rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju

jhgdq;fSf;fhd ifj;njhopy;

tbtikg;G gw;wpa mwpKfk;

tpahghuj ;jpw ;fhd

mwpTrhu ; nrhj ;J

njhlu ;

ghu;itf;F Neu;j;jpahd

2,y

1

tpahghuj;jpw;fhd mwpTrhu; nrhj;Jupik njhlupy; ,J

,uz;lhtJ topfhl;bah Fk;. re;ijapy; xU nghUspd;

ntw;wpf;F mjd; tbtikg;G gpujhd fhuzp vd;gjid

,t;topfhl;b vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wJ.

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; gb ifj;njhopy;

tbtikg;G vd;gJ mg;nghUspd; mofpay; my;yJ ntspj;

Njhw;wj;jpidNa Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,J xU nghUSf;F

nkU$l;LtJld; thbf;ifahsiu trPfupj;J xU

nghUspdpd;W kw;iwaij njuptjw;F Vw;w gpujhd

fhuzpahfTk; mikfpd;wJ. xU jhg dk; kw;iwa jhgd

cw;gj;jpapdpd;W jkJ cw;gj;jpg; nghUis NtWgLj;jp

mtw;Wf;fhd gpujpikia Vw;gLj;jTk; ifj;njhopy;

tbtikg;Gf;fs; cjT fpd;wd. vdNt jhd; jkJ tbtikg;

Gf;fis Kiwg;gb ghJfhj;jy; mtrpakhFk;.

,t;topfhl;b rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju ifj;njhopy;

Kaw;rpahsUf;F (SMEs) ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G

gw;wpa xU mwpKfkhFk;. ,t; topfhl;bapy; ,g;ghJfhg;G

njhlu;gpy; tpdh tpil %yKk;> cjhuzq;fs; %yKk;

tpsf;f glj;JlDk; tpsf;fkspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nghJ jhgdq;fspd; mDruidAld; cs;@u; jhgdq;fspd;

cjtpNahL WIPO tplk; xU gpujpia ngw;W

,t;topfhl;bia tpUj;jpnra;J Njrpa uPjpay;

guRupf;fKbAk;.

KfTiu

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

"tpahghuj;jpw;fhd Ez;zwpthsh; cilik" gpuRuq;fspd; njhlh;:

1. ,yf;fpid Vw;gLj;jy;: rpwpa kw;Wk; kj;jpa msthd njhopy; Kaw;rp

fSf;fhd tpahghur; rpd;dj;jpd; mwpKfk;. c.E.c.x. gpuRu ,y: 900.

2. ghu;itf;F Neu;j;jpahd: rpwpa kw;Wk; kj;jpa msthd njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;

fhd ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpd; mwpKfk;. c.E.c.x. gpuRu ,y: 498.

3. vjph;fhyj;jpd; cUthf;fk;: rpwpa kw;Wk; kj;jpa msthd njhopy;Kaw;rpf

Sf;fhd fhg;Ghpikfspd; mwpKfk;. c.E.c.x gpuRu ,y: 917.

4. Mf;fj;jpwd; Njhw;wk;: rpwpa kw;Wk; kj;jpa msthd njhopy;Kaw;rpfS

f;fhd gjpg;Ghpikapd; mwpKfk;. c.E.c.x. gpuRu ,y: 918

(vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ)

c.E.c.x. (WIPO) kpd; Gj;jfrhiyapy (e-bookshop)www.wipo.int/ebookshop ,y; rfy gpuRuq;fSk; fpilf;Fk;.

cyf Ez;zwpthsh; cilik xd;wpaj;jpd; (c.E.c.x) Kd;G njsptha; Fwpg;gpl;l

mDkjpAld; ,e;j gpuRukhdJ nkhop ngah;f;fg;gl;L kPs; mspf;fg;gl;Lfpd;wJ>

gjpg;Ghpik chpikahshpd; %y Mq;fpy $w;whdJ www.wipo.int/sme/en/documents/guides/ ,y; cs;sJ. vdNt> c.E>c.x. MdJ> nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;l$w;wpd; gpuRuj;jpd; nrk;ik my;yJ jpUj;jj;jd;ikf;Fk; nghWg;ghspNah my;yJ

flikg;gl;ltuhf ,Uf;fkhl;lhJ> Vnddpy; nghWg;Ngh my;yJ flikNah ,yq;if

rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rp mgptpUj;jpahsh;fspNyNa (nray;jpl;l

rp.e.njh.K.m.) KOikahf jq;fpapUg;gjpdhyhFk;.

"rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rp mgptpUj;jpahsh;fs; (nray;jpl;l rp.e.njh.

K.m.) (gjpg;Ghpik 2010)" c.E>c.x. MdJ (2006) %y Mq;fpy nkhop $w;wpd;

gjpg;Ghpikf;F chpikahspahf cs;sJ. ,g;gpuRuj;jpd; vg;gFjpapidahfpYk; vt;

tbtpYk; my;yJ vt;tpjj;jpYk;> gjpg;Ghpik chpikahshpd; vOj;J%y mDkjp

apd;wp kpd;dZ %yNkh my;yJ nghwptop %yNkh kPs; mspj;jNyh my;yJ

gug;GjNyh rl;lj;jhy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;lthwhf md;wp MfhJ.

gjpg;Giu chpikahshplkpUe;J vOj;J%y mDkjpapd;wp> ,g;gpuRuj;jpd; vg;gFjp

iaAk; rl;lj;jpdhy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;lthwd;wp kpd;dZ rhh;ghfNth my;yJ nghwp

KiwahfNth my;yJ vt;tifahfNth my;yJ vt;tbtkhfNth gjpg;Ghpik

ahshpd; vOj;J%y mDkjpapd;wp kPs; jahhpj;jy; MfhJ.

Nfhhpf;if iftply;: ,t;topfhl;bapy; mlq;fpAs;s jfty;> njhopy;rhh; rl;l

kjpAiuf;F gjpyPlhfhJ. ,jd; gpujhd Nehf;fkhdJ ,t;tpla mbg;gil jftiy

mspg;gjw;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

nghUslf;fk;

gf;fk;

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G 3

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig ghJfhj;jy; 6

ntspehLfspy; tbtikg;ig ghJfhj;jy; 16

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg; Gf;fis mKy;gLj;Jjy; 18

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gf;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd

kw;iwa rl;l fUtpfs; 19

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3

1. ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G

ifj ; n j h o p y ; tbtikg; n gd ; w hy ; vd ;d?

nghJ tof;fpy; ifj;njhopy; tbt ikg;G vd;w

gjk; xUnghUspd; KOikahd tbtikg;Gk;

nray;jpw idAk; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ifAs;s xU

ehw;fhypia Lj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; mjpy; mku;tJ

nrsfupfkhfTk; ghu;itf;F mofhfTk; ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;. tpahgh uj;jpw;fhd tbtikg;ngd;Dk;

nghOJ xU nghUspd; njhopy; jpwikia

tpUj;jp nra;tJk; mjd; fiyjpwid Ak;

fzf;fpy; vLg;gNjhL mg;nghU spd;

re;ijg;gLj;jy;> cw;gj;jpr; nryT kw;Wk;

,yFthf vLj;J nry;yy;> fsQ;rpag; gLj;Jjy;

jpUj;Jjy; kw;Wk; tpw;gid Nghd;w

fhuzpfisAk; fzf;fpnyLf;;Fk;.

vt;thwhapDk; mwpTrhu; nrhj;Jr; rl;lg;gb

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gh dJ mg;nghUspd;

fiyEl;g my;yJ mjdJ myq;fhu

jd;ikapidNa Fwpf;fpd;wJ. NtWtpjj;jpy;

nrhy;tjh dhy; ifAs;s ehw;fhypapd; Njhw;wj;

ijNa Fwpf;fpd;wJ. XU nghUspd; tbtikg;gpy;

njhopy; EZf;f my;yJ gpuNahf mk;rq;fs;

,Ug;gp Dk;> mwpthw;wy; rhu;e;j nrhj;J rl;lg;gb

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg; ghdJ KOikngw;w

mg;nghUspd; cUtmofpy; jq;fpAs;sNj md;wp

njhopy;El;g my;yJ mjd; njhopw;; ghl;byy;y.

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G gyjug;gl;l ifj;njhopy;

cw;g;gj;jp nghUl;fS Dk;> Nkh];ju kw;Wk;

ifg;gzpg; nghUl;fshd fbfhuq;fs;> Mghuzq;

fs;>kw;Wk; nrhFRg;nghUl;fshd tPl;L ghtidg;

nghUl;fs;> tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs;> jsghlq;fs;>

kpd;cgfu zq;fs;> Cu;jpfs;>kw;Wk; fl;ll

mikg;GSlDk;> [Tsp kw;Wk; tpisahl;L

cgfuzq;fSlDk; njhlu;Gs;sJ. ifj;njhopy;

tbtikg;G nghjp nra;jy;> ngl;bapyilj;jy;

kw;Wk; ftu;r;rpAlDk; njhu;GilaJ.

nghJ epajpahf xU ifj;njhopy;

tbtikg;ghdJ gpd;tUtdtw;iwf;

nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Kg;gupkhz mk;rk; cjhuzk; mjd;

tbtk;.

,Ugupkhz mk;rk; cjhuzk; mjd;

myq;fhu Ntiyg;ghL> NfhLfs; my;yJ

tu;zk;>

NkNy $wg;gl;l xd;W my;yJ mjw;;F

Nkw;gl;l mk;rq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Kg;gupkhz tbtikg;gpw;F cjhuzk;

,Ugupkhz tbtikg;gpw;fhd cjhuzk;

Courtesy: Villeroy + Boch A.G.

4

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

tpahghuj ;jpy ; Gj ;j h f ;f tbtikg;G

tpahghu jhgdq;fs; mjpf Neuj;ij Ak;

tsq;fisAk; jhk; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;;

nghUl;fspd; tbtikg;Gf; ftu;r;rpf;fhf

nrytpLfpd;wdu;. Gjpa mry tbtikg;gf;fs;

cUthf;fk; ngWtJ:

1. Fwpg;gpl;l re;ijf;F Vw;g jk; cw;gj;jpia

cUthf;f: rpy nghUl;fspy; rpwpa

tbtikg;G khw;wq;fs; nra;jy; (c + k;:kzpf;$L) %yk; mij Fwpg;gpl;l

tanjy;iyapdUf;F Vw;wjhf khw;wy;;.

mjd; %y nray;ghLf spy; khw;wkpuhj

NghJk;> Foe;ij fSk; Kjpatu;fSk;

NtWgl;l urid As;stuhAs;sdu;.

2. jkf;NfAupa re;ijia cUthf;f: jkJ

Nghl;bahsUila nghUspyp Ue;J jkJ

nghUis NtWgLj;j jkf;NfAupa mry;

tbtikg;ig cUthf;Ftjd; %yk;

jkf;nfd;w xU reijia

cUthf;fpf;nfhs;s Kidfpd;wdu;. ,t;tpj

nfhs;if rhjhuz G+l;Lf;fs;> ghjzpfs;>

Nfhg;ig ]h]upypUe;J tpiy $ba

myq;fhu eiffs;> fzpdp fs;> fhu;fs;

Nghd;wit ,jpylq;Ffpd;wd.

3. tpahghu FwpapLfis ];jpug; gLj;jy;:

Gj;jhf;f tbtikg;G cUthf;fq;fspd; NghJ

jdpg;gl;l FwpaPLfSld; jkJ jhgdj;jpd;

FwpaPLfisAk; ];jpug;gLj;Jfpd; wdu;.

mNdf jhgdq;fs; jkJ tbtikg;G

cUthf;fj;jpd; %yk; jj;jkJ FwpaPLfis

ntw;wpfukhf cUthf;fp my;yJ kPs;epu;z

apj;Js;sdu;.

