Louis Pasteur:

Taking the World to Greener Pastures

Sohee Ahn, Soomin Chun

Senior Division

Group Website

Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

"A Life of Pasteur: The Manner of Man He Was, and the Results He Accomplished." New

York Times 22 Feb. 1902: n. pag. Print.

This news article by the New York Times was a more detailed summary of Louis

Pasteur’s life than most of the other articles that we read about him. Unlike the

books that we read or the information that we saw in encyclopedias, newspaper

sources allow us to dive into the world of Pasteur. His immediate legacy was greatly

acknowledged in this article, and we believe that reading newspapers of the time

enabled us to see the impact that he had during his era. It was a credible source

since it was from the New York Times, a credible and trusted newspaper that still

stands today as an epitome of good journalism, and it is a primary source since it

was an article published at that time.

A portrait of young Louis Pasteur. Digital image. Louis Pasteur. USF.edu, n.d. Web. 26 Jan.

2015. <http://myweb.usf.edu/~spottack/Early%20life.htm>.

This is a photograph of Louis Pasteur when he was young. It depicts him sitting in a

chair wearing a suit. We used this picture along with information about Pasteur’s

childhood as a visual along with his highschool years. This picture is fairly credible

as it comes from a website dedicated to Louis Pasteur and his life. However, we are

not completely sure it is a credible source since it is not a .org website or an official

collection of Louis Pasteur photographs. Since we have seen similar photographs in

many different websites about Pasteur, we decided this picture was credible as a

primary source of a drawing of Louis Pasteur at a young age.

"Funeral of Pasteur: Last Rites Observed in Cathedral of Notre Dame."Boston Evening

Transcript 5 Oct. 1895: n. pag. Print.

This newspaper article is from the Boston Evening Transcript and is about the

grand funeral procession in honor of Louis Pasteur. We actually learned from the

CEO of Pasteur Institute Korea that Pasteur’s funeral was akin to that of a very

important statesman of France, and since Pasteur was such an inspiring and

influential leader and representation of France’s scientific field, he was given the

great honor of having his funeral procession in front of the Notre Dame Cathedral.

We think that it is always interesting to look at a piece of writing from the time of

Louis Pasteur’s death, because it’s fascinating to see just how influential his life was

to the world. We put this article directly on our website. This source is credible

because it is was published in a newspaper, and it is a primary source from the year

of Pasteur’s death.

Huxley, Thomas H. "Letter from Thomas H. Huxley to the Lord Mayor." Letter to Lord

Mayor. 25 June 1889. MS. Switzerland, Monte Generaso.

This letter by Thomas H. Huxley was addressed to the Lord Mayor in 1889,

containing content on Huxley’s opinions about Pasteur’s legacy. He wrote that Louis

Pasteur’s discoveries had “yielded rich harvest of new truths” and that he believes

that more and more people should support and fund the Pasteur Institute. The mark

of a true leader is one that spreads passion and joy for his field, and Pasteur’s impact

on the community of future chemists and biologists can be seen in Huxley’s letter.

The chief executive of the Korean Pasteur Institute told us that Pasteur had a

countless number of followers willing to go anywhere and spread his legacy, and

this is an example of how Pasteur impacted people by giving them passion about his

work. This source is credible because Thomas Huxley was a well known British

biologist and evolutionist, and it is primary as it was written at the time.

"Louis Pasteur: A Religious Man?" Louis Pasteur: A Religious Man? Pasteur Brewing, n.d.

Web. 26 Jan. 2015.

<http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/Articles/life-of-pasteur/louis-pasteur-a-religiou

s-man.html>.

This page contains a photograph of Louis Pasteur in his middle to old age, smiling

slightly and looking off to the side. We used this picture as a portrait picture of

Pasteur in one of the ending pages of our website. It is credible since it is from a

website that we know and trust, after seeing that it is dedicated entirely to Pasteur

and his works, and it is a primary source because it is an image actually taken at the

time.

Louis Pasteur, Investigation Into the Role Attributed to Atmospheric Oxygen Gas in the

Destruction of Animal and Vegetable Substances After Death (n.d.)

This paper that Louis Pasteur wrote contained a lot of information and a few

diagrams on pasteurization, and the development of research that led to the

discovery. The role of oxygen proved to be an extremely important discovery in

leading to the future discoveries of Louis Pasteur, because it shows how living

things like bacteria were able to grow in the presence of oxygen, eventually leading

to his swan-neck flask experiment where he had sterile air in the flask and oxygen

was not allowed to travel in. Since it was a paper written by Pasteur himself, it is no

doubt credible when writing about Pasteur’s research and discoveries. It helped us

understand his thought process.

Louis Pasteur, On the Extension of the Germ Theory to the Etiology of Certain Common

Diseases (1880).

