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LOOKING AT POPULATION

Supplementary materials

Ramon Ibañez Riba I. Joan Ramon Benaprès (Sitges) - 1 -

UNIT 1

Lesson 1: POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

Activity 1:

Cut the pictures and give to the students to match them and make the six groups

required. (Select the obvious photos for weaker students and the wide range for

stronger class).




Pictures from: www.wikipedia.commons.org and my friends Pol, Meritxell, Sergi, Miquel, Jordi and Carole.

http://www.wikipedia.commons.org/




Activity 3¨

World map to be printed on A3 paper.

www.educandojuntos.cl/dms/archivo_1648

Group:

Continent name:

http://www.educandojuntos.cl/dms/archivo_1648




UNIT 1

Lesson 4: MIGRATION

Activity 3:

List of key words and explanations to be cut and given to students to solve the jigsaw.

Migration Migration is when people move their

home from one place to another.

Can be temporary or permanent,

and both between countries and

within a country.

Pull factor

A pull factor is when people are

attracted to go to another country

looking for an improved quality of

life and personal freedom.

Usually it is voluntary migration.

Push factor

All the factors that oblige/make

people decide to go away from one

place to another with better

conditions......

Usually it is forced migration.

Refugees

They move to other countries

hoping to find help and asylum.

These types of migrants do not

include displaced persons, who are

people who have been forced to

move within their own country.

They are people who have been

forced to leave their home country

for fear of persecution for reasons of

race, religion, politics, internal strife

(e.g. civil war) or due to

environmental disaster.

When for some reasons (sometimes

life danger) people have no personal

choice but have to move due to

natural disaster or to economic or

social imposition. They are a

particular case of a push factor.

Immigrant The person who arrives to live in a

country from a different one.

When people arrive to live in a place

that can be in the same country

where they were born or to a

different one.

Emigrant The person who moves from its

country of origin to another one.

It is a person who leaves their place

of birth and goes in live to another

one. That can be in the own country

or a different one.




Activity 6:

List of migration effects to be printed in A3 paper, cut and given to students.

Loses people in working-age group Cultural advantages and links

Money earned in the destination country sent back to original country

Arrival of some highly skilled migrants (doctors…)

Prepared to the jobs that nationals don’t want to do because they are dirty, unskilled…

Low-quality overcrowded housing lacking in basic amenities

Language difficulties Lack of opportunities to practice their own religion, culture, sports…

Often less healthy Ethnic groups often don’t integrate.

Racial tension Prepared to work long hours for a low salary

Mainly males leave, causing a division of families Loss of people of child-bearing age, causing decline in birth rate

Pressure on jobs but most would be the first unemployed in a recession

Limited skilled educated group

Loses of people most likely to have some education and skills

Reduces pressure on jobs and resources

Mi grants develop some new skills which they make take back to the original country

The country is left with an elderly population and so high death rate

In a developing country these migrants could increase the number of skilled workers




Classifying table to be printed on a huge support and stuck on the wall/board in order

for the students to stick their factors on it

Destination Country Country of origin




UNIT1

Lesson6: POPULATION PYRAMIDS

Teacher’s explanation (www.wikipedia.org)

A population pyramid, also called age-sex pyramid and age structure diagram, is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which normally forms the shape of a pyramid.

It typically consists of two back-to-back bar graphs, with the population plotted on the X-axis and age on the Y-axis, one showing the number of males and one showing females in a particular population in five-year age groups. Males are conventionally shown on the left and females on the right, and they may be measured by raw number or as a % of the total population.

A great deal of information about the population broken down by age and sex can be read from a population pyramid, and this can help us understanding about development and other aspects of the population. A population pyramid also tells the council how many people of each age range live in the area for predicting future facilities as schools, hospitals.... There tends to be more females than males in the older age groups, due to females longer life expectancy.

Types of population pyramid

Population pyramids for 4 stages of the demographic transition model.

While all countries' population pyramids differ, three types have been identified by the fertility and mortality rates of a country.

Stable pyramid - A population pyramid showing an unchanging pattern of fertility and mortality.

Stationary pyramid - A population pyramid typical of countries with low fertility and low mortality, also called a constrictive pyramid.




Expansive pyramid - A population pyramid showing a broad base, indicates a high proportion of children, a rapid rate of population growth, and a low proportion of older people. This wide base indicates a large number of children. A steady upwards narrow show that more people die at each higher age band. This type of pyramid indicates a population in which there is a high birth rate, a high death rate and a short life expectancy.. This is the typical pattern for less economically developed countries, due to little access to and incentive to use birth control policies, negative environmental factors (for example, lack of clean water) and poor access to health care.

Constrictive pyramid - A population pyramid showing lower numbers or percentages of younger people. The country will have a graying population which means that people are generally older.

Young and ageing populations

Generally a population pyramid that displays a population percentage of ages 1–14 over 30% and ages 75 and above fewer than 6% is considered a "young population" (generally occurring in developing countries, with a high agricultural workforce). A population pyramid that displays a population percentage of ages 1–14 under 30% and ages 75 and above over 6% is considered an "aging population" (that of which generally occurs in developed countries with adequate health services, e.g. Australia). A country that displays all or none of these characteristics is considered neither.