Vd; ifj ;nj h o py ; tb t ik g ; i g

ghJfhf ;f Ntz ; Lk ; ?

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ghdJ cw;gj;jpg; nghUspd;

ngWkjpiaf; $l;Lfpd;wJ. mJ Efu;NthDf;F

mg; nghUs; ftu;rpfukhdjhfTk; tpUk;gg;

glj;jf;fjhfTk; ,Ug;gNjhL mJ mg; nghUs;

tpiyahtjw;fhd jdpg;gl;l fhuzpahfTk;

Mfyhk;. vdNt ngWk jpahd tbtikg;Gfis

ghJfhj;jy; xU tbtikj;jupd; my;yJ cw;gj;jp

ahsupd; jPu;f;fkhd tpahghu Aj;jpahf tpUf;Fk;.

xU ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig Njrpa my;yJ

gpuhe;jpa mwpTrhu; nrhj;Jupik fhupahyaj;jpy;

gjpT nra;Jnfhs;tjd; %yk; mjd; cupikahsu;

mDkjpaw;wtu;fs; mjid gpujpnra;jiy my;yJ

Nghypfspd; jahupg;ig jLg;gjw;fhd KOikahd

mjpfhuj;ij ngWfpd;whu;. ,jw;$lhf tpahghuk;

mu;j;jKs;sjhfTk; Nghl;bj; jidikia

Cf;Ftpg;gjhAk;; ,Ug;g NjhL Nkyjpf

tUkhdj;ij gpd;tUk; Kiwfspy;

Vw;g;gLj;Jfpd;wJ:

tbtikg;ig gjpTnra;jy; %yk; xU

Nghl;bahsu; mg;nghUspd; Nghypj;jahupj;jiy

my;yJ gpujpgLj;jiy jLg;gjhy; Nghl;bapy;

cq;fsJ epiy cWjpahFk;.

Courtesy: Victorinox Ltd

ngWkjptha;e;j tbtikg;G xd;iw

gjpTnra;tjd; %yk; re;ijg;gLj;jypy;;

KjyPl;bw; fhd epahakhd kPsspj;jiyg;

ngw;W tUkhdj;ijf; $l;lyhk;;.

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gf;fs; xU tpahghu

jhgdj;jpd; my;yJ cw;g;gj;jpapd; ngWkjp

ia $l;Ltjdhy;mitAk; tpahghur;

nrj;Jf;fshFk;.

gjpTnra;ag;gl;l tbtikg; nghd;iw

kw;wtu;fSf;F xU fl;lzj;jpw;F

mDkjpf;fyhk; (my;yJ tpw;f;fyhk;).

,t;tpjk; mDkj;g;gjd; %yk; vk;khy;

,Jtiufhyk; nry;yKbahj re;ijfis

vl;lf;$bajh apUf;Fk;.

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;nghd; iw

gjpTnra;jypd; %yk; epahakhd

Nghl;bj;jd;ikAld; ePjpahd tpahghu

KiwfSk; Cf;Ftpf;fg; gLtjhy; ftu;r;rp

fukhd gyNtWgl;l njhlu;ngh Ul;fspd;

cw;gj;jp Cf;Ftpf; fg; gLfpd;wJ.

5

tbtikg ; G fs ; ; g w ; w p a r p y

nts p g ; g h L fs ;

njhopw;rhu; mbg;gilapy; cw;gj;jp nra;g;gl;l

vy;yh tpsf;Ffspw;Fk; ntWghL

,y;yhtpl;lhYk;> mtw;wpd; Njhw;wk; re;ijapy;

ntw;wpia eph;z apf;fpd;wJ.,jdhNyNamNdf

ehLf spy; tPl;Lg;ghtidg; nghUl;fspd; tb

tikg;ghdJ ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G

gjpNgLfspy; ePz;l gl;bayhapUf;f

fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.

%yk;: OHIM tbtikg;G gw;wpa gjpT Njit rhu;ghf2002y; elhj;jg;gl;l Ma;T

(image dØtourer)

IN u hg ; g pa A +dpa d p y ; tbtikg;Gf ;fis

ghJfhg ;gjd ; fhuzq ;fs ;

Courtesy: Nemo S.p.A.Nghl;bapy; Kd;nry;y

jhgd nfsutk; fhf;f

efy; vLg;gij jLf;f

jhgd nfhs;if

'efy; vLg;Ngd;; vd;W epidg;Nghiu jLf;f.

kw;iwa

2. iiffjj;;nnjjhhooppyy;; ttbbttiikkgg;;iigg gghhJJffhhjj;;jjyy;;

cq;fS i la ifj ;njhopy; tbtikg;

Gf ;fis vt;tpjj ;jpy ; ghJfhf;fyhk ;?

mNdfkhd ehLfspy; ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gr;

rl;lj;jpd; fPo; xu; ifj; njhopy; tbtikg;ghdJ

ghJfhg;G ngWk;gbf;F gjpTnra;ag;gl

Ntz;Lk; .

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;nghd;iw gjpTnra;a

ve;ehl;by; gjpTnra;;a Ntz;LNkh> me;ehl;bd;

Njrpa mwpT rhu; nrhj;J (IP) mYtyfj;jpy;;tpz;zg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. [gpd;dp izg;G - I y; IPfhupahyaq;fspd; ,izajsq;fis fhz;f]

ntsp ehLfspy; ghJfhg;igg; ngw gFjp 3 I

ghu;f;Ff.

rpy ehLfspy; my;yJ nghJ nghU shjhu

$l;likg;G gpuNjrq;fspy; c+ k; INuhg;gpaA+dpad; ehLfspy; gjpTnra;ag;glhj

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gf;fSf;F

ntspaplg;gl;l jpjjpapypUe;J tiuaWf;fg;gl;l

ghJfhg;nghd;iw %d;W tUlfhyj; jpw;F

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhd rl;ltiuG

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j trjpf;$lhf ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig

Nkw;nfhz;l jhgdk; mjid fhg;GWjp

nra;tjw;fhd Kaw;rpf;Fk;; gznrytPl;bw;Fk;

Kd;d jhf jkJ cw;gj;jpg; nghUs;fspw;

Fs;s re;ij Nfs;tpapid mwpe;J nfhs;s

tha;g;gspf;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy; mndfkhdit

re;ijapy; ntw;wpngW tjpy;iy. NkYk; ehfuPf

Milayq; fhuk; Nghd;w rpy tbtikg;Gfs;

re; ijapy; FWfpa fhyfl;lj;jpw;Nf

epiyj;jpUf;fpd;wd.

,t;tpj cw;gj;jpfSf;F gjpag;glh tbtikg;G

rl;lj;jpd; fPo; khw;wPLfs; ngwg;glyhk;. xU

cw;gj;jpahsUf;F xU nghUis cw;gj;jp

nra;j ehsp ypUe;J 12 khj fhyj;jpw;Fs;

mjid gjpTnra;J nfhs;syhk;. Xu; gjpag;

glhj nghUspw;fhd ghJfhg;ghdJ

tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. mNjNtis ghJghf;fg;

gl;l tbtikg; GfSf;F 25 tUl ghJghg;G

cs;s Ntisapy; ghJfhf;fg;glhj nghUl;f

spd; ghJfhg;G FWfpa %d;W tUlq; fSf;Nf

nry;YgbahFk; vd;gJld;; ghJfhg;ig

eilKw;gLj;JtJk; fbdkhFk;.

gjpag;gl;l ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gf; fisNa

,e;j topfhl;b Kd; epWj;Jt jdhy; rpy

ehLfspy;; tbtikg;Gf;fis ghJghg;gjw;fhd

NtWtifahd gjpyPL fSk; ,Uf;fyhk;

vd;gjidAk; ,q;F Kf;fpakhf vLj;jpak;g

Ntz;Lk;.

Fwpg;gpl;l Njrpa rl;lj;ijAk;

tbtikg;igAk; Fwpj;j gjpg;Gup ik rl;lk;

(copyright law) ,t;tpj gjpyPLfspy;xd;whFk;. ,r;rl;lj; jpd; gpufhuk; ,yf;fpa

kw;Wk; fiyrhu;ghd gpujpnra;jiy jLf;

Fk; gpuj;jpNaf ghJfhg;G cupik ia

ngwyhk;. rpytbtikg;Gf; fs; rpy

ehLfspy; fiyEl;gkhf my;yJ gpuNahf

fiyahf fUjp gpujpnra;jiy jLf;Fk;

rl;lkhdJ eilKiwgLj;JLtNjhL rpwpa

kw;Wk; eLj;ju jhgdq;fSf;F (SME) Vw;wnjupTkhfyhk;.

jw;F Nkyhf ifj;njhopy; tb tikg;ghdJ

rpyehLfspy; tpah ghu rpd;dkhf

njhopw;gLtjhy; mit Kg;gupkhz

Fwp�lhfTk; ghJfhf;fg;glyhk;. ,q;F nghU

spd; tbtikg;Gk; nghjp nra;j KiwAk;

gpuj;jpNahfkhdjhf fUjg;gLk;.

6

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

rpy ehLfspy; Kiwaw;w Nghl;bf;nfjpuhd

rl;lq;fs; xU jhgdj;jpd; ij;njhopy;

tbtikg;ig ghJfhf;fpd;wJ

cq;fsJ tbtikg;ig gjpg;gupik> tpahghur;

rpd;dk; my;yJ Kiwaw;w Nghl;b

rl;lq;fSf;$lhf ghJfhf;f Njitahd NkYk;

tpguq;fis gFjp 5 y; fhz;f.

ifj;njhopy ; tbtikg;G ghJfhg ;gpw;

$ lhf vt;tpj cupikfs; fpl;L fpd;w d?

xU ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig gjpT

nra;tjD}lhf> %d;whk; egu; mt;tb tikg;gpd;

mDkjpaw;w gpujpnra;j iy my;yJ efy;

vLj;jiy cupik ahsUf;F jLf;ff;

$bajhapUf;Fk;. ,jD}lhf kw;iwa vtUk;

mt; tbt ikg;NghL ,ize;j ve;e xU nghU

isahtJ nra;aNth> nfhLf;fNth> ,wf;Fkjp

nra;aNth Vw;Wkjp nra; aNth my;yJ

tpw;fNth ,r;rl;lk; jLf;Fk;cupikia

cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. Fwpg;gpl;l ehl;bd; my;yJ

gpuhe;jpaj; jpd; rl;lKk; eilKiwAk;

ghJfhg;gpd; tpahgfj;ij eph;zapf;Fk;.

vtw;iw ifj ;njho py ; tbtikg;ghf

gj pa y hk ; ?

nghJ epajpahf xU ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig

gjptjw;F> ehl;bd; rl;l jpl;lq;fSf;fika

gpd;tUk; xd;iw my;yJ mjw;Fk; Nkyhd

Njitfis mJ nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

tbtikg;G Gjpajha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU

tbtikg;G gjpTf; fhf rku;g; gpf;fgLk;

NghJ mjw; F Kd;djhf mJ my;yJ

mjw; nfhj;j tbtikg;nghd;W kf;fs;

ghtidf;fhf rku;gpf;fg;glhtplj;J mJ

GjpaJ vd nfhs;sg;gLk;.

gpuj ;jpNaf cupik

jq;fs; jhgdk; Filf;fhd Gj;jhf;f

tbtikg;ig cUthf;fp Njrpa mwpTrhu;

nrhj;Jupik [IP] fhupahy aj;jpy; gjpe;jjhy;

mt;tbtikg;gpw; fhd gpuj;jpNaf cupikia

ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;. ,jd; mu;j;jk; vd;dntd;

why; tpahghu Nghl;bahsu; xUtu;

mijnahj;j Filia cUthf;f> tpw;f my;yJ

,wf;Fkjp nra;tij fz;Lnfhz;lhy;>

mt;tbtikg;ig ghtpg;gij ePq;fs; jilnra;a

KbtJld; mt;tpj mDkjpaw;w ghtpg;gpdhy;