This research paper was also used for our understanding of the relationship

between the germ theory and Pasteur’s vaccinations. Although it was very easy for

us to understand each stage of his life separately, it was a bit difficult for us to

connect his discoveries together. This paper helped us understand how the germ

theory led to Pasteur’s interest in vaccinations, and also was the great discovery of

the time because Pasteur had found how diseases travel, disproved spontaneous

generation, and from this new knowledge found several ways to stop disease. It is

definitely a credible primary source because it was written by Pasteur himself, so

proves an invaluable source for information on Pasteur and our website.

Louis Pasteur, Pasteur’s Communications on Rabies: No. 3 (1882)

This paper was a series of six that Louis Pasteur wrote about his rabies vaccination.

The paper taught us a lot about the process in which Pasteur discovered the vaccine.

We also used a lot of the information here to learn about his lasting legacy, as well as

his personality. This source was also of course a primary source since it was written

by Pasteur at the time, and it was extremely helpful in being able to look at Pasteur’s

research through his eyes, standing in his shoes.

Louis Pasteur, Studies on Fermentation (n.d.)

This paper was another one that we used for our “Fermentation” page. Since Pasteur

carefully documented every single thing he researched and discovered, we were

able to easily gain knowledge on the specifics of his research. This is another reason

why Pasteur was truly such a revolutionary scientists; not only did he make great

discoveries, he also documented them to share with the rest of the world. Like all of

his other papers, this is a credible and useful primary source. Pasteur’s papers were

always a source we could always go back to and depend on, take quotes from, and

also put excerpts of on the website to help the viewer get a better understanding.

Louis Pasteur, The Asymmetry of Naturally Occurring Organic Compounds (1860)

We used this lecture that Louis Pasteur himself gave on his discoveries in the field of

crystallography, his first field of research that fostered his interest in microbiology

and living things at the molecular level. His experiment with tartaric and racemic

acid was his first major accomplishment, and we used his words as a primary source

for the information that we used in our website to give more credibility to our

information and support the arguments we make. This lecture is a credible, primary

source because it was a speech given at the time.

"M. Pasteur in the Rum D'Ulm." The West Australian 26 Mar. 1886: n. pag. Print.

This is another newspaper article written in honor of the burial of Louis Pasteur. It

showed us how deep of an impact Pasteur had really left in the lives of the French

people. The streets were overflowing with people on the day of Pasteur’s funeral

procession, and this shows how much help he has really done for the people. Even

the poor know they can trust Pasteur and his institute for public health, and this

article goes through the discoveries and research of Pasteur and tells the story of his

entire life, ending by saying Pasteur has spent a life doing good. It is a primary

source as it is an article published in a newspaper at that time period, and it is

credible in looking at the people’s perspective of who Louis Pasteur was; Pasteur as

a man of the people.

"Obsequies of Louis Pasteur." New York Times 2 Oct. 1895: n. pag. Print.

This was another obituary published celebrating the life of Pasteur. It is shorter than

some of the other obituaries, but the tone is still extremely reverent and thankful

towards Pasteur, showing us that Pasteur was highly respected and people felt a lot

of gratitude for him and his discoveries since he saved so many lives. This source is

a primary source, from the era, and it is from a credible newspaper source as

well--the New York Times, which still stands today. Pasteur’s death was even

making news in American newspapers, showing the extent of his impact.

"Pasteur - The History of a Mind, a Perspective." Pasteur. Minst.org, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2015.

<http://minst.org/pasteur_history_of_a_mind.htm>.

This website was an interesting one, written by someone with a doctorate and a

entry in the Mednansky Institute, a .org site proving it is credible as an online

library. This page was entirely about “Pasteur- The History of a Mind”, which was

written by Emile Duclaux, a late member of the first Pasteur Institute. It contains

many diagrams on his work, such as a diagram of yeast drawn by Emile Duclaux

himself, as well as primary source photographs of Pasteur with his children,

conducting research, and more. This source was unique in that it was about a book

that a really close colleague of Pasteur wrote, so we got yet another intimate view of

who Pasteur was as a person.

"Pasteur Dans Son Laboratoire." Histoire Versailles. Histoire, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2015. A

painting of Pasteur working hard in his laboratory.

We used this painting of Pasteur working hard in his laboratory as our title image

because we felt it summarized nicely in one painting who Pasteur is as a person. He

is shown frowning slightly at a bottle he is holding from his experiment, and this

shows how he was really concerned for the people and made vaccines and set up his

institute to achieve his dream of global public health, especially helping out poor

countries. This painting is a primary source from a collection of historic French

paintings and images.

Pasteur, Louis. 1885. TS 6, Pasteur's Communications on Rabies. N.p.

