9 Minimum Floor Areas and Standards for Apartments

� TABLE 5.10 Minimum Aggregate Floor Areas for Living / Dining / Kitchen Rooms and

Minimum Widths for the Main Living / Dining Rooms

Note: An enclosed (separate) kitchen should have a minimum floor area of 6.5 sq.m. In most cases, the kitchen should have

an external window.

� TABLE 5.11 Minimum Bedroom Floor Areas and Widths

* Note. Minimum floor areas exclude built in-storage presses.

� TABLE 5.12 Minimum Aggregate Bedroom Floor Areas


147

Minimum Overall Apartment Floor Areas

One bedroom 45 sq m

Two bedrooms 73 sq m

Three bedrooms 90 sq m

Apartment Type Width of living /dining room

Aggregate floor area ofliving/ dining / kitchen area*

One bedroom 3.3m 23 sq m

Two bedrooms 3.6m 30 sq m

Two bedrooms 3.8m 34 sq m

Type Minimum width Minimum floor area

Single bedroom 2.1m 7.1 sq m

Double bedrooms 2.8m 11.4 sq m

Twin bedrooms 2.8m 13 sq m

One bedroom 11.4 sq m

Two bedrooms 11.4 + 13 sq m = 24.4 sq m

Three bedrooms 11.4 + 13 + 7.1 sq m = 31.5 sq m

� TABLE 5.13: Minimum Storage Space Requirements

� TABLE 5.14: Minimum Floor Areas for Main Apartment Balconies

Source. Sustainable Urban Housing, Design Standards for New Apartments, 2007

5.9.7 Waste Storage

Adequate provision should be made for the storage, segregation and recycling of waste and for convenient

access for its deposit and collection as detailed in Table 5.16. Refuse enclosures should be designed so that

they are integrated with the building or boundary enclosures and are well screened.

Policy

RES 21 To require that all proposed residential developments includingapartments comply with the internal space provisions as set outin Tables 5.8 to 5.11.

RES 22 To require that the minimum apartment sizes set out in Table5.9 is exceeded by at least 20% in respect of not less than 50%of the total number of units in the scheme.

RES 23 To ensure that in any apartment development of 30 or moreunits, 40% of the units should exceed 80 square metres in area.


One bedroom 3 sq m

Two bedrooms 6 sq m

Three or more bedrooms 9 sq m

One bedroom 5 sq m

Two bedrooms 7 sq m

Three bedrooms 9 sq m


149

� TABLE 5.15: Provision for Waste Storage

5.9.8 Building Height

In general, all new development should be consistent in height with adjoining structures. Within developments

there should be a mixture of typologies and sizes. Except in exceptional circumstances, the council considers

that residential buildings should not exceed four storeys in height, including roof space development, except

where provision for higher buildings is provided for in any local area plan.

Policy

RES 25 To require that residential buildings shall not exceed fourstoreys in height, including roof space development, exceptwhere provision for higher buildings is provided for in any localarea plan.

Policy

RES 24 To ensure that provision is made for the storage, segregationand recycling of waste and for convenient access for its depositand collection.

Units Provision requirements

Detached

Semi Detached

Direct external access should be made available from the rear of

the dwelling to the public road for collection.

Terraced

Duplex

Communal bin storage facilities should be provided at secure,

well screened locations convenient to the units served and for the

purposes of collection.

Apartment Communal bin storage facilities should be provided in a secure

well ventilated space within the basement of the apartment block

convenient to the units served and for the purposes of collection.


5.9.10 Public ArtPublic art should be provided alongside infrastructure and development schemes through the Percent for

Arts Scheme administered by the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government. The

council should be consulted on opportunities for permanent art to reflect the area’s heritage and to enhance

focal points within towns, villages and developments.

5.9.11 ManagementWhere it is intended that roads, services or public spaces will be retained in private or communal ownership,

estate management schemes should be prepared and implemented. These arrangements must be approved by

the council and covered by a condition attached to the relevant planning permission.

5.9.12 Taking in Charge of Housing EstatesThe council is required under the provisions of Section 180 of the Planning and Development Act, 2000 to

take in charge roads, open spaces, car parks, sewers, watermains and drains where requested to do so by the

person carrying out the development or by a majority of the owners or occupiers of the houses involved. The

council’s policy and procedures in relation to taking in charge housing estates is set down in the policy

document Procedures for Taking in Charge of Recently Completed Housing Estates. This document is

attached as appendix 8.

Policy

RES 26 To require planning applications for residential schemes inexcess of seventy five dwelling units incorporate works ofpublic art.

5.9.9 Naming of EstatesThe council will require the naming of residential

developments to reflect local or historical place

names in accordance with the Department of the

Environment and Heritage and Local Government

circular entitled Naming of Streets and Roads,

Numbering of houses and the Use of Irish.

The naming of all developments shall seek and gain

the approval of the Louth Local Authorities Place

Names Committee.

5.10 Community FacilitiesSuccessful communities require a wide range of local services and facilities. These include employment, shops,

childcare, educational, health, civic amenities and leisure based activities. All community facilities as far as is

practical should be readily accessible from residential areas by safe, convenient and direct walking routes. In

this regard, the layouts of new residential developments need to facilitate pedestrian and cycle movements.

Policy

RES 27 To take in charge on request housing developments of two ormore houses where the development has been completed tothe satisfaction of the council in accordance with thepermission and any conditions to which the permission issubject and having regard to the policy document Procedures

for Taking in Charge of Recently Completed Housing Estates.


151

It is essential that new residential developments in

the county are carried out in such a manner as to

provide for the provision of childcare facilities,

healthcare, nursing homes, community buildings,

sports facilities and amenity schemes in tandem with

the completion of houses. To facilitate this, applicants

for planning permission for residential developments

on sites over 1 hectare (2.47 acres) or for more than

50 residential units, will be required to submit an

audit of community facilities as part of the planning

application. This should provide details of all available

community facilities in the locality and where a

shortfall in facilities exist, demonstrate how this will

be made good, either through provision on site or

such other means as is acceptable to the council.

5.11 Schools and Education

� TABLE 5.16 Primary Schools in County Louth

Policy

COM 1 To require applications for residential developments on sitesof one hectare or over or for more than 50 residential unitsprovide an audit of existing community facilities in thelocality and where a shortfall in facilities exist, demonstratehow this will be made good, either through provision on siteor such other means as is acceptable to the council.

COM 2 To identify and zone land within local area plans for thepurposes of providing or extending community facilitieswhere a demonstrated need exists.


In July 2008, the Department of Education and

Science and the Department of the Environment,

Heritage and Local Government published a joint

document entitled The Provision of Schools and

the Planning System - A Code of Practice for

Planning Authorities. This is part of a package of

initiatives designed to facilitate the timely and cost-

effective provision of schools, particularly primary

schools and school related infrastructure. It includes

new mechanisms for site identification and

acquisition.

There are currently seventy-five primary and

seventeen post-primary schools and one third level

institution, Dundalk Institute of Technology, within

County Louth.

Ordinary Special Total

Number of schools 70 3 73


153

� TABLE 5.17 Post - Primary Schools in County Louth

Source. Department of Education

The Department of Education and Science calculates future primary school requirements on the basis of 12%

of the overall population in school catchment areas and on the basis of twenty five pupils per classroom. The

council will adopt these guidelines in relation to the calculation of future primary school demands and will

require that master plans and large scale applications provide school sites in accordance with it.

5.12 Childcare FacilitiesChildcare may be defined as full day care, session facilities and services for pre-school children and school

going children during out of school hours. It is recognised that the increased female participation in the labour

force together with social change has resulted in a major increase in the demand for childcare. Access to good

quality childcare facilities contributes to the social, emotional and educational development of children. The

Childcare Facility Guidelines for Planning Authorities which were published by the Department of the

Environment and Local Government in 2001 advocate a more pro-active role by the council in the promotion

of increased childcare provision.

Policy

COM 3 To co-operate with the Department of Education in theidentification of need and provision of school sites.

COM 4 To identify and zone lands as required in local area plans forschools and educational infrastructure as required.

COM 5 To facilitate and encourage multi-school campusarrangements incorporating both primary andsecondary levels.

Secondary Vocational Community Comprehensive Total

Numbers in

Co. Louth11 5 1 - 17

The Department’s guidelines recommend the provision of a twenty unit crèche or child care facility for every

seventy-five houses within new developments. Where it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the council that

there are sufficient childcare spaces available in the locality, the council will not require that additional child

care facilities be provided. Where this applies, developers will be required to provide other community benefits

by way of direct provision or financial contribution in lieu as agreed with

the council.

The National Childcare Strategy 2006-2010 produced by the Department of Health and Children and the

Louth Childcare Strategy aim to improve the availability and quality of childcare to meet the needs of both

children and parents. A new National Childcare Investment Programme 2006 - 2010 is expected to create

a further 50,000 childcare places.

Policy

COM 6 To ensure that adequate and suitable childcare facilities areprovided having regard to DoEHLG guidelines and the Louth

Childcare Strategy.

COM 7 To seek the provision of additional community benefits byway of direct provision or financial contribution in lieu of theprovision of childcare provision where it is demonstrated tothe satisfaction of the council that there are sufficientchildcare spaces available in the locality.



155

5.13 Nursing HomesThe demand for nursing and care facilities for older people has grown over the last number of decades.

Advances in the field of medicine as well as improved nutrition and quality of life have increased average

life expectancy. Between 2001 and 2007 some 217 bed spaces were provided in private nursing homes in

the county.

Guidelines for the location of Nursing Homes in County Louth contains a presumption against nursing

home developments in the open countryside for reasons relating to unsustainability, poor accessibility, social

exclusion and visual intrusion.

5.14 Primary Health FacilitiesThe provision of health care facilities is a function of the Health Service Executive (HSE). The council can assist

however by ensuring that provision is made within development plans and local area plans for such facilities.

Where new large scale housing development is proposed, the council will require the provision of new or

extension to existing primary health facilities. It is desirable that good quality, accessible health care is provided

in the local community.

Policy

COM 10 To facilitate the provision of primary health facilities withintowns and villages including Category I and Category II(a)settlements and within new large scale residentialdevelopments.

Policy

COM 8 To require that nursing homes be located within or adjacentto towns and villages.

COM 9 To ensure that all applications comply with the planningconsiderations as detailed in Guidelines for the Location of

Nursing Homes in County Louth.


5.15 Community Buildings and Sports FacilitiesCommunity buildings and sports and recreation facilities play a very important role in fostering a sense of

community identity and well being. With the substantial increase in population in the county and projected

further growth, it is important that the necessary facilities are provided through the county and in new

residential developments.

In 2006 the Louth Local Authorities Sports and Recreation Strategy 2006-2012 was prepared. The aim of

this strategy is to establish a set of strategic objectives to increase opportunities for sport, recreation, play and

leisure for the inhabitants of the county. The council will seek to secure the implementation of this strategy

over the period of the Plan.

5.16 Disabled PersonsThe Barcelona Declaration 2002, of which Ireland is a signatory advocates the right of disabled people to equal

opportunities and recognises their contribution to society and the environment they live in. Under the terms of

the Barcelona Declaration, the council consulted with people with disabilities and adopted the Louth Local

Authorities Disability Implementation Plan 2008 -2015. This plan outlines actions that the local authority

will take to ensure that persons with disability and impaired mobility have unrestricted access to their buildings

and services.

In addition, Part M of the Building Regulations 1990 requires that all public and private buildings will have

provision for suitable access for disabled persons.

Policy

COM 11 To ensure that adequate provision is made for communitybuildings, sports and recreational facilities, including playingfields and children play areas in master plans and residentialproposals, having regard to the Louth Local Authorities

Sports and Recreation Strategy 2006-2012.

COM 12 To resist the loss of existing social and community facilitiesand playing fields.


157

5.17 The Library ServiceThe council provides a countywide network of library services serving individual communities and the county as

a whole. There are five libraries in the county, Drogheda, Dundalk, Carlingford, Ardee and Dunleer.

Dundalk and Drogheda provide a regional service. Both libraries have hosted numerous visits by school classes,

adult students and other groups. There has been much work carried out in the expansion of IT facilities for the

public. These included courses for public use on terminals, public cards for use on public internet terminals and

the provision of a wide selection of CD ROMs.

In meeting the needs of people at risk of social exclusion, the library service has established links with the local

office of the National Council for the Blind whereby blind and partially sighted people can borrow talking

books from the library. The council will continue this policy of establishing links with socially excluded members

of our society. The smaller libraries and mobile library service continue to improve library participation by

reaching communities in the more local centres. The mobile library service has continued to extend its range of

stops to suit the needs of the community, incorporating as many stops as possible both urban and rural.

Policy

COM 15 To continue to improve the library service in County Louth tomeet the current and future needs of all members of thecommunity and to strengthen links with socially excludedmembers and groups of our society.

Policy

COM 13 To implement the Louth Local Authorities Disability

Implementation Plan 2008 -2015.

COM 14 To ensure that access for disabled persons is provided inaccordance with Part M of the Building Regulations 1990.


5.18 Emergency ServicesDundalk fire service, Drogheda fire service and Louth county fire service all work together to provide

operational fire cover for the people of Louth. Fire prevention and building control for the three authorities is

provided by Louth County Council.

The major emergency plan was reviewed in 2007 in accordance with revised DoEHLG requirements and is

currently in place. This plan will be reviewed from time to time to ensure that it remains relevant and up to

date in order to ensure the safety of the people of the county.

Policy

COM 16 To continue to improve the delivery of the fire andemergency services within the county and to review themajor emergency plan as required.


159

6.1 IntroductionThe protection of the recreational and amenity value of County Louth is of great importance to both

inhabitants and visitors to the county. Recreation areas perform an important role in creating a sense of

community by providing people with an opportunity to congregate and also for children to interact and

play together.

In addition to its many fine beaches and scenic mountains, Louth has much to offer in terms of active and

passive recreational facilities, such as parks, children’s play grounds, picnic areas, designated walking and

cycling routes and other amenities such as Stephenstown Pond and the facilities at Rathescar Lake.

6.2 Local Authorities Sports and RecreationStrategy and Play PolicyThe Louth Local Authorities Sports and Recreation Strategy 2006 – 2012 outlines the council’s

commitment to the development of quality opportunities and facilities for sport, recreation and leisure

activities for all through the protection and development of both natural leisure and amenity resources.

The adoption of the Louth Play Policy in 2006 and its implementation has contributed significantly to the

provision of high quality, age appropriate play facilities and opportunities throughout Louth. Playground

facilities have been provided or are proposed to be provided in the towns and villages as set out in Table 6.1.

Chapter Six

Recreation and Amenity

� TABLE 6.1 Existing and Proposed Playground Facilities

Note: Playgrounds may be provided at other sites subject to demand and resources.

Policy

RA 1 To implement the Louth Local Authorities Sports andRecreation Strategy 2006 – 2012 and the Louth Play Policy2006.

RA 2 To require developers to provide play and recreationalfacilities in new residential areas where there is anidentified need.

RA 3 To resist the loss of recreational and amenity land andfacilities, except, in circumstances where it is demonstratedthat additional facilities are being provided at a locationaccessible to the local community or where there arealready sufficient facilities in the locality.

RA 4 To seek improvement in the range, quality and capacity ofsporting and recreational facilities through initiatives inpartnership with community groups and sportingorganisations.

Chapter 6 Recreation and Amenity

Existing Playgrounds Secured Playground Sites Proposed Playground Sites

Ardee Blackrock Annagassan

Carlingford Kilcurry Dromiskin

Clogherhead Kilkerly Collon

Drogheda (2) Faughart

Drogheda (3) Louth Village

Omeath Tallanstown

Tinure Termonfeckin

Dunleer

6.3 Environment and AmenitiesUnder the provision of Section 10 (2)(e) of the Planning and Development Act, 2000 there is an obligation

on the planning authority to include provision in the development plan for the protection of landscapes,

including the preservation of views and prospects and amenities of places and features of natural beauty and

interest. County Louth has a number of important areas of outstanding beauty and high amenity value in

addition to views and prospects that require protection.


161

6.3.1 Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty

County Louth contains two distinct areas that have been designated as Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty

(AONB) by reason of their unspoiled natural landscapes and spectacular scenic quality. These are listed in Table

6.2 and illustrated on Map 6.1

� TABLE 6.2 Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty

Reference Area

AONB1 Carlingford and Feede Mountains

AONB2 Clogherhead and Port Oriel

The larger of the two areas is found in the north of

the county and encompasses the Carlingford and

Feede Mountains. Slieve Foye at 588 O.D and Black

Mountain at 508 O.D are the highest points in the

range. Much of the area remains in its natural state,

covered in gorse, bracken and heather, parts of

which are designated a Special Area of Conservation

(SAC) and a proposed Natural Heritage Area (pNHA)

under European and Irish legislation. Spectacular

views are available from a number of vantage points

over Carlingford Lough to the Mourne Mountains in

Northern Ireland and over Dundalk Bay to the central

and south of County Louth.

The second are designated as an AONB is located at

Clogherhead and encompasses Port Oriel and the

surrounding headland. Although less rugged and

remote than the Carlingford and Feede Mountains,

this area, nevertheless, contains equally spectacular

views eastwards to the Irish Sea, southwards towards

the Boyne Estuary and County Meath and

northwards over Dundalk Bay to the Carlingford and

Mourne Mountains. This area is encompassed with

the boundaries of the Clogherhead Local Area Plan.

Both these designated areas are extremely sensitive

environments and are therefore afforded a high

degree of protection in the Plan.

6.3.2 Areas of High Scenic Quality

The Areas of High Scenic Quality (AHSQ), whilst not quite possessing the exceptional natural beauty and

landscape quality of the AONB nevertheless add significantly to the stock of natural scenic landscapes within

the county.

All of these areas are currently farmed, although the quality of the land for farming purposes varies

considerably from area to area. The council considers it important that AHSQ are protected from excessive

development, particularly from inappropriate one-off urban generated housing, in order to preserve their

unspoiled rural landscapes.

AHSQ as identified in the 2003-2009 Plan have been retained but it is considered appropriate to add

additional areas at Dunany Point, Ardee Bog and to make an adjustment to the Mount Oriel AHSQ in order to

include to pNHA to the east of Collon Village.

� TABLE 6.3 Areas of High Scenic Quality (AHSQ)

Policy

RES 6 To protect the unspoiled rural landscapes of the AHSQ for thebenefit and enjoyment of current and future generations.

AHSQ 1 Feede Mountains and Cooley Area

AHSQ 2 Monasterboice

AHSQ 3 Boyne Valley/King Williams Glen

AHSQ 4 Collon Uplands

AHSQ 5 Dunany

AHSQ 6 Ardee Bog

Policy

RA 5 To protect the unspoiled natural environment of the AONB for thebenefit and enjoyment of current and future generations.



163

The Map below illustrates the locations and boundaries of the AONB and AHSQ in County Louth.

�MAP 6.1 Location and boundaries of the Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Areas of High Scenic Quality.


6.4 The Coastline

The coastline of County Louth stretches for more than 120 kilometres from north of Omeath in Carlingford

Lough to Drogheda on the Boyne Estuary. The coastline and the adjoining landscapes vary considerably in

character from the steep mountainous slopes of Carlingford Lough to the flat and undulating landforms and

sand dune systems of mid and south Louth. There are a number of attractive beaches which provide excellent

recreational opportunities for local residents and day trippers from the surrounding counties. These include

Blackrock, Lurganboy, Termonfeckin, Strand, Gyles’ Quay, Port Beach, Shellinghill (Templetown) and

Clogherhead. The latter three are blue flag beaches.

The production of an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) plan for Louth is a requirement of the EU

and the Irish government. Currently, a national ICZM is being progressed by the Coastal and Marine Resources

Centre, Cork. The purpose is to put in place mechanisms to manage both the landscape and seascape and to

ensure that the resource is protected indefinitely into the future.

A Scoping Study for an Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan for Carlingford Lough was

undertaken in 2007. This study contains a review of the current roles of those responsible for the Lough,

details conflicts and opportunities that may benefit from an ICZM approach and recommendations from

implementation of an ICZM. There is an ICZM plan covering the northerns side of the Lough and it is

considered desirable that a similar management plan should be put in place on the southern side.

Policy

RA 7 To protect the amenity value of the coast and improve public access tocoastal amenities, including the provision of car parking facilities atpopular beaches.

RA 8 To protect areas at risk from coastal erosion and flooding, subject toavailable resources.

RA 9 To co-operate with the Coastal and Marine Resources Centre in thepreparation of an integrated coastal management plan, in so far as itrelates to County Louth and to support the preparation andimplementation of a special ICZM to complement the existingmanagement plan for the north side of Carlingford Lough.


165

6.5 Scenic RoutesA number of important scenic routes which require protection are listed in Table 6.4 below and illustrated on

Map 6.2 in Appendix 8. Any development that would interfere with or adversely affect these scenic routes will

not be permitted.

� TABLE 6.4 Scenic Routes

Policy

RA 10 To prohibit development that would interfere with or adverselyaffect the scenic routes as identified in Table 6.4.

Ref Route

SR 1 Faughart Hill, Faughart Upper

SR 2 Ravensdale Road (Rockmarshall to Drumad)

SR 3 Deerpark Road

SR 4 Dromad via N1, Broughattin –Doolargy

SR 5 Anaverna

SR 6 Doolargy

SR 7 Jenkinstown (Minor and Hill)

SR 8 Ballymakellett

SR 9 Jenkinstown to Piedmont

SR 10 Jenkinstown to Omeath via Windy Gap

SR 11 Piedmont – Benagh -Spellickanee

SR 12 Bush – Windy Gap – Edentober

SR 13 Bush – Carlingford including Commons

SR 14 Greenore – Carlingford-Omeath

SR 15 Coast Road – Whitestown- Ballagan –Ballytrasna

SR 16 Coast Road, Dromiskin

SR 17 Townparks, Ardee

SR 18 Castlebellingham – Annagassan -Clogherhead – Termonfeckin

SR 19 Baltray – Queensborough-Beaulieu

SR 20 Slane Road, Townley Hall

SR 21 King Williams Glen

SR 22 Mount Oriel (Collon – Belpatrick)


6.6 Views and Prospects of Special Amenity ValueA number of specific views and prospects of special amenity value are identified in the Plan and are listed in

Table 6.5. They are illustrated on Map 6.2 in appendix 8. These views and prospects are reflective of Louth’s

unique scenic quality and are notable for their natural scenery and striking landscapes.

� TABLE 6.5 Views and Prospects

Ref Views and Prospects

VP 1 Drummullagh – View towards Narrow Water

VP 2 Clermontpase Bridge

VP 3 Clermont Cairn RTE mast

VP 4 Windy Gap

VP 5 Carlingford Lough

VP 6 Glenmore – mountains and valley

VP 7 Glenmore – mountains and valley

VP 8 Barnavave and Carlingford mountain

VP 9 Jenkinstown Hill towards Dundalk Bay

VP 10 Jenkinstown Hill towards Dundalk Bay

VP 11 Ballymakellett towards Dundalk Bay

VP 12 Faughart Hill

VP 13 Views from Dungooly Crossroads

VP 14 Views of Castle Roche

VP 15 Hackballscross - views of mountains towards Forkhill

VP 16 Killin Golf Course - views of mountains towards Forkhill

VP 17 Dromiskin -sea views across to Dundalk, Cooley and Mourne Mountains

VP 18 North of Annagassan - sea views across to Cooley and Mourne Mountains

VP 19 Salterstown - sea views across to Dundalk Bay towards Cooley and Mourne Mountains

VP 20 Corstown - sea views across to Dundalk Bay towards Cooley and Mourne Mountains

VP 21 Lurganboy - sea views across to Dundalk Bay towards Cooley and Mourne Mountains

VP 22 From Clogherhead Harbour

VP 23 Callystown to Clogherhead

VP 24 Dardisrath towards coast and Clogherhead

VP 25 Brownstown southwards over AHSQ towards Drogheda

VP 26 Newtown Monasterboice towards Monasterboice Tower

VP 27 Tullyesker Hill overview of Battle of Boyne Site

VP 28 Townley Hall Nature Walk view of Battle of the Boyne site

VP 29 Drybridge Escarpment view of Battle of Boyne Site

VP 30 Waterunder Plateau overview of Battle of Boyne Site (Williamite Army)

VP 31 Mount Oriel northwards

VP 32 N2 Funshog eastwards

VP 33 Millockstown southwards

VP 34 Townparks north and southwards


167

6.7 Walks and Cycle PathsThe attraction of walking and cycling as recreational pursuits has increased significantly in recent years. Both

walking and cycling are considered to be essential components of an integrated sustainable transport system

as they provide an alternative to the private car or public transport systems.

6.7.1 Walks

The promotion of walking as a simple, inexpensive way to increase participation levels in physical activity across

all ages in the county is highlighted in the Louth Local Sports Partnership and addressed in the Louth Local

Authorities Sports and Recreation Strategy 2006-2012. It is proposed in the strategy to provide more walking

routes throughout the county and to expand the Slí na Sláinte routes. A new Sli na Slainte route has been

developed in Carlingford and it is proposed to provide additional routes on an ongoing basis.

Improvements have been made to the Táin Way in the Carlingford and Omeath areas by the provision of

a safer off road route through forest and on mountain commonage. Signage of the Táin Way has also

been upgraded.

A Walking Strategy for the Cooley Peninsula has been prepared by the council. This strategy has identified

looped walks at Slieve Foy, Maeve’s Gap, Greenore, Templetown and in Cooley which will be developed in

due course.

Policy

RA 11 To preserve the views and prospects of special amenity value asidentified in Table 6.5.

RA 12 To improve, where necessary, public access to viewing pointssubject to the availability of resources.


�MAP 6.3 The Táin Way

Policy

RA 13 To develop and promote walking throughout the county,utilising disused transport links where feasible.

RA 14 To provide additional Slí na Sláinte routes and to improve theexisting Táin Way.

RA 15 To work in partnership with Louth Local Authorities and localauthorities in adjoining counties to provide a network ofwalking trails extending both within and beyond theboundaries of County Louth.

RA 16 To implement theWalking Strategy for the Cooley Peninsulasubject to the availability of resources.


169

6.7.2 Cycling

The Development of Irish Cycle Tourism - East Coast Midlands includes detailed proposals for a long

distance east coast cycling route running from the Cooley Peninsula through counties Louth, Meath and

Dublin. It focuses on areas with high potential for holiday cycling and details measures to make them popular

and attractive to both domestic and overseas visitors.

It also explores the development of inland routes in Louth and in other counties, with an emphasis on re-

examining the existing Táin Trail cycling route. Dundalk has been identified as being an ideal cycle ‘hub town’

where visitors might base themselves and explore the surrounding countryside using a number of loop routes.

The viability of new cycle paths is under constant review.

6.8 Amenity SchemesThe council completed a number of amenity schemes during the course of the previous development plan at

various locations throughout the county. This process will continue during this Plan period subject to the

availability of funding.

It is proposed to complete the amenity schemes as set out in Table 6.6 during the course of the Plan. Other

projects may be added to this list depending on the availability of funding.

The council will, where appropriate, co-operate with development agencies and community groups in the

carrying out of schemes designed to improve the stock of amenity and recreational facilities in the county.

� TABLE 6.6 Amenity Schemes

Policy

RA 17 To support the implementation of the Strategy for theDevelopment of Irish Cycle Tourism 2007 in so far as it relates toCounty Louth.

RA 18 To promote and develop cycle routes throughout the county.

Location/Facility

Installation of excercise route at Darver GAA training grounds

Additional Slí na Sláinte routes


Policy

RA 19 To co-operate, where appropriate, with development agencies andcommunity groups in carrying out schemes designed to improve thestock of amenity and recreational facilities in the county.


171

7.1 IntroductionCounty Louth has a tradition of entrepreneurial flair and industrial innovation. Over the course of the County

Development Plan 2003 – 2009, the county shared in the benefits associated with the Celtic Tiger and has

become well positioned as a major manufacturing, commercial and service centre catering for both domestic

and international markets. Louth Local Authorities have proactively engaged with the private sector and other

agencies to create strong economic partnerships. This has been coupled with the development of a holistic

approach to economic development which involves educational institutions, cross border engagement and the

establishment of concrete targets for job creation and economic development.