Vw;gl;l el;l

tbtikg;G mryhdjhf [original]

,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mrnyd;Dk; NghJ

tbtikg;ghsupdhy; Ra khf cUthf;fg;

gl;ljhAk; re;ijapYs;s NtW nghUl;f

spd; gpujpahf ,Uf;fTk; $lhJ.

tbtikg;G jd;dfj;Nj jdpg ; gl;l

Fzhjprak; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mwpTs;s xUght idahsu; cq;fs;

tbtikg; gpy; ,jw;F Kd;Ds;s tbt

ikg;Gfspy; ngw;w vz;zj;ij tpl

khWgl;l mgpg;gpuhak; nfhs; thuhapd; ,f;

Fzhjpraj;ij va;jpajhf fUjyhk;.

tof;fj;jpy;> ghJfhg;gpw;fhd tbt ikg;G

vd;gJ cw;gj;jpnra;ag;gl;l fhyzp kw;Wk;

fhjzp myq;fhu NjdPu; Nfhg;ig Nghd;wtw;wpd;

tb tikg;Gld; njhlu;Ggl;lJ. jw;Ngh ija

b[ply; cyfpy; ,g; ghJfhg;G NkYk; gy

nghUl;fSf;F rpy ehL fspy;

tp];jupf;fg;gLs;sJ. nfhk;gp A+l;lu; FwpaPL

%yk;> ,uj;jpuhdpay; nl];f; nlhg;

Infhz;fs;> mr;R tbTfs; [fonts],

fputpf; FwpaPLfs; $l ,g;nghJ cs;slf;fg;

gl;Ls;sd.

ifj;nj hopy ; tbtikg;g py ; ghJfhf;f

Kba hj it vit ?

mNdf ehLfspy; gpd;tUk; tbtikg; Gf;fs;

gjpTnra;jypypUe;J tpyf;fg; gl;Ls;sd:

GJik> mry; my;yJ jdpj;Jtk; vd;w

(NkNy $wpaJ Nghy) Njitia

re;jpf;fhj tbtikg; Gf;fs;.

cw;gj;jpg; nghUspd; gpuj;jpNaf njhopy;

EZf;f nray;ghl;il Fwpf;Fk;

tbtikg;Gf;fs;. mtw; wpd; njhopy;ghL

my;yJ nraw;gh L tbtikg;Gf;fs; mit

xt; nthd;wpdJk; ,ay;igg; nghWj;J

kw;iwa IP cupikfSf;;$lhf gjpT

nra;ag;glyhk;. (c+k;. nghUis jahupf;f>

tpw;fTs;s jdpg;gl;l fhg;Gupik> cgNahfg;

nghUl;fs; my;yJ tpahghu ,ufrpaq;fs;

Nghd;wit)

mYtyf my;yJ Njrpa rpd;dq; fis

xd;wpj;jit (c+k;;. Njrpaf; nfhb

Nghd;wit)

nghJ elj;ij my;yJ xOf;f

newpfSf;nfjpuhit vdf; fUjg; gLk;

tbtikg;Gf;fs;.

mj;Jld;> rpy ehLfs; iftpidg; nghUl;fis

tbtikg;G ghJfhg;gp ypUe;J tpyf;fpAs;sd

vd;gjid Kf;fpa ftdj;jpy; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,e; ehLfspy; ifj;njhopy; tbtikg; ghdJ

cw;gj;jp nra;af;$ba xU nghUs; my;yJ

kPz;Lk; gy gpujpfs; njhopy; El;gj;jpd; %yk;

vLf;ff;$ba nghUl;fisNa ifj;njhopy;

tbtikg; Gr; rl;lk; gjptjw;F ,e;ehLfs;

,lkspj;Js;sd.

Njrpa rl;lq;fspd; gpufhuk; NkYk; rpy

tbtikg;Gf;fs; gjpT nra;a Kbahj

itahfyhk; vdNt xU IP Kftiu my;yJ

Njrpa IP fhupahyaj;jpd; MNyhridia

ngWtJ cfe;jjhFk;.

8

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

xU tbtikg;ig gj pT nra;tJ vt;thW?

cq;fsJ nrhe;j ehl;by; gjpTnra;t jw;F

gpd;tUk; eltbf;iffis vLf;f Ntz;Lk;

cq;fsJ Njrpa IP fhupahyj;jp-Ys;s

Kiwahd tpz;zg;g gbtj;ij cq;fs;

ngaUlDk;> ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpd;

tiu glq;fSlDk; my;yJ Gifg;glq;

fSlDk; G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

,jw;nfd nghJthd tpz;zg;gg gbtq;fs;

cs;sd (gpd;dpizg;G I y; IP ,iza

jsq;fspd; ml;ltizia fhz;f)

rpy ehLfspy; ifj;njhopy; tbt

ikg;G(f;fs;) gw;wpa Gj;jhf;fj;ij vOj;J

%y tpguk; Nfl;fg;glNth Nru;j;Jf;

nfhs;sg;glNth ,lkspf; fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,t;tpguk; nghUspd; jd;ikiag;

gw;wpajhapuhky; mjd; tbtikg;ig

gw;wpajh apUf;f Ntz;Lk;. gioa tbt

ikg;Gf;fspy; ,Ue;J vt;tpjk; cq;fs;

tbtikg;G NtWgL;fpd; wJ vdf; fhl;l

Ntz;Lk;. Gjpa tbtikg;gpd; vy;yh

fiyak;rq; fisAk; fhl;LtNjhL vt;vt;

mk;rq;fs; Kf;fpakhdit vd;g ijAk;

fhl;l Ntz;Lk;. rpy gup Nrhjfu;fs;

tbtikg;gpd; jd;ik ia ruptu Gupe;J

nfhs;tjw;F xU gpujpia Nfhuyhk;.

Nfhitg;gLj;jYf;fhsd fl;lzk;

nrYj;Jk;gb Nfl;fg;gLtPu;fs;.

tpz;zg;gq;fis rPuhf Nfhitg;

gLj;Jtjw;fhf xU IP Kftupd; Nritia

ngw vj;jdpj;jhy;; mk; KftUf;F cq;fs;

mjpfhuj;ij khw;wpf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

epu;thf eilKiwfs; ahTk; rupahf G+u;j;jp

nra;ag;gl;ldth vd;gij cWjp gLj;jpa

gpd;dNu mt;tbtikg;ig gjpT nra;tu;. NkYk;

rpy fhyupahy aq;fs; jk;kplKs;s vy;yh

tbtikg; Gf;fisAk; guprPypj;J Gj;jhf;fj;ij

cWjp nra;j gpd;dNu gjpTnra;fpd;wd. gy

fhupahyaq;fs; vt;tpj cWjpAk;

Nkw;nfhs;shJ gjpfpd;wd.

xU tbtikg;G gjpTnra;ag;gl;lTld; gjpNtl;by;

nra;ag;gl;L cj;jpNahfG+u;t frl;ntspaPl;by;

ntspaplg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk; rpy ehLfspy;/

gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; rl;lg;gb tbtikg;ig xU

Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F gjpag;glhJ xj;jpitf;f

mjpfhuk; cs;s gbahy; mf;fhy vy;iytiu

tbtikg;gpd; ,ufrpak; Ngzg;gLk;. ,t;tpjk;

tbtikg;gpd; ,ufrpak; Ngzg;gLtJ.xU tpahghu

je;jpukh fyhk;.

gpwehLfspy; vt;tpjk; tbtikg;ig

ghJfhf;fyhk; vd;gij gFjp 3 ,y; fhz;f.

9

10

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

xU tbtikg;ig gjpa vt;tsT fhykhFk;?

Xt;nthU Njrpa IP fhupahyaj;jpy;

me;ehLfspYs;s rl;lq;fspd; gb xU

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig gjpTnra; tjw;F 6

Kjy; 12 khjq;fNsh mjw; F $LjyhfNth>

guPl;rfu; vLf;Fk; ahNjDk; Ml;Nrgidfs;

my;yJ rl;lg;gb tbtikg;ig gjptjw;F

njuptpf;ff; $ba vjpu;g;Gfs; Nghd;w

topKiwfspdhy; fhy jhkjk; Vw;glyhk;.

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig gjpTnra ;t jw;F

Kd ; , ufrpakhf ghJfhj; j y; m trpak h?

cq;fs; tbtikg;G gjpTnra;tJ tbtikg;gpd;

ghJfhg;gpw;fhf vd;g jhy; gjpTfs; epiwNtW

kl;Lk; mj id ,ufrpakhf ghJfhf;f

Ntz;Lk;. ,ufrpak; NgZtjw;fhd vOj;J %y

cWjpnahd;iw ngw;w gpd;dNu NtW

ahUf;fhfpYk; tbtikg;ig fhl;l Ntz;Lk;

tpahghu jhgdj;jpd; gl;baypy; (Catalogue)gpurpj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;l my;yJ rpW ifNaLfspy;

(Brochure) tbtikg;G gw;wpa tpguq;fs;nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; mJ GjpaJ vd;w

jd;ikia ,oe;J tpLk;. mt;tpjk;

ntspaplg;gl;l tbt ikg;ghdJ tpNrl fUiz

,ilntsp rl;lkpy;yh ehLfspy;

nghJTlikaht jhy; ,ijg;Nghd;W ,jw;F

Kd;du; ele;j Xu; jlaj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;bdh

nyhopa mjid rl;lg;gb ghJfhf;f ,ayhJ.

(ntsp ehLfspy; tbtikg; ig vt;tpjk;

ghJfhf;fyhk; vd;gij gf;fk; 16 y; fhz;f)

ccjjhhuuzzkk;;:: Foe;ijAk; gps;isAk; (BABY AND

CHILDEN) Foe;ijfspd; ];ehdj;njhl;bypy;

Foe;ijfspd; nrsfupaj;ij fUj;jpy; nfhz;L

gpnuQ;R Baby and Children epUtdk;Foe;ijfs; ];ehdk; nra;tjw;nfd;W xU

nrsfupakhd vspikahd Fsp ay; njhl;by;

xd;iw cUthf;fpaJ. ,t;tbtikg;G

cynfq;FKs;s jha; khiuAk;

Foe;ijfisAk; ftu;e;Js; sJ. jkJ

tbtikg;ig cynfq;Fk; gjptjw;fhf

me;epWtdk; 2000k; Mz;L khu;r;R khjj;jpy;

ru;tNjr tpz;zg; gj;ij ifaspj;jJ. jdJ

tpahghur; rpd;dj;ij gjpT nra;jjpd; gpd;

%d;W fz;lq;fspYs;s 10 ehLfspy; jdJ

nghUis tpw;gidf;F Neub ahfNth my;yJ

kw;wtu;fSf;F jkJ tbtikg;gpd; iyrd;ir

toq;fpNah tpw;gidf;F tpl;lJ. Courtesy: Foe;ijAk; gps;isAk;

,e;epWUtdj;jpd; tpahghu ntw;wp

fzprkhdjhFk;. ,d;W Baby and Childrenjhgdj;jpd; kpf Kf;fpa tpahghu ghz;lkhf

,f; Fspay; njhl;by; ,Ug;gNjhL jkJ

jdpg;gl;l tpahghu ghJfhg;gpd; %yk; ,d;W

cynfq;Fk; jdJ cw;gj;jpfis

re;ijg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

11

fUizfhyk; vd ;w hy; vd;d ?

rpyehLfspy; xU ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G

me;ehLfspd; rl;lg;gb mt;tbtikg;G

gjptjw;Fk; mjid re;ijapy; gfpuq;fg;

gLj;Jtjw;Fk; my;yJ ntspapLtjw;Fk;

,ilapy; 6 Kjy; 12 khjq;fs; tiuahd

fUiz fhyj;ij toq;Ffpd;wd.