Pasteur’s Communications on Rabies was a speech that Pasteur wrote about his

revolutionary vaccine that was presented to the French Academy of Sciences on

October 26, 1885.. We personally felt that his contribution towards eliminating the

disastrous effects of the rabies virus was one of his most significant. Since rabies is

such an extreme and bizarre disease, we wanted to learn more about it and through

this speech we hoped the gain a better understanding. We read this report to

understand and try to think in his shoes about the work and experiments that he

conducted. We also gained information on Joseph Meister through this report, who

was also a very significant figure in Pasteur’s work as the first human to be tested on

for the rabies virus. This source is credible because it is firsthand spoken by Pasteur,

and proved an extremely credible and valuable one to learn more about Pasteur.

Pasteur, Louis. 1885. TS 2, Pasteur's Communications on Rabies. N.p.

This is the second volume of the collection of Pasteur’s Communications on Rabies,

performed to the French Academy of Sciences on May 30, 1885. In this report,

Pasteur details the horrifying effects of the rabies virus on the human brain. He

announced the successful results of his rabies vaccine to the Academy. We used his

writing to learn background information about the technology at the time and the

rabies virus. This series of Pasteur’s Communications proved very useful in learning

about the mindset of the time as well as how Pasteur managed to research in spite

of some disapproving views, who thought Pasteur was a crazy man researching

something that did not exist. It is written by Pasteur so it is credible and a primary

source.

Pasteur, Louis. "Germ Theory And Its Applications to Medicine And Surgery." French

Academy of Sciences. France. 19 Feb. 2015. Speech.

Louis Pasteur’s speech on the germ theory was addressed to the French Academy of

Sciences on April 29th, 1878. His speech contains information on the newly

discovered germ theory and the ways in which it can be applied to performing

better surgeries and improving the field of medicine. We used quotes from his

speech for our website, and we also used the primary information to get a better

understanding of the research that Pasteur conducted. Pasteur’s speech and his

findings revolutionized hygiene in hospitals and surgery rooms. This is a credible

source because it is composed of Pasteur’s own words and writing--it is his actual

speech given.

Pasteur, Louis. "On the Extensions of the Germ Theory to the Etiology of Certain Common

Diseases." French Academy of Sciences. France. 25 Jan. 2015. Reading.

This research paper by Louis Pasteur helped us understand the connection and

relationship between Pasteur’s research on the germ theory and the way he

implemented it to revolutionize the practice of vaccines. This is a very detailed

report that was presented to the French Academy of Sciences, and it describes the

observations that Pasteur made for each ailment that he studied. We used some of

the findings that he discusses in this report for our website. The meticulous writing

of this report also allowed us to see how passionate and dedicated he was towards

his work, and like all of his other papers, it is credible, primary, and was very useful

in understanding the processes Pasteur went through.

Pasteur, Louis. "Open Letter to Robert Koch." Letter to Robert Koch. 25 Dec. 1882. MS.

France, n.p.

Unlike most of the primary sources that we used, this primary source was not a

report, but a letter. It contains a conversation between Pasteur and his another

scientist at that time, Robert Koch, who discovered the germ that caused the anthrax

disease but did not know the microbe was the actual cause of the disease. We

included this letter to show Pasteur’s studious personality and the polite

professional relationship he had with his peers, not only his work. In this letter,

Pasteur refutes Koch’s attacks on his works, focusing mainly on the truth and

significance of his Germ Theory and how diseases were airborne, causing his works

to be important. Since this is something Pasteur hand wrote, it is definitely a

credible primary source, and we included the full letter in our website when

discussing immunology.

Pasteur, Louis. Reflections on My Life. N.d. Personal Report.

This piece of writing was crucial when we started writing our concluding

statements about Louis Pasteur. This report sounded more like a diary entry than an

official research paper, and it was very interesting for us to read about Louis

Pasteur’s reflections and thoughts on his own achievements. While we had read

countless papers detailing his research and work, we never got to hear Pasteur’s

emotional say on his life. His humble and modest personality is shown throughout

the piece. We linked the entire paper on our website because we thought it was one

of the most telling and informative works by Pasteur; the side of Pasteur as a human

being, not a dedicated scientist who knew nothing but his work. His legacy is clearly

reflected in the words that he wrote. It is definitely a primary source, and credible in

learning Pasteur’s thoughts.

Pasteur, Louis. Studies on Fermentation. Rep. Paris: n.p., 1876. Pasteur Brewing, 25 Aug.

2009. Web. 7 Feb. 2015.

Louis Pasteur wrote this report about his research on fermentation. He summarized

the the procedure that he followed to study the process of fermentation. Although

this report wasn’t as detailed as the others that we read, it did give a clearer and

more concise image of Pasteur’s works. Every time we read another work of his, it

made Pasteur seem even more inspiring than before. We learned about how his

inspiration stemmed from the passion and love of his work.