Louth is highly urbanised and has a high density of population compared to other rural counties. This is

primarily as a result of having within its boundaries two of the largest provincial towns in the country, namely

Dundalk and Drogheda. This generates critical mass and a large and well educated labour force, which is an

essential resource for economic activity and expansion.

The high quality of life enjoyed by the residents of County Louth and which is available to potential investors is

regarded as a major economic strength of the county.

Chapter Seven

Economic Development,Employment and Tourism

The key economic strengths and drivers in County

Louth include, inter alia, its strategic location, high

quality infrastructure, people resources, education

and skills of its workforce and the high quality of life

available to its residents.

Louth enjoys a very favourable location along the

Dublin-Belfast corridor with close proximity to Dublin

and the related advantages of easy access to Dublin

Airport, Dublin Port, third and fourth level

educational institutions and domestic and

international markets. It is also very accessible from

Belfast and the highly urbanised north east including

proximity to Belfast International and City Airports

and the sea ports in Belfast and Larne.

The A1/M1 motorway linking Dublin and Belfast runs

through the heart of the county providing high

quality access to national roads and motorway

infrastructure. The improved level of rail

infrastructure and services provide an alternative and

sustainable transportation option for both goods and

passenger traffic.

7.1.1 County Louth Economic Development Strategy 2009 - 2015

This report presents an economic development strategy for County Louth for the period between 2009 and

2015, which coincides with the timeframe for the Plan. It focuses on the following:

� Assessment of the economic strengths and weakness of Louth.

� Identification and making of recommendations on economic opportunities that can be

successfully delivered.

� Identification of current and future challenges and threats facing the county.

� Making of proposals for a unique County Louth brand and a supporting marketing strategy.

� Identification of potential funding sources and mechanisms.

Whilst it is accepted that the majority of employment growth will be focused on the two principal urban areas

of Dundalk and Drogheda, the Strategy also recognises that there is considerable scope for new economic

opportunities in rural County Louth.

� TABLE 7.1 Key Development Opportunities for Louth as identified by County Louth Economic Development Strategy

Chapter 7 Economic Development, Employment and Tourism

LocationLouth is ideally placed to capitalize on the advantages

afforded to the county arising from its proximate location to

Dublin along the Dublin Belfast economic corridor.

People ResourcesThe significant commuter population in County Louth points

to an opportunity to leverage the high skilled labour pool to

market Louth as a location for future investment.

Economic SectorsExisting and emerging strengths would suggest that there are

potential significant development opportunities for Louth in

foreign owned and domestic owned high value industry and

internationally traded services, including high end, specialised

manufacturing, financial and business services and other

commercial activities, including retail.

Louth has particular advantages such as high quality visitor

attractions, easy access to Dublin Airport and accommodation

which indicate significant opportunities to further develop the

county as a high quality destination for overseas and

domestic holiday and business visitors.

The following recommendations for the promotion of economic development of the county are contained

within the Strategy.

1 The county development plan should target an increase in the population of the county and its main

towns to approach 150,000 persons in the county and around 190,000 persons in the wider economic

area surrounding the county by 2020.

2 The county development plan should facilitate commercial and other development to provide

additional employment of between 17,000 and 22,000 jobs in the administrative and economic areas

respectively, to support the targeted expansion in population.

3 County Louth should develop a diversified economic base to reduce its vulnerability to any one sector

or a limited number of potentially vulnerable sectors.

4 A labour and skills strategy should be implemented which supports the required growth in the

workforce while addressing the specific skills required to support the sectoral economic strategy.

5 Continued and intensified efforts should be directed as a priority at addressing specific challenges faced

by the county in the areas of unemployment and social exclusion.

6 Deficits in important key infrastructure, such as high quality broadband availability should be addressed

in the county to facilitate economic and population growth.

7 Town centre development should continue to focus on ensuring the development of attractive centres

for the county’s main towns.

8 A marketing and branding strategy should be implemented which capitalises on the strengths of Louth

and its constituent main towns as locations for investment and tourism.

9 A co-ordinated and consistent approach to the implementation and delivery of the development

strategy is required, supported by appropriate structures at local authority and agency level.

10 A range of public, private and public private partnerships (PPP) funding options should be explored to

support the delivery of infrastructure and other priorities.

Economic development strategies have also been prepared for the towns of Dundalk, Drogheda and Ardee.

The Plan will support the implementation of these in addition to the economic development strategy for

the county.

Policy

EDE 1 To capitalise on the location, natural and people resources of CountyLouth in the pursuit of the economic development prioritiesidentified in the County Louth Economic Development Strategy 2009

- 2015 and Economic Development of Ardee 2009 – 2015 andsupport the implementation of similar strategies for Dundalk andDrogheda and to support closer co-operation between Louth CountyCouncil, Drogheda Borough Council, Meath County Council andFingal County Council particularly with regard to economicdevelopment within the M1 corridor and the implementation of thePlanning Strategy for the Greater Dublin Area.


173


7.1.2 Employment Opportunities in Smaller Towns and VillagesThe main centres for employment within county Louth are Dundalk, Drogheda, Ardee and Dunleer and the

council supports the role of these towns as the primary locations for employment generating activities within

the county. However, the council also acknowledges the need for greater employment opportunities in smaller

settlements and in rural areas. The spread of employment opportunities throughout the county is considered

necessary in order to revitalise and sustain rural communities where traditional employment sources, such as

agriculture, are in decline.

The following settlements are identified as suitable for small scale businesses and enterprise and it is proposed

that lands for employment activities will be identified and zoned in the review of the local area plans.

� Clogherhead

� Castlebellingham / Kilsaran

� Louth Village

� Collon

It is an objective to investigate the feasibility of providing a small business park at the Bush. It should be noted

however that the above policies do not preclude the location of industrial and commercial activity elsewhere in

the county, where consideration will be given on the merits of each individual proposal.

Policy

EDE 2 To protect and enhance the status of Dundalk, Drogheda, Ardeeand Dunleer as the principles centres of employment, industrial andcommercial activity within the county.

EDE 3 To secure a spread of employment opportunities at key strategiclocations throughout the county and facilitate the development oflocal based micro and start –up enterprises.

EDE 4 To identify and zone lands, if required, for employment activities inthe review of the local area plans and to encourage the re-use ofderelict and brownfield sites for sustainable economic orrecreational purposes. Planning applications for development onany such sites shall be accompanied by an assessment outlining allor any known aspects of the previous uses that could have resultedin the contamination of the site.

7.1.3 Development at Motorway Interchanges

The M1 has the potential to act as a major stimulant of economic development and activity by providing high

quality road infrastructure and connectivity to air and sea ports and thereby to domestic and international

markets. Motorway interchanges are strategic locations much sought after by developers due to the

desirability and benefits of having immediate access to the primary road network.

However, uncontrolled and poorly regulated

development at interchanges can often be

problematical. This can be due to such development

being solely dependent on roads transport, the

possibility of traffic congestion on national routes,

the impact on rural landscapes and environments

and the costs involved in the provision of other

infrastructure such as piped services, electricity and

gas. Such development can also detract investment

from existing towns and settlements that are badly

in need of renewal and development.

In order to maximise the benefits accruing to the

county from the motorway and to regulate

development in a sustainable and appropriate

manner along its route, the following policies will

be applied.

* Urban–related interchanges are Ballymascanlon, Castleblayney Road, Dundalk South

interchange and Drogheda North.

**Rural–related interchanges are Carrickcarnon junction, Drumleck, Charleville,

Mooremount and Woodlands.

Policy

EDE 4 To promote and facilitate development at urban–related*interchanges in accordance with the zoning provisions of theDundalk and Environs Plan and the North Drogheda Environs Local

Area Plan 2004.

EDE 5 To resist development at rural-related** motorway interchanges.


175

7.1.4 Cross Border Economic Co-Operation

The emergence of a lasting peace in Northern Ireland presents significant opportunities for co-operation

between local authorities, community groups and the private sector in the promotion and development of the

region on a cross border basis for the mutual benefit of both.

To this end, the International Centre for Local and Regional Development (ICLRD) has developed a number of

concepts which include the Newry-Dundalk Twin-City Region and a Newry-Dundalk International Services

Zone. It is considered that a twin-city region would have the capacity to facilitate an integrated approach to

the strategic planning and special needs of the area and to promote a sustainable central corridor strategy on

the eastern seaboard. The International Service Zone concept is based on the Derry-Letterkenny model. Newry-

Dundalk is considered a prime location as a centre for internationally traded services due to its location at the

centre of the Dublin-Belfast economic corridor.

Consideration will also be given to the carrying out of an economic analysis and development strategy

focusing on the M1 corridor extending into Northern Ireland and to the counties of Meath and Fingal.

7.1.5 Adoption of a Partnership Approach

A key facet of the economy in County Louth has been the adoption of a partnership approach towards

growing the economy. This is manifested in the work of organisations such the County Development Board,

Louth County Enterprise Board, DkIT, FÁS, the Chambers of Commerce and Louth Leader Partnership,

Enterprise Ireland, the IDA, and the Newry-Dundalk Business Linkage Programme. The partnership approach

has been most successful in the work undertaken by the Dundalk Economic Development Group. The DEDG

was established by the Louth Local Authorities in 2006, as a partnership initiative bringing private and public

sector leaders together to promote Dundalk as an ideal place to live, invest or visit. Its work has been

recognised at a national level.

Policy

EDE 8 To work in partnership with development agencies within thecounty to promote economic development, enterprise andemployment.

Policy

EDE 7 To co-operate with the International Centre for Local and RegionalDevelopment (ICLRD) and the appropriate authorities in NorthernIreland to support joint economic initiatives and programmes forthe promotion of the region on a cross border region.


7.1.6 Employment Trends and Opportunities

County Louth has traditionally had a strong employment and industrial base centred primarily on the towns of

Dundalk, Drogheda, Ardee and Dunleer. The significant foreign direct investment in new enterprises supported

by the Industrial Development Authority (IDA) has taken place in county Louth in more recent years and this

has made a very valuable contribution to economic development and employment opportunities. The Dundalk

Institute of Technology (DkIT) provides a range of high quality third level diploma and degree courses in the

sciences, engineering, building and construction and the number of highly qualified graduates coming out of

the college each year is a major strength and opportunity for the county.

The changing employment profile of Ireland has

been manifested locally in a shift towards

information, communications and technology (ICT)

based industries, specialised engineering and food

processing. Today, the county is rapidly becoming

one of Ireland's principal industrial centres and has

attracted new growth in the engineering and IT

sectors, principally to the two major towns.

The quality of infrastructure in terms of road, rail

and access to sea and air ports, in addition to the

high quality of the environment and quality of life,

makes the county an attractive location for

investment and as a place to live.

7.1.7 Employment Sectors

The breakdown of sectoral employment within the county is set out in table 7.2. Currently the majority of

employment in Louth is in commerce (31.1%), education, health and social work (22.3%) and manufacturing

(17.9%). A relatively low proportion of the county’s population is involved in farming or agricultural activities,

reflecting the highly urbanised nature of the county and the general decline in agricultural employment in

recent years.

� TABLE 7.2 Sectoral Breakdown of Employment in County Louth

Source. CSO, POWCAR dataset

Economic Sector Number Employed Percentage of Total

Commerce 10,756 31.1

Education, health and social work 7,705 22.3

Manufacturing industries 6,200 17.9

Construction 1,828 5.3

Public administration 1,720 5.0

Transport, storage and communications 1,583 4.6

Other 4,752 13.8

Total 34,545 100.0


177


The economic boom of the past decade has resulted in a significant increase in employment opportunities

within the county and a corresponding decrease in the unemployment rate from a peak of 22.3% in 1996 to

11.1% in 2006 (CSO 1996 and 2006). However the 2006 figure of 11.1% is significantly higher than the

national average of 8.5%, which is reflective of the existence of high social exclusion and high unemployment

within the RAPID areas of the towns of Dundalk and Drogheda. The deteriorating economic climate that has

emerged in late 2008 and is continuing, could have serious implications for employment in county Louth and it

is likely that the unemployment rate will increase, if only temporarily, until such time as there is a sustained

economic upturn.

7.2 Development Management Standards for Industrial andCommercial Developments

The council will require that industrial and commercial lands be developed to a very high standard in campus

style settings, combining aesthetics with enterprise and attracting high calibre business occupiers. In spatial

terms this will mean the development of a series of innovative landmark buildings set in attractive landscaped

grounds. New development proposals should aim to provide design excellence realised within a hierarchical

road structure and a hard and soft landscaping framework.

Policy

EDE 9 To work in partnership with national and local economicdevelopment and employment promoting agencies to supportemployment generating initiatives within the county.

Where appropriate applicants should have regard to policy in relation to road infrastructure as set out by

policies TC 5 to TC 8.

7.2.1 Landscaping and Amenity

Commercial and industrial development should present a pleasant aspect aided by a high quality of landscape

design, including tree planting, within both public and private domains. The existing landscape framework and

its associated topography should be respected.

Landscaping should ensure that the buildings will not be dominated by extensive areas of parking, hard

standing and roads, thereby detracting from the quality of the environment. A detailed, high quality landscape

plan, planting schedule and planting programme will be required with all applications. Planting shall include

semi-mature trees in order to reduce the visual impact of structures on surrounding areas.

The provision of a buffer zone of not less than fifteen metres in width will be required where industrial and

other land uses adjoin to ensure amenities of adjacent properties are not adversely affected. There should be

no significant amenity loss (by way of noise, smell or other nuisance) to immediate neighbours or the area in

general resulting from the nature of the proposed business, the amount of traffic generated or the servicing

arrangement.

7.2.2 Surface Water Drainage

Adequate measures should be taken by commercial/industrial users and developers in the treatment and

disposal of surface water to prevent pollution, including the adoption of the principles of sustainable urban

drainage systems (SUDS) in designing surface water management arrangements.

7.2.3 Sustainable Design

All commercial and Industrial development should adopt a sustainable approach to design and building

methods including passive design, use of solar energy, low energy performance buildings and the use of

renewable energy supplies, in association with Sustainable Energy Ireland and having regard to the Guidelines

for Sustainable Design and Energy Efficiency in Buildings as set out in paragraph 9.7 of the Plan.

7.2.4 Car Parking, Loading and Unloading Provision

Car parking shall be provided in accordance with the standards detailed in Table 8.6 within chapter 8 of the

Plan. However in order to encourage modal shift, a reduction in the car parking standards will be considered

where alternative transport arrangements involving greater use of sustainable transport solutions such as

public transport, walking and cycling is provided.

All surface car parking areas should preferably be located behind the building line, out of view of the general

public. Where this is not practical, parking areas should be suitably screened and landscaped. All car parking

areas should be suitably surfaced and illuminated. Individual parking spaces should be permanently marked

and shall not be less than 5.0m X 2.5m in dimension and shall have appropriate access and circulation aisles.

Sufficient loading and unloading bays should be provided. These should be of sufficient size to accommodate

loading and unloading operations without encroachment onto any public road or footpath or interfere with

the safety and free flow of vehicular traffic or pedestrians.


179

7.2.5 Design

Where two or more commercial or industrial buildings are being developed, a uniform design for boundary

treatments, roof profiles and building lines is recommended. The scale and design of proposed development

should be in keeping with the surrounding area and adjoining developments.

7.2.6 Site Coverage and Plot Ratios

The maximum site coverage permitted in industrial areas shall be 50% and the maximum plot ratio shall

be 2:1.

7.2.7 Open Storage

Any open storage areas shall be located behind the building line and be adequately screened from public view.

7.2.8 Roads and Footpaths

The width of all internal industrial estate roads shall, generally, not be less than 7.3 metres with minimum radii

of 10.5 metres at junctions.

Visibility splays shall not be less than 70m x 4.5m x 1.05m within speed control zones and 160m x 4.5m x

1.05m elsewhere.

Footpaths shall not be less than 1.8 metres in width.

7.2.9 Nuisance

The ‘good neighbour’ principle should be applied in respect of all industrial and commercial developments

where conflict could arise with other established uses. In particular, noise emissions, whether from plant,

machinery or traffic, shall comply with the provisions of Noise Regulations (S.I. No. 140 of 2006).

7.2.10 Trade Effluent Discharges

All discharges of trade effluents to sewerage networks or receiving waters shall be subject to a Water Pollution

Act Discharge Licence. Specified appropriate pre-treatment of trade effluents shall be required prior to

discharge to council sewers.

7.2.11 Public Water Supplies

All supplies to industrial developments shall be metered and consumers shall be charged on basis of usage in

accordance with guidelines set out in theWater Services Pricing Policy.

7.2.12 Fire Prevention

Adequate storage and hydrant capacity should be provided in consultation with the fire department of

the council.

7.2.13 Building Regulations

Designers, developers and owners should ensure that all buildings and structures comply with the

requirements of the Building Regulations 1990.


7.2.14 Signage

Signage shall be kept to a minimum. In order to ensure high quality signage and to safeguard the amenities of

the area, a uniform signage scheme should be devised and submitted as part of the planning application for

the development to which it relates. Billboards or free standing signage will not normally be permitted.

7.2.15 Public Artwork

Public art should be provided within an open space or focal point within new development schemes, through

the Percent for Arts Scheme administered by the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local

Government. The council should be consulted on opportunities for permanent art.

7.3 Commerce and Retail

7.3.1 Introduction

The level of commerce and retail activity is reflective of

the overall economic well being of the economy.

County Louth, by reason of its border location, has

suffered as a result of different pricing structures,

monetary and taxation regimes, north and south of

the border. This is particularly evident in recent times

and is being further exacerbated by the current

economic downturn. The importance of commerce

and retail in County Louth is evident from the

proportion of the total labour force, some 31.1%,

employed in the sector. Traditionally, the main

destination for shopping has been town and village centres. These also acted as the focus for a variety of other

activities including business, social, leisure and residential uses.

Recent trends have seen the decline of small independent grocers and the emergence of larger supermarkets,

franchise based local convenience stores, discount food stores and retail warehouses at out-of-town locations.

These emerging trends in the retail sector have increasingly influenced shopping patterns and have created a

demand for large shopping centres at locations where extensive car parking facilities are available.

The council recognises the importance of retaining the primary role of town centres for commercial and retail

activity. Therefore, the retail policies outlined in the Plan aim to preserve the viability and vitality of the town

and village centres of the county whilst also recognising the need to provide for new retailing formats to meet

consumer demands.

7.3.2 Louth Retail Strategy 2009

The Retail Planning Guidelines for Planning Authorities 2000 were issued under the provisions of Section

28 of the Planning and Development Act 2000 and were subsequently revised in 2005. The purpose of

these guidelines is to:

� Promote a healthy competitive retail environment.

� Promote forms of retail development which are easily assessable by public transport.


181

� Protect the role of town centres and resist large scale out of centre shopping malls.

� Resist large retail centres close to national roads or motorway interchanges.

� Assist local authorities in the preparation of retail policies for incorporation into development plans.

In order to comply with the guidelines planning authorities are required to prepare retail strategies.

The Louth Retail Strategy was prepared and adopted in 2002 and subsequently reviewed in 2009. The 2009

Strategy has informed the retail policies of this development plan.

The purpose of the Louth Retail Strategy 2009 is to:

� Promote a healthy, vibrant and competitive retail environment within County Louth

� Identify the core shopping areas in Dundalk, Drogheda and Ardee

� Formulate policies to protect the vitality and viability of existing town and village centres

� Ensure the provision of appropriately scaled convenience retail outlets in new residential areas

� Establish a county retail hierarchy

� Define criteria for the assessment of future significant retail developments

The Strategy has confirmed that there has been a 127% increase in the retail floor space available within the

county since the previous strategy was completed in 2002, with increases of 170% in Drogheda, 108% in

Dundalk and 49.2% in Ardee. This represents a very significant increase and is reflective of the progressive

development of the county over that period. However, the retail policies of the Plan seek to ensure that out of

town retailing does not damage existing town and village centres.

� TABLE 7.3 Percentage Increase in Retail floor space between 2001 and 2008

One of the important functions of the retail strategy was to establish a county retail hierarchy which is set out

in Table 7.4. The primary positions of Dundalk and Drogheda at level one is recognised whilst the local

importance of Ardee places it at level 2. Other important local centres of Blackrock, Dunleer, Collon and

Carlingford are included at level 3 and all other villages are at level 4.

� TABLE 7.4 County Retail Hierarchy

Level Settlement

1 Dundalk, Drogheda

2 Ardee

3 Blackrock, Dunleer, Collon and Carlingford

4 Other small towns and villages

County Dundalk Drogheda Ardee

127% 108% 170% 49.2%


The Strategy highlights that Dundalk and Drogheda are well positioned to be the leading retail centres within

their respective catchments. It is considered that there is sufficient convenience retail spare capacity in both

towns to satisfy requirements up until the year 2012 but thereafter additional convenience floor space will be

required depending on demand driven by population growth. In terms of retail warehouses and retail parks the

strategy suggests that there is considerable existing floor space and that there is unlikely to be any additional

need or demand over the period of the Plan.

The also concludes that Ardee should continue to develop its convenience retail offer in tandem with its

expanding population and that there is a current need for an additional convenience retail store up to 2500

square metres. However, it considers that there is no justifiable need for retail park development. Furthermore,

the development of Ardee’s retail comparison offer should be closely linked to the evolution of the town’s

untapped tourism potential.

In the other towns and villages, the priority is to cater sufficiently for the basic convenience and lower order

comparison requirements of their existing populations, and the aim is to facilitate retail development

commensurate with their population sizes, location and traditional built environment. The retail policies as set

out below are inclusive of those recommended in the retail study.


183

7.3.3 Town and Village Centres

Rural town and village centres have traditionally been at the heart of the economic commercial, social and

cultural heart of rural communities. They were bustling centres of activity which had a complex mix of uses

including residential, retail, professional and other services, leisure and cultural activities. The advent of the

motor car and changing consumer demands have resulted in a decline of the role of town and village centres

as both the residential and commercial functions sought to relocate to more desirable and accessible out-of-

town locations. This has had a negative impact on the fabric and environment of many towns and villages,

resulting in a loss of vibrancy and activity particularly outside of business hours.

The council recognises the important role that rural towns and villages play in the social and economic life and

therefore considers it necessary to devise policies that will protect the vitality and viability of these settlements.

The retail policies outlined above which are derived from the Retail Planning Guidelines 2005 and the

Louth Retail Strategy 2009 seek to preserve the retail function of town and village centres. It is considered

that, though important, retail policies alone will not be sufficient to protect the broader range of essential

town and village centre uses.

Policy

EDE 10 To promote a healthy competitive retail environment withinCounty Louth and to maintain the vitality and viability of townand village centres and their role as primary retail core areas.

EDE 11 To ensure that applications for retail development comply withthe provisions of the Retail Planning Guidelines 2005 and theLouth Retail Strategy 2009.

EDE 12 To support the development of Dundalk and Drogheda asimportant regional shopping centres and to maintain the role ofArdee as a sub county retail centre and the retail function of allother settlements, commensurate with locally generated needs.

EDE 13 To resist the provision of large scale retail developments outsidetown centres subject to the application of the sequential testand demonstration that the existing town centre will not beadversely affected.

EDE 14 To promote the provision of local retail centres serving small,localised catchment populations in new residential areas,commensurate with locally generated needs.

EDE 15 To generally discourage permission for change of use from retailor service (including banks and similar institutions with overthe counter services) to non-retail or non service uses atground-floor level.


7.3.4 Town and VillageCentre EnvironmentsIt is important that town and village

centres are attractive, safe and

easily accessible to all. A number of

town and village improvement

schemes have been carried out

during the period of the last plan,

in co-operation with local Tidy

Towns Committees. The success of

Louth’s towns and villages in the

Tidy Towns Competition bears

testimony to the improvements

made.

Improvements to footpaths, street

lighting, street furniture and landscaping make a valuable contribution to the attractiveness of the

environments of town and village centres. The council will continue to co-operate with local groups towards

further improvement in towns and villages throughout the county.

7.3.5 Architectural Conservation Areas and Protected Structures

Many of the towns and villages within the county have designated architectural conservation areas (ACA) and

a number of protected structures. Any proposed developments within an ACA or involving modifications to a

protected structure shall comply with the requirements as set out in chapter 2 of the Plan.

Policy

EDE 16 To promote the improvement of the environment of town andvillage centres through good design in all development,landscaping, street furniture and public art works.

EDE 17 To improve mobility through traffic management,improvements to pavements, provision of access for mobilityimpaired and public transport waiting facilities.

EDE 18 To co-operate with local Tidy Towns Committees and othercommunity groups in the implementation of environmentalimprovement schemes.


185

7.3.6 Living over the Shop

The council will promote the provision and modernisation of residential accommodation over commercial

premises in towns and villages in order to improve the vibrancy of their centres. This will be subject to the

provision of good quality accommodation with separate and safe access from the street and the protection of

residential amenities from any possible conflict with other uses.

7.3.7 Shopfronts

The towns and villages of County Louth contain numerous examples of traditional shopfront design together

with large numbers of more modern design, much of which reflects a certain amount of corporate

harmonisation. The council will encourage the preservation of authentic, traditional shopfronts and the

provision of good quality contemporary designs.

Design criteria for shopfronts should ensure that:

� Entrances are fully accessible to all people with mobility difficulties

� Where a shopfront involves two or more units, that it is divided with separate fascias and columns to

reflect the separate units

� The shopfront respects the building’s elevation and architectural details. Period shopfronts on protected

structures and in ACAs should be retained

� The design takes into account adjacent shopfronts where they make a positive contribution to

the streetscape

Policy

EDE 20 To encourage the preservation of authentic, tradition shopfrontsand good quality contemporary designs.

Policy

EDE 19 To promote the provision and modernisation of residentialaccommodation over commercial premises in towns and villagesin order to improve the vibrancy of their centres.


7.3.8 Security Shutters

Whilst the council recognises the need for the sufficient security for commercial premises the installation of

security shutters can detract from the appearance, visual amenity and safety of town and village centres

particularly at night and weekends. The council will discourage the mounting or location of rollers on the

exterior of shop premises where such shutters would detract from the streetscape and ambience of the town.

However innovative solutions involving tradition wrought iron window guards or shutters which provide a high

degree of transparency which allows the window display to be visible will be considered.

7.3.9 Canopies and Blinds

Blinds were traditionally incorporated into the shop front fascia and designed to be retracted into it when not

in use. This is still the best way to handle a blind where one is required. Curved and Dutch style canopies are

unsympathetic to the traditional streetscape and will be discouraged.

Policy

EDE 21 To discourage the mounting or location of rollers on the exteriorof shop premises where such shutters would detract from thestreetscape and ambience of the town or village.

EDE 22 To consider innovative solutions including traditional wroughtiron window guards or security shutters which provide a highdegree of transparency which allows the window display tobe visible.

Policy

EDE 23 To encourage the incorporation of blinds, where required, intothe shopfront fascia so that they are capable of being retractedwhen not in use. Curved and Dutch canopies will bediscouraged.


187

7.3.10 Signage

The size, shape and position of signs should reflect the scale and façade of the building on which they are

located. Hand painted signs or illumination by bracket or wash lighting are preferred to internally illuminated

fascia signs. In general signs should not be located above fascia level.

Signage forms an integral part of most shop fronts and commercial areas. However, the proliferation of

insensitive displays of advertisements can seriously detract from the visual quality of the area and have

implications for public safety.

The following guidelines should be applied in the design of town and village centre signage:

� Signage should be kept to a minimum and be of a size, design, scale and degree of illumination which

is compatible with the surrounding area.

� Signage above fascia level, free standing signage and billboards will not normally be permitted.

� Only one projecting sign per unit will be permitted at fascia level.

� Signs should not adversely affect the safety or free flow of traffic, including pedestrian traffic.

� The location of free standing advertisements and other objects shall be discouraged in the interest of

pedestrian safety. Any such objects shall be subject to licence under Section 254 of the Planning and

Development Act, 2000.

� In new development a uniform signage scheme should be prepared and submitted with the planning

application for the relevant development.

