looking under the desktop … where was hci before 1984? alan blackwell reader in interdisciplinary...
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Looking under the desktop … where was HCI before 1984?
Alan BlackwellReader in Interdisciplinary DesignUniversity of Cambridge
Vannevar Bush
Memex
J C R Licklider – man-computer symbiosis
Ivan Sutherland – demonstrating symbiosis
Sketchpad
Doug Engelbart – the human augmentation project
NLS – oNLine System
Stanford Augmentation Research Center (ARC)
Alan Kay
KiddiKomp
David Canfield Smith
Pygmalion – symbiosis for the programmer
Card, Newman, Moran, Tesler and others
Xerox Star
Xerox Star
Jef Raskin
Apple Lisa
Apple Lisa
Apple Macintosh
If this is man-machine symbiosis,
why does
the man-half work?
Allen Newell
Brenda Laurel and Joy Mountford
Lakoff and Johnson
Pursuing the “metaphor” metaphor – Magic Cap
The Magic Cap metaphor
The Microsoft Bob metaphor
The Task Gallery metaphor
The Task Gallery metaphor
The Task Gallery metaphor
The Virtual Reality metaphor
The Virtual Reality metaphor
Available theories for cognitive design
What is the difference
between education
and designing
a better customer?
Richard Mayer – metaphors for learning programming
Jack Carroll – varieties of metaphor and Lisa-learning
Cognitive theories of education – Bruner and Ausubel
Papert and Kay – educating the child genius?
De Souza – the “Designer’s Deputy”
We like our heroes
fully-augmented
Negroponte’s Architecture Machine Group
SDMS “Dataland”
Command and control over Dataland
SDMS console
Engelbart at the NLS console
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
Bruno Latour – recruiting allies for theory
Who gets to be creative?
The designer?
Or the user?
Ted Nelson
Dealing with the death of the designer
Further reading
• Blackwell, A.F. The reification of metaphor as a design tool. Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 13(4), 490-530. December 2006.
• Alan Blackwell: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~afb21