Pasteur, Louis. "The Asymmetry of Naturally Occurring Organic Compounds." Chemical

Society of Paris. France, Paris. 24 Apr. 2015. Lecture.

Louis Pasteur addressed his lecture on crystallography and stereochemistry to the

Chemical Society of Paris on January 20th and February 3rd in 1860. In this lecture,

Pasteur describes his findings from his observations on tartaric and racemic acid

crystals. We used direct quotes from this lecture and chunks of text on our website

to show Pasteur’s exact words. The founding of the field of stereochemistry was

Pasteur’s first major achievement, and was the basis of many following discoveries

that he would make. Lectures are definitely primary sources as they are given at the

time.

Pasteur, Louis. The Attenuation of the Casual Agent of Fowl Cholera. Working paper. N.p.:

n.p., 1880. Pasteur Brewing. Brendon Barnett. Web. 12 May 2015.

Louis Pasteur wrote this report on chicken cholera. He detailed the conclusions that

he made after he conducted his research and he wrote about the process of his

experiments. We used an actual page of his conclusions in our website to illustrate

the amount of effort and dedication that Pasteur put into his works to create the

first en masse vaccines. This was another report that we used to gain a clearer

image of Pasteur as a person, and we took many of his works into account when we

were writing the concluding statements of our website. This report is credible since

it is written by Pasteur himself, and we wanted to have the audience follow along

with Pasteur’s thought process.

Retrato De Jeanne-Etiennette Pasteur. Digital image. La Vida De Pasteur.

Librosmaravillosos, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2015.

<http://www.librosmaravillosos.com/lavidadepasteur/capitulo01.html>.

We used this painting of Louis Pasteur's mother, painted by Pasteur himself, when

describing his artistic talents as a child under the "Interest in Art" tab. This painting

proved to be important because it proved that Pasteur really did have an interest in

art, supporting our information, and also showing the extent of Pasteur’s talents.

Although you can describe someone’s talents, in the case of art, having a visual like

this is extremely helpful. This is a credible source because it is from a digital library,

and it is primary since Pasteur painted it himself at a young age.

Woodhead, German Sims. "Louis Pasteur: A Biography in the Journal of Pathology and

Bacteriology." Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology(1896): n. pag. Pasteur

Brewing. Web. 10 Feb. 2015.

This journal article by German Sims Woodhead is a basic biography of Louis

Pasteur’s life. Originally published in the Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology,

Woodhead describes the impact of Pasteur’s experiments and the main events in his

life. We used this resource as a guide when we were first creating our website. We

were unsure of which areas to focus on and how to separate the information into

organized pages, but the step-by-step, chronological sequence of this article allowed

us to quickly skim through the main discoveries that Pasteur made. This source is

credible because it was published just a year after Pasteur’s death, in a famous and

recognized medical journal.

Secondary Sources

Barnett, Brendon. "Experiments." Experiments. Brendon Barnett, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2015.

<http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/The-Life-and-Work-of-Louis-Pasteur/experime

nts.html>.

The Pasteur Brewing website that is solely dedicated to Louis Pasteur and his works

had a tab for experiments that Louis Pasteur conducted. Although Pasteur’s own

research papers provided the most credible and detailed information, these sources

at Pasteur Brewing proved also to be useful because they went through and

explained and analyzed the processes that Pasteur had conducted. Also, while the

papers Pasteur wrote were kind of hard to read because they are written in old

French and translated into old English, we could easily process the information on

these pages. This site helped us better understand Pasteur’s swan neck flask

experiment, spontaneous generation, and brewing beer. We believe this source is

credible because it is from a site with so many article about Pasteur that seem to be

the result of a lot of careful research over time. This website also contains many

pictures, videos, papers, and speeches showing how it can be trusted because it uses

many sources in its information.

Barnett, Brendon. "Louis Pasteur Biography and Timeline." Pasteur Brewing. Brendon

Barnett, 21 Dec. 2010. Web. 26 Jan. 2015.

<http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/biography.html>.

This page on the site Pasteur Brewing was the perfect balance between too much

and too little detail. It listed all of his discoveries and gave a two paragraph

explanation of it, touching on the science portion a bit but not going deep into the

chemistry. Because it was so conveniently divided into categories and the perfect

reading level for us, it inspired a lot of the writing on our website and also how we

organized our website. The timeline on this page was also extremely useful and

inspirational in the timeline we made of Louis Pasteur’s life ourselves. Because this

entire website “Pasteur Brewing” was dedicated to Pasteur, we found many articles

useful and descriptive enough to be able to use for information on our website. The

page even linked to other biographies of Pasteur at the bottom, helping us to further

our research. This page is also credible because the website shows an in-depth

knowledge of Pasteur and a collection of his works, showing it is trustable.