7.3.11 Site Coverage

Site coverage shall not exceed 80%.

7.3.12 Height

The height of proposed buildings should respect the height of adjoining structures on either side. Normally

buildings in excess of four storeys in height will be discouraged except at key locations or landmark sites where

taller buildings might be acceptable. The height of new developments should not detract from views of

existing protected structures and landmark buildings.

Policy

EDE 24 To discourage a proliferation of signs within town and villagecentres which would detract from the visual amenities of thestreetscape and which would interfere with the free flow andsafety of vehicular and pedestrian traffic movements.


7.3.13 Overshadowing and Overlooking

Where three or four storey buildings are proposed adjoining lower buildings, the council will require that the

developer submit daylight and shadow projection diagrams and demonstrate that the adjoining properties will

not be unduly affected by the proposed development.

Windows and balconies of new building should avoid overlooking of adjoining property, particularly

residential property.

7.3.14 Car Parking Provision

Car parking shall be provided in accordance with the standards detailed in Table 8.6 within chapter 8 of the

Plan. A relaxation of the car parking standards may be allowed where alternative sustainable solutions such as

access to public transport, accessibility by foot or cycle or where adequate car parking is already available in

the area. A contribution in lieu will be required where car parking standards are relaxed.

7.4 Tourism


189

7.4.1 Introduction

The Economic Development Strategy for County

Louth 2008 identifies the potential of tourism to

contribute significantly to the economic development

of the county. The attractions of County Louth as a

tourist destination include an unspoilt natural

landscape, areas of outstanding natural beauty, clean

uncluttered beaches, a pollution free environment, a

wealth of historical and architectural heritage and a

range of high quality tourist attractions and facilities.

The county is conveniently located to the heavily

populated areas of Greater Dublin and the north east

of the island, centred on Belfast, which provides a

large population mass within a one hour drive of

the county.

The improved road and rail infrastructure which has

been put in place, both north and south of the

border in recent years and accessibility to east coast

air and passenger ferry ports makes the county very

accessible to the international tourism market.


7.4.2 Tourist AttractionsThe broad range of tourist facilities and attractions of County Louth include, inter alia, the following:

� Historic towns of Dundalk, Drogheda, Ardee and Carlingford

� Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty

� 120 kilometres of clean coastline and blue flag beaches

� Marina, sailing and sea adventure centres

� Clean air and water

� A large number of archaeological sites and monument

� Historic Boyne Valley and Battle of the Boyne Site

� A large number of historic houses and landscaped gardens

� Equestrian based activity

� High quality golf courses

� Fishing and angling

� Identified cycling and walking routes

� Cultural based activities

� High quality hotels and other accommodation

� Places of recreation including theatres, cinemas, pubs and restaurants

� All weather racing track and international standard ice rink

7.5 Regional Tourism Policy

Fáilte Ireland East and Midlands Regional Tourism Plan 2008-2010 provides direction for both national

and local agencies, local authorities and other public bodies to contribute to the sustainable development of

tourism in the region. Louth is one of eight counties included in the remit of this plan which aims to deliver

increased tourism benefits to the region by providing better hospitality, greater appeal and an improved quality

of visitor experience.

It notes that visitors are attracted to the region because of the diversity of tourist attractions. Within County

Louth the Cooley Peninsula has proved attractive as a natural base for outdoor pursuits, whilst the major

heritage and historic sites such as those at Monasterboice, Mellifont and the historic towns of Dundalk,

Drogheda, Ardee and Carlingford combine to provide a rich heritage menu.


191

7.5.1 Tourism Plan 2008 - 2012

Louth Hospitality, which is a local authority supported partnership with the private tourism sector in the

county, recently published the Tourism Plan 2008-2012. The mission statement of this action plan is ‘to

attract tourists to County Louth by providing a quality experience’. It aims to offer compelling reasons to

motivate tourists to visit Louth and to make attractions more accessible and tangible. To facilitate the

development of Louth’s heritage sites as top class visitor attractions, it is an objective of the action plan to

provide the necessary infrastructure, visitor services and promotional material to market the sites.

7.5.2 Co-Operation with other Bodies

The council is aware that the development of tourism in County Louth would benefit greatly from a co-

operative approach with other local authorities and relevant agencies both north and south of the border.

Such initiatives could involve the co-funding of tourism infrastructure, product development and marketing.

Co-operation on a number of projects has already taken place and it is proposed to pursue and bring to

fruitation these initiatives during the course of the Plan.

Policy

TOU 1 To support the implementation of the Tourism Plan 2008 - 2012 andthe Failte Ireland East and Midlands Regional Plan 2008 – 2010.

TOU 2 To promote the sustainable development of Louth as a qualitytourist destination themed on heritage, culture and an unspoiltnatural environment and supportive innovative tourism projectsthat would boost employment and promote County Louth as atourism destination subject to compliance with the requirement ofthe development zones in chapter 3.

TOU 3 To assist in the development and marketing of County Louthin conjunction with the local authorities north and south ofthe border.

TOU 4 To support the development of community festivals, culturalactivities and other outdoor activities.


7.5.3 Cross Border Geologically Themed Project

During the period of the Plan, the council will explore with the relevant authorities north of the border the

development of an integrated, themed, cross border project based around the common themes of a high

quality landscape and natural heritage. This is most strongly manifested in the geological underpinnings which

characterize the Cooley Peninsula, Mourne Mountains and Slieve Gullion. This common bond has left a legacy

of great beauty and economic potential which can be harnessed to greatest effect by the respective local

authorities adopting a collaborative approach to the development of the region’s natural wealth.

Much of Cooley, the Mournes and Slieve Gullion comprise of dramatic mountainous areas where the visual

impact is increased by proximity to both the open sea and Carlingford Lough. The open moorland of the

higher areas has a variety of undisturbed wildlife habitats together with large pockets of coniferous forest.

In human terms, the area is rich in archaeological items and renowned in legend and folklore. These factors

together with the isolation and tranquillity combine to give a very broad appeal for visitors and locals alike.

7.5.4 Narrow Water BridgeThe provision of a road link through the construction of a bridge between the Cooley Peninsula in County

Louth and the southern portion of the Mourne Mountains in County Down at Narrow Water would make a

valuable contribution to the development of tourism in Louth and the Mournes. Initial funding for the project

has been provided in the National Development Plan 2007-2013 and preliminary design work commenced.

(Artists impression)

Policy

TOU 5 To pursue the development of an integrated geologically themedcross border tourism project including joint marketing, promotionand where appropriate and viable, infrastructure provision.

7.5.5 Oriel 2012

Oriel 2012 aims to promote the Newry and Mourne and the Louth region as a base for pre-games training

camps for participants in the 2012 London Olympic Games. Given the region's proximity to London, the cluster

will also put in place strategies to attract teams and spectators to the region in their pursuit of leisure and

recreational activities. Membership of the Oriel 2012 cluster is open to businesses, sporting organisations,

schools and support organisations that are keen to tap into the opportunities that will inevitably arise from the

training camps. The council is fully supportive of this initiative.

7.5.6 Boyne Valley

The historic Boyne Valley, Brú Na Bóinne, is a world heritage site. It also contains the site of the historic Battle

of the Boyne. The Boyne Valley falls partially within the functional area of Louth County Council, Meath

County Council and Drogheda Borough Council. The heritage town of Drogheda, which is located on the

Boyne Estuary, is the gateway to the historic Boyne Valley.

The council recognises the significant contribution and potential of the Boyne Valley for the development of

tourism in County Louth and is keen to participate in a joint approach with Meath County Council and

Drogheda Borough Council in its protection, development and promotion.

Therefore it is proposed to co-operate with Meath County Council and Drogheda Borough Council in the

preparation of a strategy for the protection, development and promotion of this important heritage site.

Policy

TOU 7 To support the Oriel 2012 project and co-operate with relativeauthorities, business interests and stakeholders north and south toadvance its implementation.

Policy

TOU 6 To co-operate with the authorities in Northern Ireland in theprovision of a road bridge between Cooley and south County Down.


193

7.5.7 Monasterboice

The Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government has published a draft new tentative list

of potential nominees to the World Heritage List. Monasterboice is one of a representative sample of Early

Medieval Monastic sites in Ireland listed, which embody the Celtic Church’s rich cultural and historical past,

playing a crucial role in Europe’s educational and artistic development.

7.6 Tourist AccommodationGrowth in the tourism sector will result in a corresponding need for more visitor accommodation and facilities

across the county. The council is keen to ensure that there is a range of high quality and affordable

accommodation provided in order to meet the needs of visitors and tourists to the county. However, care will

be needed to ensure that the unspoilt natural environment and landscapes of the county which have been

identified as a major reason why tourists come to County Louth are not compromised by inappropriate tourist

accommodation development.

7.6.1 Hotel, Guest House and Bed and Breakfast Accommodation

The number of hotel beds within the county has

increased significantly over the period of the last

county development plan as a result of the

construction of new hotels in Carlingford,

Drogheda and two in Dundalk. The council will

encourage the provision of additional hotels

including leisure and conference facilities, within

the county in order to attract more visitors and to

boast employment.

Custom built guest houses should be located

within existing towns and villages to avail of and

support existing services.

Policy

TOU 8 To co-operate with Meath County Council and DroghedaBorough Council in the preparation of a strategy for theprotection, development and promotion of the Boyne Valley’sWorld Heritage Site and to support the designation ofMonasterboice as a World Heritage Site.



195

Bed and breakfast accommodation is normally provided within existing dwellings and can be accommodated

in both urban and rural areas. Low cost, high quality guest houses and bed and breakfast accommodation are

an important component in the range of accommodation choice required for a vibrant tourism industry.

7.6.2 Holiday Homes and Self-Catering Accommodation

Holiday homes are defined as ‘purpose built self-contained residential units, which provide

accommodation on a short term basis for visitors to the area’. The council will resist the proliferation of

holiday home developments in rural areas except where the development would involve the conversion or

restoration of existing vernacular buildings and derelict dwellings.

In order to manage the provision of tourist accommodation in a manner that meets the needs of the tourist

while at the same time supports the local economy, it is considered important that the provision of holiday

homes and self catering accommodation should, by and large, be provided within the network of existing

settlements and be of a scale that the settlement can sustain. Therefore the council will resist proposals for the

development of holiday homes and self catering accommodation in the countryside, except where existing

stone buildings of character are to be converted or where the restoration of vernacular dwellings is proposed.

Policy

TOU 10 To facilitate the limited provision of holiday homes and self-catering accommodation in locations within existing towns andvillages, of a scale that the settlement can sustain.

TOU 11 To resist proposals for the development of holiday homes andself catering accommodation in the countryside except whereexisting stone buildings of character are to be converted orwhere the restoration of vernacular dwellings is proposed.

TOU 12 To limit the floor area of all holiday homes and self cateringaccommodation to a maximum of a 100 square metres.

Policy

TOU 9 To encourage the provision of additional hotel, guest house bedspaces and bed and breakfast accommodation in County Louthin conjunction with leisure, conferencing and other associatedfacilities and amenities, subject to the protection of the unspoiltnatural environment and landscapes of the county.


7.6.3 Caravan Parks

The provision of caravan parks which are popular, particularly in coastal locations, can have a serious

detrimental impact on the amenities of the coast unless they are sensitively located and properly managed

and maintained. Proposals for new caravan parks will only be favourably considered where they are located

within a secluded and a mature landscaped setting and where there is an adequate road network to serve

the development.

The focus of the council’s policy in relation to caravan parks will be to secure the upgrading of existing parks

particularly in relation to wastewater treatment, general facilities and amenities.

7.6.4 Budget Hostels

Hostel accommodation, catering primarily for those travelling on a limited budget, occupies an important

niche within the tourist accommodation market. Whilst the individual spend on accommodation is by

definition, low, there can be considerable ancillary spending by such tourists on local services.

Policy

TOU 15 To facilitate the provision of budget hostels within existingurban centres or close to public transport facilities.

Policy

TOU 13 To permit new caravan parks only where they are located withina secluded and a mature landscaped setting and where there isan adequate road network to serve the development.

TOU 14 To encourage the upgrading of existing caravan parks inapproved locations.

7.7 Tourism Related SignageThe provision of directional and promotional

signage is important in facilitating tourists and

enhancing their overall experience and enjoyment

of their visit. The provision of finger posts and other

directional signs is a function of the local authority

and is provided under the roads capital budget.

Significant improvements in this area have taken

place in recent years and the council will continue

to improve road signage where required and

subject to the availability of adequate funding.

In addition to the road signs provided by the

council, Section 254 of the Planning and

Development Act, 2000, makes provision, under

licence from the planning authority, for additional

road signage to facilitate existing significant

activities, including tourist related attractions and

amenities.

The council will favourably consider the granting of

licences for Fáilte Ireland approved finger post

signage where appropriate. However, it should be

recognised that the erection of excessive numbers of signs is counter productive as it leads to clutter and

confusion which detracts from the appearance of buildings and rural landscapes and may conflict with

essential local authority directional and safety signage. Such a proliferation of signage will be resisted by the

council.

Tourism related promotional and advertisement signs are also important for the industry. Such signs should be

suitably designed and appropriately located on the building or within the curtilage as appropriate so that they

do not detract form the visual amenities of the area.

Policy

TOU 16 To continue to improve local authority directional road signageto facilitate visitors to the county.

TOU 17 To facilitate the licensing of Fáilte Ireland approved tourismrelated signage subject to a demonstrated need and theavoidance of clutter and confusion with existing road signage.

TOU 18 To ensure that tourism related promotional and advertisementsigns are suitably designed and appropriately located so thatthey do not detract from the visual amenities of the area.


197


199

8.1 IntroductionThe availability of a high quality, sustainable transport

system and telecommunications network is essential

for economic development and improvements to the

quality of people’s lives. County Louth is fortunate in

having well developed transport facilities, based on a

hierarchy of roads, motorway, national, regional and

local, as well as a main line rail service with busy

stations in both Dundalk and Drogheda.

Significant improvements in transport infrastructure

have been made during the course of the 2003 – 2009

County Development Plan. This includes the

completion of the M1 motorway, the Dundalk western

by-pass and the Dundalk to Newry link road. This

means that the County Louth section of the strategic

Euroroute 1, that connects the key ports of Larne,

Dublin and Rosslare with Europe, is now completed.

Improvements have also been made in the quality and

frequency of the rail service in County Louth. This

Chapter Eight

Transport and Communications

includes improvements to the line, rolling stock and

the availability of park and ride facilities at Dundalk

and Drogheda.

Road transport is by far the main form of transport

within County Louth and plays a crucial role in

contributing to the business life and industrial

competitiveness of the county. However over

dependency on the motor car as the primary means

of personal transportation is unsustainable in the

long term having regard to the finite nature of fossil

fuel resources and their impact in contributing to

global warming. The Plan will therefore seek to

promote alternative sustainable modes of transport.

There is an intrinsic link between land use and

transportation and therefore the settlement strategy

and policies contained in the Plan seek to locate the

majority of new development within existing towns

and other settlements where car dependency can be

reduced and public transport can more economically

and sustainably be provided.

The vital role of telecommunications and broad band

availability in enabling the county to reach its full

economic potential is recognised. There are several

areas where broadband coverage is hampered for

various reasons including the lack of suitable

communication mast towers, topographical features

and low customer numbers. Louth Local Authorities,

in conjunction with service providers are working in

order to eliminate these black spots and will continue

to do so until the county has complete coverage.

The aim of this chapter is to set out a coherent set of

policies that will seek to improve the transportation

system and communications network within the

county in a manner that is sustainable and supports

economic development and improved quality of life

for the people of the county.

Chapter 8 Transport and Communication

8.1.1 Louth County Development Plan 2003 – 2009

The Louth County Development Plan 2003 – 2009 prescribed a clear framework which guided and

facilitated public investment in physical infrastructure throughout the county which has underpinned

continued economic and social development. In addition to the improvements in the national road network,

improvements were also made to a number of regional roads including the Dundalk - Greenore Road, the

Greenore - Omeath Road and improvements to Wallace’s Road, Blackrock and Tierney Street, Ardee.

8.2 National Transportation Policy

8.2.1 Transport 21

Transport 21 is the government’s principal transport

policy and capital investment programme through

which the transport system in Ireland will be

developed over the period 2006 to 2015. This

framework addresses the twin challenges of past

investment backlogs and continuing growth in

transport demand as a result of continuing

economic growth and rapidly rising population. It

provides for an investment in public transport of €16

billion directed towards the provision of greater

choice and alternatives to the private car, particularly

in major urban areas. It also aims to affect a modal

shift from the private car to less polluting and less

energy intensive public and private modes of

transport. Over the period of investment through

Transport 21, Ireland’s transport system will be

transformed with a particular emphasis on

developing an integrated network.

While Transport 21 provides capital funding only for

major infrastructural projects, it is however

complementary to other government initiatives such

as the Rural Transport Programme 2007 and the

Sustainable Travel and Transport Action Plan

2008. Projects proposed in County Louth under

Transport 21 include the N2 Ardee By-Pass

(N2/N52), the upgrade of the N2 Ashbourne to

Ardee road, together with ongoing investment in

new buses and trains for Bus Éireann and Iarnród

Éireann respectively.

8.2.2 A Sustainable Transport Future –ANew Transport Policy for Ireland 2009-2020

In February 2009 the government published the

document A Sustainable Transport Future – A

New Transport Policy for Ireland 2009 -2020. This

concluded that transport and travel trends in Ireland

are unsustainable. Even with the much needed

investment proposed in Transport 21 if we continue

with present policies, congestion will get worse,

transport emissions will continue to grow, economic

competitiveness will suffer and quality of life will

decline.

The policy document outlines a suite of actions that

will have complementary impacts in terms of travel

demand and emissions. These are grouped into the

following overarching actions:

� Reducing distances travelled by the private

car and encourage smarter travel, including

focusing population growth in areas of

employment and to encourage people to live

in close proximity to places of employment

and the use of pricing mechanisms or fiscal

measures to encourage behavioural change.

� Ensuring that alternatives to the car are more

widely available, mainly through a radically

improved public transport service and through

investment in cycling and walking.

� Improving the fuel efficiency of motorised

transport through improved fleet structure,

energy efficient driving and alternative

technologies.

� Strengthening institutional arrangements to

deliver the targets.


201

It is important to understand that the targets and actions proposed are relevant to both urban and rural living.

The government is committed to the implementation of this strategy including improved bus services in rural

areas and actions to promote modal shift.

8.2.3 National Roads Authority - Policy Statement on Development Management andAccess to National Roads 2006

The National Roads Authority’s (NRA), Policy Statement on Development Management and Access to

National Roads 2006, aims to contribute to well informed planning decisions that represent the best option

for sustainable development and achieve consistency of approach nationally to planning and development

issues affecting national roads.

In summary the objectives of this policy statement are to:

� Protect the substantial investment being made by government in upgrading national roads.

� Maintain the intended transport function, traffic carrying capacity and efficiency of the network of

national roads.

� Ensure high standards of safety for road users and that these standards are not compromised by risks

arising from traffic movements associated with multiple access points to the network.

� Extend the service life of the national road network.

� Protect the routes of future roads, including road upgrades, from development.

� Strongly advocate the use of established town and district centres as the preferred locations for new

retail developments that attract many trips, and establish a presumption against large retail centres

being located adjacent or close to existing, new or planned national roads and motorways as such

centres can lead to an inefficient use of costly infrastructure.

The council has had regard to the NRA objectives in formulating policy in the Plan.


8.3 Road InfrastructureRoad transport is the dominant mode of transport within County Louth and plays a crucial role in contributing

to business and industrial competitiveness. The county is fortunate in having an excellent road network

comprising motorway, national primary and secondary routes, strategic regional roads and a dense network of

local roads. Significant expenditure on road infrastructure has taken place in recent years and this is reflected

in the excellent quality of the county’s roads.

8.3.1 Motorways

Louth is strategically located at an approximate midway point on the EO1 Euro route. This links the port of

Larne in County Antrim with Rosslare in County Wexford. The section of the EO1 through County Louth,

which encompasses the M1 motorway and the Dundalk to Newry (A1/N1), is now completed and carries in

excess of six million vehicular journeys per year.

Policy

TC 1 To fully capitalise on the transportation advantages which CountyLouth possesses through pursuing an integrated transportapproach to development which facilitates access to a range oftransport modes and provides genuine transport choice.

TC 2 To support the implementation of government transport policy asexpressed in Transport 21, a Sustainable Transport Future –A New

Transport Policy for Ireland 2009 -2020, the NRA’s Policy Statement

on Development Management and Access to National Roads 2006,National Efficiency Energy Action Plan 1 (May ) and the NationalCycling Policy (April 2009).

TC 3 To promote land use planning measures which aim for co-ordination and integration between land use and transportthroughout the county, thereby maximising the potential of thecounty’s transportation network and encouraging travel by publictransport, walking and cycling.

TC 4 To encourage the provision of modes of transport which areaccessible to all, including people with impaired mobility byreason of disability, age or care roles.


203

8.3.2 Motorway Services

The provision of motorway services is essential for the convenience and safety of the travelling public. The

policy of the National Roads Authority (NRA) in relation to the provision of such services originally was that

these should be provided off line at suitable interchanges through the normal planning process. Therefore

planning permission was granted for such off line services at Dunleer and Newtownbalreggan. The policy of

the NRA on this matter has changed and it now proposes to provide on-line motorway services through a

public private partnership mechanism (PPP). The planning process is currently underway for on-line motorway

service facilities at Whiterath, Dromiskin.

8.3.3 National Routes

Louth is benefiting from very significant investment that has taken place in Ireland’s national road network.

The NRA advocates that the strategic role of this road network in catering for the safe and efficient movement

of major inter-urban and inter-regional traffic be safeguarded to allow for the effective delivery of these

investments. Table 8.1 outlines the number of national routes that run through County Louth.

� TABLE 8.1 National Routes in County Louth

This council will continue to implement measures to safeguard the capacity and safety of these national routes

so that they can continue to perform their strategic role and maintain their importance to the future

development of the county.

8.3.4 Regional and Local Roads

Regional and local roads form the life lines of

transportation needs across the county. It is

via these roads that the vast majority of

smaller towns, villages and dispersed rural

communities and services are accessed.

Since 2000, many regional and county roads

have benefited from significant investment

under the National Development Plan

2000 – 2006. Notable projects completed

include the R173 Rampark – Bellurgan road,

thereby providing enhanced access to the

Cooley Peninsula and the commercial port at

Greenore.

National Primary National Secondary

N2 Dublin - Derry N51 Drogheda – Slane

N1/A1 Dundalk - Newry N52 Dundalk - Kells

N53 Dundalk - Castleblayney


8.4 Protected National and Regional RoutesThe council considers it necessary to restrict new accesses and the intensification of existing accesses along

national and certain strategic regional routes in order to preserve their carrying capacity, their life span and in

the interest of traffic safety. Details of these roads including restrictions and exemptions are set out in Table 8.2

(national routes) and Table 8.3 (regional routes).

Policy

TC 5 To provide and maintain a road hierarchy based on motorway,national routes, regional routes and local roads and to maintainthe carrying capacity and lifespan of the road network and ensurehigh standards of safety for road users and to require that allproposals for development that would be likely to impactsignificantly on the carrying capacity of national routes beaccompanied by Traffic Impact Assessment, Road Safety Auditsand Mobility Management Plans in accordance with guidancecontained in the Dublin Transportation Office guidance – Trafficand Transport Assessment Guidelines.

TC 6 To support the implementation of the NRA’s policy in relation tothe provision of on-line and off-line motorway services.

TC 7 To prohibit all developments within 100 metres of the fence lineof the M1 motorway and Newry to Dundalk link road (N1/A1),outside of any zoned land.

TC 8 To prohibit any external lighting or illumination and anyadvertisement signs that would interfere with the free flow of, ordistract traffic, using the road network.

� TABLE 8.2 National Routes - Restrictions and Exemptions on Access


205

Road Category Restrictions Exemptions

Motorways No direct access None

Dual carriageways No direct access None

Single Carriageways

(National Primary and National

Secondary Routes)

No direct access 1 Where the new access would

eliminate a traffic hazard.

2 Where a new access is

required for any major

employment generating

activity, including tourism or

development of national or

regional importance.

3 Extensions to an authorised

use where the additional

traffic generated would not

result in the creation of a

traffic hazard.

4 Where a new access is to a

fixed natural resource of

national or regional

importance where no other

suitable vehicular access can

be provided.


� TABLE 8.3 Protected Regional Routes - Restrictions and Exemptions on Access

*It is anticipated that this road will be constructed during the period of this Plan.

Policy

TC 9 To prohibit the creation of new accesses or intensification ofexisting accesses onto national routes and protected regionalroutes as set out in Tables 8.2 and 8.3.

Routes Restrictions Exemptions

� R173/R175 Dundalk –

Greenore

� R173/R176 Greenore –

Carlingford – Omeath

(Cornamucklagh)

� R178-Dundalk –

Carrickmacross (Essexford)

� R171 Dundalk –

Louth Village

� R169 Dunleer – Collon

� R168 Drogheda – Collon

� R166 Drogheda –

Termonfeckin

� R132 Dundalk – Drogheda

� R177 Dundalk - Armagh

� Port Access Northern

Cross Road*

No new access or

intensification of

existing accesses.

1 Where the new access would eliminate a

traffic hazard.

2 Where a new access is required for any

major development, including tourism

developments, of national, regional or

local importance.

3 Where new access is to a fixed natural

resource of national, regional or local

importance where no other suitable

vehicular access can be provided.

4 Extensions to an authorised use where

the additional traffic generated would

not result in the creation of a traffic

hazard.

5 Dwellings required to satisfy the housing

needs of persons who have lived for not

less than 10 years in the area, where no

other site is available off a minor road,

and where the existing entrance

servicing the family home is used. Where

the entrance to the existing family home

cannot be used, consideration will be

given for one new entrance only onto

the adjoining protected regional route.

A condition confining occupancy to a

family member for a minimum of 7 years

will be attached to any permission

granted under this exemption.

8.5 EntrancesThe provision of suitable and safe entrances is essential to facilitate traffic flow and movements and to protect

the safety of roads users. Visibility standards in respect of new entrances onto all categories of roads and

vehicle dwell areas are set out in Tables 8.4 and 8.5.

� TABLE 8.4 Minimum Visibility Standards

* Where the 85% percentile speed on a local class 2 or a local class 3 road is shown to be below 50 kilometres per

hour, the minimum sight distance requirements contained in the document National Roads Authority –Design

Manual for Roads and Bridges, shall apply.

� TABLE 8.5 Vehicle Dwell Areas

� FIGURE 8.1 Visibility Splays


207

Road Category Sight distance (Y) Visibilityrequirementover ground

Distance backfrom edge ofcarriageway (X)(1 to 6 houses)

Distance backfrom edge ofcarriageway (X)(More than 6houses andnon domesticdevelopments)

National

and Protected

Regional Routes

215m 0.6 - 1.05m 2.4m 4.5m

Regional 125m 0.6 - 1.05m 2.4m 4.5m

Local Class 1 75m 0.6 - 1.05m 2.4m 4.5m

Local Class 2 75m 0.6 - 1.05m 2.4m 4.5m

Local Class 3 75m 0.6 - 1.05m 2.4m 4.5m

Cul de Sac 75m 0.6 - 1.05m 2.4m 4.5m

Domestic accessess Commercial accessess

Gradient 0% to 2% for at least 5 metres Gradient 0% to 2% for at least 15 metres


8.6 Vehicular Parking StandardsThe parking standards required by the council in respect of specified uses are set out 8.6 below. In the case of

any uses not specified, the standard for the closest similar use will apply, or such other requirement as may be

determined by the council.