,jdhy; Kiwg;gb tbtikg;gpd; Nfhitia

gjpAKd; mt;tbtikg; gpidf; nfhz;l nghUs;

xd;iw tpw;gidf;Ftpl;Nlh> fz;fhl;rpapy;

my;yJ tpahghu njhlu;G fhl;rpapy; itj;Njh>

tpahghu gl;baypy; (catalogue) my;yJ rpWtpsk;gu ntspaPLfspy; (brochure) ntspapl;ljdhy; jdJ Gj;jhf;f jd;ikapid ,of;fhJ

ghJfhj;J gjptpid Vw;gLj;jyhk;.

vdpDk; vy;yh ehLfspYk; ,e;epiyghL

,y;yhj gbapdhYk; jug;gLk; fUizf;fhyk;

FWfpajhYk; tbtikg;gpd; ghJfhg; gpw;fhf

mjid gjpAkl;Lk; ,ufrpa khf ghJfhj;jy;

kpf Kf;fpa tplakhFk;. cq;fs; ehl;bYs;s

gjpg;Gupik (copyright) rl;lk;> kw;Wk; ePjpaw;wNghl;b rl;l jpl;lq; fspd; gb cq;fs;

tbtikg;G ghJfhf;fg;gl;lhYk; mt; tbtikg;

gpw;fhd gpuj;jpNaf cupikia ngw;wpUf;f

khl;Bu;fs;. (gFjp 5 y; NkYk; gjpg;Gupik

rl;lk; gw;wp fhz;f)

ifj;njhopy ; g hJf hg ; G vt;tsT

fhyj;jpw;F tYg; ngw ; wJ ?

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G ehl;bw;F

ehL NtWgLk;. rhjhuzkhf 10 tUlq;f

Sf;F ,J ghJfhg;gspf;fpd;wJ. (MapDk;

If;fpa mnkupf;f ,uh[paj; jpy; 14

tUlq;fSk; INuhg;gpa Adpad; ehLfspy; 25

tUlq;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ). mNdfkhd

ehLfs; Ie;J Mz;LfSf;F xU Kiw jj;

jkJ tbtikg;Gf;fis gjpNtLfspy; GJg;gpf;f

NfhUfpd;wd.

ifj ;njho py ; tbtikg;ig gjpa vt;tsT

nry thFk ; ?

,r;nryT ehl;bw;F ehL tpj;jpahrg; gLk;.

mNjNtis ntt;NtW tpjkhd nryTfd;

Vw;glyhk; vd;gjidAk; kdjpy; nfhs;f:

1. Njrpa/ gpuhe;jpa IP fhupahyaj;jpy;gjpTf;fl;lzk; xd;iw nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

gjpT fl;lzkhdJ gjpa Ntz;ba

tbtikg;Gf;fspd; njhif apYk; gjpa

Ntz;ba ehLfspd; vz;zpf;ifAlDk;

Neupilahf njhlu;Gs;sJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F

INuhg;gpa A+dpad; ehLfspy; jdpg;gl;l

tbtikg;ig gjpjw;F 350 A+Nuhf;fs;

nrythFk; mJNt 10 tbtikg;Gf;fisf;

nfhz;;lnjdpy; 1>925 A+Nuhf;fs; tiu

Mfyhk;. ,jw;F Vw;gLk; rupahd

nryTfis mwpa cq;fs; IP Kftuplk;,Ue;Njh my;yJ cq;fs; mUfhikapYs;s

IP fhupahyaj;jpy; ,Ue;Njh mwpe;Jnfhs;syhk;.

2. mNjNtis ,g; gjpT Ntiyapy; ePq;fs;cq;fSf;F; cjt mDg tk; cs;s IPKftiu Ntiyf; fku;j;Jk; fl;lzKk;;

,q;F fzf; fpy; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

12

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

3. mNdf ehLfs; Ie;J tUlq;fSf; nfhUKiw jkJifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig

GJg;gpf;Fk; fl;lzj;ij ngw;W

jhgdq;fSf;F jkJ tbtikg;gpd;

gpuj;jpNaf cupikia toq;Ffpd;wd.

4. ntspehnlhd;wpy; gjpTnra;tjw;F Vw;gLk;nkhop ngau;g;G fl;lzKk; fpuaj;Jld;

Nru;f;fg;gLk;.

tbtikg;G fiyjpwNdhL nray; j pwd ;

Nkk;ghLk; nfhz ;bUg ; g pd ; vd;d nra;a

Ntz ;Lk ; ?xU nghUspd; nray;jpwd; Nkk;gl;bUg;gpd;

mjw;fhd gpuj;jpNaf ghJfhg;gpw;F Mf;f

cupikg; gj;jpuk; (patent) my;yJ gad;ghl;Lnkhly; ghJfhg;Gf;F tpz;zg;gpg;gJld; mjd;

njhopy; ghL ntspg;gilah apy;yhtplj;J

mij tpahghu ,ufrpakhf Ngz tpz;zg;gpf;f

Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU GJg;nghUspd; cw;gj;jpah

dJ njhopy; ghl;L Nkk;ghl;Lld; fiyj;jpDk;

fye;Jjhd; fhzg;gLk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F ePq;fs;

xU Gjpa nry; ypl njhiyNgrpia

tbtikj;J cs; sPu;fs; vd itj;Jf;

nfhhs;Nthk;. cq; fs; njhiyNgrp gyjug;gl;l

gFjpf spy; ,yj;jpuhdpay; Kd;Ndw;wq;fis

nfhz;Lk; ,Ug;gjdhy; mij Mf;f cupik

(pattern) %yk; ghJfhf;ftpa Yk;. cq;fs;njhiyNgrpapd; xup[pdy; tbtikg;G

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpy; gjpTnra;ag;glyhk;;.

,uz;bw;Fk; xNu Neuj;jpy; ehk; tpz;zg;gpf;f

,aYk;.

' Nokia

tbtik g ; G ghJfhg ;Gk; tp ahgh u

j e ;j p N u hg haKk;

xU tpahghu jhgdj;jpd; ifj;njhopy;

tbtikg;Gfs; vt;tpjk;> vg;NghJ> vq;Nf

ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lk; vd;w jPu;khdq;fs;

tbtikg;G Kfhikj;J tj;jpy; Kf;fpa

jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj; jyhk;;. vdNt xU

gue;Jgl;l tpahghu je;jpNuhghaj;jpy;

tbtikg;G ghJ fhg;G gw;wpa mk;rq;fs;

cs;slf; Fjy; mtrpak;;. cjhuzj;jpw;F

tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G tif mjd; fpuak;>

tbtikg;gpd; cupik> ghJfhg;gpd; tpidj;jpwd;

vd;gd gpd;tUk; jPu;khdk; xd;iw vLg;gjw;F

Kf;fpa fhuzpfshf mikayhk;.

tbtikg;ig Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F jhgdj;jpDs;

cs;s my;yJ ntspapypUe;J xU Kftiu

epakpj;jy.;;

Gjpa tbtikg;G gw;wpa Kjy; tpsk;guk;;>

re;ijg;gLj;jy;> fz; fhl;rpapy;

fhl;rpg;gLj;jy; Nghd;w tw;iw cupa

fhyj;jpy; nra;jy;.

vt;ntt; Vw;Wkjp re;ijfis ,yf;Fg;

gLj;Jfpd;Nwhk;.

nghUshjhu mD$yq;fisg; ngWk; Nehf;fpy;

mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; toq;F jy; kw;Wk;

tbtikg;G xd;iw tu;j;jf uPjpapy;

gad;gLj;j kw;w epWtdq;fis vg;NghJ

vg;gb mDkjpg;gJ.

13

mNdf cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; jkJ cw;gj;jpapd;

gy gFjpfis ntt; NtW mwpTrhu;

nrhj;jjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; ghJfhf;fpd;wdu;. vdpDk;

Mf;f cupikf;Fk;; / gad;ghl;L

khjpupAUtpw;Fk; ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpw;Fk;

cs;s mbg;gil NtWghLfis kdjpy;

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Mf;fcupikg;gj;jpuk;

/gad;ghL khjpupAUgj;jpuk; cw;gj;jpg;nghUspy;

fz;Lgpbf;fg; gl;l nray;ghl;L

Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk; ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G

ghJfhg;gh dJ mg;nghUspd; cUj;Njhw;wj;jpw;

Fk; ghJfhg;gspf;Fk;.

ifj;njhopy ; tbtikg;G ghJfhg ;g pw ;F

ahu ; tpz;zg;g pf ;fyhk ?nghJthf tbtikg;ig cUthf;fpa tu;

my;yJ xg;ge;j mbg;gilapy; Ntiy

nra;gtuhdhy; mtuJ gzp nfhs;Nthu;

tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;.tpz;zg;gj;jhup jdpeguhfNth

(c+ k; tbtikg;ghsu;) rl;lG+u;tkhf jhgpf;fg;

gl;l epiyakhfNth (c+ k; tpahghu jhgdk;)

,Uf;fyhk;. tpz;zg;gj;jhup Neuhf my;yJ

xUKft&lhf tpz;zg; gpf;fyhk;.

tpz;zg;g;jhup ntspehl;bd uhdhy; Kiwg;gb

mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Kft&lhf tpz;zg;gpf;f

Ntz;Lk;.

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg ;gpd; Nky;

mjpfhuKs ;st u; a hu?

tpNrl re;ju;g;gq;fisj; jtpu tbikg; ghsNu

tbtikg;gpd; Kjy; cupikah suhtu;.

cjhuzj;jpw;F mNdf ehLf spy; Ntiy

xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo; Copau; xUtu; tbtiksig

jdJ Ntiy Neuj;jpy; jhgdj;jpw;Fs;

Ntiyapd; xU gFjpahf cUthf;fpapUe;jhy;

tbtikg;Gk; mjd; cupikAk; Ntiy

nfhs;NthUf;Nf nre;jkhFk;. my;yJ

xU Kiwahd fbjj;jpd; %yk;

cjhuzk;: DURACELL1980fs; tiu DURACEL jhgdk;

my;fiyd; kpd;fyq;fis kl;LNk cw;gj;jp

nra;jJ. mf;fhyj;jpy; ,j; jhgdk; tbtikg;G

epGzu; xUtiu nghf;nfl;by; vLj;J

nry;yf;$ba Nlhr;iyl; xd;iw tbtikf;f

epakpj;J 1982y; mij re;ijg;gLj;jp aJ.

,uz;L tUlq;fspd; gpd;du; tb tikg;ghsu;

If;fpa ,uh[paj;jpd; tbtikg;ghsu; rigapd;

ntFkjp apid ntd;whu;. fle;j fhy ,il

ntspapy; xt;nthU re;ijf;Nfw;w NtWgl;l

Nlhr;iyl;fis gy;NtW khw;wq;fSld;

,j;jhgdk; re;ijg; gLj;jpAs;sJ. thypg

thbf;ifahs Uf;fhf gy;NtW tu;zq;fspYk;

$l ,tw;iw re;ijg;gLj;jpaJ.

,jd; cs;shu;e;j nrau;ghLfis Mf;f

cupik ghJfhg;gpw;$lhfTk; mjd; tbtikg;ig

jhd; tpw;gis nra;Ak; rfy ehLfspYk;

gjpTnra;J ghfhg;ig ngw;Ws;sJ.

Duracell fi

14

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

ifkhw;wg;glyhk;.