Bellis, Mary. "History of Antibiotics." About.com Inventors. About.com, n.d. Web. 26 Jan.

2015. <http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/Penicillin_2.htm>.

This site, “About.com”, was used for the most basic information to help us

understand better, for background context information. In this case, where we

looked at the “history of antibiotics” as well as a list of the history of medical

discoveries, the site was useful in our “Medical Progress of the Era” page because it

broke down history in simple language for everyone to understand. While we had

much more credible sources like Encyclopedias, they were very hard to understand

too much, and it gave too much information on one topic, so this simplified history

of the medical discoveries proved useful in getting our thoughts organized and

served an appropriate purpose in creating a timeline. Although this source may not

be very credible, it was still useful for us in helping us to understand and be able to

conduct research off the information we saw here.

Bellis, Mary. "Louis Pasteur." About.com Inventors. About.com, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2015.

<http://inventors.about.com/od/weirdmuseums/ig/The-History-of-Medicine-/Lou

is-Pasteur.htm>.

The author of this page, Mary Bellis, also was the author of another page we used

that was on medical inventions over the ages. We figured the author of this page

does a lot of writing on researchers of this area of study, and we found her title is

“Inventor Expert”. We realize that is not actually her job or title, but we felt it at gave

her a bit more credibility because she wrote many similar articles. This page did not

have a lot of information, but still proved useful because we used the images in the

pages of Pasteur’s research, and we tried to mimic the writing style to be brief so

that we could convey a lot of information without actually saying a lot.

Bellis, Mary. "Louis Pasteur - Germ Theory of Disease." About.com Inventors. About.com,

n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.

<http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventors/a/Louis_Pasteur.htm>.

We used about.com inventors to get a short biography on Louis Pasteur. The

information was extremely brief, but when we used this source to first help choose

our topic of Louis Pasteur. We were originally going to do Edward Jenner, but

decided to do Louis Pasteur, and we read pages like this of a short biography of

Pasteur to make the decision. Whereas we had other encyclopedia sources with

pages and pages of information, this short biography helped us to organize the loads

of information we had into a timeline of his life. We know that about.com is not a

completely credible source, because it is used for entertainment too, so we made

sure to double check all information given in this website. However, since this

information was so basic, we in fact branched out from the information given on this

page and were able to find specific articles.

Birch, Beverley. Louis Pasteur: The Scientist Who Discovered the Cause of Infectious

Disease and Invented Pasteurization. Milwaukee: G. Stevens, 1989. Print.

This was a wonderfully informative book that described all of the sections of our

research. We continuously referenced back to this book while we made our website.

Since the book was specifically about Pasteur, everything related back to him and

was either useful to add to our website or to just help us understand. This book was

especially helpful because it included many quotes from Pasteur as well as his

coworkers, as well as little text boxes off to the side that included insightful

comments and additional information that we could not find in other books. As a

print source, we liked to use this source much more than online sources because it

was dependable and was a collection of all quotes, information, and pictures. This

book also had the most details out of all the print sources we had, and was

extremely credible because it got its information from a variety of sources.

Campbell-Platt, Geoffrey. "Fermentation." Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. 2003.

Encyclopedia.com. 18 May. 2015 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

This Encyclopedia was a collection for both topics and related entries from other

reliable sources, like from other magazines and newspapers. This Encyclopedia had

entries on searches like “fermentation” and “pasteurization” with a lot of

information, from the definition to how the fermented foods are used and the types

of yeast used in the fermentation. The encyclopedia gave very detailed information,

and a lot of it, so we used this encyclopedia to find various articles we could use for

background information. Since we did not learn chemistry in school yet, we used

this Encyclopedia to understand alcoholic fermentation better and for more base

information. This encyclopedia was credible as it is from the HighBeam Research

Incorporation, which is a company that focuses just on helping people find sources

that are directly related to their search and credible as well. Also, since the

Encyclopedia is a mix of sources, the information is more credible since it is double

checked by a variety of sources.

Gogerly, Liz. Louis Pasteur. Austin, TX: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 2002. Print.

This book was very well-organized, so it was easy to categorize all the information

into the tabs that we put for our website. That helped searching for information very

easy--whereas online sources gave a whole bunch of information that wasn’t

necessarily what we were looking for, this book was very easy to navigate and find

what we wanted to learn more about. This book had many great quotes from not

only Louis Pasteur, but his peers as well. Learning what his peers thought of him

helped us know Pasteur more as a person, not just a researcher who made

discoveries. The information in this book was credible and easy to understand, so

we used this book a lot in our research. We also used this book as inspiration for

some of the photos that we used. As a print source from our school library, we were

also able to be more dependent on it, as we were sure it was a credible source

written after lots of research.