� TABLE 8.6 Car Parking Requirements

Policy

TC 10 To apply the visibility standards and vehicle dwell areasrequirements as set out in Tables 8.4 and 8.5

Land-useUrban/Brownfield No.of Spaces per Unit

Sub-urban/BrownfieldNo. of Spaces per Unit

Dwellings 1 per dwelling 2 per dwelling

Apartments 1 per dwelling 2 per dwelling

Residential Institutions 1 per two units 1 per two units

Retail 1 per 20m2 1 per 10m2

Bar/Discos/Dancehalls 1 per 5m2 public space 1 per 5m2 public space

Restaurant/Function Room 1 per 10m2 public space 1 per 5m2 public space

Hotel/Guest House 1 per two bedrooms 1 per bedroom

Offices 1 per 40m2 1 per 30m2

Banks/Financial Inst. 1 per 30m2 1 per 25m2

Industrial 1 per 50m2 1 per 50m2

Warehousing 1 per 100m2 1 per 75m2

Retail warehousing* 1 per 40m2 1 per 25m2

Cash and Carry 1 per 50m2 1 per 25m2

Showrooms 1 per 50m2 1 per 25m2

Cinemas/Theatres 1 per 10 seats 1 per 5 seats

Conference Halls/churches 1 per class room 1 per 5 seats

Schools 1 per class room 1 per class room

Clinics/Doctor’s Surgery 3 spaces per consulting

room

3 spaces per consulting

room

Leisure Centres/Clubs 1 per 50m2 public space 1 per 30m2 public space

Nursing Homes 1 per employee and 0.5

per bed

1 per employee and 0.5

per bed


209

*Retail warehouses or warehouse buildings for the purpose of retailing bulky products such as furniture, white

electrical goods, DIY and carpets which are difficult to retail in town centre locations.

Parking bays shall be a minimum of 5 metres x 2.5 metres with circulation aisles at least 6 metres wide.

Parking for persons with mobility impairment should be provided at a rate of one space per ten spaces, and

each space shall be a minimum of 3.5 metre wide.

In addition to the car parking standards, sufficient space will be required for all service vehicles involved in the

operation of the business or building within the curtilage.

8.7 Roads Improvement Programme 2008 -2015The council’s Road Improvement Programme covers the period 2008 to 2015. This programme, which is set

out in Table 8.7, 8.8, 8.9 and 8.10 will be implemented by the council and the NRA over the period of the

Plan. Where the proposed road works are of such a scale and magnitude that warrants the preparation of an

environmental impact statement, planning approval will be required from An Bord Pleanála.

� TABLE 8.7 Motorways and National Routes

Policy

TC 11 To require compliance with the parking standards as specified inTable 8.6.

TC 12 To require the provision of car parking spaces for persons withimpaired mobility at a rate of one space in ten.

TC 13 To permit a reduction of the above standards in respect of certaintown and village centre developments and developments adjacentto transportation nodes or where the developer providesacceptable alternative modes of transport. Where a reduction incar parking standards is accepted, a contribution in lieu of theprovision of car parking will normally be required.

Road number Location and Proposed Works

N2 Ardee By-Pass

N52 Ardee By-Pass

N2 Ashbourne to Ardee

N51 Drogheda to Slane

N53 Dundalk to Castleblaney

N33 Junctions improvements and new access to Cappocksgreen


� TABLE 8.8 Regional Routes

� TABLE 8.9 Strategic New Roads

� TABLE 8.10 Proposed Capital Works Programmes

Policy

TC 14 To secure the implementation of the council’s RoadImprovement Programme 2008 – 2015 as detailed in Table 8. 7,8.8, 8.9 and 8.10 and to keep free from development all landsidentified for the construction and improvement of national,regional and local roads within the county.


R178 Dundalk to Carrickmacross

Location and Proposed Works

Port Access Northern Cross Route (Drogheda)

Dundalk Western Infrastructure Relief Route

Narrow Water Bridge


Boyne Bridge, East of Viaduct New Bridge

R173 Bellurgan and Omeath to Border

R165 Shanlis to Lowtown

R168 Hill of Rath to Collon

R171 Ardee to Louth Village to Dundalk

R169 General Improvements




211

8.8 Gateway and Hub LinksDiscussions are ongoing with Cavan and Monaghan County Councils with a view to progressing upgraded

links between the Dundalk gateway and the hubs towns of Cavan and Monaghan. The upgrade of these

routes will improve links across the Border Region to the gateways of Sligo and Letterkenny.

It is proposed that the Louth section of the Dundalk to Cavan route via Carrickmacross and of the Dundalk to

Monaghan route, via Castleblayney, will be upgraded during the course of this Plan.

8.9 Transport Audit and MappingLouth is currently embarking on a number of important new developments aimed at improving the quality of

life of its citizens and making its public services more responsive to the needs of key target groups. Providing

appropriate passenger transport options within existing resources will be critical to the success of these

initiatives. For this reason the council will carry out a transport audit and mapping study.

The objectives of the study are to:

� Identify effective ways of improving access to important services through a more comprehensive local

passenger transport service to meet the needs of key target groups.

� Identify opportunities for rationalisation and better deployment of existing resources.

The study will be primarily focussed on those who are vulnerable to a lack of transport. The key groups include

older people, especially those living in isolated rural areas, young people, people on low incomes and people

with mobility, sensory or cognitive impairments. The mapping exercise will include transport services provided

by private, public and voluntary organisations. The study will examine the potential for public service vehicles

to provide a wider public service when not needed for their primary function.

Policy

TC 15 To seek improvements in the linkages between the borderregional gateways of Dundalk, Sligo and Letterkenny and withthe hub towns of Cavan and Monaghan.


Policy

TC 17 To co-operate with the relevant transport authorities andoperators, both public and private, to secure improvements inand expansion of the public transport in the county.

TC 18 To encourage a modal shift from use of the private car towardsmore sustainable modes such as public transport, cyclingand walking.

Policy

TC 16 To carry out a transport audit and mapping study of CountyLouth to examine the way in which local transport passengerservices can be improved and he potential for public servicevehicles to provide a wider public service when not needed fortheir primary function.

8.10 Public TransportPublic transport in County Louth is provided by way

of bus and rail services together with taxi and

hackney services. Public transport is at its most

effective when operating in corridors where there is

a medium or high density of population. In County

Louth, there are good quality public transport

services between Dundalk and Drogheda.

Through the local area plans process, the council

will seek to promote the enhancement of public

transport services and infrastructure, in the main

towns, villages and rural areas. Gaps and

inadequacies in public transport services are notable

in many parts of the county, especially in dispersed

rural areas. This affects primarily older people, the

young, people with limited mobility and those on

low incomes.

8.11 Rail TransportThe Dublin – Belfast rail line crosses the county on a

north south axis. There are two operating railway

stations at Dundalk and Drogheda. At present,

Iarnród Eireann and Northern Ireland Railways

jointly operate the Enterprise rail service on a

frequent basis between Dublin and Belfast. There

are proposals to introduce an hourly inter-city

service on this route by 2010. Both Dundalk and

Drogheda are also linked to greater Dublin and

beyond by Iarnrod Eireann’s commuter services.

Drogheda in particular benefits from a very high

frequency service to Dublin and the town itself is

the site of Iarnród Éireann’s national centre for

servicing commuter trains.

County Louth will benefit substantially from a

number of capital programmes currently being

progressed by Iarnród Éireann. These include

resignalling projects around Greater Dublin and the

Dublin Inter-connector which will re-route DART

services underground, thereby allowing more

frequent commuter rail services from Louth. Iarnród

Éireann has stated that they will continue to work

closely with all stakeholders regarding the potential

for new stations in County Louth. These include

potential sites serving the North Drogheda Environs,

Dundalk South West and Dunleer.


213

The policy of the council in the 2003 -2009 County Development Plan was to secure the re-opening of the

Dunleer railway station. It was also the policy to secure the provision of new railway stations in the Dundalk

South West and the North Drogheda Environs. It remains the policy of the council to secure, in co-operation

with Iarnród Éireann, improved rail services in County Louth, particularly for the mid and south Louth areas.

8.11.1 Drogheda Navan Rail Link

Drogheda is linked to Navan by a freight rail link. The

council will support the upgrading of this link to full

passenger rail status.

8.11.2 Rail Based Park and Ride Facilities

Park and ride facilities operate at both Dundalk

and Drogheda rail stations. These facilities are

heavily utilized, operating well in excess of their

capacities. Additional rail based park and ride

capacity is required at both these stations and this

issue will be addressed through their respective

development plans.


8.12 Bus TransportBus Éireann provides the mainstay of public bus

services within County Louth. Over the course of the

previous plan, the core services running through the

central spine of the county linking Dundalk with

Drogheda and Dublin have been considerably

improved. There is now a high frequency service

linking the capital to the county utilizing modern

vehicles. The service operates both as an express

link using the M1 Motorway and also as a local

service calling at the various towns and villages along

the route.

The county has also benefited from an increasing

frequency of long distance bus services operated by

Bus Éireann and Ulsterbus linking Dublin with Belfast

and Dublin with Derry. Both services now operate on a high frequency, twenty-four hour basis. Other long

distance services operate to Athlone and Galway, albeit on a less frequent basis.

With the funding provided through Transport 21, Bus Éireann has committed to improving bus services

through certain areas of the county. This includes the enhancement of services around the Cooley Peninsula

together with improved frequencies between Dundalk and Newry, some of which will operate via the

Cooley Peninsula.

Local bus services link Dundalk and Drogheda with surrounding towns and villages in the county. However

links with more distant towns in adjacent counties are relatively poor. In particular, links with the neighbouring

NSS hubs of Monaghan and Cavan are extremely poor.

Policy

TC 19 To secure, in co-operation with Iarnród Éireann, improved railservices in County Louth, particularly for the mid and southLouth areas.

TC 20 To support the opening of the Drogheda to Navan railway linefor passenger services.

TC 21 To support the improvement of rail based park and ride facilitiesin Dundalk and Drogheda and in conjunction with any newrailway station located in the county.


215

County Louth is also well serviced by private bus operators with the two major towns linked to greater Dublin

by private operators.

The rural areas of the county have access to a limited bus service provided by both Bus Éireann and private

operators.

8.12.1 Bus Based Park and Ride Facilities

There is potential for the development of a network of bus based park and ride facilities in the county at

transport intersections. This is particularly the case at the urban interchanges adjacent to Dundalk and

Drogheda. There may also be limited opportunities for similar facilities at other strategic locations.

Policy

TC 22 To work in co-operation with other public bodies, agencies andcommunity groups, to secure improvements in publictransportation within the county and greater integration ofexisting and any new services.

TC 23 To encourage the provision of enhanced public transport servicesand infrastructure both within and between the main towns ofthe county.

TC 24 To ensure that bus routes and adequate services are providedwithin all new proposals for substantial residentialdevelopments.

TC 24 To investigate the feasibility of the provision of bus based parkand ride facilities at urban based motorway interchanges andother strategic locations elsewhere in County Louth.

8.13 Rural Transport ProgrammeThe lack of public transport options represents a serious issue for many people living in rural areas of County

Louth. This has been identified as a key factor underlying levels of exclusion in rural areas. A Rural Transport

Service Audit and Needs Assessment carried out in the county in 2001 identified that as many as 25% of

people have a public transport need. Much of this segment of the population comprises older people, people

with disabilities, young people and people on low incomes. Transport provision in rural areas is poorly

integrated, resulting in uneconomic and inefficient use of existing resources. The main types of journey for

which provision is required include work, shopping, education and health journeys.

The Rural Transport Programme (RTP) was launched in 2007, building on the success of the Rural

Transport Initiative 2000 – 2006 and putting the former pilot scheme on a permanent mainstream, with

significantly more funding. It was set up to address social exclusion in rural areas arising from unmet public

transport needs. The scheme provides funding for community organisations and community partnerships to

address the transport needs of their area.

In February 2008, Louth Leader Partnership commissioned a review and further survey of the transport needs

of people living in rural areas of the county. This survey will assist the partnership in devising a public transport

system to service those most in need. Funding is available under the NDP 2007 - 2013 for the provision of rural

based public transport.

8.14 Ports

County Louth has three commercial ports and one fishing port within its boundaries. These are located at

Drogheda, Dundalk, Greenore and Clogherhead, the latter being a major commercial fishing port. The ports of

Drogheda, Dundalk and Greenore operate as independent port authorities whereas Clogherhead falls under

the remit of Louth County Council. The council has invested heavily in the improvement of facilities at

Clogherhead over the course of the previous plan period. During the course of the Plan, it is anticipated that

there will be significant investment in Greenore Port. Greenore has significant potential for development as a

deep water port catering for both lo-lo and ro-ro traffic.

Policy

TC 26 To support Louth Leader Partnership in the provision ofimproved public transport in the rural areas of the county.



217

The M1 motorway provides excellent road linkages from the county’s commercial ports to the rest of the

country and ultimately to the wider markets of the UK, Europe and beyond.

8.15 AirportsAlthough there are no airports located within County Louth, the county enjoys the benefit of rapid access to

both Dublin and Belfast airports. This provides international linkages and significant economic development

opportunities, particularly with regard to the attraction of foreign direct investment and visitors to the county.

Policy

TC 27 To ensure that there is sufficient land available for port expansionand related uses and to support the development and expansionof the ports of Drogheda, Dundalk, Greenore and Clogherhead,subject to the preparation of an appropriate assessment exerciseunder the provisions of the EU Habitats Directive.

8.16 Cycling and WalkingThe policy document, Sustainable Development: A

Strategy for Ireland identifies the increased

provision of cycle lanes and safer facilities for

pedestrians as a key priority. These can be facilitated

by improvements in the design of roads and should

be incorporated as part of the design schemes for all

new residential, educational, employment and

recreational developments. Good quality and safe

cycling and walking facilities and their use,

particularly in urban areas, can make a valuable

contribution to the reduction in traffic congestion

and the encouragement of significant modal shift

away from dependency on the use of the private

motor car.


8.17 Communications

8.17.1 Telecommunications

Over the course of the previous County Development Plan 2003

– 2009, there has been a roll-out of quality broadband services

across the whole country funded largely by the National

Development Plan but also with significant private sector

involvement. The Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

programme has seen the roll-out of broadband infrastructure to

Drogheda, Dundalk and Ardee. The remaining deficiencies in the

broadband network will be addressed under the National

Broadband Scheme (NBS) during the course of the Plan.

Policy

TC 28 To provide where possible, traffic free pedestrian and cyclistroutes especially where they would facilitate more direct, saferand pleasant alternatives routes to those of the private car.

TC 29 To incorporate, where feasible, provision for cycle and pedestrianpaths within new road proposals and improvement schemes.

TC 30 To promote the development of cycling by the provision of cycleroutes in both rural and urban areas.

TC 31 To investigate the possibility of developing linear cycle routesutilizing existing natural or manmade corridors such as riversidesand abandoned road and rail infrastructure, subject to thepreparation of an appropriate assessment exercise under theprovisions of the EU Habitats Directive.

TC 32 To encourage the provision of secure bicycle parking facilities intowns, at neighbourhood centres and at public facilities such asschools, libraries and in all new developments.


219

8.17.2 Broadband

The vital role of high quality telecommunications in enabling the county to reach its full economic potential is

recognised. High speed broadband is an important asset in order to attract inward investment into the county

and to promote indigenous businesses and commercial activity. County Louth is relatively well serviced by

broadband, however, some gaps remain in the level of availability. There are a number of areas where

broadband coverage is hampered for various reasons including lack of suitable communication mast towers,

topographical features and low customer numbers that affects economic viability. Louth Local Authorities, in

conjunction with service providers, are working in order to eliminate these black spots and will continue to do

so until the county has complete coverage.

Because of rigidities in the market place, the government has increasingly encouraged local authorities to

become directly involved in the provision of broadband and associated technologies. In this regard, the council

is jointly involved in two initiatives, the Dundalk Technology City Project and the North East Broad Band

Proposal (encompassing Monaghan, Cavan and Louth), in order to provide the infrastructure to enable existing

and new high technology and knowledge based enterprise to grow and develop.

The government has made significant investments in the communications sector through international

connectivity, backhaul infrastructure, and in the MANS. MANs have been operational in Dundalk and

Drogheda since 2005 and more recently in Ardee. The network is publicly owned but allows all

telecommunication operators open access to it.

Policy

TC 34 To support a programme of broadband connectivity throughoutthe County and facilitate the expansion of broadband in moreremote areas.

Policy

TC 33 To secure the provision of high quality broadband andtelecommunication infrastructure within the county in theinterests of promoting economic growth and competitiveness.


8.17.3 Open Access Ducting

The council will require that open access is made available to all ducting networks provided within the Plan

area in order to support a competitive telecommunications service and to safeguard existing roads and

footpaths from unnecessary excavation. These networks will remain in the ownership of the developer until

taken in charge by the council. The council will require by way of condition attached to any grant of planning

permission that the service provider enter into an agreement with the council to ensure that open access at an

economic cost is provided.

Policy

TC 35 To require that open access ducting for new developments ismade available to all service providers on a non-exclusive leasebasis at an economic cost.

8.17.4 Land Based Telephony

The importance of the traditional land based

telephony has decreased over recent years due to the

rapid upsurge in demand and developments in

mobile telephony. Nevertheless, land based telephony

remains an essential part of the telecommunications

networks. The service is well developed and of a high

standard throughout the county and is continually

being upgraded by the service providers. The two

major telephone exchanges located within the

county are located in Dundalk and Drogheda.

8.17.5 Mobile Telephony

There have been considerable advances made in

extending the mobile telephony network and service

in the county in recent years. A high quality reliable

phone service is a necessity for both business users

and the public alike. It is important that the Plan

contains guidance for the appropriate provision of

the required infrastructure. When suitably located

and designed this infrastructure can go unnoticed to

the untrained eye.


221

8.17.6 Development Management Assessment Criteria for Telecommunication Structures

Planning applications for telecommunications will in addition to the above, be assessed having regard to the

following:

� Applicants should demonstrate that they are locating telecommunications equipment in accordance

with the sequential approach outlined in the telecommunications guidelines Telecommunications and

Antennae Support Structures, Guidelines for Planning Authorities (1999). Only as a last resort

will free standing structures be permitted where there is a perceived threat to the visual or aesthetic

amenity of a place.

� To ensure that the proposed siting for free standing antenna support structures should be suitably

located and designed in order to reduce visual impact. It is accepted that operators require certain

sightlines in order to provide coverage, however it must be demonstrated that the location is not

unduly obtrusive. Setting installations against an appropriate backdrop may mitigate negative impacts.

The site should be made secure using appropriate fencing and natural landscaping. Anti-climbing

devices should be employed.

� Applicants must undertake to make their antenna support structures available and/or ducting to other

service providers at an economic cost.

� All installations attached to structures should employ the latest technology and stealth techniques (wall

mounting, painting, cable tray covers, set back distances from roof edge etc.) in order to minimise their

size and visual impact. Each piece of equipment should be justified.

Policy

TC 36 To require that all new mobile telecommunication installationscomply with the guidelines issues by the Department ofCommunications, Marine and Natural Resources publicationHealth Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, 2007.

TC 37 To ensure that all mobile telecommunication infrastructurescomply with the standards set out in the documentTelecommunications Antennae and Support Structures,

Guidelines for Planning Authorities 1996 issued by the DoEHLGand the development management assessment criteria set out in8.16.8.

TC 38 To operate a presumption against the location of antennaesupport structures where such structures would have a seriousnegative impact on the visual amenity of sensitive sites andlocations.

TC 39 To require operators to share antenna support structures andsites where feasible.


8.17.7 Obsolete Telecommunications Structures

Technology in the field of telecommunications is constantly advancing. This results in infrastructures rapidly

becoming outmoded. In order to prevent a proliferation of such infrastructures which would be detrimental to

the visual amenities of the county’s landscape, permission will normally be for a period of five years only,

whereon obsolete mobile telecommunication infrastructures must be removed by the operator and the site re-

instated. A bond or cash deposit will be sought to ensure compliance with any such condition imposed. Any

permission granted for a further period on the site will be conditional on the replacement of the obsolete

technology with more modern and environmentally friendly designs where these have become available.

8.17.8 Domestic Satellite Dishes

Satellite dishes, if inappropriately sited, can materially harm the character and appearance of historic buildings,

important townscapes and the character of rural areas. While satellite dishes can be erected as exempted

development under the Planning and Development Regulations, 2001 (as amended), these provisions are

not applicable where the dwelling is a protected structure or the dwelling is sited within an architectural

conservation area.

Policy

TC 41 To prohibit satellite dishes where they would materially harmthe character and appearance of a protected Structure, anarchitectural conservation area or in any other area wherethey would cause unacceptable harm to the visual amenities ofthe area.

Policy

TC 40 To grant planning permission for telecommunications relatedstructures for a maximum period of five years, except inexceptional circumstances, and to require the removal of allobsolete telecommunication structures and re-instatement ofsites to the satisfaction of the planning authority. A cash bondand development levies will be imposed.


223

9.1 IntroductionEnergy is an essential component of human activity

and the availability of a clean and constant supply

to meet the needs of current and future

generations is of growing concern to governments

and peoples across the globe. In addition, the

traditional use of fossil fuels as the main global

energy source, particularly oil consumption, is

having a significant impact in accelerating

global warming.

During the duration of the 2003 – 2009 County

Development Plan, County Louth, in common with

the rest of the State, experienced rapidly increasing

energy consumption. In national terms, the increase

in the use of energy, combined with a decreasing

domestic production capacity, resulted in a

significant increase in energy imports. Over the

period 1990 to 2006 Ireland experienced high levels

of growth in energy demand, of an average of

3.3% per year. Between 1990 and 2006, Ireland’s

total annual energy use grew in absolute terms by

67%. The State as a whole is highly dependent

upon imported oil and gas to meet its energy

needs. However in 2006, 8.5% of Ireland’s gross

electricity was produced from renewable energy,

compared to 4.9% in 1990.

In 2008, An Bord Pleanála granted planning

permission for a gas powered 450 mega watt

electricity generating station at Toomes, north west

of Louth Village. When commissioned, this plant

will provide an important source of energy that will

be of major benefit to County Louth, particularly

with regard to economic development and

competitiveness.

The key objective of the council in relation to

energy is to ensure that the county has sufficient

energy resources available to drive economic

development and improvement in the quality of life

of the people of Louth.

Chapter Nine

Energy

Chapter 9 Energy

9.2 EU and National PolicyThe European Council Energy Action Plan, 2007 endorsed a binding target of 20% of EU energy

consumption being produced from renewable resources by 2020. The Government’s Energy White Paper –

Delivering a Sustainable Energy Future for Ireland (2007) contains the following key targets with regard

to renewable electricity.

� 15% of Ireland’s gross electricity consumption from renewable sources to be achieved by 2010

� 30% biomass co-firing at three state owned peat power generation stations to be achieved by 2015

� 33% of Ireland’s gross electricity consumption from renewable sources to be achieved by 2020

� 500 megawatt (MW) ocean energy capacity to be installed by 2020

� 400 MW combined heat and power (CHP) with particular emphasis on biomass fuelled CHP, to be

achieved by 2010 and 800 MW by 2020

EU and national policy is aimed at the creation of a competitive renewable energy sector characterised by

innovation and driven by research and technology led development.

The council is aware that the County Louth has significant potential for the development of renewable sources

of energy such as wind, solar, ocean, tidal and bio energy and therefore, the provision of such alternative

energy resources will be encouraged on suitable sites throughout the county.

9.3 Sustainable Energy Authority Ireland (SEAI)Sustainable Energy Authority Ireland was set up by the

government in 2002 as Ireland’s national energy agency to

promote and assist the development of sustainable energy.

Under the government’s decentralisation programme, SEAI is

being relocated to Dundalk. The organisation currently occupies

a regional office in the Finnabair Industrial Estate and has

developed strong linkages with Dundalk Institute of Technology, Louth County Council, Dundalk Town Council

and the private sector.

Sustainable Energy Authority Ireland has been instrumental in the development and implementation of a

number of innovative energy use and conservation projects in Louth, primarily in Dundalk. These include:

� The Dundalk 2020 Holistic Project. This involves a partnership between SEAI, Dundalk Town Council,

Louth County Council, institutional bodies and the private sector supported by EU Concerto funding.

Policy

EN 1 To promote and encourage the provision of alternative energyresources in line with the Government’s White Paper Deliveringa Sustainable Energy Future for Ireland.


225

The project covers a defined geographical area in the south of Dundalk and aims to secure the efficient

use of energy, including a minimum of 20% of energy requirements from renewable resources.

� Bright Ideas event. The first Bright Ideas event was held in Dundalk in 2008. It brought together over

one hundred of the north east’s lighting manufacturers, engineers, architects, interior designers,

property managers and lighting retailers to learn more about how to use lighting in an effective and

efficient manner.

The council will work in partnership with, and support existing and proposed initiatives by SEAI in

County Louth.

9.4 Electricity Transmission Power LinesThe provision of a secure and reliable electricity transmission infrastructure is essential to ensuring the growth

of Louth’s economy. While certain classes of development by the statutory electricity providers constitute

exempted development under the Planning and Development Regulations, major electricity infrastructure

provision is subject to planning control.

Policy

EN 3 To support the statutory providers of national grid infrastructureby protecting identified strategic corridors from encroachmentby developments that might compromise the provision ofenergy networks.

EN 4 To require the under-grounding of electrical cables within newresidential, commercial or civic developments.

EN 5 To require that all high voltage lines of 38 KV and over complywith all internationally recognised standards with regard toproximity to dwellings and other structures in which thepublic assemble.

EN 6 To ensure that the siting of electricity power lines is managed interms of the visual impact on the environment, especially insensitive landscapes.

Policy

EN 2 To work in partnership with, and support existing and proposedinitiatives by, SEAI in County Louth.

Chapter 9 Energy

9.5 Natural Gas Supply NetworkBord Gais Éireann has a substantial distribution network in County Louth, covering Dundalk, Drogheda,

Dunleer, Ardee and Termonfeckin. Factors such as demand, size of settlements and commercial developments,

especially adjacent to the existing network, drives expansions of their service.

9.6 Renewable EnergyIreland has significant renewable energy resource

potential in terms of wind, wave, solar, tidal, ocean

and bio energy and it is important that these

resources are developed and fully utilised in order to

reduce dependency on costly, imported fossil fuels.

The National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS)

2007 – 2012 details the measures by which Ireland

will meet its Kyoto 2008 - 2012 commitment. It

states that ‘electricity generation from

Policy

EN 8 To encourage the production of combined heat and powergeneration (CHP) from suitable industrial and municipal activitiesand the production of energy from renewable resources, includingwind, solar, ground heat source, biomass, tidal, wave andgeneration from waste material, subject to normal properplanning considerations, including in particular the impact onareas of environmental or landscape sensitivity.

EN 9 To co-operate with the appropriate authorities in Northern Irelandin the provision of all-island renewable energy.

EN 10 To require that all new buildings in County Louth demonstratethat at least 25% of a building’s energy requirements are fromrenewable sources. This should be calculated on the basis of anapproved method carried out by a qualified and accredited expert.

Policy

EN 7 To support the expansion of the natural gas supply network inthe county.

renewable sources provides the most effective

way of reducing the contribution of power

generation to Ireland’s greenhouse gas

emissions’.

The development of renewable energy sources will

assist in the provision of a secure and stable energy

supply for the long term and will also provide

employment in indigenous renewable energy projects

which are often located in rural areas.


227

9.6.1 Wind Energy

Wind energy can make a significant contribution as a

clean sustainable solution to energy requirements. It is

envisaged that wind power generation will play a

major role in the achievement of green electricity targets

in Ireland, due to the prevailing climatic conditions.

Although located on the east coast where wind

availability and speed tends to be less than west coast

locations, County Louth still has significant potential for

wind energy production. However, the county’s diverse

landscapes have varying degrees of sensitivity to wind

energy generating infrastructure and therefore, care will

need to be exercised in their location and siting.

The Wind Energy Development Guidelines for

Planning Authorities 2006 published by the Department

of Environment, Heritage and Local Government sets out

in detail various development control considerations,

including site selection, siting and layout for various types

of wind energy projects.

The council carried out substantial preliminary work on

the preparation of a detailed wind energy development

strategy and based on considerations of wind speed,

designated conservation sites and landscape sensitivity,

has identified “preferred areas”, “areas open for consideration” and “no go areas” in accordance with the

DoEHLG guidelines. These are identified in Map 9.1.