Xg;ge;j mbg;gilapy; ntspahu; xUtupdhy;

tbtikg;G cUthf;fg; gl;bUe;jhy;

mt;tbtikg;G mtiu epakpj;j jhgdj;jpw;Nf

rhjhuzkhf nre;jkhFk;. ,g;gbg;gl;l epiyapy;

ahu; tbtikg;ig mikf;Fk;gb epakpj;jhNuh

mtUf;Nf mJ cupik ahFk;. cz;ikahd

tbtikg;ghs NuhL Vw;glf;$ba VNjDk;

gpur;rid fs; Kjypy; Vw;gLj;jpa xg;ge;j

epakq;fis jpUk;g ghu;g;gjd; %yk;

jtpu;f;fyhk;.

tbtikg;ghsUf;F jdJ tbtikg;gpw;fhd

gpujpnra;jiy jLf;Fk; mjpfhuk; jhdhfNt

fpilg;gjdhy; ,ij xg;ge;jj;jpy; Nru;j;Jf;

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

gy tbtik g;Gf ;f is jdp xU tpz;

z g ; gg ; gbtj ;j pd ;%yk ; gjpay hk h ?

,jw;fhd tpil ehl;Lf;F ehL NtWgLfpd;wJ.

xNu cw;gj;jpia my;yJ tifia Nru;e;j

nghUl;fsh dhy; 10> 20 my;yJ mjw;F

Nkw;gl;l 50 tbtikg;Gf;fs; $l xNu tpz;zg;

gj;jpy; gjptpw;fhf tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;.

(15k; gf;fj;jpy; xNu tif nghUl;fspd;

ml;ltiziz ghu;f;f)

fjpiufs;> Nkirfs;> xg;gid Nkir fs; Nghd;wtw;iw

cjhuzk; TRAX

OMK Designs jhgdj;jhy; re;ijg;gLj; jg;gLk;TRAX nghJ ,Uf;iffSf; fhd tbtikg;Gnuhl;zp fpd;];kd; (Rodney Kinsman) vd;gtuhy;tbtikf; fg; gl;Ls;sJ. gpupj;jhdpa Gifapuj

Nrit nghJ[dq;fs; nrsfupakhf gazpf;fTk;

vLg;ghd Njhw;wj;ijAk; fhy epiyfSf;F

mT];jpNuypah> ngdyf;]; ehLfs;> n[u;kpdp>

,j;jhyp;> ag;ghd;> kw;Wk; If;fpa mnkupf;fh

Nghd;w ehLfspy;; ghJfhf;fpd;wJ.

vdNt OMK jhgdj;jpw;F re;ijgLj;jYf;fhdKOikahd jdpcupikia ,e;ehLfspy;

ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. mNjNtis ,j;jhgdk; rpy

ntspehl;L jhgdw;fSf;F TRAX ,Uf;iffiscw;gj;jp nra;aTk; tpw;gid nra;aTk; Mf;f

cupik fl;lzj;ij ngw;W cw;gj;jp nra;a

mDkjpaspj;Js;sJ.

Courtesy: TRAXfi

15

tbtikg;ig nfhz;l xd;whf

ghtpf;fg;gLk; nghUl;fs; vdTk; $wyhk;.

tcjhuzj;jpw;F ntl;Lk; fUtpfs;

(Ks;fuz;bfs;> fuz;bfs;) kw;Wk; fj;jpfs;)

tPl;Lg; ghtid nghUl;fs; (Kb cyu;j;Jk;;

fUtpAk; tprpW FoYk; nozzle J}upifAk;)

xU ghtidg; nghUs; tbtikg;gpy; mNdf

cUkhw;wq;fs; cs;sij ePq;fs; fhzyhk;.

vdNt rupahd ghJfhg;gpid nryT RUf;fkhf

vy;yh cUkhw;w NtisapYk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s

xU IP Kftupd; MNyhridNah my;yJ cupa

IP fhupahyaj;jpNyh ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.

ru ;t N j r ti fg ; gLj ;j y ; K iwik

,yFthf Gupe;Jnghs;s ifj;njhopy;

tbtikg;Gf;fs; $l;lq;fshf my;yJ gpupTfshf

tifg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sd. ve;j tifapd; fPo;

gjpa Ntz;Lk; vd cq;fs; tpz;zg;g gbtj;jpy;

Nfl;fg; glyhk;. ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gf;fSf;F

ru;tNjr tifg;gLj;jy; Kiwahd yf;fhu;Ndh

xg;ge;jj;jpidNa mNdf ehLfs; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wd.

gpd;dpizg;G II I ghu;f;fTk;. mj;Jld;

www.wipo.int/classifications/en/locarno/about/

ghu;f;fTk;.

ePq;fs; tbtikj;J mtw;iw ghJfhf;f

tpUk;gpd; mNdf ehLfspy; mit xNu tif

apid Nru;e;jgbahy; xU fl;lzj;jpy; xNu

tpz;zg;g gbtj;jpd; %yk; gjp ayhk;.

mNjNtis mjDldpizf; fg;gl;Ls;s xU

tpsf;ifAk; gjpa Ntz;Lkhdhy; ntt;Ntwhd

tpz;zg; gg; gbtk; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

vg;gbahfpYk; tpsf;Ffs; xNu tif apid

Nru;e;jitahf fzf;fplg;gL tjpy;iy.

nghJthf xt;nthU tb tikg;gpw;Fk;

ntt;Ntwhf fl;lzk; mwtpl;lhYk; mit

jdpj;jdpahd tpz;zg;gj;jpw;F nrytpLk;

njhifap Yk; kpff; FiwNt.

vdpDk; rpy ehLfspy; tbtikg;Gf; fSf;F

ntt;Ntwhd tpz;zfg;gq; fis NfhUtu;.

,tw;wpy; mNdf ehLfspy; jdpnahU

tbtikg;gpw;F jdpahd tpz;zg;gj;ij

NfhupdhYk; mjpy; mNdf cU khw;wq;fis

nra;a mDkjpf;fpd;wd. NtW ehLf spy;

,t;tbtikg;Gf;fs; xU njhF jpg;

nghUl;fSf;fhdjhapd; jdptb tikg;G

tpjpapypUe;J tpyf;fspf;fg; gLfpd;wd.

cUkhw;wq;fs; vd;Dk; NghJ xUnghUspd;

tbtikg;G> ngU khw;wnkJTk; ngwhj

epiyapid $wyhk;. c+k; xNu tifahd

fhjzpfspy; xd;W JthuKs;s fhjpw;Fk;

kw;wJ cUtj;jpy; khw;wkpd;wp Jthukw;w

fhjpw;F mzptjw;fhf ,Ug;gJ Nghy.

njhFjp; vd;Dk; NghJ xNu nghJ

Fzhjpraj;ijf; nfhz;l xd;whf

vz;zg;gLk; nghUl;fs; my;yJ xNu

16

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

Ntnw hUtUf;F cq;fs; ifj ;n j hopy;

tbtik g ;ig nfhLf;f y hk h?ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;;Gf;fis mjd;

cupikahsu; NtW egu; xUtUf;F>

,UtUf;Fkpilapy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l gu];gu

cld;gbf;ifapd; gpufhuk; khj;jpuk; ghtpg;gjw;F

mDkjpaspf; fyhk;. ,g;gbg;gl;l Ntisfspy;

rk;ge;jg;gl;l ,U gFjpapdUf;Fk; ,ilapy;

vt;ntt; gFjpfspy; my;yJ vt;ntt;

epge;jidfspd; mbg;gilapy;

mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;ltu; ,aq;f

mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;Ls;shu; vd;w xg;ge;jk;

xd;W ifr;rhj; jplg;gLk;.

mNjNtis mt;nthg;ge;j mDkjp ngw;wtu;

vt;ntt; ehLfSf;F; mt; tbtikg;ig

ghtpf;fyhk; vd;w fl; Lg;ghLk; mDkjpapd; fhy

vy;iyAk; vd;ndd;d tifahd cw;gj;jpg;

nghUs;fSf;F mJ kl;Lg; gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ

vd;gdTk; Fwpg;gplg; gl;b Uf;Fk;.

ntspehnlhd;wpy; cq;fsJ ifj;njhopy;

tbtikg;;Gf;fis gpup njhU egUf;F

ghtpg;gjw;F mDkjp aspf;F Kd; me;ehl;by;

cq;fsJ tbtikg;G gjpag;gl;L my;yJ

tpz;zg;gpf;fg; gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

kw;wtu;fs; cq;fsJ tbtikg;Gf; fis

ghtpf;f mDkjpaspj;jy; %yk; cq;fSf;F

Nkyjpf tUkhdj;ij ngw;Wf;;nfhs;tNjhL

cq;fs; tbt ikg;gpd; Nky; $ba

mjpfhuj;ijAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpd; mDk jpapid

NtnwhUtUf;F nfhLf;Fk; NghJ

ntspNjhw;wj;ij kl;Lky;yhJ midj;J

mk;rq;fisAk; cs;s lf;Fk; xg;ge;jj;ij

Nkw;nfhs;S fpd;wdu;.

3. nnttssppeehhLLffssppyy;; ttbbttiikkgg;;iigggghhJJffhhjj;;jjyy;;

ntspehLfspy; Vd; tbtik g;i g

ghJfhf;f Ntz ;Lk ; ?

cq;fsJ jhgdk; ntspehl;bw;F cw;gj;jpia

Vw;Wkjp nra;tjhdhy; my;yJ ntspehl;L

jhgdj;jpw;F nghUl; fis cw;gj;jp nra;a>

tpw;gidnra;a> my;yJ NtnwhU jhgdj;jpw;F

Vw;Wkjp nra;a mDkjpaspf;Fk; NghJ me;ehL

fspnyy;yhk; nrhe;j ehl;by; tbtikg; ig

ghJfhg;gJ Nghd;W mt;tbtikg; ig

ghJfhj;jy; Fwpj;J rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

c q;fs; ifj;n jhopy; tbtikg;i g

ntspehLfspy; vg ;gb ghJfhf;fy hk ?

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;;G ghJfhg;G xU

gpuNjrj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ ve;j

ehl;by; mJ Kjypy; ntspg;gl;lNjh

me;ehl;by; mJ gjpag;gl;L

ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt ePq;fs; NtW

ehLfSf;F; mg;nghUis Vw;Wkjp nra;a

vj;jdpg;gPu;fshapd; me;ehLfspnyy;yhk; mjd;

ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

cq;fs; tbtikg;ig Kjy; tbtikjj ehl;by;

gjpTnra;J MW khj fhyj;jp;d; gpd;dNw

ntspehLfspy; gjpT nra;Jnfhs;s Kd;Dhpdk;

mjpfhyhk;. ,f;fhy ,ilntspapd; gpd;

,e;ehLfspy; ,t;tbtikg;ig GjpaJ vd fUjp

gjpatpayhJ.

17

ntspehLfspy; cq;fs; ifj;njhopy;

tbtikg;;Gf;fis %d;W tpjj;jpy;

ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.

1. Njrpa khu;f;fk;: jhgdq;fspd; tbtikg;Gvt;ntt; ehLfspy; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;

vd vz;Zfpd;wPu;fNsh me;ehLfspYs; s IP

fhupahyaq;fspy; jdpj;jdp ahf gjpe;J

ghJfhg;ig ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;. ,k; Kiw

rpf;fyhd Jk; mt;tt; ehLfspd; nkhopapy;

tbtikg;G gw;wpa tpguj;ij

nkhopngau;j;jy;> epu;thf kw;Wk;

rl;lhf;fq;fs; njhlu;ghd nryT cl;gl

nryTkpf;f njhd;whFk;.