Holme, Thomas A.. "Pasteur, Louis." Chemistry: Foundations and Applications. 2004.

Encyclopedia.com. 26 Jan. 2015 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

This was another encyclopedia.com article, and it provided information on the

molecular chemistry behind the works of Pasteur’s discoveries since it was from an

encyclopedia called “Chemistry: Foundations and Applications.” From this source,

we not only learned the details of the scientific processes behind his research, but

we also learned how much of an impact Louis Pasteur had on chemistry. Usually

when you think of Pasteur, you think of him as maybe a doctor, as he created

vaccines, or a biologist because he studied diseases of animals, but not so much a

chemist. However, in all of his experiments, although he did not really know much

about it, there was molecular chemistry going on, and this source explained all of it.

We used this information mainly on our “Crystallography” page that dealt with the

molecular structures of living and non-living things. This source is definitely

credible as it is from Encyclopedia.com, which is a collection of articles and

encyclopedias from verified sources. Since it is information from a variety of

sources, it is double and triple checked and is trustable.

"Institut Pasteur." Institut Pasteur. The Pasteur Institute, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2015.

<http://www.pasteur.fr/en>.

This is the official page of the Pasteur Institute, and included lots of scientific

information, including what the institution was up to these days as well as what

kind of work Pasteur had done before, and the mission of the institution. This site

was extremely important to us because we wanted to learn more about Pasteur’s

Institute and how it carried on his legacy today. We found through this source that

Pasteur had set up institutes all around the world to continue research on things

that you cannot see with your bare eyes that he first started. After looking at this

website, we realized Pasteur’s impact is visible everywhere, because although we

did not know it before, the Pasteur Institute is a big organization that partners with

many NGO’s to help developing countries. This website is where we learned there is

a Pasteur’s Institute in Korea and attempted to contact them. We used this website

as a valuable resource in getting information about the Pasteur Institute since it is

the most credible in knowing what kind of work it will do.

"Institut Pasteur Korea." Institut Pasteur Korea. Institut Pasteur, n.d. Web. 18 May 2015.

<http://www.ip-korea.org/>.

This is the website for Institute Pasteur Korea, specific to the work the Korea branch

does. This was an extremely important site to us, because this was where we found

the phone number of a worker at this institute, was able to contact them and explain

our situation, and get invited to an interview with the chief executive because he

had looked through our website and was impressed with the work we had done. We

were able to hear in person about the work Institute Pasteur Korea has done, and

even look through the laboratories, but this website was what got us there. The

website also had some information about the legacy of Pasteur, and we think this

website is extremely credible about Pasteur because it is a branch of the Institute

Pasteur that Pasteur himself created, so they would know the best about Pasteur's

works.

"La Galaxie Des Pasteur." La Galaxie Des Pasteur. Association Des Familles Pasteur, n.d.

Web. 26 Jan. 2015. <http://php.pasteur.net/modules.php?name=Stories_Archive>.

This whole website was a product of the family members of Pasteur, who created

this site to connect with one another and collect articles and primary sources

related to Louis Pasteur. This site was extremely useful in collecting primary

sources such as photographs as well as information about Pasteur’s family, since it

was all about the Pasteur family tree. We used this information under the the

background information of Pasteur and his childhood. We believe this source is

credible in the type of information it gives, information about his family, because it

is allegedly an association of the family members of Pasteur. The objective of the

website says that it is to “bring together all those who bear the Pasteur patronymic

so as to encourage the promotion, development, and popularization of the history

and the genealogy of the Pasteur families throughout the world,” so we trust the

website would have some primary sources and information unavailable in normal

biographies.

"Louis Pasteur." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2015.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur>.

Although everyone knows that wikipedia is not a credible source, we learned in

history class that Wikipedia was useful for background information, as well as a hub

for other sources that had credible information on the topic listed in footnotes at the

bottom of the article. We used wikipedia in the very beginning of our research, to

help foster an interest in this topic and also get a general idea of our topic.

Wikipedia was also useful for background knowledge because it has the correct

basic outline, just not necessarily all of the details. Wikipedia helped us understand

the whole picture before we started building our website.

"Louis Pasteur Biography and Timeline." Louis Pasteur. Pasteur Brewing, n.d. Web. 26 Jan.

2015. <http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/>.

This website is credible because there were either works directly written by Louis

Pasteur, or articles describing the works of Louis Pasteur that were backed up with

plenty of information. This website proved to be one of the most valuable websites

we found during the course of our research, because it had a gallery of primary

sources of different pictures related to Louis Pasteur, like his discoveries, family,

comics, bills, writing, and so on. There were also articles on his works, and a

timeline as well. This website was well constructed with easy to reach, well

organized, high quality information and was extremely helpful in obtaining

information, especially primary sources, for many of the pages on our website.