Policy

EN 12 To promote the location of wind farms and wind energyinfrastructure in the “preferred areas” as outlined in map 9.1, toprohibit such infrastructure in the areas identified as “no goareas” and to consider, subject to appropriate assessment, thelocation of wind generating infrastructure in areas “open forconsideration”.

EN 13 To facilitate the development of wind energy sources whereproposals are consistent with the landscape preservation objectivesof the Plan, the protection of the natural and built environmentand the visual and residential amenities of the area.

EN 14 To require all wind farm developments to comply with theWind

Energy Development Guidelines for Planning Authorities.

Chapter 9 Energy

Map 9.1 Areas Suitable for Wind Energy Development


229

9.6.2 Solar Energy

The sun is the absolute source of all energy on earth. It powers natural cycles on earth like the wind, water

flow and plant growth and is a reliable source of heat and light. Modern technology can be used to capture

and magnify the sun’s energy for a variety of energy generation and conservation uses.

Solar energy technologies can provide energy for space heating and cooling in active and passive solar

buildings, potable water via distillation and disinfection, daylight, hot water, thermal energy for cooking and at

high temperature process heat for industrial purposes.

9.6.3 Bioenergy

The bioenergy sector is emerging as a viable alternative to the traditional non-renewable energy supply sources

of oil and coal. Biomass is plant and animal material which can be used as a source of fuel. It can be refined or

upgraded to produce either solid bio fuel such as wood pellets and liquid bio fuels which include bio diesel.

The development of the bioenergy sector also can have economic benefits for rural areas in particular. The

production of energy crops is a means of sustaining and regenerating rural areas at a time where there is a

decline in traditional farming practices.

It should be noted however that experience elsewhere in the world has shown that an over emphasis on the

production of biofuel crops can have a detrimental effect on the production of food as more and more land is

turned over to monoculture crops destined for bio fuel production. There are also significant ecological and

environmental consequences associated with the extensive use of lands for biofuel production.

Policy

EN 16 To support the production and refining of biomass for energygeneration purposes whilst adopting the precautionaryapproach to large scale production of bio fuels in County Louth.

Policy

EN 15 To facilitate the use of solar energy technologies in all newdevelopments taking place in County Louth.

9.6.4 Wave Energy

Studies of European wave energy resources have indicated that the average wave power in Europe is highest

near the west of Ireland with an average wave power of 76 kw occurring off the Irish coast. Ireland, Scotland

and Northern Ireland have committed to a joint approach in the development of wave and tidal energy.

Whilst the west coast of Ireland has the greatest wave generation power, there is no doubt that potential also

exists in the waters off Louth’s coast. The amount of this accessible resource which can ultimately be realised

will depend on the cost effectiveness of wave energy technology, the amount of power which can be

practically connected to the grid and the amount of capacity available on the network when other intermittent

generation sources such as wind energy are considered.

9.6.5 Tidal and Ocean Energy

In 2006, the Marine Institute and Sustainable Energy Ireland prepared the National Strategy for Ocean

Energy. This phased strategy aims to introduce ocean energy into the renewables’ portfolio in Ireland. Tidal

energy is an important element of this overall strategy. Carlingford Lough and the Boyne Estuary could have

potential for the generation of tidal energy.

9.6.6 Sustainable Design and Energy Efficiency in Buildings

Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure (DEAP) is the official Irish procedure for calculating and assessing

the energy performance of dwellings. Published by Sustainable Energy Ireland (SEI), the procedure takes

account of the energy required for space heating, ventilation, water heating and lighting, less savings from

energy generation technologies. It calculates both the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission rate and energy

consumption per annum. This is a useful tool for designers when considering and comparing options to

conserve energy and reduce CO2 emission.

Policy

EN 18 To support the development of tidal energy in suitable watersoff the coast of Louth subject to the protection of importantmarine habitats.

Policy

EN 17 To support the development of wave energy in suitable watersoff the coast of County Louth subject to the protection ofimportant marine habitats.

Chapter 9 Energy

DEAP is used to calculate the Building Energy Rated (BER) of dwellings. The BER is a label containing the

energy performance of the dwelling. Expressed as primary energy use per unit floor area per year (kWh/m²/yr)

and illustrated as an energy rating (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3 etc) for the dwelling, it also includes CO2 emissions

indicator (kgCO2/m2/yr) associated with this energy use and an advisory report. Under Building Regulations all

buildings will in time be required to be energy efficient. As of now the roll out of this requirement applies as

follows to:

� All dwellings commencing on or after 1st January 2007

� All new buildings other than dwellings commencing on or after 1st July 2008

� All existing buildings when let or sold on or after 1st January 2009

The right design decisions in relation to building form, internal layout, levels of insulation, amount and

orientation of glazing, utilisation of solar energy, heating system and fuel type, use of draught lobbies,

construction materials and measures to conserve potable water, can contribute greatly to sustainability. In

addition these will lead to cost savings in the long term, while raising the level of comfort for the occupants of

the dwelling.

Policy

EN 19 To ensure that all new developments comply in full with Part L ofthe Building Regulations (as amended in 2008).

EN 20 To promote the use of district heating systems in large scaledevelopment and master planned areas.

EN 21 To encourage the reuse of existing obsolete buildings for new uses.

EN 22 To encourage the recycling of building materials on developmentsites.

EN 23 To encourage the design and construction of buildings that arefunctionally adaptable and can be maintained with minimal use ofresources.

EN 24 To support the utilisation of building and landscape designfeatures to minimise energy requirements.

EN 25 To ensure that all new buildings are designed and constructedhaving regard to the Guidelines for Sustainable Design and EnergyEfficiency in Buildings as set out in paragraph 9.7 of the Plan.


231

Chapter 9 Energy

9.7 Guidelines for Sustainable Design and Energy Efficiencyin BuildingsThis section sets out guidelines for the sustainable design, siting and construction of buildings, particularly,

with regard to energy efficiency and energy conservation, as well as waste management, waste disposal and

sustainable urban drainage systems. These standards need to be read and adhered to in conjunction with

improved national standards which came into effect from the 1st of July 2008 (Part L of the Building

Regulations 2007, as amended).

Measures that promote energy conservation and efficiency in buildings include air tightness, appropriate use of

glazing, high insulation standards and more efficient heating. Alternative forms of electricity and heat

generation should also be considered. The various elements in relation to energy conservation and ecological

building design are further outlined in this section.

1 Passive Solar Design

Passive Solar Design (PSD) techniques relate to the

siting, layout, built form and the landscaping of a

development. The use of PSD techniques is cost

effective, as it requires little or no cost to the

developer and can amount to substantial savings on

behalf of the owner/occupier. It also reduces the

long-term use of fossil fuels and thereby reduces CO²

production.

The main elements for the application of PSD with

regards to design, siting and layout are as follows:

� Orientation – To maximise solar access and

its benefits, the principle façade of a building

should be orientated to be within 30 degrees

of south where feasible. A southerly

orientation maximises solar gain in winter.

� Wind – Buildings should be designed and

located to reduce the impact of wind chill and

suitable shelter belts should be incorporated.

� Openings – Large glazed surfaces should be

located on the southern face of the building.

These surfaces must be highly insulated

through high performance glazing to prevent

the loss of heat.

� Internal planning – The internal layout of

buildings should be designed by setting

occupied spaces to the south and service

spaces to the cooler north.

� Avoidance of overshadowing – Where

feasible, buildings should be carefully spaced

to minimise the loss of solar gain due to

overshadowing.

2 Low Energy Performance Buildings

All new buildings should be designed to comply

with low energy performance standards. The

current minimum energy performance

requirements for residential buildings are set out in

the Second Schedule to the Building Regulations

1997 (S.I. No. 497 of 1997). Amendments to the

statutory regulations came into effect from the 1st

of July 2008 (Building Regulations (Amendment)

Regulations 2007 (S.I. No. 854 of 2007). It will be a

prerequisite of all development in the Plan area

that the provisions of the amended building

regulations be complied with.

3 Active Solar Design

Active solar systems can work in unison with

passive systems and provide an alternative

mechanism for harnessing solar energy. This system

does not rely on site orientation or layout but can

be incorporated into any building design to

maximise energy efficiency. Active solar technology

involves the installation of a solar collector device;

this device absorbs the sun’s heat to provide space

or water heating. A correctly sized unit can provide

around half of a household’s water needs over a

year; large buildings can introduce several systems

to increase solar absorption.

4 Alternative Heating Systems

Energy efficient heating systems such as wood pellet

stoves and boilers and geothermal heat pumps can

greatly help to reduce energy consumption.

Geothermal heat pumps (GHP) work by extracting

heat energy from a low temperature source and

upgrading it to a higher temperature so that it can

be used for space and water heating. Heat pumps

are very economical. For every unit of electricity used

to power the heat pump, 3 to 4 units of heat are

generated. They work best in conjunction with low

temperature heat distribution systems e.g. under

floor heating. Wood burning systems do emit carbon

dioxide. However, as the wood fuel is cultivated, it

absorbs the exact same amount of carbon dioxide as

is released when burnt. As such it does not add to

the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. An eligible

system can be used for heating a single room, hot

water or a whole house.

5 Reduction in Water Consumption

Fresh water resources are increasingly becoming an

issue of environmental and economic importance.

According to the European Environment Agency, the

average consumption for all household purposes is

about 150 litres per capita (1999). On this basis the

average water consumption per person in Ireland

comes to a staggering 55,000 litres per person per

year. The third biggest user of water is the WC,

accounting for almost 35% of a person’s average

daily water consumption. In this regard the use of

dual flush or low water capacity cisterns should be

used.

6 Rain Water Harvesting

Rain water recovery systems harvest rain water which

can then be used for the flushing of toilets, washing

machines and general outside use. A rainwater

holding tank is installed below the ground that

gathers water from the roof of buildings. This water

is pumped into a tank within the building’s roof

space where it is stored until required. This water

would otherwise have to be treated and pumped by

the local authorities presenting a substantial saving.

The system filters and collects between 20% and

30% of total water consumption used by a family of

four. The system is isolated from the mains water

system to eliminate any possibilities of


233

contamination. In the event of using all of the

rainwater reserve, an automatic change over system

switches over to using mains water until the

rainwater tank starts to refill. The rainwater system

generally has three separate filters which reduce

particles down to 130 microns. These systems should

have the British Board of Agrément approval to meet

the Building Regulations.

7 Wind Energy

The use of wind turbines to provide a self-sufficient

power source or to supply power in combination

with other energy sources merits investigation for

any large scale development. The Planning and

Development Regulations 2006 exempts from

planning permission certain types of renewable

energy structures including small scale wind turbines.

The use of these technologies should be incorporated

into the design of buildings from the outset.

Proposals for the provision of small and medium size

wind turbines which fall outside the exempted

development categories will be favourably considered

by the council provided that they do not significantly

impact on visual or residential amenities of the area.

8 Construction Methods

Consideration should be given to the use of

renewable building materials such as wood from

sustainably managed forests and locally sourced

building materials for development projects. Other

features of construction should also be considered

such as off-site construction and prefabrication to

minimise the impact of building on the site,

reductions in levels of on-site waste and also

minimising cost. The re-use of construction waste

such as excavated material and topsoil should also be

considered.

Chapter 9 Energy

9 Waste Management and Disposal

All future developments should seek to minimise

waste through reduction, re-use and recycling. Waste

management and disposal should be considered as

part of the construction process and in the operation

of the development when completed.

10 Construction Waste

Construction related waste accounts for about one-

third of total land filled waste in Ireland. Therefore

developers and builders should minimise construction

waste generated in development projects. During the

construction process measures should be

implemented to minimise soil removal (as part of the

scheme design process), properly manage

construction waste and encourage off-site

prefabrication where feasible.

11 Domestic Waste

Everyday domestic waste produced by future

residents and businesses shall be minimised through

reduction, reuse and recycling. All new developments

should provide for waste separation facilities,

recycling banks and compost units.

12 Precipitation and Climate Change

Buildings should, as far as is practical, be future

proofed against increased precipitation and storm

frequency likely to result from climate change. The

following check list should be applied:

� Check existing water table and natural

patterns of drainage

� Calculate rainwater guttering and pipe work

on the basis of up to 30% increase in

precipitation

� Use soft landscaping to reduce storm water

runoff and help the rain to percolate naturally

back into the water table

� Use porous paving schemes to allow water to

flow down through hard landscaping directly

into the water table to minimise drainage

requirements and relieve pressure on existing

drainage

� Retain robust roofing details including sarking

in preference to battens

� Preserve and increase planting of native trees

to absorb C02 to help reduce global climate

change

13 Micro climate enhancement

Trees and shrubs can make a significant contribution

to energy conservation by providing shelter and

modifying climate at the micro level. Designers and

developers should plant deciduous trees and use

hard landscaping on the south side of buildings to

enhance the micro climate and minimise energy use.


235

10.1 IntroductionThe council is aware of the need to preserve, enhance and protect the quality of the environment whilst

facilitating and encouraging development. A good quality environment is not only of intrinsic value in itself but

is also extremely important for economic development and quality of life. Water resources in particular are

extremely important but have often been neglected in the past in the name of economic progress and

advancement. This has also been the case in relation to air quality. The protection of the water and air quality

of County Louth is therefore of great concern to the council.

This chapter outlines the policies of the council in relation to the protection and management of these

essential resources, including measures existing and proposed, to protect the environment of the county for

the benefit of existing and future generations.

10.2 European, National and Regional PolicyThe environmental policies contained in this plan have been devised having regard to the large body of

european and national legislation, directives and regulations.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the local authorities are the bodies charged with the

responsibility for overseeing environmental protection in the State.

The EPA in its State of the Environment Report, 2004, identified five overall environmental priorities for the

State. These are:

� Meeting international commitments on air emissions.

� Eutrophication prevention and control.

� Waste management.

� Better integration of environmental and natural resource considerations in the policies, plans and

actions of economic sectors.

� Improving enforcement of environmental legislation.

Chapter Ten

Environment

Chapter 10 Environment

The council will pursue environmental policies that will seek to safeguard the long term economic, social and

environmental wellbeing of the county and will lead by example in the compliance with EU, national and

regional policies. It will also seek to ensure that the highest possible environmental standards are maintained

so that a high quality environment can be bequeathed to future generations.

10.3 Environmental NoiseEnvironmental noise refers to noise emitted by

means of road traffic, rail traffic, air traffic and

noise in urban agglomerations over a specified size.

It is regulated under the Environmental Noise

Directive (END) which was transposed into Irish

law by the Environmental Noise Regulations

2006. The aim of the Directive is to provide for a

common EU approach to the avoidance, prevention

and reduction of the harmful effects of exposure to

environmental noise.

10.3.1 Noise Action Plan 2008

The Louth Local Authorities have prepared a Noise

Action Plan (NAP) to address environmental noise

for major roads carrying more than six million

vehicles per annum. These include parts of the M1

motorway, N1/A1 dual carriageway, the N52 and

the R132. The National Roads Authority has

prepared noise maps for the relevant sections of

these roads which provide a base line for noise

measuring and monitoring.

Policy

ENV 1 To implement european, national and regional policy in relationto the protection of the environment and the pursuance ofsustainable development principles in respect of the council’spolicies and procedures.

ENV 2 To pursue the precautionary and the polluter pays principles inrelation to permitted development in the county.

ENV 3 To promote and maintain the highest achievable standards ofair, noise and water quality in the county.


237

The Noise Action Plan is designed with the twin aims of avoiding significant adverse health impacts from noise

and preserving environmental noise quality where good.

10.4 Water QualityThe long term economic, social and environmental wellbeing of County Louth requires water quality to be of

the highest possible standard. This includes surface water, ground water and sea water all of which are vital to

life and therefore must be managed wisely.

The quality of water in County Louth is monitored on a regular basis against a list of quality measurement

criteria. This includes the carrying out of farm surveys, the licensing and monitoring of trade effluent

discharges and the assessment of proposed development in order to ensure that water quality is maintained.

Increased awareness through educational and other means is essential for informing the public of the need

and importance of maintaining the highest possible water quality standards.

10.4.1 The Water Framework Directive 2000

The Water Framework Directive 2000 sets an agenda for the protection and improvement of water bodies

such as rivers, lakes and streams, groundwater, coastal and estuarine waters, on the basis of river basin

districts. The Directive is concerned with all waters and their uses and brings all water related directives under

one framework, including those dealing with bathing water, drinking water wells and supplies, water taken

from rivers, sewage disposal and the protection of salmon and shellfish habitats. As part of the

implementation of this Directive, a total of eleven existing EU directives must be complied with in full under

legal obligation. There is an onus on local authorities to prevent any deterioration in the existing status of our

waters, including the protection of good and high status where it exists, and where deterioration has occurred,

to ensure that all waters so affected are restored to at least good status by 2015.

Policy

ENV 4 To implement the Louth Local Authorities Noise Action Plan

2008 in order to avoid, prevent and reduce the harmful effects,including annoyance, due to exposure to environmental noise.

ENV 5 To require that where new development is proposed within thelimits of the noise maps for the designated sections of theM1, N1, N52 and R132, that appropriate mitigation measuresare undertaken so as to prevent harmful effects fromenvironmental noise.


10.4.2 River Basin District Management Plans

A river basin is the area of land from which all surface run-off flows through a sequence of streams, rivers and

possibly lakes, into the sea at a single river mouth, estuary or delta. A river basin district also includes coastal

and marine waters up to one nautical mile beyond the baseline from which territorial waters are measured.

The Water Framework Directive requires that river basin management plans be prepared and implemented,

primarily by local authorities, for each identified river basin within the EU boundary. These set out a roadmap

as to how the status of natural waters will be protected and restored where necessary.

County Louth straddles two river basin districts, the Neagh-Bann and the Eastern River Basin District. The bulk

of County Louth lies within the Neagh Bann River Basin District and its management plan is being prepared

jointly by Louth, Cavan, Meath, Monaghan and authorities north of the border.

The council will implement the requirements and recommendations contained within both of these plans in so

far as they relate to County Louth.

10.4.3 River Basin Management PlanningGuidance for Public Authorities

In 2008, the Department of the Environment,

Heritage and Local Government issued the River

Basin Management Planning Guidance for

Public Authorities. These guidelines explain the

relationship that exists between the river basin

management plans and other plans and

programmes, including statutory development

plans. It stipulates that local authority development

plans will need to, both influence and be influenced

by, river basin management plans and that planning

authorities should ensure that any relevant

objectives of any water quality management plan

be included in the development plan. The

guidelines also highlight the need for the strategic

environmental assessment of the Plan to take into

account the impact that it will have on the

environmental protection objectives established for

waters in the area covered by the Plan.

Policy

ENV 6 To Increase awareness through educational and other means soas to inform the public of the need and importance ofmaintaining the highest possible water quality standards.

ENV 7 To implement the recommendations contained in the River BasinDistrict Management Plans for the Neagh Bann and the EasternRiver Basin Districts, in so far as they relate to County Louth.


239

10.5 Natural Water Systems and GroundwaterGood quality groundwater is an important natural resource which has an inherent ecological and economic

benefit. The quality of groundwater is continually being threatened by human activities which can cause

pollution. The intensification of agriculture, particularly the spreading of animal slurry and farmyard wastes

such as silage effluent and soiled water, and increases in population and septic tank effluent, have all led to an

increased risk of pollution to groundwater and surface water systems, lakes, estuarine and coastal waters.

Approximately 34% of Louth’s water supply comes from groundwater sources. The protection of this resource

is of major concern to the council.

Poor agricultural management can cause nutrients to be washed into ground and surface water. This results in

contamination of water sources, making them unfit for human consumption and to eutrophication, which

encourages rapid algae and plant life growth, thereby depriving the water of oxygen necessary for water

based life. Once contamination has occurred, it is costly and difficult to rectify.

Groundwater protection schemes are county based projects that are undertaken jointly between the

Geological Survey Ireland (GSI) and local authorities. The preparation and implementation of a groundwater

protection scheme which will identify, quantify and protect groundwater resources in Louth is anticipated in

2010. The aim of a groundwater protection scheme is to ensure the sustainability of groundwater reserves as

well as meeting the requirements of the Groundwater Directives.

Policy

ENV 8 (i) To implement the recommendations contained in anygroundwater protection scheme prepared under EU GroundWater Directives and to seek the establishment of a groundwater protection scheme in order to protect ground waterresources in County Louth particularly within the CastletownEstuary and River Proules, nutrient sensitive areas and thedesignated shellfish growing areas within Carlingford Louth andDundalk Bay.

(ii) To protect fisheries within the River Boyne whereappropriate including relevant species as contained in Annex IIof the Habitats Directive.


10.6 Nitrate Vulnerable ZonesProtection of ground waters from pollution by nitrates is becoming an issue of increasing significance and the

EU Nitrates Directive requires remedial actions in this regard. The presence of high levels of nitrates in soil is

a health hazard as sources of drinking water can be contaminated. Nitrates can also contribute to

eutrophication and this is particularly harmful to coastal and marine resources.

Two areas of County Louth identified in the previous plan as exhibiting high nitrates in groundwater, namely

Sheepgrange and Tullyallen, have been successfully managed. In areas at risk from water pollution, a primary

consideration is the management of manures and fertilisers. The Castletown Estuary and Proules River are

identified as protected ‘nutrient sensitive areas’ under the Register of Protected Areas.

10.7 On Site Wastewater Treatment and Disposal SystemsAll wastewater, including domestic and trade, ultimately discharges to water, whether ground, surface or

marine. Therefore, the provision of satisfactory waste water treatment and disposal is essential for the

protection of the environment. The majority of wastewater is discharged under license from the Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) or the council depending on the volumes involved.

Private waste water treatment systems for individual dwellings or other very small scale development may

discharge to ground water without the need to acquire a licence. In such circumstances, the proposed

treatment system and quality of the discharge is regulated by way of planning conditions, having regard to the

EPA Guidelines for the provision of small scale wastewater treatment systems. In limited circumstances

only, the use of small scale private communal waste water treatment systems discharging to either ground or

surface water may be acceptable. Where this is permitted, the council will insist that the treatment system

remains under single management, enforceable under legal agreement with the council.

In order to protect the existing and potential groundwater reserves in the county, the council proposes to

undertake, in conjunction with the Geological Survey of Ireland, a comprehensive groundwater survey of

the county.

It also proposes to produce a guidance document setting out the requirements and information to be

submitted with a planning application for all on-site wastewater treatment systems.

Policy

ENV 9 To ensure compliance with and to implement the provisions ofthe Nitrate Directive in so far as it falls within the remit of thecouncil to do so.

ENV 10 To require that collection and storage facilities for farm animalslurry are provided in accordance with the requirements of theNitrate Directive.


241

10.7.1 Design and installation of On Site Wastewater Treatment Systems

The proper supervision, installation and commissioning of on site wastewater treatment systems by competent

persons is regarded as most important in ensuring protection of surface and ground waters.

Policy

ENV 11 To require that all permitted development taking place withinan area served by a public wastewater treatment systemconnects to that system.

ENV 12 To require that on lands identified for development and whereno public waste water facility exists or is proposed, that thewastewater be treated and discharged to suitable receivingwater subject to a discharge licence.

ENV 13 To consider permitting development, on zoned land only, on thebasis of acceptable interim waste water treatmentarrangements under licence where there is insufficient capacitywithin the existing water treatment facilities, subject toappropriate level of treatment being provided as suitable robustoperational arrangements being put in place.

ENV 14 To require that private wastewater treatment systems forindividual houses, where permitted, comply with therecommendations contained within the EPA manuals and codeof practice for wastewater treatment systems for single houses.

ENV 15 To implement the requirements of the Groundwater ProtectionScheme to protect known and potential ground water reserves.

ENV 16 To adhere to the guidance document setting out therequirements and information to be submitted with a planningapplication for an on site wastewater treatment systems.


10.8 North East Region Waste Management Plan 2005 -2010The North East Region Waste Management Plan, including the counties of Louth, Cavan, Meath and

Monaghan, covers the period 2005 - 2010 and will be subject to further review during the period of the Plan.

The aim of the North East Region Waste Management Plan is to decrease the amount of waste generated

and disposed of to landfill throughout the region by promoting the principles of reduce, reuse and recycle

and to provide sustainable measures of waste disposal. In any area where there is conflict in relation to

environmental policy contained in the development plan and the waste management plan, the latter will

take precedent.

10.9 Seveso SitesThe European Communities (Control of Major Accident Hazards Involving Dangerous Substances)

Regulations, 2000 gives affect to the European Directive on the control of major accidents involving

dangerous substances. The legislation is more commonly known as Seveso II Directive. There are three such

sites in the county, all of which are located within the jurisdiction of Drogheda Borough Council.

Policy

ENV 19 To implement and support the provisions of the North East

Region Waste Management Plan.

Policy

ENV 17 To insist that proper supervision, installation and commissioningof on site wastewater treatment systems by requiring sitecharacterisation procedures and geotechnical assessments becarried out by competent professionally indemnified andsuitably qualified persons approved by the council.

ENV 18 To require that the construction and installation of allwastewater treatment systems are supervised and certified by asuitably qualified competent person as fit for the intendedpurpose and complies with the council’s requirements.


243

10.10 Derelict SitesUnder the Derelict Sites Act 1990 and the Litter Pollution Act, 1997, the planning authority can require

improvement of neglected lands, the renewal of structures, the removal of unsightly vehicle parts and

general refuse.

10.11 Veterinary ServicesThe council’s veterinary services are a joint initiative

between the council and the Department of Agriculture. It

can impact on development proposals in a number of

ways through the requirement to comply with EU,

national and local regulations. Its function includes the

management of the council’s animal pound, the issuing of

dairy certificates under the European Communities

(Hygiene Production and Placing on the Market of

Raw Meat and Heat Treated and Milk Based

Products) Regulations 1996, the implementation of the

Abattoirs Act 1988 and matters concerning animal

welfare and by-products.

Policy

ENV 21 To implement the provisions of the Derelict Sites Act 1990

and the Litter Pollution Act, 1997 in respect of derelict andobsolete areas.

Policy

ENV 20 To impose restrictions on developments abutting or within closeproximity of a Seveso site. The extent of restrictions ondevelopment will be dependant on the type of risk present andthe quantity and form of the dangerous substance present.

Policy

ENV 22 To implement the function of the veterinary office inpartnership with the Department of Agriculture.


245

11.1 IntroductionThe provision of a high quality and efficient water supply and drainage infrastructure will ensure the long-term

physical, environmental, social and economic development of the county. A high standard of water and

wastewater infrastructure and services are pre-requisites in facilitating new, orderly and sustainable

development.

Over the period of the previous Plan, the county has experienced very significant development pressure which

has placed serious strain on the capacity of existing water supply and drainage infrastructure. In many

settlements there have been and remain significant capacity issues in terms of both water supply and waste

water treatment. Key objectives include;

� The improvement of water and wastewater services in those areas of the county where deficiencies

exist at present, subject to the availability of resources and appropriate statutory approvals.

� Measures to address deficiencies in existing water and wastewater infrastructure, so as to ensure

compliance with regulatory requirements and the objectives of the Water Framework Directive.

� The preservation and development of water and wastewater infrastructure in order to facilitate the

growth of settlements in a structured, sequential manner.

� The implementation of adequate surface water drainage measures and the prohibition of unsuitable

development in flood susceptible areas, such that risk of flooding of existing or proposed developments

is minimised.

11.2 ContextThe provision and operation of water services infrastructure is a key element in supporting economic growth

and providing a satisfactory quality of life for existing and future residents within the county through

sustaining environmental quality. In particular, water infrastructural capacity is a pre-requisite to allow for new

development within the county.

Whilst universal access to these services is an ideal, the reality is that there are limitations on available

resources. This stems from a combination of organisational capacity, environmental, planning and other

constraints coupled with economic reality, all of which dictate that resources must be focused in a manner to

maximise potential benefit to the county.

Chapter Eleven

Water Services

Chapter 11 Water Services

The Water Services Act 2007 provides the legislative context, governing functions, standards, obligations and

practice in relation to the planning, management and delivery of water services. Legislation broadly covers

water and wastewater “in the pipe” as distinct from broader water resources and quality issues.

