Look at the next two slides of Supreme Court Cases, and answer the questions: 1. What do you think Plessy vs. Ferguson

established? 2. Why do you think that? 3. What do you think Brown vs. Board of

Education established? 4. How do you think it changed America?

Plessy vs.Ferguson 1896

Brown vs. Board of Education 1954

Social Change Movements from 1945 to 1970

1. Racial Equality2. Rights for Women

3. Environmental Awareness

1. Racial Equality The Supreme Court decided in

Plessy vs. Ferguson that if institutions are equal they had to be separate for the races.

“Separate but Equal” Jim Crow laws required African

Americans to have separate facilities.

Jim Crow Laws

President Truman ordered the military to integrate in 1948, but it does not really happen until 1963.

Brown vs. Board of Ed. Linda Brown was not allowed to attend an all-white school and challenges that ruling in the Supreme Court

1. Overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson

2. Starts integration in schools

Brown vs. Board of Education 1954

Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955 Rosa Parks was arrested for violating

the segregation laws of Montgomery, Alabama.

In Response. . . For over a year, African Americans boycotted the buses.

They carpooled and walked through all weather conditions

While the NAACP fought in the courts, MLK’s organization led the boycott.

http://www.africanaonline.com/Graphic/rosa_parks_bus.gif

Martin Luther King Jr.

Gandhi inspired King to be direct and nonviolent

“Violence never solves problems. It only creates new and more complicated ones.”

--Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

King’s sacrifice King was arrested

thirty times in his 38 year life.

His house was bombed or nearly bombed several times

Death threats constantly

March on Washington 1963 President Kennedy was pushing

for a civil rights bill. To show support over 200,000

African Americans went to Washington D.C.

MLK, Jr gives “I Have a Dream” speech

March on Washington 1963

Civil Rights Organizations

SNCC SCLC

campuses churches Student led MLK led Protested protested Non violent non violent Wanted equality wanted to

change the laws

that would result

in equality

Protest Tactics : SIT INS

This was in Greensboro, North Carolina

They were led not by MLK but by college students!

Sit-in Tactics Dress in you Sunday best. Be respectful to employees and

police. Do not resist arrest! Do not fight back! Remember, journalists are

everywhere!

Marching In Selma,

pro-vote marchers face Alabama cops.

Many were arrested.

Birmingham, Alabama 1963

Birmingham

Birmingham When America

saw 500 kids get arrested and attacked with dogs, there was much support for civil rights legislation.

Freedom Riders White and Black volunteers, got

on buses and sat inter-racially on the bus.

They went into bus station lunch counters

Freedom Riders attacked!

Mobs also attacked them at the bus stations.

Voter Registration

Volunteers came to Mississippi to register African Americans to vote.

These volunteers risked arrest, violence and death every day.

Voter Registration If African

Americans registered to vote, local banks could call the loan on their farm.

This man spent 5 days in jail for carrying a sign that read, “Voter Registration Worker”

Civil Rights Act of 1964Banned segregation in public places such as restaurants and buses.

Voting Rights Act of 1965Outlawed

literacy tests in order to vote.

2. Rights for WomenBetty Friedan publishes The Feminine Mystique in 1963 which led to creation of NOW and feminist movement National Organization for Women founded in 1966

3. Environmental Awareness