2. gpuhe;jpa khu;f;fk;: xu; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy;$l;bize;Js;s ehLfspy; cq;fs;

tpahghuj;ij Nehf;fhf

nfhz;bUg;gPu;fshdhy; mf;$l;L ehLfspd;

gpuhe;jpa IP fhupahyaj; jpy; xU

tpz;zg;gj;ij rku;g;gpg; gjd; %yk; me;

ehLfspy; ghJ fhg;ig ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.

gpuhe; jpa fhupahyaq;fs; gpd;tUk;

$l;Lf;fisAk; cs;slf;Fk;:

Mq;fpy nkhop NgRk; Mgpupf;f ehLfspd;

gpuhe;jpa ifj;njhopy; nrhj;Jf; fhupahyak;

(African Regional Industrtial Property Office -ARIPO)

ngy;[pak;> neju;yhe;J kw;Wk; yf;rk;Ngu;f;

ehLfSf;fhd ngdyf;]; tbtikg;Gf;

fhupahyak; (Benelux Designs Office-BDO)

INuhg;gpa A+dpad; ehLfspd; cs;@u;

re;ijfis xOq;FgLj;Jk; mikg;Gf;fspd;

$l;Lupik fhupahyak; (Office forHarmanisation in the Internal Market -OHIM)

gpnuQ;R nkhop NgRk; Mgpupf;f ehLfspd;

Mgpupf;f mwpTrhu; nrhj;Jupikf;

fhupahyak; (Organisation Africaine de laPropriété interllectuelle - OAPI)

gpuhe;jpa IP fhupahyaq;fspd; kpd; mQ;ry;fis

gpd;dpizg;G I y; fhz;f

3. ru;tNjr khu;f;fk;: ru;tNjr ehLfspy; jkJtbtikg;ig gjpTnra;a vj;jdpf;Fk;

tbtikg;G jhgdq;fs; ifj;njhopy;

tbtikg;Gf;fis ru;t Njr mstpy;

ghJfhg;ghf itf;Fk; `hu;Nf WIPOxg;ge;jj;ijAk; ghtpf;fyhk;. xU mq;fj; Jt

ehl;bd; jhgdnkhd;W WIPO tpw;F jdpnahUtpz;zg;gj;ij rku;g;gpg;gjd; %yk;

tpz;zg;gj;juup tpUk;GtJ Nghy mNdf

ehLfspy; ,yFthfTk; ,yhgfukhfTk;

jdJ tbtikg;ig ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;

wJ. `hu;Nf xg;ge;jk; gw;wpAk;> mq; fj;Jt

ehLfspd; epuiyAk; tpz; zg;gg;

gbtj;ijAk; WIPO ,izaj skhd

www.wipo.int/hague/. ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;

`hu;Nf xg;ge;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;

tbtikg;Gfhis ghJfhf;f Vw;gLk; fpuak;

njupT nra;ag;gl;l tbt ikg;Gf;fspd

vz;zpf;ifapYk; ehLf spd; vz;zpf;ifapYk;

Neubahf njhlu;GilaJ.

18

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

cjhuzj;jpw;F 11 ehLfspy; Ie;J

tbtikg;Gf;fis `hu;Nf Kiwapy; gjpT

nra;a fpl;lj;jl;l 900 Rtp]; gpuhq;Ffs;

nrythFk;.

4. ifj;njhopy; tbtikg; Gf;fis mKy;gLj;Jjy;

cq; fs; tbt i k g; Gf ;fi s gpd; g w ; w p >

g pujpnra;J> m y;yJ N g hyp a hf

j a hupj ; j pU e ;j hy; v t; tp j j ; jpy ; cq ;f s;

c upi k i s m K y; g L j; J tP u ;f s; ?ifj;njhopy; mwpTrhu; nrhj;Jupikia mKy;

gLj;Jjy; xU rpf;fyhd fhupakhj yhy; IPrk;ge;jkhd xU rl;ljuzp apd; MNyhridia

ngWjy; crpj khdJ. Nghypfis re;ijapy;

fz;fh zpg;gJk; mjw;nfjpuhf eltbf;if

vLj;jYk; tbtikg;gpd; cupikahs Uf;Nf

ru;tNjr tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G2001k; Mz;by; `hu;Nf Kiwapy; ru;tNjr

uPjpapy; jkJ tbtikg;Gf; fis mjpfkhf

gjpTnra;j 10 tbtikg;ghsu;fshf Rth~; FOkk;

(Swatch Group), ,d;Bupau; (Interior),ntspehLfspy; nrhzp (Sony Overseas),n`u;k;]; (Hermes)> nlapk;yu; fpup];yu;(Daimler Chrysler) nehf;fpah (Nokia) tpy;yNuhAk;Ngh\;\_k;AG (Villeroy+Boch AG)> nksspndf;];(Moulinex)> gpypg;]; vnyf;Nuhdpf;];; (PhilipsElectronics) kw;Wk; rynkhD khFk; (Salomon).mt;tUlj;ljpy; Rth~; FOkk; 103 tbtikg;Gf;

fSf;fhd gjptpid ngw;W Mff;$ba

ghtidahsuhdJ.

,f; iffbfhuj;jpd; tpNr~khd Njhw;wk;

mijnahj;j kw;iwa fbfhuq;fSf; nfjpuhf

thbf;ifah su;fshy; ftug;gLtjhf cs;sJ.

vdNt Rth~; Nghd;w jhgdq;fs; jkJ

tbtikg;Gf;fSf;fhf mjpf gzj;ijAk;

epGzj;Jtj;ijAk; nrytpLtNjhL mNdf

ehLfspy; jkJ tbtikg;gf;fspd; Nky;

jdpg;gl;l cupikiaAk; epiyepWj;jpf;

nfhs;fpd;wd.

cupanjd;gij kdjpy; nfhs;sy; mtrpak;.

NtWtpjj;jpy; $Wtjhdhy; re;ijapy; cq;fs;

tbtikg;G gw;wpa fz;fhzpg;Gk;> NghypfisAk;

mriyNghd;w Vkhw;W nghUl;fisAk;

fz;lwpjYk; mjw;nf jpuhf eltbf;if

vLj;jy;> vt;tpjj; jpy;> vg;Ngh vd;gij

jPu;khdpg;gJ ePq;fNs.

xU IP rl;ljupzp cq;fs; ehl;by; cq;fsJ

Nghd;w> Nghypahd> gfl;L Vkhw;W

nghUl;fSf;nfjpuhf vt;tpjj; jpy; eltbf;if

vLf;fyhk; vd;gjw;Fk; vt;tpjj;jpy;

gpur;ridia jPu;f;fyhk; vd;gjw;Fk; MNyhrid

toq;f jFjpahdtuhFk;.

rl;l tpNuhj mj;JkPwy; xd;W ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ

Courtesy: Swatch A G

19

vd ek;Gkplj;J Kjy; gbahf mj;jkPwy;

eltbf;ifia cldbahf epWj;Jk;gb fbjk;

xd;W vt;tpjj;jpy; mg;Nghypg; nghUs; cq;fs;

jdpegu; cupikia ghjpf;fpd;wJ vd;w

tpguj;Jld; mDg;gg;gLk;. ,g;gbg;gl;l fbjk;

xd;iw tiuAk; NghJ xU rl;l epGzupd;

MNyhrid ngwg;gLjy; crpjkhdJ. mjd;

gpd;dUk; rl;ltpNuhj Mf;fpukpg;G njhlUkhdhy;

mt; Mf;fpukpg;Gf; fhuUf;F vjpuhf rl;l

eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;b tuyhk;.

,g;gbg;gl;l mj;JkPwy; eltbf;if Vw;gl;Ls;s

gpuNjrj;ij ,dk; fz;L nfhz;lhy; ePjpkd;w

mjpfhuj; JlNdh nghyPrhUlNdh mg;gpuNjrj;

jpy; jpBu; Nrhjid elhj;jp mg;Nghyp fis

jahupf;Fk; jhgdj;jpw;Nfh jdp egUf;Nfh Kd;

mwptpj;jypd;wp Nghypfis ifg;gw;wyhk;.

ru;tNjr mstpy; Nghypahf mj;JkPwp

jahupf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fis ,wf;Fkjp

nra;tjw;F vjpuhf tbtikg;ghsUf;F mNdf

ehLfspy; Rq;f ,yhfh %yk; jilnra;tjw;F

tha;g;Gf;fs; cz;L.

mj;JkPwy; %yk; jahupf;fg;gl;l Nghypahd

nghUl;fs; fz;L gpbf;fg; gl;lhy; xU rl;l

ty;Ydupd; MNyhridia ngWjy;

crpjkhdJ.

5. ifj;njhopy;tbtikg;Gf;fis

ghJfhg;gjw;fhd kw;iwa

rl;lf; fUtpfs;

gjpg;Gupik rl;lj;jpw;Fk; tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G

rl;lj;jpw;F kpilapy; cs;s NtWghLfs;

ahit ?rpy ehLfspy; gjpg;Gupik rl;lkhdJ rpy tif

rpj;jpuq;fisAk; rl;lg;gb cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.

cjhuzj; jpw;F Jzpfspy; Nghlg;gLk;

rpj;jpuq;fs;.

Image du catalogue ASEAN Sheyda l enverra

mNdf ehLfs; jpuz;l ghJfhg;G (gjpg;Gupik

rl;lKk; ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G

rl;lKk;) rl;lj;jpd; %yk; xNu tbtikg;ig

ghJfhf;fpd;wd. NtW rpy ehLfspy; ,uz;L

tifahd ghJfhg;G jdpg;gl;lj;fTk;

gpuj;jpNafkhdjhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.

jPu;khdk; vLf;FKd; Kjypy; ,uz;L tifahd

ghJfhg;gpw;Fk; ,ilapYs;s NtWghLfis; ed;F

tpsq;fpf;nfs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. rpy Kf;fpa

NtWghLfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.

20

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

gjpT nra;jy;

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G rl;lj; jpw;fika

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg; Gf;fs; kf;fs;

ghtpg;gpw;F tplg;gL tjw;F Kd;djhf

Fiwe;jgl;rk; ve;j ehl;by; ghJfhg;G

Nfhug;gl; lNjh me;ehl;by; gjpT nra;ag;

gl;bUj;jy; mtrpak;. ifj;njhopy;

tbtikg;Gr; rl;ljpw;F mika

nfhLf;fg;gLk; mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; mj;J

kPWjy;fs; eilngWk; NghJ mijf;nfhz;L

cq;fs; gpuj;jpNaf cupikia ];jpug;gLj;

j kpfTk; gpuNah[d Ks;sjhf mikAk;.

%yg;gpujpahf fhzg;gLk; Ntiyf Sf;F

gjpg;Gupik xU rk;gpujha Kiwahf

fhzg;gLtNjhL gjpT nra;jy;

ghJfhg;gpw;fhf khj;jpuk;; my;y vd;gjid

ftdj;jpy; vLf;fTk;. rpy ehLfspy;

cq;fs; tbtikg;ig itg;gpy; itj;J

mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpuk; nfhLf;Fk; KiwAk;

filgpbf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

fhyk;

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G ve;j

ehl;by; Nfhug;gLfpd;wNjh mt;tt; ehl;bd;

rl;lq;fSf;fika 10 Kjy; 25 tUlq;fs;

kl;Lk; ePbf;Fk;. ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;

igg; gjptjw;F rpyfhyk; vLf;Fk;

vd;gjidAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;f.

mNjNtis mit ePbj;J epw;fhj et

ehfuPf nghUl;fs; njhlu;gpy; nghUe;jhJ.

mNdf ehLfspy; gjpg;Gupik Mf;fpNahdpd;

[Ptpafhyk; kl;Lkd;wp mtupd; kuzj;jpd;

gpd; 50 my;yJ 70 tUlq;fs; tiu

ePbf;Fk;.

ghJfhg;gpd; tpahgfk;

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;ig gjpT nra;tjd;

%yk; mjd; cupikah su; rk;G+u;z

cupikia mt;tbt ikg;gpd; kPJ

ngWfpd;w gbahy; vtNuDk; mwpe;Njh

mwpahkNyh gpujpnra;jhy; mj;JkPwpajhf

fhzg;gLtu;.

