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Louisiana Tobacco-Free

Colleges: A Student‟s

Right to Breathe Clean Air

ACHA 2011

Phoenix, AZ

Tara L. Gallien, Ph.D., CHES

Northwestern State University

Monique Elwood-Brown, B.S.

The Louisiana Campaign for Tobacco-Free Living

Linda Brown, M.Ed.

Southern University Ag Center

Everyone‟s

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ACHA Position Statement Tobacco on College and University Campuses

released SEPTEMBER 2009

9 position statements

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Discuss/describe:

1. the current need for tobacco prevention

and control initiatives targeting 8-24 year

olds.

2. the creation of a comprehensive statewide

program to address tobacco use among

18-24 year olds.

3. effective policy change on college

campuses.

4. the current status of 100% smoke-free and

tobacco-free campuses across the U.S.

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A brief review of the facts

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TOBACCO USE

is the single most preventable cause of

disease and disability in the U.S.

claims nearly a ½ million lives each year.

is responsible for 1 in 5 deaths.

Adult males and females lose an average of

13.2 and 14.5 years of life, respectively.

An estimated $193 billion, $97 billion in lost

productivity and $96 billion in direct health

care expenditures (2004).

Source: American Lung Association, Trends in Tobacco Use, 2010

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SECONDHAND SMOKE (SHS)

There is no safe level of exposure.

Exposure causes disease and

premature death in children and adults

who do not smoke.

contains more than 250 toxic or

carcinogenic chemicals.

claims an estimated 50,000 lives each

year.

Source: Surgeon General’s Report on SHS, 2006

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CIGARETTE BUTTS

are the most common form of litter

worldwide.

are made of cellulose acetate, a synthetic

fiber that can take up to 25 years to

decompose.

have chemical toxins that seep into the

ground contaminating soil and

groundwater.

are an environmental health issue.

Source: TobaccoFreeKids.org, 2011

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Learning Objective #1 – NEED

Estimates vary, but approximately 30% of 18-24

year olds are smokers (used in last 30 days).

Dramatic rise in smoking through 1990s.

Shift in marketing by BIG tobacco.

Bars are one of few public places where smoking is

not restricted by law.

Drinking behavior and tobacco use/college culture

“I only smoke when I party” – nicotine delivery

Smoke-free employers

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Learning Objective #2 – COMPREHESIVE STATEWIDE PROGRAM

1993- LA Legislature passes LA Clean Indoor Air Act

1998- The multi-state Master Settlement Agreement signed

2000- LA Legislature increases excise tax by $0.04

2003- The Louisiana Public Health Institute is awarded a three year grant to create a comprehensive tobacco control program

2003- The LA Campaign for Tobacco-Free Living (TFL) is created (via excise tax)

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envisions a healthier Louisiana

through 100% tobacco-free living.

Mission - to implement and

evaluate comprehensive tobacco

control initiatives that prevent and

reduce tobacco use and exposure

to secondhand smoke.

The Louisiana Campaign for

Tobacco-Free Living (TFL)

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TFL Goals

1. To prevent initiation of tobacco use among

young people

2. To eliminate nonsmokers’ exposure to

secondhand smoke

3. To promote quitting tobacco among adults

and young people

4. To identify and eliminate tobacco-related

health disparities

5. To facilitate effective coordination of all

tobacco prevention and control initiatives

throughout Louisiana

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TFL’s Community and Statewide

Interventions

• Community Advocacy Grants

• Communities of Color Network

• Regional Coordinators

• Regional Coalitions

• Defy Youth Initiative

• Tobacco-Free College Initiative (LTFCI)

• State and Local Policy and Advocacy Tobacco Prevention and Control

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LTFCI

engages students, faculty and staff at Louisiana universities in an effort to make campuses 100% tobacco-free.

supports colleges/universities that are actively involved in policy change.

is active on 12 campuses across the state; 11 four-year institutions and 1 technical college.

LTFCI’s

student-led

campaign

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Required Activities 1 - 4

1. Membership in the Louisiana Tobacco-Free College Initiative (LTFCI)

2. Engage 18-24 year olds enrolled in LA institutions of higher education tobacco prevention and control advocacy (Fresh Campus) 3. Recruitment and participation in the Fresh Campus Student Leadership Series

4. Support the Statewide Tobacco Prevention and Control Movement

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Tobacco Industry Monitoring

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Optional Activities

Participate in professional

development related to tobacco

prevention and control

Serve as facilitator to the tobacco

subcommittee meetings

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Monitoring and Evaluation

Submit quarterly reports that detail

compliance with the required and

optional activities.

Reports submitted online

Evaluations are also conducted for all

trainings and meetings

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Learning Objective #3 –

EFFECTIVE POLICY CHANGE

Before you begin…

Determine the climate on your

campus about tobacco/smoke-

free policies.

Create a taskforce.

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Awareness

Policy

Implementation/Enforcement

Step-by-step

Plan

Step-by-step

Plan

Step-by-

step Plan

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

A Proposed Approach

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Learning Objective #4 – STATUS

• Current trend

• American Non-Smokers’ Rights Foundation

• American Lung Association

• BACCHUS award for college campuses

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Questions?

100% Smoke-Free/Tobacco-Free Campuses

ANRF, 2005 - 2011 BACK

Past Month Cigarette Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Age: 2009

SAMHSA, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 Back

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PHASE I – Awareness (Step-by-step Plan)

Step 1: Assessment (collect data)* • Assess attitudes, perceptions, knowledge of tobacco use, SHS

exposure, litter, and policy • Obtain/collect data on tobacco use, SHS exposure, and litter • Identify key informants/leaders

Step 2: Planning • Establish goals/objectives • Create timeline • Recruit people to help • How will you handle cessation? • Develop strategies

Step 3: Implementation • Complete tasks set in Step 2 • Evaluate along the way (process evaluation)

Step 4: Evaluation (identify changes) • Evaluate changes in attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge

BACK

*If you determine your campus is ready for a policy, then you may decide to go directly to PHASE II or combine PHASES I & II.