Uses of population pyramids

Dependency ratio

Population pyramids can be used to find the number of economic dependents being supported in a particular population. Economic dependents are defined as those under 15 (children who are in full time education and therefore unable to work) and those over 65 (those who have the option of being retired). In some less developed countries children start work well before the age of 15, and in some developed countries it is common to not start work until 30 (like in the North European countries), and people may work beyond the age of 65, or retire early. Therefore, the definition provides an approximation. In many countries, the government plans the economy in such a way that the working population can support these dependents. This number can be further used to calculate the dependency ratio in that population.

Population pyramids can be used to observe the natural increase, birth, and death rate.




UNIT 2

Lesson 1: SETTLEMENT

Activity 5:

Factor cards to be cut and given to students for classifying activity.

easy communication

natural corridor navigable river very hot/very cold/ too dry

dense forest infertile soil markets Land of high quality

easy to defend flat plains river valleys foothills of active volcanoes

enough rainfall (all year round)

extreme temperatures

flat land few natural resources

enough warm fertile soil coal/minerals coastal areas

plenty of industry and jobs

mountainous land

lack of industry and jobs

volcanic soils (e.g. Tenerife in Canary Islands)

ports/good roads/ railways,/airports

tourism old people retirement areas

education/health facilities entertainment

depopulation of rural and old industrial areas

lack of money for new investments

loss of land (e.g. deforestation and soil erosion)

permanent snow




Classifying chart to be printed in A3 and hand out 1 per group.

Human Physical

Factor Positive Negative Positive Negative

relief

climate

vegetation

soils

resources

economic

Access

political, social.

...




Activity 6:

To be printed in A3 paper and hand out one per group.

Hostile factors Adequate factors

Non-decisive factors




UNIT 2

Lesson 2: POPULATION DENSITY

Activity 7:

Pictures to cut and given to each group. (You can also show the loop PPt presentation

to have clearer images in colour)

Picture A (Manhattan, Nova York, U.S.A)

A




Picture B (Barcelona, El Barcelonès, Catalonia)

Picture C (Cardona i La Coromina, El Bages, Catalonia)

B

C C




Picture D (Les Hortes de Cardona, El Bages, Catalonia)

Picture E (Cardona, El Bages, Catalonia)

E

D




Picture F (Gargallà, El Berguedà, Catalonia)

Picture G (Montmajor, El Berguedà, Catalonia)

F

G




Picture H (Els plans de Montmajor, El Berguedà, Catalonia)

Picture I (El Garraf, Garraf, Catalonia)

H

I




Picture J (Norwich, UK)

J




UNIT 2

Lesson 4: URBANISATION

Activity: 2

Chart to be printed in A3 paper for students to stick the factors cards on.

Push factors encouraging people to leave

rural areas

Pull factors attracting people to urban areas




Factors to cut and given to students.

Job opportunities Lack of job

opportunities

Access to schools

and education

Lack of schools To have more

freedom for

living your way

Better transport

facilities

Lack of public

transport

Lack of hospitals

and doctors

For health

reasons (access

to hospitals)

Bad/low salaries

Better/higher

salaries

Banking facilities

(for banking and

credit)

Lack of banking

facilities (for saving

and credits)

Natural disasters

that bankrupt

rural economies

The possibility to

work in a factory

with a fix salary

To live off charity

or crime

Lack of

communication

networks

Bigger possibilities

to save money

To evade the war

lords pressure

To escape

landlords

pressure

To have more

shops and markets

To feel safer Lack of choices for

the future

Lack of industries

and salaried jobs

The survival

agriculture and

famines

Unemployment Lack of social

amenities and

leisure

Better transport

and

communications

better schools

and hospitals

chances to

improve

their standard of

living

Unprofitable

farming (no

benefits)

opportunities for a

better social and

cultural life

Low

opportunities

greater number

and variety of

employment

opportunities

Few employment

opportunities

The need to

support a growing

population

(population

pressure)

Better housing and

basic services

(water, electricity,

sewerage)

High

opportunities




Activity 4:

Sentences to be cut and given to students for exchanging among groups and make a

complete text.

- Every day, migrants arrive in the city looking for somewhere to live. They tend to settle on the edge of the city in squatter settlements.

- Often countries have their own names for squatter settlements. For example in Brazil and in most south America they are known as favelas. In French speaking Africa, they are called bidon-villes, and in India bustees.

- Squatter settlements are usually illegal and found on poor-quality land. They tend to be unplanned and spontaneous. Houses are basic and are built using cheap materials that can be found easily, such as plastic and corrugated iron. Squatter settlements have few services.

- As more and more people arrive in the city each day, greater pressure is placed on the city and its resources.

- Overcrowded LEDCs cities often have a very high population density, particularly on the edge of the city.

- Job opportunities and services tend to be poor in the squatter settlements, so migrants to the city want to live near to the CBD (central business district) or good transport links. This creates competition for the best areas of land. “Mafias” that control this usually appear.

- Poor sanitation, limited healthcare and little clean water in squatter settlements means that there is a high risk of disease.

- Because of the lack of space, settlements become dangerous if they are built on slopes at risk from mudslides, or if they are built close to factories and industrial areas.

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