Gjpg;Gupik ghJfhg;G ngw;w xUtu; jd;

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l tiuglj;jpw;F xj;j

my;yJ gpujpnra;ag;gl;l gpujp vd;gij

ep&gpf;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.

nghUl;fspd; tiffs;

mNdfkhd ehLfspy; vy;yh

tbtikg;Gf;fSk; Kf;fpakhf fiyrhu;ghd

gilg;Gfs; gjpg;Gupik rl;lj;jpw;F mika

ghJfhf;f ,ayhJ. ,tw;wpw;F ,ilapy;

NtWghLfis gpupj;jwpjy; fbdk;.

cw;gj;jpg; nghUspd; KbG Njhw;wj; jpid

gjpg;Gupik rl;lj;jpw;fika gjpa

,ayhjNghJ [Tsp tbt ikg;Gf;fs;

,Utif ghJfhg;igAk; mNdfkhf

ngWfpd;wd

fpuak;

ve;nje;j ehLfspy; cq;fs; tbtikg;ig

ghJfhf;f gjpa Ntz;LNkh mt;tt;

ehLfSf;fhd tpz;zg;gf; fl;lzj;ij

nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; rpyNtis

IP Kftu; xUtiu gbtq;fis G+u;j;jp

21

cjhuzk;: 80% gpupj;jhdpa [Tsp

cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; jkJ [Tsp cw;gj; jpf;fhd

rpj;jpu tbtikg;Gf;fspd; %y gpujpfis

gjpg;Gupik rl;lj;jpd; gb cupikia

epiyepWj;j ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUg;gjhf

njuptpj;jdu;.

tpahghur; rpd;d rl;lk; vg;NghJ cq;fs;

tbtikg;ig ghJfhf;Fk?tpahghu rpd;dk; xUjhgdj;jpd; cw;gj;jpg;

nghUl;fs; kw;iwa jhgd nghUl;fspy; epd;W

Ntwhf vLj;Jf; fhl;l xU rpd;dj;ijNah

my;yJ nrhy;iyNah my;yJ ,uz;Lk;

fye;jjhfNth ,Uf;Fk; milahskhFk;.

rpyNtisfspy; tbtk; my;yJ nghjp

nra;ag;gl;l Kiw mg;nghUspd; jdpf;

Fzhjprakhf nfhs;sg;gl;L Kg;gupkhz

tpahghu rpd;dkhf ghJfhf;fg;glyhk;. nfhf;fh

Nfhyhtpd; Nghj;jYk;> nlhgpsNuhd;

(Toblerone) rhf;yl;bd; Kf;Nfhz tbTk;

,jw;F cjhuzkhf nfhs;syhk;.

nra;a mku;j;j Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. mg;NghJ

mjw;nfd Nkyjpf nryNtw;gLk;.

mNdfkhd ehLfspy; gjpg;Gupik

rl;lj;jpw;fika Kiwahd gjpT fs;

,y;yhj gbapdhy; Neubahd fpuak;

mq;fpy;iy. MapDk; (m) tiuglj;ij

itg;gpy; itj;J mj;jhl;rpgj;jpuk; toq;Fk;

ehLfspy; (M) ru;r;irfs; Vw;gL ifapy;

gjpg;Gupikia epiy epWj;j nryTfs;

Mfyhk;.

RUf;fkhf $Wk;NghJ gjpT nra;ag; gl;l

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpw;fhd ghJfhg;G

ty;yik nghUe;jpajhfTk; jw;nrayhf

nra;ag;gl;l Mf;fpukpg;Gf; nfjpuhfTk;

ghJfhg;gspg;gNjhL gjpT mj;jhl;rpg;gj;jpuk;

rl;l tpNuhj mj;J kPWjYf;F vjpuhd Kf;fpa

rhl;rpahf mikfpd;wJ. mjid ngWtjw;F

epjp nryTk; Kfhikj;Jt Kaw;rpAk;

NjitahdJld; mJ nfhLf;Fk; ghJfhg;G

fhy vy;iyAk; FiwthdjhFk;.

tbtikg;ig ghJfhf;f gjpT Nkw;nfhs;sg;

glhtplj;J mt;tiuglk; jahupg;gjpy; Vw;gl;l

xt;nthU gbepiyiaAk; rupahd jpfjpapl;L

Kiwgb ifnahg;gkpl;L Mtzfhg;gpy;

itf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd; rl;l tpNuhj mj;J kPWjy;

elf;Fk; Ntisapy; cupa eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;s cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;.

Tobleronefi which is a trademark registered bythe Kraft Foods Group '1986

22

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

xU tpahghu rpd;dk; Kg;gupkhz rpd;dkh

vd;gij fz;lwpa IP Kftupd; cjtpia

ehLtJ crpjkhapUf;Fk;.

tbtikg;G ghJfhg;G xU FWfpa fhy vy;iy

tuk;Gf;Fl;gl;ljhf (10-25 tUlq;fs;)

,Uf;ifapy; tpahghu rpd;dq;fs; jpUk;gj;

jpUk;g fhy tiuapd;wp GJg;gpf;ff; $bajhf

,Ug;gjhy; $ba mD$ykhapUf; fpd;wJ.

tpahghu rpd;dj;ij gjptjw; Fk; tbtikg;ig

gjptjw;Fk; ,il apy; fhak; tpj;jpahrg;gLk;.

rl;lKiwikfspd; gb ,Utif ghJfhg;Gk;

,ize;jpUf;fyhk;.

Kiwaw;w Nghl;bf;nfjpuhd rl;lq;fs;

cq;fs; tbtikg;ig ghJfhf;Fkh ?

mNdf ehLfspy; ifj;njhopy; tbt ikg;Gf;fs;

Kiwaw;w Nghl;bf;nfjp uhd rl;lq;fshy;

ghJfhf;fg;gl;L Kiwaw;w Nghl;bfis

jtpu;f;fpd;wd. Kf;fpakhf ePr;rj;jdkhd

gpujpnra;j iyAk; Fog;gijijAk; Nghypfs;

jahupj;jiyAk; my;yJ %d;whk; egupd;

nry;thf;if gohf;FjiyAk; jLf;fpd;wd.

vg;gbahfpYk; ,r;rl;lj; jpd; gpufhuk; fpilfLk;

ghJfhg;G gytPdkhdJk; rl;l tpNuhj

mj;JkPWjy;fis ep&gpj;jYk; fbdkhdjhFk;.

23

mDge;jk; 1 – gad;jUk; ,izaj;jsq;fs;

Nkyjpf tpguq;fSf;F:

tHj;jf Nehf;fpw;fhd Vida mwpTrhh; nrhj;Jhpikfs;:

w w w.wipo.int/sme/

njhopy;Jiw tbtikg;Gfs;:

w w w.wipo.int/about-ip/en/

ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;Gfis gjpT nra;tJld; njhlHGila> gpuhe;jpa kw;Wk;

Njrpa hPjpapy; mike;Js;s mwpTrhh; nrhj;Jhpik mYtyfq;fs; gw;wp mwpa

w w w.wipo.int/directory/en/urls.jsp

njhopw;Jiw tbtikg;G rHtNjr itg;Gld; gw;wpa `Fap Xg;ge;jk;:

w w w.wipo.int/hague/en/

njhopw;Jiw tbtikg;G rHtNjr itg;Gld; njhlHGila yfHNdh Xg;ge;jk;:

w w w.wipo.int/classifications

(yfHNdh Xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo;)

kj;jpa];jk; kw;Wk; eLepiy:

http://arbiter.wipo.int/

24

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

gpd; ,izg;G I I - ,izaj;js tpyhrq;fsNjrpa gpuhe;jpa mwpTrhu; nrhj;Jupik fhupahyaq;fs;.

Mgpupf;f mwpTrhu; nrhj;J fofk w w w.oapi.wipo.net

my;[Pupah w w w.inapi.org

my;ghdpah w w w.alpto.gov.al

mz;Nlhuh w w w.ompa.ad

Mu;[d;ildh w w w.inpi.gov.ar

Mu;Nkdpah w w w.armpatent.org

mT];jpNuypah w w w.ipaustralia.gov.au

x];wpah w w w.patent.bmvit.gv.at

g`Nud; w w w.gulf-patent-office.org.sa/bahrainframe.htm

ghu;gNlh]; w w w.caipo.org

ngyhup]; w w w.belgospatent.org/english/about/history.html

ngy;[pak; w w w.mineco.fgov.be

ngy;]p w w w.belipo.bz

ngdpyf;]; w w w.boip.int

ngzpd; w w w.oapi.wipo.net

ngyPtpah w w w.senapi.gov.bo

nghl;];thdh w w w.aripo.org

gpNurpy; w w w.inpi.gov.br

gy;Nupah w w w.bpo.bg

Gu;fpdh gN]h w w w.oapi.wipo.net

GWz;b w w w.oapi.wipo.net

fk;G+r;rpah w w w.moc.gov.kh

fkNwhz w w w.oapi.wipo.net

fdlh w w w.opic.gc.ca

kj;jpa Mgpupf;f FbauR w w w.oapi.wipo.net

rhl; w w w.oapi.wipo.net

rpyp w w w.dpi.cl

rPdh w w w.sipo.gov.cn

rPdh(nfhq;nfhq -SAR) w w w.ipd.gov.hk

rPdh (kf;fhNth) w w w.economia.gov.mo

rPdh (khu;f;];) w w w.saic.gov.cn

nfhnyhk;gpah w w w.sic.gov.co

nfhq;Nfh w w w.oapi.wipo.net

nfh];lh wpf;fh w w w.registronacional.go.cr

25

Nfhl; By;Nthup w w w.oapi.wipo.net

nfhNuh~pah w w w.dziv.hr

fpA+gh w w w.ocpi.cu

irg;gpu]; w w w.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/drcor/drcor.nsf