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*If you determine your campus is ready for a policy, then you may decide to go directly to PHASE II or combine PHASES I & II.

BACK

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Strategies

Develop a comprehensive campaign:

to educate about tobacco use/non-use, SHS

exposure, cessation, tobacco industry marketing

tactics, environmental impact, smoke-free

employers, smoke-free versus tobacco-free,

laboratory schools, etc.

to generate campus support (via petitions, forums,

social networking, etc.)

to encourage strong supporters to join

with talking points and consistent messaging

BACK

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PHASE II – Policy Development (Step-by-step Plan)

Step 1: Assessment (rather than “knee jerk approach”) • How does policy get passed on your campus (channels)? Who are the

decision-makers? • What is your campus culture? • Who can help pass policy? • Assess attitudes, perceptions, knowledge about tobacco policy and SHS

exposure, if needed.

Step 2: Develop the policy proposal and policy plan • Type of policy? • How to enforce? • Timeline (when will policy be implemented?) • Talking points (rationale) • Recruit people who can help (in addition to Taskforce)

Step 3: Pass the policy • Have everyone on board, if possible. • Be prepared for opposition/push-back • Educate entire community about new policy (strategies may vary

depending on when policy goes into effect) • Provide cessation information and/or services • GET READY FOR IMPLEMENTATION!

BACK

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Types of Enforcement

Self-enforcement

Police (warnings? fines?)

Student Affairs (students’ Code of Conduct)/Human Resources (faculty/staff)

Other? Or Combination

BACK

Establish a complaint procedure

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PHASE III – Implementation/Enforcement

(Step-by-step Plan)

Step 1: Signage

• Determine locations

• Frame messages in positive way

Step 2: Education

• Must have a well-planned communication campaign

• Strategies for informing about policy and enforcement

Step 3: Enforcement (MOST CHALLENGING)

• Must follow through with what is written in the policy; otherwise

you might be taking steps backward

Step 4: Evaluation

• Effectiveness of enforcement (compliance)

• Changes in use, SHS exposure, and littering

BACK

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Strategies

• Focus on positive interventions.

• Develop a communication plan that involves key

administrators, faculty, staff, student leaders, and the

community.

• Include policy in student handbooks, in vendor

contracts, and on the college Web site.

• Remove all ashtrays and butt receptacles (but be

prepared for consequences).

• Create policy reminder cards with contact info

• Promote the campus as tobacco-free in college

marketing materials.

• Include in your communications and on policy cards

smoking cessation resources. Source: TobaccoFree Oregon, A

Guide for College Leaders, 2008

BACK

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Types of Campus Policies

Footage Policy

Designated Smoking Areas

100% Smoke-free Policy

100% Tobacco-free Policy

BACK

Need to have a

conversation about

smoke-free versus

tobacco-free

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Baillie, Callaghan, & Smith. (2011).

Findings:

• Student behaviors can be directly influenced by their

perceived inconsistencies of enforcement. “I think people follow the rules in the beginning, but once

they find out that other people are getting away with it, it

gets pretty hard. They kind of pay less attention to the

rules because there is little consequence to what they are

doing.” (female student, smoker)

• Students are influenced instead by what they see, hear,

and experience on campus and are aware of the gap

between what is said and what is done. “In the winter time people who smoke, smoke right in front

of the door next to the sign that says „No Smoking Here,‟

and the security people just sit there and watch them and

don‟t do anything. (male student, non-smoker)

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Erroneous assumptions by administration that

1) smoking students will comply with the

directives of peer enforcers and 2) that

nonsmoking students will refuse to tolerate

smokers and secondhand smoke on campus.

“It‟s a bad job going around telling people.

People are really offended when you try to tell

them (they can‟t smoke there). It‟s like, „I‟m

outside, I‟m away from a door, what‟s the

issue?‟ And it‟s like, „Well, actually you have to

move across the street‟ and it‟s like „screw

you.‟ (male student, nonsmoker)

“He‟s smoking and you‟re walking through it.

But you don‟t know that person, he‟s not

going to apologize to you and you‟re not going

to give him a hard time. It‟s like, „Whatever.‟

(male student, nonsmoker)

BACK

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Resources Sawdey, Lindsay, & Novotny. (2011). Smoke-free college campuses: No ifs, ands or toxic butts. Tobacco Control. Doi: 10.1136/tc.2010.040139

Baillie, Callaghan, & Smith. (2011). Canadian campus smoking policies: Investigating the gap between intent and outcome from a student perspective. Journal of American College Health. Vol. 59, No. 4, pages 260-265.

Smokefree Oregon - www.tobaccofreecollege.org

Ozarks Technical Community College - http://www.otc.edu/tobaccofree/centerofexcellence.php

The American Lung Association

Tobacco Technical Assistance Consortium form Emory University

The American Cancer Society (manual for going smoke-free)

The Tobacco Technical Assistance Consortium (TTAC)

National Center for Tobacco Policy – www.tobaccofreenow.org

www.tobaccofreeu.org

California Youth Advocacy Network (CYAN) – www.cyanonline.org

American Legacy Foundation: www.legacyforhealth.org

Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights: www.no-smoke.org

Attack: www.attacktobacco.org

Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids: www.tobaccofreekids.org

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: www.cdc.gov/tobacco