Morris, Melissa C.. "Pasteur, Louis." Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z. 2004.

Encyclopedia.com. (January 26, 2015).

http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3436200215.html.

The page on “nutrition and well-being” on encyclopedia.com about Louis Pasteur

had information on the biological illnesses that Pasteur was able to find vaccines

and cures for. Like other encyclopedia.com articles, the information was extremely

in-depth and of good quality, since it was from a variety of sources and checked by

encyclopedia.com. We looked at this page when we were curious about looking

deeper into what illnesses he found vaccines for; what the symptoms were; how he

went through the process to develop the vaccine, and so on. Whenever we had

questions that did not come easily from regular internet searches, we looked at this

source because we knew it was pretty credible and extremely detailed.

"Pasteur, Louis." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 18

May. 2015 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

This was an article from the Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, an

Encyclopedia inside the website Encyclopedia.com, which is like a huge collection of

resources from a variety of resources that lets you search and immediately find

articles and topics that are related from credible sources. This particular article

from Encylopedia.com was extremely, extremely long, containing enough

information to be in a short book, but was very helpful in researching Louis

Pasteur’s life and works. Many other secondary sources we used gave a biography of

Louis Pasteur’s work in a page or less, but this source took care and spent around a

page explaining something that other sources simplified in a sentence. We

referenced back to this source a lot to double check facts and plan how to map out

our website because it listed his life and achievements in chronological order, so we

were able to understand how his discoveries all linked to each other. This source is

definitely credible because it is a resource by HighBeam Research Incorporation,

and on it “About Us” page, it says it provides reference from credible, published

sources like Oxford University Press and Columbia Encyclopedia. However, one

problem we had with this source is the overload of information--there was too much

it was sometimes hard to find what we were looking for, and also this source was

written in above high-school level language, with a lot of scientific jargon.

"Pasteur, Louis (1822-1895)." World of Microbiology and Immunology. 2003.

Encyclopedia.com. 26 Jan. 2015<http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

This article was credible because it was from an encyclopedia of the World of

Microbiology and Immunology that was under encyclopedia.com, a source that used

a variety of sources that were credible like the Oxford dictionary. We used this

source for a lot of our secondary source information since it contained information

on his works, as well as his overall life; it had the most information out of all of our

sources. Encyclopedia.com had different entries related to Louis Pasteur, but on

different encyclopedias, and we felt this one was particularly important because

Pasteur is known as “the father of microbiology”. It was also very helpful for support

and background information on all of the topics we covered on the website since

there was such a broad coverage of information.

Rhee, SeungYon. "Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)." Louis Pasteur (1822-1895).

Accessexcellence.org, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.

<http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/Louis_Pasteur.php>.

We believe this source is credible because it is an educational site, ending in ".org".

This site provided a biography of Louis Pasteur in a different perspective than most

of the other biographies we had read. It took a more scientific and unbiased point of

view than the other biographies we had read, some of which seemed to glorify

Pasteur rather than just report the facts, especially some French sites which bragged

Pasteur as a national treasure. The unbiased nature of this source made it valuable,

and it gave a lot of useful details on the process of Pasteur's research that led to his

discoveries, which was extremely useful under the "discoveries" tab.

Robinson, Richard. "Pasteur, Louis." Biology. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 26 Jan. 2015

<http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

The biology encyclopedia, another encyclopedia that was a part of the series of

encyclopedias on the site encyclopedia.com, provided very scientific descriptions on

the on this website particularly for the “immunization and vaccinations” page of our

website. Again, like all the other encyclopedias, the detailed information proved

crucial to not only the background knowledge, since the encyclopedias covered such

a wide variety of information, but also the detailed processes in the steps Louis

Pasteur took in his discoveries. It was very interesting to see the different impacts

Louis Pasteur had on all these different areas of study with the different

encyclopedias we got information from. For example, the entry about Pasteur in this

source, the Biology encyclopedia, was very different from the entry in the Chemistry

encyclopedia. It helped us realize just how large the scope and impact of Pasteur’s

works were.

"Story of the Institut Pasteur." Institut Pasteur. The Pasteur Institute, 13 Feb. 2014. Web. 26

Jan. 2015.

<http://www.pasteur.fr/en/institut-pasteur/history/story-institut-pasteur>.