The Drinking Water Regulations 2007 set out the standards, requirements and procedures relating to the

maintenance of a quality supply of water to consumers. The regulations also empower the Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) in a supervisory and monitoring role over local authority operations. This has major

implications in how the council operates and manages its facilities and may impact on the resource

requirement needed to operate and upgrade existing facilities to comply with these regulations.

The Wastewater Discharge Regulations 2007 set out requirements relating to the licensing of wastewater

treatment plants and other discharges from wastewater infrastructure and empower the EPA to licence and

regulate council facilities. Licences specify both quantum and quality of discharges permissible from plants and

may, where environmental constraints exist, limit the council’s scope for expansion of facilities and thus prevent

further development in an area. They may then require significant investment to ameliorate the impacts of

existing developments.

Nitrates, Habitats, Urban wastewater and Shellfish Directives emanating from the EU directly impact on the

council’s capacity to both harness existing water resources for use, and the capacity to treat and dispose of

wastewater and associated bio-solids. In particular, they will impact on the Council’s capacity to increase

overall outputs, ability to upgrade existing plants and to limit operational costs of plants.

Louth County Council’s Assessment of Needs was carried out to cover the period from 2007-2014 and sets out

a strategic investment programme of some €169.4 million with prioritised projects, based on objective

assessment criteria. This in turn informs the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government in

drawing up the Water Services Investment Programme. Prioritisation and advancement of projects therein

will depend on department approvals and resource availability. A key constraint on such projects is the

requirement that the council fund a significant element of project costs in accordance with the implementation

of the Water Pricing Policy.

The council will be required to draw up a Water Services Strategic Plan during the course of the Plan. The

adoption of the Water Services Strategic Plan is a reserved function for the county’s elected members. The

plan will set out a strategy for the provision of water services in the county taking cognisance of sustainable

development, affordability, environmental constraints, service quality and regulatory criteria.

The council has a primary role in providing and facilitating the provision of water services. However other

bodies also have a role to play. These include private group schemes, developers and private individuals who

are also involved in their provision.


247

Policy

WS 1 To ensure the provision of a high quality water and wastewaterinfrastructure to support both existing and future developmentswithin the county, consistent with sustainability principles andthe availability of financial resources whilst prioritising thosecentres where serious deficiencies are in evidence or wherefurther sustainable development can be reasonably anticipated.

WS 2 To ensure appropriate assessments are carried out ondevelopment proposals in respect of flood risk.

WS 3 To require developers to submit sustainable urban drainagesystems (SUDS) based designs for the management of surfacewater from new developments.

WS 4 To ensure that the provision and operation of water andwastewater treatment facilities is undertaken in accordancewith EU policies and directives, relevant national legislation,national and regional policies.

WS 5 To ensure that satisfactory arrangements that have the capacitynecessary to service proposed developments are in place prior toany proposals for developments being considered. The councilwhere deemed appropriate may require developers to providewater services or enter into binding legal agreement to supplythem either wholly by themselves, or in partnership with otherdevelopers and/ or the council, prior to granting of permissionand subject to conditions as set down by the council.

WS 6 To require developers to provide water services infrastructure inexcess of that which they require, in the interests of integratedlong term development of the area where appropriate.

WS 7 To implement the Water Services Strategic Plan whencompleted.

WS 8 To undertake measures recommended in the River Basin

Management Plans relevant to County Louth to mitigate theimpacts of water abstraction and discharges of treated effluentfrom wastewater plants and storm drains, on a prioritised basis,subject to affordability.


11.3 Water SupplyWater demand has increased significantly over the course of the previous plan. This has been driven by growth

in the number of households, lifestyle changes and lower unit occupancy. Domestic water usage in Ireland at

circa 160litres per head per day is amongst the highest in Europe, reflecting the absence of domestic water

charges based on consumption. Furthermore it is likely that that implementation of the Water Framework

Directive measures will curtail our capacity to significantly increase abstractions from rivers and groundwater

resources, which are in any case limited.

11.3.1 Capital InvestmentProgramme: Water

A substantial capital program is being

pursued. The Water Pricing Policy will

present a significant challenge to council

finances in respect of funding capital

schemes. As such, the strategic approach

adopted is to develop large integrated

schemes which can be implemented in a

piecemeal manner as demand arises,

focusing initially on addressing shortfalls in

existing quality and supply arrangements,

thus minimising costs. The following water

schemes are progressing as part of the

council’s capital investment progr

WS 9 To ensure that the scale of provision of water services reflect thescale of envisaged settlement sizes in accordance with thesettlement strategy, whilst reflecting realistic provision in thecontext of overall projected population growth in the countyfor the period of the Plan.

WS 10 To fully integrate the provision of water services in CountyLouth under the aegis of Louth County Council in accordancewith provisions of Local Government Act 2001.


249

� TABLE 11.1 Capital Investment Programmes

Project Description Status

Cooley Regional Water

Supply Stage 2� Provision of new supply to Omeath

� Upgrade of existing facilities in Cooley

scheme

� Subject to identifying additional resources

extending supply to adjacent unserviced

areas in north Louth

Preliminary report

Mid-Louth Regional Water

Supply Scheme� Upgrading of existing piped infrastructure

and storage along eastern side of county

from Dundalk to Drogheda

� Develop a new treatment plant abstracting

water from the Rivers Dee and Glyde

� Single supply source for Ardee, Dunleer

Louth and Greenmount schemes.

Preliminary report

contract documentation

procurement

East Meath, South Louth

and Drogheda Water

Supply Improvement

Scheme

� Upgrading of Staleen wastewater treatment

plant WTP

� Development of new groundwater sources

� Peripheral trunk main around Drogheda and

increased storage

� Provision of additional supplies and key

network assets to Drogheda environs and

south Louth area

Preliminary report

contract

Dundalk and Environs

Strategic water Study� Strategic study of demands, supply options,

asset renewal and investment programme

required to provide supplies to the Dundalk

area and its environs over a 20 year horizon

Final report

North Drogheda � Provision of trunk water mains

� Development of groundwater sources

Documentation


11.3.2 Water Supply: Current Status

County Louth operates twenty public supply schemes. A number of group schemes are also supplied from

public mains and these are in effect operated by the council. A further seven private group schemes operate

within the county and are supported through the Rural Water Programme. The remaining properties are

serviced by individual wells or other private sources of supply.

Public and private group schemes are to be licensed and regulated under the Water Services Act by the

Environmental Protection Agency in the case of public schemes. Private group schemes will be overseen by the

council once relevant regulations are enacted. Commercial private supplies using water as part of their

activities are also regulated by the council.

Figure 11.1 illustrates the types of water supply in the county. Almost 80% of supplies are by public main and

the remainder by group schemes and private wells.

� Figure 11.1 Types of Water Supply


251

The council supports the continued operation and development of the private group scheme sector and sees

this sector as providing a very effective mechanism of developing piped services in currently unserviced areas.

Table 11.2 outlines existing public schemes, their source of supply, existing demand and deployable yield.

Details of private group schemes and their extent are contained in Table 11.3.

� TABLE 11.2 Public Water Schemes

Scheme Source Volume Supplied(m³/day)

Scheme Capacity(m³)

Comments

ArdeeRiver Dee and

wells3113 3800

Plant to be upgraded to

address quality issues.

Ultimately to be supplied

from Mid Louth scheme

Greenmount River Dee 1992 2500Integrated into Mid Louth

Scheme

Tallanstown River Glyde 902 1000Ultimately to be supplied

from Mid Louth scheme

Carlingford Surface spring 300 300

To be integrated into

Cooley scheme–source to

be abandoned

Greenore Surface spring 200 200To be upgraded as part of

Cooley scheme

OmeathLislea River and

wells325 325

Existing sources to be

abandoned. To be

integrated into Cooley

Scheme

Cooley Bored wells 1745 2500 Scheme to be upgraded

Jenkinstown 100Scheme integrated into

Cooley

Carrickcarnan DOE NI 10Supplied by DOE NI Water

services

Dunbin River Fane 753 900Connected to Cavanhill

supply

Sheelagh/

CourtbaneRiver Fane 115 150

Connected to Cavanhill

supply

Dunleer River Dee 245 400Integrated into

Greenmount

Clogherhead/

Termonfeckin River Boyne 1100 2250

Supplied from Drogheda,

augmented by well

source. Capacity

dependent on Drogheda

supply


� TABLE 11.3 Private Group Water Schemes

Collon Bored wells 1407Capacity variable

depending on well yield.

Kilineer Bored wells 4 5

Drybridge Bored wells 350

Cavanhill River Fane 20,000 34,000 Currently being upgraded

Castletown AnnaskeaghDecommissioned.

Industrial usage only

Staleen River Boyne 28,000 30,000

Currently being upgraded.

15,000 of the capacity is

extracted to Meath

RosehallBarnattan/

Mattock Rivers2,250 2,250

To be decommissioned

when Staleen capacity is

augmented

Scheme Source No. ofDomesticConnections

Volume Supplied/day (m³)

Comments

Ballymakenny Bored wells 601 1200

Drybridge/

WaterunderBored wells 56 81

Tullyallan Bored wells 163 135 Limited further capacity

Grangebellew Bored wells 23 20 Limited further capacity

Mountain Park Spring source 51 50 No further capacity

Tinure Bored well 23 24

Taken in charge by

council. Supplied from

Collon public water

supply.

Sheepgrange Bored wells 56 38New well and reservoir

developed

Killanny

ReaghstownMoynalty Lough 500 400

Serves Monaghan and

Louth. Figures reflect

services in Louth

Ardaghy Surface stream 20 20 Disbanded


253

Policy

WS 11 To ensure adequacy of public water supplies consistent withsustainability principles and within the limits of costeffectiveness and availability of finance.

WS 12 To ensure the quality of water supplied complies with Drinking

Water Regulations and reflects the requirements of theProvision and Quality of Drinking Water in Ireland –A Report for

the years 2007-2008 published by the EPA.

WS 13 To promote and support the development and propermanagement of Group Water Schemes subject to appropriatelevel of treatment being provided and suitable robustoperational arrangements being put in place.

WS 14 To improve and expand water supplies consistent with the Louth

County Council Assessment of Needs Strategy and Water

Services Investment Programme.

WS 15 To promote the conservation of water through the continuanceof our active water conservation programme and the utilisationof best practice in the maintenance and operation distributionnetworks and development of appropriate publicawareness programmes.

WS 16 To implement a policy of metering all existing and newdevelopments to effectively manage water demand and inthe case of non-domestic developments, to facilitate chargingfor services in accordance with Article 9 of the EU Water

Framework Directive.

WS 17 To protect existing surface and groundwater resources and inparticular those that supply drinking water or offer thepotential to be harnessed for supply of drinking water and toimplement measures identified in the once finalised.


11.4 WastewaterLegislation is in place to the effect that the council

would be committing an offence were it to grant

permissions where the total treatment capacity

allocated in any centre is in excess of actual treatment

capacity available, unless the council can ensure that

facilities can be expanded before loading arises from

the new developments. This arises from EPA licensing

under Wastewater Discharge Regulations.

Implementation of measures arising from River Basin

Management Plans will also impact significantly

on both existing plants and future plants, including

private treatment plants. The requirement to have all

water bodies meeting ‘good status’ by 2015 will be

extremely challenging.

Future development will be contingent on provision of

adequate wastewater treatment facilities which

produce high quality effluent

11.4.1 Capital Investment Programme

In addition to the Water Services Investment

Programme funded works, a significant programme is

being funded through the council’s own resources,

augmented by the Serviced Land Initiative funding and

private sector participation. Key constraints on

developments are the large element of local authority

funding required. This is often in excess of 60% in

respect of treatment facilities, and environmental

constraints which physically limit the size of facility

that can be provided and operated at reasonable cost.

The latter factor will have a greater impact as the

implementation of River Basin plans progress over the

course of the Plan. An additional consideration will be

that EPA discharge licensing requirements will become

clearer during the life of the Plan. This may constrain

expansion as considerable resources will have to be

diverted to upgrading of existing plants and networks.

Extensions to existing plants and new plants, if

permitted, must be commensurate in scale with

proposed size and densities of development that can

reasonable be permitted in such centres.

Development envelopes must in turn be such as to

allow the economical provision of collection systems

if new centres are to be serviced.

In the case of individual and communal private

treatment systems cognisance of impact of

discharges on groundwater and surface water must

be taken, in particular the magnified impact of

concentrations of such units in a locality discharging

to aquifers.

In order to ensure compliance with the Dangerous

Substances Directive, significant additional

monitoring of discharges from the non-domestic

sector will have to be undertaken along with the

licensing of discharges.


255

� TABLE 11.4 Wastewater Capital Investment Programme

Project Description Status

Ardee Sewerage Scheme� Rehabilitation of existing

network

� Preliminary design of

extensions to network

� Expansion of treatment

facilities and enhancement of

treatment levels

Preliminary stage/EIS

Tallanstown, Collon,

Knockbridge, Louth

Village Sewerage

Schemes

� Expansion of existing

wastewater treatment

facilities

� Enhancement of treatment

levels

Construction stage

Drogheda Sewerage

Scheme Stage 3

� Upgrading of wastewater

treatment plant capacity

from 67,000 PE to 101,000

PE

� Possible increase in capacity

to 125,000 PE through

process enhancement

� Network study

Completion and contract

Blackrock Sewerage and

South and East Drainage

� Rehabilitation of existing

network

� Preliminary design of

extensions to network in

Blackrock

� Provision of pump station

and associated network in

area to west of Dublin Road.

� Examination of treatment

options

Preliminary design

construction

Castlebellingham

sewerage

� Provision of separate surface

water drainage

� Upgrading of treatment

facilities

Design

Clogherhead Sewerage� Upgrading of storm overflow

facilities

� Upgrading of treatment

facilities

Feasibility study

Omeath Sewerage � Provision of treatment Feasibility study

North Drogheda

Environs� Provision of trunk sewer Contract documentation


11.4.2 Wastewater Schemes: Current Status

The council directly operates fourteen public sewerage schemes. The Dundalk and Drogheda schemes are

operated under an operation and maintenance contract by a contractor. Secondary treatment is provided at

all schemes save Omeath and Greenore where sewage is discharged untreated. Table 11.5 outlines loads on

schemes as estimated in early 2008, the total load committed including existing planning permissions, the

current capacity of plants where applicable, and proposed capacity where plant is likely to be extended

within life of the Plan. A comment is appended as to feasibility of further expansion and constraints that have

been identified.

� TABLE 11.5 Wastewater Schemes - Current Status

CurrentPop. served(PE)*

Total LoadCommitted(PE)

CurrentCapacity(PE)

ProposedCapacity(PE)

Comments

Annagassan 328 412 500 500Potential exists to expand capacity

subject to additional land being

acquired. Designation of Dundalk

Bay may impact as discharges are

to Dee/Glyde transition waters.

Ardee 5800 8000 12,500Proposals for phased

upgrading of plant with DEHLG.

Carlingford 1724 1990 1500 1500 Design capacity allocated

Castlebellingham

/Kilsaran

1603 1603 1700 Up to

3000

Constrained by potential water

abstraction which may be located

downstream and limited dilution

Clogherhead 1805 1838 2000 2000Significant seasonal loading.

Process improvements may

increase capacity to 2200.

Collon 1113 1360 500 1200

Plant expansion under

construction Completion due in

2009. Commercial load may be

overestimated.

Drogheda 65,000 101,000 125,000

Available capacity is allocated

between LCC, Meath County

Council and Drogheda Borough

Council.

Dromiskin 1253 1471 1200 3000Plant will require upgrade during

life of the Plan.

Dundalk 90,000 179,000 179,000Significant capacity allocated to

ongoing developments.

Dunleer 2000 2400 4200 4200

Capacity may be constrained due

to availability of dilution in White

River.


257

*PE Population equivalent.

11.4.3 Private Wastewater Treatment Systems

A significant number of houses are catered for by individual on site treatment plants. The requirements relating

to the siting and operation of these individual waste water treatment systems are dealt with in chapter 10,

Environment. A limited number of non domestic developments are also serviced by private treatment plants.

Figure 11.2 details types of sewerage facilities in the county. The majority of the facilities, some 70% are public

schemes.

� Figure 11.2 Types of Sewerage Facilities

Knockbridge 654 959 500 1000


construction. Completion due in

2009.

Louth Village 749 821 700 1000



2009

Omeath 1063 1231 0 No treatment at present.

Greenore 200 No treatment at present.

Tallanstown 862 974 400 1000



2009

Baltray/

Termonfeckin1734 2241 - - Sewage pumped to Drogheda

Tinure 504 504 500 -Plant will require upgrade during

life of the Plan

Tullyallen 1251 1259 1500 - Upgraded in 2005


Policy

WS 18 To ensure that all Category I and II Settlements have adequatewastewater facilities with adequate capacity to cater forexisting loadings and projected sustainable growth takingdue cognisance of environmental, financial and value formoney considerations.

WS 19 To adopt an incremental approach to provision of additionaltreatment capacity. This shall relate both to the scale of existingdevelopments, and appropriate growth at these locations.Availability of services shall not be a precursor to large scalegrowth in inappropriate locations.

WS 20 To ensure that the siting and operation of all treatment plantsand systems shall not significantly impact on the qualityof receiving ground water, coastal estuarine water andsurface waters.

WS 21 To extend the licensing of all discharges to sewers. This willapply to all discharges in excess of 5 m³ per day or where thedischarge warrants same due to specific characteristics.

WS 22 To minimise the impact of storm overflows on receiving waterquality through implementation of programmed upgrade ofunits and networks.

WS 23 To prohibit the use of pump stations for conveyance of sewageunless the proposed pump station will cater for a significantcatchment of zoned development lands that otherwise cannotbe drained. Where deemed appropriate by the council,temporary pumping arrangements may be considered as aninterim measure, pending the provision of more permanentarrangements within a reasonable timeframe. In such instancesthe full cost of providing operating and decommissioninginterim arrangements shall be paid in advance by developeralong with normal development levies.

WS 24 To ensure that all developments will have regard for policiesexpressed in the Greater Dublin Strategic Drainage Study withparticular reference to:a) Infiltration and exfiltrationb) Climate Changec) Basementsd) New developmentse) Environmentf) Surface water


259

11.5 Water ConservationThe National Water Conservation Programme states that local authorities should actively assess the needs for

water conservation on a countywide basis. To obtain the optimum value from investment in water

conservation, Louth Local Authorities Water Conservation and Network Management Project is implementing

a three phase programme. Nationally, some 50% of treated water is unaccounted for. It is a target to reduce

this to between 20% and 30%. Phase 1 of the project established ninety district metered areas (DMA). The

establishment of these district areas included the installation of bulk flow meters and loggers to record flow

and pressure into the water schemes throughout the county. By understanding the input flow, population,

number of houses and the non domestic metered usage in an area, the volume of unaccounted water can be

calculated. Unaccounted water usage arises from leakage and irresponsible usage and wastage.

Phase 2 of the project, which is currently underway, addresses active leakage detection and leak repair in each

of the DMA. To date this has resulted in the saving of some six million litres of water daily, equivalent to almost

13% of water production between 2006 and end of 2008. Phase 3 comprises the targeted rehabilitation of

mains and refurbishment of networks which are in poor condition. These works will be ongoing over the

period of the Plan. In addition this project will initiate an education programme on the value and need for

water conservation and sustainable water supply development including water harvesting.

Future developments should have regard to the need to conserve water and as a means of addressing this may

include the following measures:

� Sensor taps

� Pressure and flow regulations on fittings

� Appropriately sized meters

� Prohibition on direct feeds to heating and appliances

� Low flush toilets

� Rainwater harvesting and reuse

� Installation of meters to non domestic premises

� Installation of meters to housing developments

� Replacement of old boundary boxes/stop cocks

� Programme for replacement combined connections


11.6 Surface Water Drainage and Flooding11.6.1 Surface Water Drainage

As new developments are constructed less rainfall is absorbed into the ground and an increased volume of

water (up to 10-15 times pre-development volumes) runs to drains at increased rates of flow. This has the

potential to cause localised flooding in streams and piped drains, as well as bringing surface contaminants

such as dog waste and spillages directly into watercourses, causing pollution. Thus new developments can lead

to flooding problems for existing upstream and downstream developments as well as impacting on overall

water quality, particularly in respect of dangerous substance contamination, habitat deterioration and

deterioration of river and stream channels. Furthermore, a number of Louth’s existing collection networks are

partially combined and are operating near or at capacity.

Policy

WS 27 To ensure that the incorporation of Sustainable Urban DrainageSystems measures in all settlements is mandatory. An integratedapproach to drainage will be adopted and all developmentproposals shall be accompanied by a comprehensive SUDSassessment which will address runoff quantity, runoff qualityand impacts on habitat and water quality. Best practiceguidance is available from the Greater Dublin StrategicDrainage Study Surface water issues and submissions will berequired to meet with design criteria (adjusted to reflect localconditions) and material designs therein.

WS 28 To prevent discharges of untreated sewage from overflows.

WS 29 To ensure that all discharges shall be attenuated to green fieldlevels whereby both flow rate and volume of discharge ofrunoff from developments to receiving waters shall mimic in sofar as possible pre- development levels.

WS 30 To ensure that when developers are master planning areaswithin and adjacent to settlements that sustainable drainage

Policy

WS 25 To implement the Water Conservation Programme in order toconserve valuable resources by reducing wastage, in bothdistribution systems and on individual consumer connections.

WS 26 To promote public awareness and involvement in waterconservation measures by households, businesses and industries.


261

will be adequately addressed. Master plans will identifyappropriate aerial features for example ponds and basins basedwithin the overall plan area that can provide both amenity andsurface water management facilities for the full area ratherthan a large collection of small development based units.

WS 31 To ensure that all new developments shall incorporateappropriate measures to protect existing water bodies throughappropriate treatment of runoff. In particular discharges fromcar parks shall be appropriately treated so as to removepollutant materials.

WS 32 To ensure that all new developments shall be provided withseparated drainage systems.

11.6.2 Flooding

Climate change coupled with changes in river

catchments will significantly impact upon flooding

during the course of the Plan and beyond. Both

urbanisation and changes in agricultural activities can

significantly modify flows in streams, rivers, drains

and piped conduits. Climate change will impact

significantly on peak river flows and tide levels.

Significant tracts of coastal lands in Louth are

considered to be at risk from flooding as are areas

adjacent to rivers and streams. Some areas located

upstream of constrained open channels where

streams have been culverted or outfalls tide locked,

may be at risk of flooding and further development

of these areas also may pose a significant risk to

downstream lands. Constriction of flows arising

from new developments, may pose risks to

upstream developments.

11.6.3 Sequential Approach to Flood Risk

In light of the very substantial areas of lands not at

risk of flooding within the county the council will

adopt the view that development on lands which

might be at risk of flooding or cause flood risk to

other lands is unnecessary and not only puts life and

property at risk, but also imposes an ongoing cost

associated with maintenance of flood defence works

that might otherwise not be required. As such, the

sequential approach will be applied in assessing

applications to be considered for development in

respect of flood risk. Thus developments will not be

considered on lands at risk of flooding or with

potential to cause flooding if other lands are

available in the general area that could

accommodate the development and that are

considered to be at a lower risk of flooding or

causing flooding.

Exceptions will be made in regards appropriate

developments, which are not sensitive to the effects

of flooding. Examples might include sports pitches,

parks, extensions and warehousing designed to be

flood resistant. Such developments may be

appropriate provided that they do not reduce the

floodplain area nor have potential to otherwise

restrict flow or lead to pollution of water, and that

the development is appropriately protected.

Detailed mapping of all flood risk areas will become

available during the course of the Plan. In the

interim, the council will take cognisance of historic

flood data, Office of Public Works data, Department

of Communication, Marine, and Natural Resources

data and local knowledge, in determining areas that

may be at risk and will apply the precautionary

approach in doing so.


Of particular importance in managing both surface water and flooding is the retention of natural

morphological features that attenuate flows. As such the council will strongly resist the infilling of areas such

as wetlands and natural hollows that would have a detrimental effect on flooding.

Policy

WS 33 To assess planning applications for development in accordancewith the provisions of The Planning System and Flood Risk

Management Guidelines. Applications will be assessed in thecontext of Louth County Council’s and the Office of PublicWorks (OPW) strategic flood risk assessment. The sequentialapproach detailed in the guidelines will be applied to alldevelopment and, if deemed necessary, the justification testrequired by the guidelines will also be applied with respect toany proposed development.

WS 34 To minimise the impact of developments on watercourses byrequiring flood impact assessments to be undertaken whereappropriate and to ensure that these assessments be carried outby competent persons and development proposals in floodrisk areas shall be accompanied by a certificate from acompetent person confirming that development will not impacton flooding.

WS 35 To work in conjunction with the OPW to produce indicativeflood risk mapping for the county which shall be made availablefor the purposes of land use planning.

WS 36 To establish where feasible riparian corridors* free fromdevelopment along all significant water courses and to retain anadequate corridor along all open water courses consistent withhabitat protection, maintenance access requirements and floodalleviation requirements.

WS 37 To retain and protect existing morphological features includingwetlands, bogs, natural hollows, drains and streams whichcontribute to the attenuation of surface water runoff.

WS 38 To ensure that permeable materials be utilised for pavedsurfaces where appropriate in all new developments.

WS 39 To maintain a presumption against culverting of rivers, streamsand drains. Where culverting is permitted the minimum size ofculvert shall be 900mm, with adequate access and suitableheadwalls and screening.

WS 40 To require sediment and pollution control plans to beimplemented in conjunction with any development works.


263

* Riparian Corridors

A riparian corridor is the land directly adjacent to or surrounding a natural or artificial waterway, including:

� Major and secondary rivers

� Intermittent, or permanent creeks and streams

� Gullies and drainage lines where surface water collects

� Wetlands

� Lakes

Riparian land extends from the edge of the waterway onto adjacent terrestrial land. The width of a riparian

zone may range from very narrow through to a wide, densely vegetated corridor. The width is dependent on

location within the catchment (valley or floodplain) and the adjacent land use (agriculture, forestry, park or

urban development). Riparian corridors provide a crucial link between terrestrial and stream ecosystems and

form a unique and distinct unit within the surrounding landscape. A healthy riparian corridor usually has a

diverse range of plant species.


265

12.1 IntroductionThe Plan sets out the council’s vision and strategy for

sustainable development of the county over the

period 2009 to 2015. It contains a wide range of

objectives and policies covering the broad range of

functions of the council. It is essentially a contract

between the council and the people of County Louth

and there is a statutory obligation on the council to

implement its provisions. This will present many

challenges in the years ahead, particularly since

ecomonic climate has changed significantly for the

worse since the period of the previous plan which is

now replaced. Therefore, there is no guarantee that

the range of specific objectives and projects included

in the Plan will be carried out in full or in part as this

will depend on the availability of funding. However,

the politics in relation to the manner in which the

council seeks to protect the heritage, environment

and well being of the people of Louth is not, by and

large, funding dependant. Therefore, in this regard,

the council will implement all relevant policies and

objectives as contained in the Plan.

The implementation of the policies, targets and

projects contained in the Plan does not fall to the

council alone. The people of the county, as

individuals and through community groups,

developers, government agencies and others

with the good of County Louth at heart, will be

required to play a significant role if the Plan is to be

fully delivered.

The Plan will also be regularly reviewed to assess

progress and to determine whether amendments are

required. Therefore, the council may carry out

variations of the Plan from time to time, where it is

considered that such amendments are warranted.

Chapter Twelve

Implementation and Monitoring

12.2 Local Area PlansA programme of local area plan (LAP) reviews will

commence following the making of the Plan. Local

area plans must be consistent with the policies and

objectives of the Plan, and will set the context for the

zoning of land at a local level for the use solely or

primarily of particular areas for particular purposes,

whether residential, commercial, industrial,

agricultural, recreational, open space or otherwise or

a mixture of these uses. In addition to the local area

plans, it may be necessary to pursue the

implementation of the strategic objectives of the Plan

through the preparation of further studies addressing

individual themes about which references are

contained in the Plan. This would include, for

example, the proposal to prepare a joint strategy for

the Boyne Valley in partnership with Meath County

Council and Drogheda Borough Council.

