long term study of low cost harvesting by...
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LongTermStudyofLowCostHarvestingbyBioflocculation
MattHutton1,2;ShelleyBlackwell1;ErikZardouzian2;RuthSpierling2;Tryg Lundquist1,2
1. MicroBio Engineering,Inc.2. CaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity,SanLuisObispo
AlgalBiomassSummitOctober23-26,2016Phoenix,Arizona
Lowcostsettlingisessential• U.S.DOEEERE2014MultiYearProgramPlanupdate-
by2030:• Productionofalgae-basedbiofuelsattotalcost
of$3/GGE(2011$)• Productivityof5,000GGE/acre-year• Futureproductionof5BGYGGEperyear.
• Currentcostsprojectedat$18.63/GGE,harvestingcontributing$2.74/GGE1
1:Davis,R.,D.Fishman,E.Frank,M.Wigmosta (2012).RenewableDieselfromAlgalLipids:AnIntegratedBaselineforCost,Emissions,andResourcePotentialfromaHarmonizedModel.ReporttoUSDOEANL/ESD/12-4NREL/TP-5100-55431andPNNL-21437
• DelhiCountyWaterDistrict• 7acremunicipalracewayservingpopulation≈10,000• Nine3.5-m2 raceways,settlingunits,anddryingbeds• OperatedunderABYtooptimizeproductivityandharvesting
3
DelhiCountyWaterDistrict(ABYProject)
Southpondsusedascontrolset
• Screenedmunicipalinfluent
• Settledinpilotclarifier• 2-dayhydraulic
retentiontime(HRT)• Paddlewheelmixed
SanLuisObispoAlgaeFieldStation(ASAPProject)
• SanLuisObispoWaterResourceRecoveryFacility• Nine33-m2 raceways,settlingunits,digesters• OperatedonASAPprogramtoinvestigatewater
andnutrientreuse
• Screened,settledmunicipalinfluent
• 2-dayhydraulicretentiontime(HRT)
• Paddlewheelmixed
Gammapondsusedascontrolset
Settlingdata collectedfrombothstudies• Twosetsof2-dayHRT,municipalwastewater-fedpondsattwo
differentsites• Beakerphotostakenatbothsites• Totalsuspendedsolidsmeasuredatbothsites• Turbiditymeasuredatbothsites• CoagulantjartestsconductedatDelhi
Settleability measuredbytaking0hour,2hour,and24hourturbidityreadings(Delhi)orTSS(SLO)
Zerohoursettling
24-hoursettling
Delhi SLO2HourMeanRemovalEfficiency 78%± 14% 82%± 12%
24HourMeanRemovalEfficiency 83%± 10% 91%± 8%
Brief,intermittentupsetsdiminishaveragesettling
Withouttheseupsets,2and24hoursettlingimproveto82%and88%,respectively
24hoursofsettling
Whatcausesgoodbioflocculation?
• F/Mratio,asinactivatedsludge?
• Grazerpopulation?
• Algalorbacterialpopulation?
• Somethingelse?
Figure4.8:The2-hourTSSvsF/Mratio
Datafromallpondsets,March6,2013throughApril11,2013.Theequationoftheregressionlineisy=-132.59x+57.455,andtheR²=0.2375
F/Mratiodoesnothaveastrongcorrelationwithsettlingperformance
TwopondsetsatDelhibearthisout• Twosetsofpondsoperatedat2-dayHRTwithdifferentBODloading• Bothhadupanddown2hourbioflocculation performance• Bothaveraged74%settlingefficiency
Pond Date2-HourSettlingRemoval(%)
StandardDeviationsAboveAverage2-Hour
SettlingRemoval
SuspendedGrazerConcentration(Count/mL)Rotifers Ostracods
1 5/1/14 100% 3.0 131 2
2 6/5/14 100% 3.0 33 0
75/22/2014-
7/3/201498% 1.4 17 0
8 5/15/2014-5/29/14 92% 0.9 3 0
Pond Date2-HourSettlingRemoval(%)
StandardDeviationsBelowAverage2-Hour
SettlingRemoval
SuspendedGrazerConcentration(Count/mL)Rotifers Ostracods
1 4/24/14 65% 1.2 25 0
2 5/29/14 62% 1.5 22 1
7 7/24/14 51% 2.7 2 1
8 7/3/14 39% 3.8 0 0
Highsettling
Lowsettling
Grazerdensityshowsnocorrelationtosettlingefficiency
Reclaimedwastewater(NO3-)morepronetobioflocculating than
municipalwastewater(NH3)
15.5g/m2-dnetproductivity
16.6g/m2-dnetproductivity
Reclaimedwastewater(NO3-)morepronetobioflocculating than
municipalwastewater(NH3)
SeeKunal Poorey,ToddLane’sposter#133forinterestingresultsofgeneticsequencingoftheseponds
RelationshipbetweenpondTSSdensityandsettlingefficiency?
• Suggestsmacroscale,ororthokinetic settlingisdrivingmechanism
• Largerparticlessettlingrapidlyagglomeratewithsmallerparticles
Metcalf,Eddy,andM.EDDY."Wastewaterengineering:treatmentandResourcerecovery."McGraw-HillEducation,NewYork (2014).
• Mostlygravitysettling• Happensveryquickly• Optimaldosetoreach
10NTUatornear40mg/L
JartestsonDelhisamples
• Settlingperformanceisgenerallystrong
• Orthokinetic settlinglikelytheprimarymechanismatplay
• Brief,intermittentupsetsareoftenresponsibleforlowersettling
efficienciesovertime
• Causesofsettlingupsetsaredifficulttopredictbutpotentially
fixedwithalittlecoagulant
Conclusions
3:30Tuesday,SolanaIShelleyBlackwell,CalPolyUniversityDynamicsinAlgalProductivityandBioflocculation inWastewaterFedRacewayPonds
8:15Wednesday,SolanaHTryg Lundquist,CalPolyUniversityFromWastewatertoFuelDistillates: CultivationandProcessingofMicroalgaeGrownduringSewageTreatment
8:15Wednesday,SolanaHRuthSpierling, CalPolyUniversityEnhancedNitrogenConversionandRemovalinAlgae-basedWastewaterTreatmentSystems
LaurenParker,CalPolyUniversityPoster#264:EffectofSamplingFrequencyonMicroalgaeProductivityEstimates
Mattia Gorga,CalPolyUniversityPoster#145:Evaluationoffilamentousalgaeforanimalfeed:productivity,harvestability,andbiochemicalcompositionfromthelabandfield
Kunal Poorey,SandiaNationalLaboratoriesPoster#133:DynamicsofEcologyduringCultivationofAlgaefromWastewater
Relatedpresentations
USDOE,CaliforniaEnergyCommission
grantstoCalPolyinpartnershipwith
MicroBio Engineering,Inc.
LaurenParker,ChrisPittner,Yakov SurvovChristianBowen,ErikZardouzian,
RuthSpierling,BradenCrowe,
JohnBenemann,ShelleyBlackwell,Tryg Lundquist
Acknowledgments