This site was a page off the official website of The Pasteur Institute, and so had the

most credible information about Pasteur, his works, his achievements, his

institution, and its mission. It could be slightly biased since it is his institution and so

it will obviously try to portray him in a positive light, but we think it still served to

give valuable information for Pasteur's discoveries and legacy. This certain page of

the official website talked about the Institute itself and how it has developed over

the years, from when Pasteur first set it up to the research it is doing now. This page

talks about the global mission of the Pasteur Institute, and this was very interesting

because when we interviewed the chief executive of the Institute Pasteur Korea, he

also talked about the mission for global health.

Tames, Richard. Louis Pasteur. New York: F. Watts, 1990. Print.

This book, although short compared to the rest of our books, was very useful in

getting a general idea of Louis Pasteur's life. Because it was short and brief, it was

that much easier to quickly read and develop a whole understanding of Pasteur’s

works from beginning to end and how it relates to us today. We used this

information as a foundation for our more in-depth research. Since it is a print source

that we found in our school library, we trust that it is a credible source. Also, books

written about Louis Pasteur tended to have a citation page at the very end, so we

were also be able to conduct research branching off into the sources we saw listed

there.

The Story of Louis Pasteur. Dir. William Dieterle. Warner Bros Pictures, 1935.

This was a movie made about the life of Louis Pasteur, and although we did not

actually use the film in our website, the film gave us an idea of the historical

background of Louis Pasteur as well as how he conducted his research and his

personality. Although we did not directly use this film in our research, the film

helped us gain a deeper understanding of who Pasteur really was as a person, even

his personality, and this helped us to better understand the cold hard factual

research we did about him and his discoveries. It was only when we understood his

true passion for this field of research and how dedicated he was, that we could also

truly understand his countless discoveries and his motives for researching so hard.

We believe this source is credible because it is made by Warner Bros, a movie

company that is famous and accredited. Also, it is a biography sort of movie, so the

filmmakers researched a lot about Pasteur to make this movie.

Ullmann, Agnes. "Louis Pasteur | Biography - French Chemist and Microbiologist."

Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, 29 Oct. 2014. Web. 26 Jan. 2015.

<http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/445964/Louis-Pasteur>.

This source was very credible since it was from the online encyclopedia britannica,

and encyclopedia known for being credible and containing a lot of valuable

information. From this source, we obtained primary sources (pictures) as well as

information that was detailed but not too hard to understand; not too scientific. This

page proved to be resourceful in describing Pasteur's contributions to science,

technology, and medicine, and we used this source mostly on the pages under our

"discoveries" tab.

Photos

http://kurtknecht.blogspot.kr/2014/01/buzzfeed-headlines-for-year-of.html

http://www.livescience.com/43007-louis-pasteur.html

http://www.chemical-biology.org/news/200861/Dr.-Hakim-Djaballah-is-the-new-Chief-E

xecutive-Officer-of-Institut-Pasteur-Korea.htm

http://selectbiosciences.com/conferences/biographies.aspx?speaker=236002&conf=CT20

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http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/

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lle.jpg

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g

http://www.librosmaravillosos.com/lavidadepasteur/imagenes/Jeanne%20Etiennette%2

0Pasteur%201793-1848%201836.jpg

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130307035657

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Cholera.png/1280px-Punch-A_Court_for_King_Cholera.png

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on.jpg

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5.jpg

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tudes_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%89cole_des_beaux-arts.jpg

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http://jeanbont.pbworks.com/f/pasteur.jpg

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http://www.krebsmicro.com/forumpix/tartaric1.jpg

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e-London-Water-Cartoons-Punch-Magazine-1850-05-11-188.jpg

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http://www.angelfire.com/al/aloysius/silkwormstudies.html

http://media.historyofvaccines.org/images/000875_540.jpg

http://www.freegreatpicture.com/classic-design-material/high-definition-fine-silk-materi

al-26788

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rie.jpg

http://www.pasteur.fr/sites/www.pasteur.fr/files/styles/large/public/media/Institut%2

0Pasteur/Musee/1.5.1.2__oeuvre_louis_pasteur_page_navigation_gene_spontanee_.j

pg?itok=ndIGQoff

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Pasteur_inoculating_shee

p_against_anthrax._Wellcome_L0003758.jpg/400px-Pasteur_inoculating_sheep_agai

nst_anthrax._Wellcome_L0003758.jpg

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9c2-4ff0-a53f-bacfb82f74fe

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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Louis_Pasteur_and_his_rabies_pa

tients._Wood_engraving,_1886._Wellcome_L0013785.jpg

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http://www.londonlives.org/static/images/MiddlesexHospital.jpg

http://www.thehistoryhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Notre-Dame-de-Paris-Pho

tos.jpg

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no.jpg

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http://image3.inews24.com/image_gisa/200905/1241688166746_1.jpg

http://vacres.pasteur.ac.ir/files/site1/pages/pasteur.jpg

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50/Institut%20Pasteur%20du%20Cambodge.JPG

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asteur-story.jpg

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