Chapter 12 Implementation and Monitoring

12.3 Public FundingFunding for the various projects, programmes and

objectives of the Plan will be dependent on capital

funding from the government under the National

Development Plan 2007 – 2013 and from other

sources such as the National Roads Authority. The

council’s own funds will also be allocated under the

annual budget adopted by the members in

November of each year. As previously referred to, the

availability of funding, even for important

maintenance and capital projects may be under

threat due to the deterioration in the government’s

finances. Therefore, the implementation of the Plan

in respect of capital projects will be dependent on

the availability of funding.

12.3.1 Section 48 Contributions Scheme

In accordance with the provisions of Sections 48 of

the Planning and Development Act 2000, the

council has prepared a Development Contributions

Scheme. All development proposals are required by

conditions attaching to planning permissions to make

a financial contribution towards the costs incurred by

the council, or likely to be incurred, in the provision

of public infrastructure.

During the building boom of the past decade,

especially since the introduction of the new scheme,

significant funding has been acquired for worthwhile

and important capital projects provided for under the

Scheme. The Scheme is due for review in 2009.

However, having regard to the decline of the building

industry, the amount of funding from this source is

likely to be reduced significantly over the period of

the Plan, unless there is a marked upturn in the

economy and the building sector, in particular. The

making of or the review of the Development

Contributions Scheme, is a reserved function.

Special contributions may also be imposed under

Section 48 (2) Planning and Development Act

2000, where specific public works not covered

under the general scheme and which facilitate

development, have been carried out or will be

carried out.

12.3.2 Section 49 Contribution Scheme

Under this provision, councils can require financial

contributions for major infrastructural works such as

roads, railway lines or major drainage projects. Like

the Section 48 scheme, this is also a reserved

function. No section 49 schemes were made during

the course of the previous plan but the council will

reserve the right to make such a scheme if

circumstances warrant it.

12.4 Private Funding12.4.1 Private Sector

The bulk of the development and investment

proposed in this Plan will come through the private

sector. This refers specifically to the industrial,

residential and commercial development that will

take place in the county over the Plan period. The

council will also consider entering into arrangements

with the private sector to secure the delivery of

essential infrastructure and investment where

appropriate, and subject to any infrastructure thus

provided being available to all who might require

access to it.

12.4.2 Public Private Partnerships

Public Private Partnerships (PPP) are agreements

between public sector organisations and private

sector investors and businesses for the purposes of

delivering specific projects related to public services

and infrastructure. Such an approach can involve a

number of different types of project, including:

� Design and build

� Design, build and operate

� Design, build, operate and finance

� Operating contracts

The PPP fund for local authorities provides start-up

funding for projects outside the main investment

programmes for example roads and water, covered

under the National Development Plan. Such projects

would include feasibility studies, the preparation of

business plans and preliminary design work.


267

12.5 BondsDevelopers will be required to give security to the council in the form of a cash deposit, bank bond or

insurance company bond, to ensure satisfactory completion of estates until such time as they are taken in

charge by the local authority. The value of the bond and the cash deposit will be reviewed during 2010 and

thereafter on the first of January of each year in accordance with the Wholesale Price Index for the

Construction Industry.

12.6 PhasingThe timely provision of supporting community facilities in tandem with the development of areas is important

in ensuring a high quality, sustainable development takes place. All large scale development proposals shall be

phased having regard to the delivery of both of physical and social infrastructure and orderly expansion

outwards from the existing built up area.

12.7 EnforcementThe council has extensive powers under the Planning and Development Act 2000 to take enforcement

action where unauthorised development has occurred, is occurring or where permitted development has not,

or is not being carried out, in compliance with the planning permission granted. The council will enforce the

planning legislation to ensure that the environmental, visual and economic development of the county is not

jeopardised by inappropriate and environmentally damaging development and to ensure that the policies and

objectives of the Plan are implemented and adhered to.

12.8 Monitoring and ReviewThe purpose of monitoring and review is to assess the effectiveness or otherwise of policies and objectives in

terms of achieving stated aims and objectives. Section 15(2) of the Planning and Development Act 2000

(as amended) states that, ‘the manager shall, not later than two years after the making of a

development plan, give a report to the members of the authority on the progress achieved in

securing the objectives’. Section 95(3) (a) of the Act expressly requires that the two year report includes a

review of progress on the housing strategy.

Following adoption of the Plan, key information requirements will be identified focusing on those policies and

objectives central to the aims and strategy of the Plan. These will be utilised in the review process.

In addition to the manager’s progress report, the council will continue to monitor the implementation and

operation of the Plan on an ongoing basis. Where it is considered that modifications or adjustments are

required in the interest of the proper planning and sustainable development, variations of the Plan may be

introduced.

Chapter 12 Implementation and Monitoring

ON

E

List of all bodies notified of the review of theCounty Development Plan

APPENDIX 1

Appendices

ELEV

EN

Statutory Bodies

1 Minister for the Environment, Heritage &Local Government

Customs House, Dublin 1.

2 An Bord Pleanala

64 Marlborough Street, Dublin 1.

3 Minister for Agriculture & Food,Agriculture House

Kildare Street, Dublin 2.

4 Minister for Community, Rural &Gaeltacht Affairs

43-49 Mespill Road, Dublin 4.

5 Minister for Defence

Parkgate, Infirmary Road, Dublin 7.

6 Minister for Education & Science

Marlborough Street Dublin 1.

7 Minister for Communications, Marine &Natural Resources

29 Adelaide Road, Dublin 2.

8 Department of Transport

44 Kildare Street, Dublin 2.

9 Dublin Airport Authority

Dublin Airport, County Dublin.

10 Failte Ireland

Baggot Street Bridge, Dublin 2.

11 Central Fisheries Board

Swords Business Campus, Swords,

County Dublin.

12 An Comhairle Ealaion

70 Merrion Square Dublin 2.


271

13 The Office of Public Works

51 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2.

14 Forfas

Wilton Park House, Wilton Place, Dublin 2.

15 The Heritage Council

Rothe House, Parliament Street, Kilkenny.

16 Health & Safety Authority

The Metropolitan Building, James JoyceStreet, Dublin 1.

17 National Roads Authority

St. Martin’s House, Waterloo Road, Dublin 4.

18 Eastern Regional Fisheries Board

15a Main Street, Blackrock, County Dublin.

19 An Taisce

Tailor’s Hall, Dublin 8.

20 Drogheda Borough Council

Fair Street, Drogheda, County Louth.

21 Dundalk Town Council

Crowe Street, Dundalk, County Louth.

22 Ardee Town Council

Fair Green, Ardee, County Louth.

23 Meath County Council

County Hall, Navan County Meath.

24 Monaghan County Council

Council Offices, The Glen, Monaghan.

25 County Development Board

Knockbridge, Dundalk, County Louth.

Appendices

26 The Border Regional Authority

Corlurgan Business Park, BallinaghRoad, Cavan.

27 Mid-East Regional Authority

Station Road, County Wicklow.

28 West Regional Authority

Woodquay Court, Woodquay, Galway.

29 Midland Regional Authority

Bridge Centre, Bridge Street, Tullamore.

30 Centre for Local & Regional Studies

38 Abbey Street, Armagh City,County Armagh.

31 NI for Regional & Spatial Analysis

Hume Building, NUI, Maynooth,County Kildare.

32 Craigavon Divisional Planning OfficeMarlborough House, Craigavon,

County Armagh.

33 Divisional Planning Manager

Rathkeltair House, Market Street,Downpatrick.

34 Department for Regional DevelopmentClarence Court, 10-18 Adelaide Street, Belfast.

35 Newry & Mourne District CouncilMonaghan Row, Newry, County Down.

36 Down District Council

24 Strangford Rd, Downpatrick, Co. Down.

37 Planning Services Headquarters

17-25 Great Victoria St, Belfast, N.Ireland.

38 Roads Services Northern Ireland

Clarence Court 10-18 Adelaide Street, Belfast.

Service Providers

1 ESB

Group Headquarters, Lower Fitzwilliam Street,Dublin 2.

2 Bord Gais

Board Gais Networks, Block B2, SandyfordBusiness Park, Dublin 18.

3 Iarnód Eireann

Iarnrod Eireann, Connolly Station, AmienStreet, Dublin.

4 Bus Eireann

Main Building, Broadstone, Phibsboro,Dublin 7.

5 An Garda Siochana

Dundalk District HQ, The Crescent, Dundalk.

6 Health Service Executive

Dublin Road, Dundalk.

7 Irish Defence Forces

Aiken Barracks, Dundalk.

8 Louth County Enterprise Board

Quayside Business Park, Mill Street, Dundalk.

9 Eircom

114, St. Stephens Green West, Dublin 2.

10 Vodafone Head Office

Mountain View, Central Park, Leogardstown,Dublin 18.

11 O2 Head Office

28-29 Sir John Rogerson Quay, Dublin 2.

12 Meteor Head Office

4030 Kingswood Avenue, Citywest BusinessPark, Dublin 24.


273

13 3G Mobile (Head Office)

c/o Sigma Wireless, McKee Avenue,Dublin 11.

14 Digiweb Ltd.

IDA Industrial Park, Dundalk, County Louth.

15 Perlico

National Headquaters, Carmanhall Road,Dublin 18.

16 UPC (Choras & NTL)

UPC Communications Ireland Ltd, Building P2Dublin 3

17 BT Communications Ireland Ltd

Grand Canal Plaza, Dublin 4.

18 Drogheda Port Company

Maritime House, The Mall, Drogheda,County Louth.

19 Dundalk Port Company

Harbour Office, Dundalk, County Louth.

20 Greenore Port Company

The Harbour, Greenore Port, Greenore.

21 Citizens Information Board

7th Floor, Hume House, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4.

22 County Louth VEC

Chapel Street, Dundalk, County Louth.

23 Dundalk Institute of Technology

Dublin Road, Dundalk, County Louth.

24 National Roads Authority (Head Office)

St. Martin’s House, Waterloo Rd, Dublin 4.

Appendices

25 National Development Plan

St. Martin’s House, Waterloo Road, Dublin 4.

26 Celtic Roads Group

M1 Toll Plaza, Balgeen, Drogheda,County Meath.

27 Irish Coast Guard IRCG

Department of Transport, Leeson Lane,Dublin 2.

28 Order of Malta

Mill Street, Dundalk, County Louth.

29 Order of Malta

Regional Services, Fair Street, Drogheda,County Louth.

30 Irish Red Cross

Jocelyn Street, Dundalk, County Louth.

31 R.N.L.I.

Clogherhead Lifeboat Station, Clogherhead,County Louth.

32 The Samaritans

3, Leyland Place, Stockwell Street, Drogheda,County Louth.

33 St. Vincent De Paul

Area Office, 2 Magdalene Street, Drogheda,County Louth.

34 St Educate Together

Tullamore, Offlay.

35 Dundalk Simon Community

PO Box 26, Barrack Street, Dundalk,County Louth.

36 Louth County Forum

104 Ard Easmuinn, Dundalk, County Louth.

37 County Childcare Committee

Unit 14, Ardee Business Park , Ardee,County Louth.

38 Traveller Accommodation Group

Louth County Council, County Hall,Dundalk, County Louth.

39 LMFM

Rathmullen Road, Drogheda,

County Louth.

40 Dundalk FM 100

Dundalk Media Centre, Park Street,Dundalk, County Louth.

41 Oxigen Environmental Ltd

Brookville Business Park, Ardee Road,Dundalk, County Louth.

42 Panda Waste Disposal

Rathdrinagh Beauparc, Navan,County Meath.

43 Ace Skips

Lisieux, Cortial, Kilkerley, Dundalk,County Louth.

44 Allied Waste Disposal

St. Oliver Plunkett Street, Oldcastle, Navan,County Meath.

45 Midland Waste Disposal Ltd

Proudstown Road, Navan, County Meath.

46 Dundalk Recycling Centre

Newry Road, Dundalk, County Louth.

47 Matthews Coach Hire Ltd

Callenberg, Inniskeen, Dundalk.

48 Anna Halpenny

Violet Bus Services, Ashville, The Square,Blackrock.

275


49 Dundalk Chamber of Commerce

Hagan House, Ramparts Road, Dundalk.

50 Drogheda Chamber of Commerce

10, Dublin Rd, Drogheda,

51 Failte Ireland

Environment Section, Baggot Street Bridge,

Dublin 2.

52 Dundalk 2020

Regional Development Centre, DkIT, DublinRoad, Dundalk.

53 Construction Industry FederationConstruction House, Canal Road, Dublin 6.

54 The Irish Farmers Association

Irish Farm Centre, Bluebell, Dublin 12.

55 Irish Congress of Trade Unions

31/32 Parnell Square, Dublin 1.

56 EirGrid PLC

27, Lower Fitzwilliam Street, Dublin 2.

57 Enterprise Ireland

Finnabair Industrial Park, Dundalk.

58 Louth Leader

Main Street, Ardee, County Louth.

59 Louth County Enterprise Board

Partnership Court, Ramparts, Dundalk.

60 FÁS

Training Centre, Dundalk, County Louth.

Appendices

TWO

Principles of an Age Friendly Society

APPENDIX 2

Appendices

279


Checklist of Essential Features of Age-Friendly Cities

This checklist of essential age friendly city features is based on the results of the WHO Global Age-Friendly

Cities project consultation in 33 cities in 22 countries. The checklist is a tool for a city’s self-assessment and a

map for charting progress. More detailed checklists of age-friendly city features are to be found in the WHO

Global Age-Friendly Cities Guide.

This checklist is intended to be used by individuals and groups interested in making their city more age-friendly.

For the checklist to be effective, older people muct be involved as full partners. In assessing a city’s strengths

and deficiencies, older people will describe how the checklist of features matches their own experience of the

city’s positive characteristics and barriers. They should play a role in suggesting changes and in implementing

and monitoring improvements.

Outdoor spaces and buildings

Public areas are clean and pleasant.

Green spaces and outdoor seating are

sufficient in number, well maintained and safe.

Pavements are well-maintained, free of

obstructions and reserved for pedestrians.

Pavements are non-slip, are wide enough

for wheelchairs and have dropped curbs to

road level.

Pedestrian crossings are sufficient in

number and safe for people with different

levels and types of disability, with non-slip

markings, visual and audio cues and adequate

crossing times.

Drivers give way to pedestrians at intersections

and pedestrian crossings.

Cycle paths are separate from pavements and

other pedestrian walkways.

Outdoor safety is promoted by good

street lighting, police patrols and

community education.

Services are situated together and

are accessible.

Special customer service arrangements are

provided, such as separate queues or service

counters for older people.

Buildings are well-signed outside and inside,

with sufficient seating and toilets, accessible

elevators, ramps, railings and stairs and non-

slip floors.

Public toilets outdoors and indoors are

sufficient in number, clean, well maintained

and accessible.

Transportation

Public transportation costs are consistent,

clearly displayed and affordable.

Public transportation is reliable and

frequent, including at night and on

weekends and holidays.

All city areas and services are accessible by

public transport, with good connections and

well-marked routes and vehicles.

Vehicles are clean, well- maintained, accessible,

not overcrowded and have priority seating that

is respected.

Appendices

Specialized transportation is available for

disabled people.

Drivers stop at designated stops and beside the

curb to facilitate boarding and wait for

passengers to be seated before driving off.

Transport stops and stations are

conveniently located, accessible, safe, clean,

well-lit and well-marked, with adequate

seating and shelter.

Complete and accessible information is

provided to users about routes, schedules and

special needs facilities.

A voluntary transport service is available where

public transportation is too limited.

Taxis are accessible and affordable, and drivers

are courteous and helpful.

Roads are well-maintained, with covered drains

and good lighting.

Traffic flow is well- regulated.

Roadways are free of obstructions that block

drivers’ vision.

Traffic signs and intersections are visible and

well-placed.

Driver education and refresher courses are

promoted for all drivers.

Parking and drop-off areas are safe, sufficient

in number and conveniently located.

Priority parking and drop-off spots for people

with special needs are available and respected.

Housing

Sufficient, affordable, housing is available in

areas that are safe and close to services and the

rest of the community.

Sufficient and affordable home maintenance

and support services are available.

Housing is well-constructed and provides safe

and comfortable shelter from the weather.

Interior spaces and level surfaces allow

freedom of movement in all rooms and

passageways.

Home modification options and supplies are

available and affordable, and providers

understand the needs of older people.

Public and commercial rental housing is clean,

well-maintained and safe.

Sufficient and affordable housing for frail and

disabled older people, with appropriate

services, is provided locally.

Social participation

Venues for events and activities are

conveniently located, accessible, well-lit and

easily reached by public transport.

Events are held at times convenient for

older people.

Activities and events can be attended alone or

with a companion.

Activities and attractions are affordable with no

hidden or additional participation costs.

Good information about activities and events

is provided, including details about accessibility

of facilities and transportation options for

older people.

281


A wide variety of activities is offered to appeal

to a diverse population of older people.

Gatherings including older people are held in

various local community spots, such as

recreation centres, schools, libraries,

community centres and parks.

There is consistent outreach to include people

at rick of social isolation.

Respect and social inclusion

Older people are regularly consulted by public,

voluntary and commercial services on how to

serve them better.

Services and products to suit varying needs and

preferences are provided by public and

commercial services.

Service staff are courteous and helpful.

Older people are visible in the media, and are

depicted positively and without stereotyping.

Community-wide settings, activities and events

attract all generations by accommodating age-

specific needs and preference.

Older people are specifically included in

community activities for “families”.

Schools provide opportunities to learn about

ageing and older people, and involve older

people in school activities.

Older people are recognized by the

community for their past as well as their

present contributions.

Older people who are less well-off have good

access to public, voluntary and private services.

Civic participation and employment

A range of flexible options for older volunteers

is available, with training, recognition,

guidance and compensation for personal costs.

The qualities of older employees are

well promoted.

A range of flexible and appropriately

paid opportunities for older people to work

is promoted.

Discrimination on the basis of age alone is

forbidden in the hiring, retention, promotion

and training of employees.

Workplaces are adapted to meet the needs of

disabled people.

Self-employment options for older people are

promoted and supported.

Training in post-retirement options is provided

for older workers.

Decision-making bodies in public, private and

voluntary sectors encourage and facilitate

membership of older people.

Communication and information

A basic, effective communication system

reaches community residents of all ages.

Regular and widespread distribution of

information is assured and coordinated,

centralised access is provided.

Regular information and broadcasts of interest

to older people are offered.

Oral communication accessible to older people

is promoted.

People at risk of social isolation get one-to-one

information from trusted individuals.

Appendices

Public and commercial services provide friendly,

person-to-person service on request.

Printed information - including official forms,

television captions and text on visual displays -

has large lettering and the main ideas are

shown by clear headings and bold-face type.

Print and spoken communication use

simple, familiar words in short, straight

forward sentences.

Telephone answering services give instructions

slowly and clearly and tell callers how to repeat

the message at any time.

Electronic equipment, such as mobile,

telephones, radios, televisions, and bank and

ticket machines, has large buttons and

big lettering.

There is wide public access to computers and

the Internet, at no or minimal charge, in public

places such as government offices, community

centres and libraries.

Community and health services

An adequate range of health and community

support services is offered for promoting,

maintaining and restoring health.

Home care services include health and personal

care and housekeeping.

Health and social services are

conveniently located and accessible by all

means of transport.

Residential care facilities and designated older

people’s housing are located close to services

and the rest of the community.

Health and community service facilities are

safely constructed and fully accessible.

Clear and accessible information is provided

about health and social services for

older people.

Delivery of services is coordinated and

administratively simple.

All staff are respectful, helpful and trained to

serve older people.

Economic barriers impeding access to health

and community support services are minimized.

Voluntary services by people of all ages are

encouraged and supported.

There are sufficient and accessible burial sites.

Community emergency planning takes into

account the vulnerabilities and capacities of

older people.

WHO/FCH/ALC2007.1

© World Health Organization 2007. All rights reserved.

THRE

E

Candidate Sites of Geological Interest

APPENDIX 3

Appendices

285


�Map 2.3 Candidate Sites of Geographical Interest

Appendices

FOU

R

Areas of Special Archaeological Interest

APPENDIX FOUR

� Ardee

� Carlingford

� Castlering

� Castleroche

� Collon

� Dromiskin

� Dunleer

� Grange

� Louth Village

� Newtown Monasterboice

� Termonfeckin

Appendices

�Map 4.3 Ardee

289


�Map 4.4 Carlingford

Appendices

�Map 4.3 Castlering

291


�Map 4.4 Castleroche

Appendices

�Map 4.5 Collon

293


�Map 4.6 Dromiskin

Appendices

�Map 4.7 Dunleer

295


�Map 4.8 Grange

Appendices

�Map 4.9 Louth Village

297


�Map 4.10 Newtown Monasterboice

Appendices

�Map 4.11 Termonfeckin

FIV

E

Architectural Conservation Areas

APPENDIX FIVE

� Ardee

� Carlingford

� Castlebellingham

� Collon

� Collon

� Greenore

� Newtown Monasterboice

� Monasterboice

� Salterstown

� Whitestown

Appendices

Ardee Historic Core

Location and Boundaries

The Architectural Conservation Area covers the

length of the main street, to the rear boundaries

of all properties - Irish Street, Market Street, Castle

Street, Bridge Street and William Street. The

area includes the majority of the town’s

protected structures.

Historical Development of the Area

The town takes its name from the Irish - Ath

Fhirdia, the ford on the river Dee where the

legendary hero Cúchulainn fought and defeated his

friend Ferdia in the course of the Táin Bo Cuailnge.

In medieval times it was an important Norman

walled town.

Character

Ardee is now an attractive broad-street town, and the commercial centre for its hinterland. The main street is

lined by good houses, two and three storeys in height, with some interesting shopfronts, and is distinguished

by two late medieval tower houses. The south end of the area features a pleasant riverside walk and some

attractive rubble stone warehousing.

Materials

The prevailing materials in Ardee, as in most Irish small towns, are slated roofs and plastered facades with

timber windows and shopfronts. The two tower houses and churches are of stone, while there are a small

number of brick buildings, notably the Bank of Ireland and Hamills with decorative trim.

Views

Views up and down the street are dominated by

Ardee Castle, while to the south the rich

agricultural lands of mid-Louth can be seen.

301


Objectives

1 To preserve the special character of the historic town core and its setting through positive management

of changes to the built environment, in particular, by requiring that the height, scale, design and

materials of any proposed development within the village and in the surrounding area should

complement the character of the village and not diminish its distinctiveness of place.

2 To protect the landscape setting of the village and the views outwards.

3 To encourage the removal of visually intrusive elements such as overhead cables and

inappropriate signage.

4 To require the preservation and re-instatement of traditional details and materials on existing

buildings and in the streetscape where improvements or maintenance works are being carried out.

5 To use appropriate materials, street furniture and lighting in any public development of the area.

Appendices

�Map 5.1 Ardee Historic Core ACA

303


Carlingford ACA A Medieval Walled Town


‘The town is situated at the foot of Slieve Foye along a narrow ledge of land where the mountain slope meets

the sea. The medieval town lay between the castle, on the north, and the parish church, on the south, with its

long axis aligned north-south, accommodating itself to the narrow corridor of low ground. Both the castle

and church are on high points but it is the castle built on a rock outcrop projecting into Carlingford Lough and

forming a sheltered harbour which dominates the town.’ (Bradley)

The boundary of the ACA is based on the line of the Medieval town walls and extends from the City wall on

the west, to the coastline on the east, and from King John’s Castle on the North to the Mill Pond on the south.


The town was originally a harbour for the Vikings along the northern coast nestled against the backdrop of

the Cooley Mountains. It was with the arrival of the Normans in 1185 that the first urban settlement was

established. Its natural defensive position at the head of the lough led Hugh de Lacy to construct King John’s

Castle c.1200, and subsequently the town grew as an important trading centre. The mid 19th century saw the

arrival of the railway and growth of the harbour and quay walls.

Character

The medieval character of the town is evident in the survival of the medieval street pattern which provides a

striking sense of enclosure - its two parallel streets running north/south, cut by three cross streets, the principle

of being Market Street, and the narrow interconnecting laneways. A remarkable feature of the town is the

number of medieval buildings surviving – King John’s Castle, the Dominican Abbey, the Mint, the Tholsel,

Taaffe’s Castle.

Buildings front directly onto the street for the most part, although the larger houses such as Carlingford

House, the Churches, Court house and Garda Station, are set back from the street line with boundary walls

and railings.

Appendices

The 18th, 19th and early 20th century buildings are generally simple vernacular terraces of two and three-

storey houses, gable ended, plastered and painted, and some attractive shopfronts.

Materials

Although the buildings are relatively unadorned, many retain original features such timber sash windows,

raised plaster quoins and window surrounds, and with their slate roofs, make up the attractive streetscapes.

Surviving medieval buildings have lost their traditional lime plaster finishes and the random rubble stonework

of the walls are visible.

Views

The most important views are of the town against the mountain backdrop, showing the relation of the town

and castle between mountain and water.

Views out from Carlingford across the Lough to County Down are also of importance for the appreciation of

the context and setting of the town, including the harbour.

Objectives

1 To preserve the special character of the town, its medieval street pattern and its setting through

positive management of changes to the built environment, in particular, by requiring that the height,

scale, design and materials of any proposed development within the ACA and in the adjoining area

should complement the character of the town and not diminish its distinctiveness of place.

2 To protect the landscape setting of the village and the views both inward and outward.

3 To encourage the removal of visually intrusive elements such as overhead cables and inappropriate

signage.

4 To require the preservation and re-instatement of traditional details and materials on existing buildings

and in the streetscape where improvements or maintenance works are being carried out.


305


�Map 5.2 Carlingford ACA

Appendices

Castlebellingham ACA An Estate Village


Castlebellingham ACA is centred on the old Dublin

–Belfast Road which winds north-south through the

town. The ACA starts on the south bank of the

river, includes the bridge, mill, and mill race, church

of Ireland and widows cottages, the green, and the

main street of the town as far as the intersection of

roads at the northern end.


The town’s history is linked with the Bellingham

family and the brewing trade. The most prominent

feature of the town is Bellingham Castle with its

impressive entrance gate arch. Reminders of the

brewing trade can be seen in the brewery grain

store on the triangular green, recently converted to

retail and residential uses.

Character

The deep river valley generates a strong focal point

in the landscape drawing the countryside into the

town. The urban form of the proposed

Castlebellingham ACA is much as it was in the

eighteenth and nineteenth century with the main

road providing a series of pleasant views and

interesting spaces – at the Gateway, the green, and

terminating at the northern junction. The Castle,

Church and estate cottages form a picturesque

grouping near the river. The main street is made up

of a combination of residential and commercial

buildings linked in terraces, with an occasional

detached house, all generally two storeys in height,

with only one three storey house on the

Annagassan Road. The roofs are pitched and

gabled. Of particular notes are the widows cottages

with their highly decorative chimneystacks, barge

boards, and windows.

Materials

The prevailing materials in Castlebellingham, as in most Irish small towns are slated roofs and plastered facades

with timber windows and shopfronts. The Church of Ireland is quite typically built of stone, and there are

attractive stone boundary walls to the graveyard and from the Castle entrance area to the bridge.

Castlebellingham is unusual however, for the inclusion of a number of brick buildings, particularly the brewery

buildings, which formed the industrial core of the town, and the estate cottages which are of high quality

stonework with brick trim.

307


Objectives

1 To preserve the special character of the village and its setting through positive management of changes

to the built environment, in particular, by requiring that the height, scale, design and materials of any

proposed development within the village and in the surrounding area should complement the character

of the village and not diminish its distinctiveness of place.

2 To protect the landscape setting of the village and the views inwards.

3 To preserve the historic street pattern and character of the village, by the retention of buildings and

materials as described above, and the retention of existing boundary features, walls.




Appendices

�Map 5.3 Castlebellingham ACA

309


Collon ACA An Estate Village


The village of Collon is built on a steep hill around the intersection of the N2, Dublin to Derry road, and the

R168 road to Drogheda, with an outlook over the valley. The boundaries of the ACA extend from the Round

House at the north end of the town, to the river at the south, and from the Mattock Inn on Drogheda Street

to the rear of the Church of Ireland graveyard on the west.