nrf; FbauR w w w.upv.cz

nfhq;Nfh [dehaf FbayR w w w.oapi.wipo.net

nld;khu;f w w w.dkpto.dk

nlhkpdpad; FbauR w w w.seic.gov.do/onapi

vfpg;J w w w.egypo.gov.eg

vy; ry;thNlhu; w w w.cnr.gobs.sv

v];Nlhdpah w w w.epa.ee

,A+uh]pad; Mf;fcupik fhupahyak w w w.eapo.org

INuh;gpa A+dpad;(cs;@u; re;ijia

xOq;fikj;jy; OHIM) w w w.oami.eu.int

gpd;yhe;J w w w.prh.fi

gpuhd;] w w w.inpi.fr

fNghz; w w w.oapi.wipo.net

nfk;gpah w w w.aripo.org

[pNah[pah w w w.sakpatenti.org.ge

N[u;kdp w w w.dpma.de

fhzh w w w.aripo.org

fpuP]; ehL w w w.obi.gr

n`hd;Luh] w w w.sic.gob.hn/pintelec/indice.htm

`q;Nfhup w w w.mszh.hu/english/index.html

I];yhe;J w w w.patent.is/focal/webguard.nsf/key2/indexeng.html

,e;jpah w w w.ipindia.nic.in

,e;NjhdPrpah w w w.dgip.go.id

mau;yhe;J w w w.patentsoffice.ie

,];uNty; w w w.justice.gov.il

,j;jhyp w w w.uibm.gov.it

n[nka;fh w w w.jipo.gov.jm

ag;ghd; w w w.jpo.go.jp

N[hu;jhd; w w w.mit.gov.jo

f]f];jhd; w w w.kazpatent.org/english

nfd;dpah w w w.aripo.org

Fnta;l; w w w.gulf-patent-office.org.sa

yhNth[pa kf;fs; FbauR w w w.stea.la.wipo.net

yjPtpah w w w.lrpv.lv

26

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

nygdhd; w w w.economy.gov.lb

ypNrhNjh w w w.aripo.org

ypr;nrd;];Bd; w w w.european-patent-office.org

ypj;Jthdpah w w w.vpb.lt

yf;];]k;Nghu;f w w w.etat.lu/ec

kyhtp w w w.aripo.org

kNyrpah w w w.mipc.gov.my

khyp w w w.oapi.wipo.net

nkf;rpf;Nfh w w w.impi.gob.mx

nkhdhf;Nfh w w w.european-patent-0ffice.org/patlib/country/monaco

nkghd;NldpFNuh w w w.yupat.sv.gov.yu

nkhuhf;Nfh w w w.ompic.org.ma

nkhrhk;gpf w w w.aripo.org

ekPgpah w w w.aripo.org

neghy; w w w.ip.np.wipo.net

neju;yhe;J w w w.octrooicentrum.nl

epA+rPyhe;J w w w.iponz.govt.nz

iefu; w w w.oapi.wipo.net

Nehu;Nt w w w.patentstyret.no

Xkhd; w w w.gulf-patent-office.org.sa

gdhkh w w w.digerpi.gob.pa

NgU w w w.indecopi.gob.pe

gpypg;igd;] w w w.ipophil.gov.ph

Nghyhe;J www.business.gov.pl/Intellectual,property,protection,90.html

Nghj;Jf;fy; w w w.inpi.pt

fl;lhu; w w w.gulf-patent-office.org.sa

nfhupa FbauR w w w.kipo.go.kr

nkhy;Njhth FbauR w w w.agepi.md

nwhkhdpah w w w.osim.ro

&rpaFbauRfs w w w.rupto.ru

Nrd; tpd;rd;l kw;Wk; fpudPbd;] 196.1.161.62/govt/cipo/index.asp

rTjp mNugpah w w w.gulf-patent-office.org.sa

nrdfy; w w w.oapi.wipo.net

Nru;gpah w w w.yupat.sv.gov.yu

rPuh nyNdhd w w w.aripo.org

rpq;fg;G+u; w w w.ipos.gov.sg

Rnyhtpf; FbauR w w w.indprop.gov.sk

27

RNyhtPdpah w w w.uil-sipo.si/Default.htm

Nrhkhypah w w w.aripo.org

njd; Mgpupf;fh w w w.cipro.gov.za

];ngapd; w w w.oepm.es

Rlhd; w w w.aripo.org

Rth]ptyhe;J w w w.aripo.org

RtPld; w w w.prv.se

Rtpl;ru;yhe;J w w w.ige.ch

rPupad; mNugpa FbauR w w w.himaya.net

j[pfp];jghd; w w w.tipat.org

jha;yhe;J w w w.ipthailand.org

Kd;dhs; nrf;nfh];NyhNtf;fpa

Fbaurhd nkrpNlhdpah w w w.ippo.gov.mk

NlhNfh w w w.oapi.wipo.net

bupdplhl;Lk; nlhghNfhTk; w w w.ipo.gov.tt/home.asp

^dP]pah w w w.inorpi.ind.tn

JUf;fp w w w.turkpatent.gov.tr

Nju;nkdp];jhd; w w w.eapo.org

cfz;lh w w w.aripo.org

cf;Nuapd; w w w.sdip.gov.ua

If;fpa mNugpa vkpNul;Lf;fs; w w w.gulf-patent-office.org.sa

If;fpa ,uhr;rpak; w w w.patent.gov.uk

If;fpa ju;]hzpa FbauR w w w.aripo.org

If;fpa mnkupf;fh w w w.uspto.gov

cUNf w w w.dnpi.gub.uy

c];ngf;fp];jhd; w w w.patent.uz

ntdp];Ryh w w w.sapi.gov.ve

nakd; w w w.most.org.ye

rhk;gpah w w w.aripo.org

rpk;ghNt w w w.aripo.org

Fwpg;G:

NkYk; rupahd tpgukwpa www.wipo.int/members/en/ kw;Wk

www.wipo.int/directory/en/urls.jsp vd;w jsq;fis juprpf;fTk;.

28

ww

w.wipo.int/sme/

gpd;dpizg;G III - yf;fhu;Ndhxg;ge;jk;

yf;fhu;Ndh ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpw;fhd ru;tNjr tifg;gLj;jy; xg;ge;jk;;

tifg;gLj;jy; gl;bay;.1. czTg; nghUl;fs;

2. cLGlitfSk; rpy;yiu cLg;G tpahghuKk;

3. gazg;nghjpfs; Ntnwq;Fk; Fwpg;gplhj ciwfs; Filfs; Nghd;w jdpg;gl;l ghtid

nghUl;fs;

4. Jilg;gq;fs;

5. ntl;Lj;Jzpfs;. ,aw;ifahd nraw;ifahd nraw;ifahd tpupg;Gfs;

6. jsghlq;fs;

7. Ntnwq;Fk; Fwpg;glglhj tPl;L ghtidg;nghUl;fs;

8. cgfuzq;fSk; Aj;j jsghlq;fSk;

9. nghUl;fis vLj;Jnry;y Njitahd nghjpfs; my;yJ fd;nla;du;fs;

10. kzpf;$Lfs;> iff;fbfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; mstpLk; cgfuzq;fs;

11. mzpfyq;fs;

12. Nghf;Ftuj;J rhjdq;fs;

13. kpd;cw;gj;jp> tpepNahfk; kw;Wk; jd;ik khw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;

14. xypg;gjpT> njhlu;ghly;> jfty; njlu;G rhjdq;fs;

15. ntW ,lq;fspy; Fwpg;gplhj ,ae;jpu rhjdq;fs;

16. Gifg;gl. rpdpkh kw;Wk; xspAld; njhlughd rhjdq;fs;

17. thj;jpa fUtpfs;

18. mr;R kw;Wk; fhupahya cgfuzq;fs;

19. fhfpjhjpfs; kw;Wk; fhupahya cgfuzq;fs;

20. tpw;gid> tpsk;guq;fSf;fhd cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; FwpaPLfs;

21. tpisahl;Lf;fs;. tpisahl;L nghUl;fs; nld;l; Nghd;wit

22. NghuhAjq;fs;> thdNtbf;iffs;> Ntl;ilahl ghtpf;Fk; nghUl;fs; kPd; gpbf;f kw;Wk;

fpUkp ehrdpfs;

23. jputg;nghUl;fis tpepNahfpf;Fk; rhjdq;fs;>#lhf;Fk; Fsp&l;Lk; rhjdq;fs; kw;Wk;

jplnghUspyhd vupnghUs;

24. itj;jpa> gupNrhjid$l cgfuzq;fs;

25. fl;bl jsghlq;fSk; cgfuzq;fSk;

26. xspA+l;Lk; rghjdq;fs;

27. GifapiyAk; Gif gpbf;f ghtpf;Fk; nghUl;fSk;

28. kUe;J kw;Wk; moF rhdq;fs; kw;Wk; Fspay; rhjdq;fs;

29. mopTfSf;nfjpuhf ghtpf;f $ba cgfuzq;fs;> tpgj;Jf;fs; jtpu;f;fTk; mtru

Neuj;jpy; fhg;ghw;wTk; Njitahd cgfuzq;fs;

30. kpUfq;fis guhkupf;fTk; nfhz;L nty;yTk; Njitahd cgfuzq;fs;

31. NtW mlq;fspy; Fwpg;gplhj czT kw;Wk; Fspu;ghdq;fs; jahupf;f Njitahd

cgfuzq;fs;

99. ehdhtifahdit

ftdpf;fTk;:

rupahd tpgukwpa w w w.wipo.int/hague/general/classification/html vd;w ,izajsj;jpidmZfTk;.

29

ggppdd;;ddppiizzgg;;GG IV - `̀hhNNff xxgg;;ggee;;jjkk;;

2006 Mf];l; khj `hNf xg;ge;jg;gb ru;tNjr ifj;njhopy; tbtikg;gpw;fhd

itg;gf mq;fj;Jt ehLfspd; epuy;

ngy;[pak;

NgsP];

Ngzpd;

gy;Nfupah

Nfhl; ByNthup

nfhNuhrpah

nfhupa [dehaf FbauR

vfpg;J

v];Nlhdpah

gpuhd;]

nfNghd;

N[hu;[pah

N[u;kdp

fpuP];

tj;jpf;fhd;

`q;Nfup

I];yhe;J

,e;NjhdPrpah

,j;jhyp

iffp];jhd

yBtpah

yPrp];jhd;

yf;rk;Ngu;f;

khyp

nkhdhf;Nfh

kq;Nfhypah

nkd;NlNeNfh

nkhuhf;Nfh

ekPgpah

neju;yhe;J

iefu;

nkhs;Nlhth FbauR

nuhkhdpah

nrdfy

Nru;gpah

rpq;fG+u;

RNyhNtdpah

];ngapd;

#updhk

cf;Nud;

Kd;dhy; NahNfh];Nyhtpa

nkrpNlhdpa FbauR

^dPrpah

JUf;f

Rtpu;ryhe;J

cUg;gpd ehLfspd; vz;zpf;if: 44

midj;J ntspaPLfSk; mwpTrhh; nrhj;Jhpik mikg;gpd; (WIPO) ,iza

Gj;jf jsj;jpy; ghh;itf;Fs;sJ www.wipo.int/sme/enmj;Jld; rpwpa eLj;ju njhopwJiwahsHfs; mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jhy;

ntspaplg;gl;l rQ;rpiffis

www.wipo.int/sme/en/documents/wipo_sme_newsletter.htmljsj;jpYk; ghh;itaplyhk;. ve;jtpj fl;lzKk; mwtplgl khl;lhJ.

jkpo; nkhopngah;g;Gf;fhd Nkyjpf tpguq;fSf;F my;yJ Gj;jfq;fis nfhs;tdTnra;a

rpwpa my;yJ eLj;ju ifj;njhopy; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lk;53, nthf;Nrhy; Nyd;nfhOk;G 02,yq;if.

njhiyNgrp+94 11 230 4287 - 9ngf;];+94 11 230 4291

kpd;dQ;ry;(projsmed@slt.lk

my;yJ rpwpa eLj;ju ifj;njhopy; gpupT

Kfthp:34> nrkpd; nl]; nfhok;ngl;nl];

jh.ng 18

rP.vr;. -1211 n[dPth 20Rtp];rHyhe;J.

ngf;]:+41 22 338 87 60kpd;dQ;ry:sme@wipo.inttiyj;jsk;:www.wipo.int/sme

User Guide

WIPO Publication No. 498 SK / TA (Tamil) ISBN 978-92-805-2056-9

Kjy; gjpg;G

Nkyjpf tpguq;fSf;F njhlHG nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kfthp

Kfthp:cyf mwpTrhh; nrhj;Jhpik mikg;G

34> nrkpd; nl]; nfhok;ngl;nl];

jh.ng 18

rP.vr;. -1211 n[dPth 20Rtp];rHyhe;J.

njhiyNgrp:+41 22 338 91 11ngf;]:+41 22 733 5428kpd;dQ;ry:wipo.mail@wipo.int

my;yJ epa+NahHf; xUq;fpizg;G mYtyk;

Kfthp:2> a+idl;ll; Ne\d;]; g;yh]h 34> nrkpd; nl]; nfhok;ngl;nl];

Rapl; 2525epa+NahHf;fs vd;. ta; 10017mnkhpf;fh.

njhiyNgrp:+1 212 963 6813ngf;]:+1 212 963 4801kpd;dQ;ry:wipo@un.org