The town and manor of Collon once belonged to the Cistercian order of Mellifont Abbey until the dissolution

of the monasteries under Henry II. Development took place in the 18th century with the arrival of industry,

sited to take advantage of the river. Between 1780 and 1790 a spinning mill, hosiery factory and weaving

company were established by the Rt. Hon. John Foster. After the famine many corn mills in the district

converted to milling flax.

Materials

Buildings generally have plastered walls, traditionally a lime render would have been used, often with a

limewash finish. In a limited number of cases, most notably the Erasmus School, the rubble stonework is

exposed, otherwise rubble stone is confined to boundary walls or outbuildings. Both churches have fine ashlar

limestone to the front facades. There are some good examples of ironwork, typically in the gates to the former

parochial house, and railings to Collon House and Elmview. Timber is used for windows and doors and as such

forms standard elements of the shop-fronts. Many buildings within the ACA retain their natural slate roofs

which add to the visual richness of the area.

Character

The overall present impression is of a Regency character, the best preserved in the County, attributed to the

local landlord, Lord Oriel, who built the main street in the “ English style “. A significant early Georgian three

storey house ( built 1740 ) gives solidity to the north east corner of the junction. The village green, designed

for an open air market, is set back from the road and creates a focus for the north end of the village. Later

Victorian and early 20thC buildings have in general been consistent with the earlier buildings and blended well

into the mix. Buildings both front onto the street or are set back with a boundary of railings, or railings and

boundary wall. There is a gap in the streetscape on the north-west side.

Appendices

Objectives






3 To preserve the historic street pattern and Regency character of the village, by the retention of

buildings and materials described above, and the retention of existing boundary features, walls,

and railings.

4 To encourage the removal of visually intrusive elements such as overhead cables and

inappropriate signage.




311


�Map 5.4 Collon ACA

Appendices

Greenore ACA


Greenore is located on the northern shore of the Cooley peninsula. The ACA starts at the bungalows on the

southern outskirts, and includes Euston Street, Andlesey Terrace, and the coastguard houses.


Greenore was constructed to provide an alternative passenger train and ferry route from Ireland to England.

The harbour complex, pier and railway station were designed by James Barton, a pupil of John Macneill –

engineer for the Great Northern Railway line. A hotel, houses for the staff, and a school for the children was

added, and in the late 1890’s, a golf course and bungalows for the officers.

Character

Although Greenore ceased to operate as passenger port in 1952 this remarkable group of buildings survives in

an almost complete state, the major casualty of recent years being the hotel. The stone and brick terraces of

Euston Street, brick schoolhouse, and timber frame bungalows are one of the finest groupings in Ireland.

Materials

While the area is notable for the high quality stonework of Euston Street with its brick dressings, a lighter note

is struck in the plasterwork of the coastguard houses, and delicate ironwork of lamp standards and decorative

ironwork railings. Stone boundary walls surround the semi detached and detached houses at the southern

end, and form the eastern boundary of the ACA along the lane to the rear of Euston Street.

Views

� Along Euston Street, north to the Mournes.

� Eastward from the coastguard houses and the seafront

313


Objectives







materials as described above, and the retention of existing boundary features, walls, and railings.




Appendices

�Map 5.5 Greenore ACA

315


Monasterboice ACA MonasticSite and Clachan Settlement


The area of ACA covers the overall historic

settlement, with its souterrain sites, and is largely

unspoilt and free from modern development. There

is archaeological evidence for enclosures and

surviving deposits in the ground.

Traces of the circular earthen ramparts which once

enclosed the monastery can be seen from the top

of the tower.


This uniquely important early medieval monastic

site was founded by St Buíthe about AD 500 and

was an important centre up to the twelfth century,

when its importance was eclipsed by the

foundation nearby of the first Cistercian abbey in

Ireland at Mellifont.

The principle monuments are the Early Christian

Round Tower, High Crosses, and Medieval church

ruins. Muiredach’s Cross and the Tall Cross, which

date from the late ninth or early tenth century are

among the most remarkable works of early Irish

Art. These are beautifully carved with scenes from

scripture and, as some of the finest examples of

their type, are of undoubted international

importance. The Round Tower is 35m high and in

very good condition.

Objectives

1 To protect the landscape setting of the

medieval structures and ensure that the

Round Tower remain the dominant vertical

feature of the skyline.

Appendices

�Map 5.6 Monastic S.te and Clachan Settlement

317


Newtown Monasterboice ACA,A Clachan Settlement


Newtown Monasterboice is located off the N1 to

the north of the town of Drogheda. The ACA

covers the area of the village to the rear boundaries

of the plots.


A Clachan refers to a small settlement of clustered

houses with no church, and usually, no shop or

school. There would normally have been ties of

kinship between the families in a clachan.

Character and Materials

Although a considerable number of new houses

have been build in the area in the 20th century, the

character has survived to a reasonable extent. The

roadway is narrow and winding, with good and

varied examples of stone walls and pleasant tree-

lined views. The original buildings are vernacular,

with single, 1 ½ or two storey dwellings with

adjoining outbuildings, the roofs are slated,

thatched or corrugated iron, walls are stone,

natural, plastered or whitewashed.

Objectives



proposed development within the village should complement the character of the village.

2 To preserve the street pattern and character of the village, by the retention of buildings and materials

as described above, and the retention of existing boundary features.



4 To use appropriate materials, street furniture and lighting in any public development of the area

Appendices

�Map 5.7 Newtown Monasterboice ACA

319


Salterstown ACA,A Clachan Settlement


Salterstown is located 2 km northeast of

Annagassan. The ACA covers the area of the

village to the rear boundaries of the plots.


A Clachan refers to a small settlement of

clustered houses with no church, and usually, no

shop or school. There would normally have been

ties of kinship between the families in a clachan.

Salterstown is remarkable in that it has continued

to evolve slowly, with new houses being built

during the 20th century, but its traditional

character has largely survived.

Character and Materials

The buildings are vernacular, with single, 1 ½ or

two storey dwellings with adjoining outbuildings,

the roofs are slated, thatched or corrugated iron,

walls are stone, natural, plastered or

whitewashed. There are some good and varied

examples of stone walls within the settlement

and pleasant tree-lined views.

Appendices

Objectives











321


�Map 5.8 Salterstown ACA

Appendices

Whitestown ACA


Whitestown is located on the south eastern tip of

the Cooley peninsula, close to the coast. The ACA

covers the historic area of the settlement to the rear

of all plots and includes a buffer zone on all

approach roads.


A Clachan refers to a small settlement of clustered

houses with no church, and usually, no shop or

school. There would normally have been ties of

kinship between the families in a clachan.

Whitestown is remarkable in that it has continued

to evolve slowly, with new houses being built

during the 20th century, but its traditional character

has survived.

Character

The village consists of a single street, with clusters

of buildings forming secondary spaces and

courtyard areas set back from the street. Some

houses face onto the street, some are end-on,

producing a varied street edge.

The buildings are vernacular, with single, 1 ½ or

two storey dwellings with adjoining outbuildings,

Both gables and frontages face the road creating

semi-enclosed spaces. The roads are not defined by

kerbs, but edged with grassed verges, or change

surface gently to meet the buildings.

Materials

The roofs are slated, thatched or corrugated iron,

walls are stone, natural, plastered or whitewashed.

323


Objectives

1 To preserve the special character of the village through positive management of changes to the built

environment, in particular, by requiring that the height, scale, layout, design and materials of any

proposed development within the village should be consistent with the character of the village and not

diminish its distinctiveness of place.

2 To protect the integrity of the village and its landscape setting, by limiting the extent of development

along the approach roads to the village, and requiring that any new development on its periphery

should be compatible in layout, form and materials with the existing character of the ACA.

3 To preserve the historic building pattern and character of the village, by the retention of buildings and


4 To encourage the retention or re-use where appropriate of intact structures, repair or reinstatement of

derelict or disused structures, and to permit infill development where this is sensitive to the character of

the settlement.



Appendices

�Map 5.9 Whitestown ACA

SIX

Category II (a) Settlements

APPENDIX SIX

� Ballapousta

� Darver

� Grange

� Gyles Quay

� Kilcurry

� Kilkerley

� Lordship

� Mountbagnal

� Ravensdale

� Sandpit

� Stabannon

Appendices

�Map 6.1 Ballapousta

327


�Map 6.2 Darver

Appendices

�Map 6.3 Grange

329


�Map 6.4 Gyles Quay

Appendices

�Map 6.5 Kilcurry

331


�Map 6.6 Kilkerley

Appendices

�Map 6.7 Lordship

333


�Map 6.8 Mountbagnal

Appendices

�Map 6.9 Ravensdale1

335


�Map 6.10 Sandpit

Appendices

�Map 6.11 Stabannan

SEV

EN

Category II (b) Settlements

APPENDIX SEVEN

� Ballagan

� Bellurgan

� Dillionstown

� Dromin

� Faughart Lower

� Fieldstown Brownstown I

� Fieldstown Brownstown II

� Grange Irish

� Grangebellew

� Glenmore

� Greenore

� Mansfieldstown

� Muchgrange

� Mucklagh

� Philipstown

� Rathcor

� Ravensdale II

� Reaghstown

� Sheelagh

� Tinure

� Willville

Appendices

�Map 7.1 Ballagan

339


�Map 7.2 Bellurgan

Appendices

�Map 7.3 Benach

341


�Map 7.4 Dillonstown

Appendices

�Map 7.5 Dromin

343


�Map 7.6 Faughart Lower

Appendices

�Map 7.7 Benach

345


�Map 7.8 Dillonstown

Appendices

�Map 7.9 Grangebellew

347


�Map 7.10 Glenmore

Appendices

�Map 7.11 Greenore

349


�Map 7.12 Mansfieldstown

Appendices

�Map 7.13 Muchgrange

351


�Map 7.14 Mucklagh

Appendices

�Map 7.15 Philipstown

353


�Map 7.16 Rathcor

Appendices

�Map 7.17 Ravensdale II

355


�Map 7.18 Reaghstown

Appendices

�Map 7.19 Sheelagh

357


�Map 7.20 Tinure

Appendices

�Map 7.21 Willville

EIG

HT

Procedures for Taking in Charge of RecentlyCompleted Housing Estates

APPENDIX EIGHT

Appendices

361


Procedures for

Taking in Charge of

Recently Completed Housing Estates

1 IntroductionLouth County Council have a duty as outlined under Part XI, Section 180 of the Planning and Development

Act, 2000 to take in charge roads, open spaces, car parks, sewers, watermains and drains.

The development must conform to the conditions set out during the planning application and subsequent

approval.

Implicit in the above is that the Developer must construct the works to a standard similar to, or higher than the

standards and specifications of the Department of the Environment and Local Government and/or those

attached to the planning applications and subsequent approval.

The Local Authority must ascertain that the works have been carried out to acceptable standards (by visual

inspection, testing, obtaining certification covering materials and workmanship).

Assessment will be carried out by:

� Examining as-constructed drawings of the works

� Examining certificates covering quality of materials and workmanship

� Visual inspection of the work elements/areas to be taken in charge

� Surveying hidden services

� Performance testing of identified work elements

Before an estate is taken in charge, the work must be complete. Roads shall have their wearing course applied

and all foul and storm drains shall be properly constructed and free running.

Appendices

2 Commencement of ProcessWhen the Developer is satisfied that the estate is ready for taking in charge he shall notify, in writing, the Local

Authority and hence formally apply to have the development ‘taken in charge’. The Developer shall prepare a

‘taking in charge handover file’. to include the following:

� Drawings

The Developer must provide detailed as-constructed drawings of the works to be taken in charge (in

hardcopy and digital format).

� Certificates

The Developer must provide test certificates covering items such as: watermain pressure tests, air tests

on sewers, macadam materials tests, installation certificates for pumps, ESB compliance etc.

� Wayleaves and easements

The Developer must produce evidence of all wayleave agreements for services that traverse private

property.

� Surveys

The Developer must organise surveys and inspections of ‘hidden’ works i.e. CCTV surveys of foul and

storm drains, dye tests at selected locations to determine if surface water is connected to foul sewers,

trial holes or cores on roadways etc.

The Developer should commence assembling the file from the start of construction activities. The file shall, as

mentioned above, include all relevant certificates for materials and testing, supervising Engineer’s or Architect’s

certificates.

The Developer shall submit the handover file to the Local Authority when applying to have the development

taken in charge. The Local Authority shall inspect the handover file and may issue the Developer with a list of

items requiring attention.

Note: Presentation of sub-standard or incomplete handover file will delay or put in abeyance the taking in

charge process.

363


3 Work Items to be Taken in Charge

Sanitary Services to be taken in chargeGenerally water, sewer and surface water pipelines, manholes, valves, fixtures and fittings located on roadways

or open spaces will be taken in charge.

Piped services that traverse private property will not be adopted unless permission to traverse such property

was clearly indicated at planning approval stage. The pipelines will only be taken in charge if they are not

overbuilt and if enforceable wayleave agreements are in place as a burden on contract of sale for properties. It

is not Council policy to take in charge service connections, drains or combined drains that serve to provide a

connection from one or more houses to a sewer.

In the case of water service connections the Local Authority will take the connection in charge up to the point

225mm from where the pipe enters onto private property.

Roads and footpaths to be taken in chargeAll ‘public’ roads and footpaths within estates shall be taken in charge. Roads and footways on private

property shall not be taken in charge unless a public right of way has been established.

Grass Areas and Open spacesThe Local Authority shall take in charge open spaces (grassed areas) including narrow grassed strips located

between the edge of footpaths and the adjacent roadside kerb. The Local Authority will not carry out

maintenance of the grassed areas.

Appendices

4 Taking in Charge File

4.1 Mapping and Drawings

4.1.1 General

Layout plans of developments shall be in hardcopy at

a scale of not less than 1:500 and digital mapping

compatible with AUTOCAD Release 14 or later

version.

Digital Mapping shall be co-ordinated with OS

mapping, and features shall relate to national grid

co-ordinate system.

The maximum tolerance of location in horizontal

plane shall be 0.5m.

Background mapping shall incorporate all features

normally presented on 1:1000 series OS sheet

mapping. All structures, paths, roads, verges,

boundaries, valves, manhole/duct access covers, light

standards etc. shall be indicated.

Drawings standards and symbols used shall conform

to relevant BS Drafting Standards.

House numbering system and names of roads where

applicable shall be indicated on drawings.

All pre-existing services, wells, drains, and rights of

way shall be appropriately indicated on maps. This

shall include drains and watermains, cable ducts

open drains, culverted drains etc. Where a mapped

wayleave exists in respect of these it shall be clearly

indicated on layout maps.

Details of warning tape/detection mesh over various

piped services shall be indicated.

The Local Authority requires the Developer to prepare a comprehensive ‘taking in charge handover file’.

This file shall be commenced at the start of construction activities. The file shall include all relevant certificates

for materials and testing, Supervising Engineer’s or Architect’s certificates etc.

The following are the minimum requirements and standards for the information to be included in the taking in

charge handover file:

4.1.2 Water Services

Location of all sluice valves, scour valves, air valves,

hydrants, meters and customer Water Service Control

Units (WCSU), utilising a recognised standard

symbols (BS) shall be indicated.

All pipelines shall be shown coloured blue.

Diameter and class of each pipe shall be indicated.

Details of junctions and bypass meter layouts, shall

be indicated at a scale that will allow each fitting to

be identified. (Couplers/distance pieces/flanged

sections/meters/bends etc.)

Crown level of pipe and finished ground level shall be

indicated at each valve/hydrant. Vertical tolerance

±/10mm.

The location of all pipelines and individual services to

houses shall be indicated.

365


4.1.3 Foul Sewerage

Location of all manholes including ground and invert level to be identified on plan. Manholes shall be

numbered sequentially from connection point to existing public sewer with the prefix F before the numbers.

(See example below).

All pipelines shall be coloured red.

Full longitudinal sections of all sewers shall be provided; vertical scale 1:100 horizontal scale 1:1000. Gradient,

pipe diameter and type, bedding type, invert and ground levels at manholes, ground levels where surface

gradient changes, location of services crossing pipes and location of connections shall be indicated on the

sections.

Grade and standard of all covers and frames to be clearly indicated in appended schedule.

Location of all connections to main sewers and routing of house connections to be indicated.

4.1.4 Surface Water Drainage (additionalto requirements for Foul Sewerage above)

Manholes shall be numbered with the prefix S before

the numbers.

All pipelines shall be coloured green.

Location and routing of all house connections to

main drains to be indicated.

Location and routing of connections to road gullies

to be indicated.

Where existing open drains have been culverted or

diverted, full details of works carried out to be shown

on drawings. This includes where drains are

backfilled with stone and land drainage piping.

Where attenuation measures are incorporated in the

development, detailed as-constructed drawings and

full design calculations shall be submitted.

Appendices

4.1.5 Public Lighting, Electrical, Gas and Telecom Services etc.

All duct and cable runs shall be mapped and all chambers, branches indicated on drawings.

Depth of cover to ducts shall be indicated at a minimum of 20m intervals in the case of live electric cables or

gas piping. Offset dimension from fixed features shall be provided at similar intervals. Tolerance 0.1m.

Details of duct sizes and type shall be provided.

Where such ducts cross over water or sewer lines or are within 500mm of such lines in the horizontal plane,

this shall be clearly indicated on as constructed drawings.


The layout of all roads and footpaths, position of lighting columns, location and types of street furniture and

road markings shall be clearly indicated.

4.2 Test ResultsThe following performance tests are to be carried out

by the Developer and reports prepared for inclusion

within the ‘taking in charge handover file’.

4.2.1 Generally

Quality assurance certificates for materials or

accreditation certificates from suppliers shall be

provided (e.g. bitumen macadam, water mains).

4.2.2 Water Supply

The Developer must provide pressure test certificates

for all watermains from the Local Authority’s Water

Inspectors. Details for each test should also include

plan or layout of mains section tested, and indicate

classes of mains i.e. class C or D, length of main

tested, date of test, period of test, test pressure (i.e.

1.5 times working pressure) and results achieved.

Where a section has failed, subsequent repairs and

retests must be reported on.

Results of testing the supply to the development by

means of metering and logging for a period of 1

week shall be included in the ‘taking in charge

handover file’. Base flow must be less than

1.7L/property/hour for a minimum of 10 hours over

this period subject to the above flow level not being

exceeded each and every night for a period of not

less than 1 hour. The supply shall be simultaneously

pressure logged downstream of the flow meter and

meter isolation valve.

4.2.3 Foul Sewerage and Storm WaterDrainage

A CCTV survey carried out by WTI certified operator

at the applicants cost of the foul and storm sewers of

6” diameter and greater shall be provided. A

detailed report, presented in the same order as the

survey, shall be submitted to the Local Authority laid

out in accordance with relevant WRC specification

along with videos. The survey shall be carried out at

the taking in charge site inspection stage with a Local

Authority representative present. Survey shall be

referenced to as constructed drawings.

A full manhole survey shall be carried out and

presented in accordance with WRC specification.

4.2.4 Sewage Treatment PlantsWhere package treatment plants have been utilised

the Developer must produce all installation data and

certificates of compliance.

Maintenance agreements for the above plants must

be furnished.

Where sewage is pumped to a rising main,

certificates for the pumps must be provided.

367


4.2.5 Roads

Laboratory test certificates for materials and record of on site tests (delivery and rolling temperatures) must be

provided.

4.2.6 Public Lighting

Confirmation from the E.S.B. in writing that the Public Lighting system is compliant and adequate shall be

included within the taking in charge file.

Confirmation that all fees and connection charges have been paid to the E.S.B. up to the agreed date of

handover shall be provided.

5 Developer Inspection

5.1The Developer is advised to carry out inspections before contacting Louth County Council. Inspections should

ensure that all works to be taken in charge have, in general, been constructed in compliance with the standards

and specifications in Louth County Council’s “Guidelines for Design and Construction of Housing Estates” or the

Department of the Environment and Local Government’s “Recommendations for Site Development Works for

Housing Areas” issued in November, 1998, together with Louth County Council’s “Schedule of amendments

and additions” to the Department of the Environment and Local Government Recommendations or an

equivalent publication which was current at the time the development was carried out.

5.2Prior to a request for the development to be taken in charge the following inspections are to be carried out by

the Developer and a report prepared. Any defects or departures identified shall be repaired to a satisfactory

standard, prior to a request for an inspection by the Local Authority. Further investigations may be requested as

determined by the Local Authority.

5.2.1 Water Supply

Visually check all chambers for structural integrity

and compliance with relevant construction

guidelines.

Check all hydrants, valves and Water Service Control

Units (WCSU) for water tightness.

Visually check that all domestic connections are fitted

with WSCU or other approved control unit in

compliance with conditions issued in respect of water

connections and that they are located in footpaths at

access to property.

5.2.2 Foul Sewerage and Storm WaterDrainage

Check all chamber/manhole covers meet relevant

standards and that frames and covers located in

highly trafficked areas are heavy duty (IS EN 124).

Check no flow is observed in surface water drains

following five days of dry weather, unless specific

detail indicates that existing drain or spring has been

piped. Sewer manholes shall be inspected for

benching and installation of step irons.

Appendices


The Local Authority’s Area Engineer, where possible, should be requested to inspect the roadways pre-wearing

course stage. This inspection will not count as an additional inspection in respect of fees as set is out in

Section 7 of this document.

Check that the layout of the roads and footways comply with planning approval conditions, i.e. Road and

footway widths, sight distances at entrances and that road construction is to the depths indicated on

approved drawings (wearing, basecourse and sub-base).

Check that roadways, parking areas and footpaths have optimum gradients and falls, are free from

ponding and have adequate gullies.

Check that kerbing has been carried out in a satisfactory manner with dropped kerbs installed at entrances

and access points and disabled access at all road crossing points.

Check that publicly accessed areas are free from trip hazards (i.e. faulty kerbs, incorrectly recessed manhole

covers).

6 Site InspectionHaving satisfactorily fulfilled the aforementioned criteria the taking in charge procedure can proceed to the site

inspection stage.

The Local Authority will, on examining the details submitted and carrying out of initial on ground verification

of layouts, identify the pipelines which it proposes to take in charge.

The Local Authority’s Engineer shall notify the Developer of an impending site inspection. The Local Authority

shall carry out two inspections of an estate free of charge. For the third and subsequent inspection a fee on a

rising scale shall be levied.

Initially the Planning Section of Louth County Council will carry out an audit to confirm that all planning

conditions have been complied with and that all development charges have been paid.

The Local Authority will assess that the works have been carried out to acceptable standards.

The Local Authority may request the Developer to organise the taking of cores and/or trial holes on roadways.

The Local Authority may wish to carry out further tests on materials and workmanship, i.e. structural

performance testing of the roadway. This may, for example, include a performance test on the pavement using

deflection equipment such as the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD).

The Local Authority may request the Developer to expose the watermain at specified locations to demonstrate

the adequacy of pipe bedding, surround and cover. A similar test may be applied in respect of

stopcocks/service connections.

Dye tests may be carried out at random locations to determine if surface water is cross-connected to foul

sewers.

The Local Authority may require the Developer to install a suitably approved water metering arrangement

adjacent to the connection to the public main at his own cost.

369


7 Fees for Additional InspectionsThe Developer’s attention is drawn to the scale of fees for additional or repeat inspections.

8 Taking in Charge‘Taking in charge’ of estates is a process commencing from the start of construction activities. The onus is

clearly on the Developer to construct an estate to the highest standards.

The Developer must monitor the construction and keep accurate records of quality of materials supplied and

workmanship of contractors and sub-contractors. Materials sampling results and corresponding laboratory test

results for all areas to be taken in charge shall be entered into the ‘taking in charge file’.

The Local Authority shall not take in charge an estate that has not been fully completed. All snagging work as

highlighted by the Developer’s Clerk of Works or Architect must be completed prior to the initial Council

inspection.

The Local Authority will check the conformity with planning conditions, payment of fees, fulfilment of legal

obligations, production of certificates and drawings and the performance of the works via tests and visual

inspections.

The Local Authority shall, on inspection, issue the Developer with a list of items requiring attention. This

making good or remedial work shall be assessed on a repeat inspection.

On successful completion of the above, the taking in charge process will be completed, and the Local

Authority will confirm in writing that the estate (or identified parts thereof) have been taken in charge.

Appendices

Schedule of Louth County Councilamendments and additions to the Departmentof the Envrionment and Local Government

“Recommendations for Site DevelopmentWorks for Housing Areas” Issued in November, 1998

Water Supply

� The adequacy of air valve provision shall be

examined. All valves shall have isolator

fitted. Where air locking is encountered

the developer shall be required to install

air valves.

� Appropriate marker plates shall be provided

and securely fixed to indicate location of all

hydrants and valves. Valves shall be anti-

clockwise closing.

� Hydrants are to be fitted with screw type lugs

and square spindle tops.

� All spindles shall be fitted with square spindle

caps and the depth to spindle cap shall not

exceed 300mm below ground level in the

case of sluice valve and 200mm in the case of

a hydrant.

� All WSCU units to be fitted with insulation

pads and service connections to meet

requirements in respect of minimum cover. No

unit shall service more than one dwelling and

a number of units shall be tested as to

compliance with the above.

Storm Drainage

� Drainage works shall comply with the

Recommendations for Site Development

Works for Housing Areas issued by the

Department of the Environment and Local

Government in November, 1998 or other

approved standards.

� All attenuation structures and facilities shall

be constructed in accordance with best

practice as set out in relevant S.S., B.R.E.

Digests and S.E.P.A. Guidelines.

� The developer must ensure that access

chambers to the sewers and services are

located in publicly accessible areas.

� Connections from gullies to main drainage

lines to be via manholes or propriety saddles.

� Manholes shall be used at all changes in

direction and at maximum 100m intervals on

‘straight runs’.

� No culverting, diversion or infilling of open

drains should be carried out without prior

approval of the Local Authority.

Roads

� Only flexible pavement materials (DBM,

Asphalt Etc.) from an accredited supplier

should be used.

� Developer to achieve proper compaction of

sub-base material and foundations to

roadways.

� Adequate gullies shall be installed in road and

paved areas.

Ducting and Public Lighting

� All duct lines shall be clearly indicated on the

as-constructed drawings.

� Draw ropes shall be installed within all ‘duct

runs’.

� Cables for street lighting must connect to a

duct line via a chamber with minimum access

opening of 600mm Ø.

� Step irons to be installed in all

manholes/chambers over 750mm deep.

371

Appendices

NIN

E

APPENDIX NINE

Scenic Routes and View and Prospects

Appendices

375


�Map 6.2 Scenic Routes and Views & Prospects

Appendices

TEN

APPENDIX TEN

Tree Protection

Appendices

379


Tree Protection

Survey

� All trees with a diameter of 150 mm or more, measured at a height of 1.4 m above ground level shall

be marked down on a scaled site layout map.

� Trees shall be numbered for identification on site and correspondingly plotted on a map similar in scale

to the above.

� Trees shall be described by reference to species, spread, shape, condition, height and remedial works

necessary.

� Hedgerows shall be shown and described with reference to their condition, extent and the

predominant species contained therein.

� Following the results of the survey, proposals shall be made for the preservation of specimen trees and

compatibility of same within the overall development.

Protection

� Where trees are to be preserved on a site, it is essential that such trees be protected from damage

during construction arising from plant movement, storage of materials, ground level changes or other

site works. Fencing of robust construction shall be erected outside the maximum branch spread of the

tree or tree group.

� No excavation or other material should be stored within the enclosed area or within 5 m of any tree.

Items such as telephone cables or notices should not be attached to any tree. Vehicles should be kept

clear of the enclosed area.

� Walls or other structures should only be built at distances sufficiently far from trees and hedges that are

required to be preserved, so as to ensure the long-term vibrancy of such trees and hedgerows.

Louth Local AuthoritiesCounty Hall Millennium CentreDundalk County Louth

LOCALL 1890 202 303

E [email protected] [email protected] (as gaeilge)

louth county development plan

Documents

rural development strategy

residential development

development zones

rural development programme

development plan context

louth county development

local level

rural areas