long term monitoring and source apporti t t d f ti l ... hanoi presentations/modeling... · apporti...
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Long term monitoring and source ti t t d f ti l tapportionment study for particulate
matter in Asian developing countries
HTAP conference
Kim Oanh N T Prapat P and AIRPET team
Hanoi, October 13-14, 2008
Kim Oanh N. T. , Prapat P. and AIRPET [email protected]
Environmental Engineering and Management g g gSchool of Environment, Resources and Development
Asian Institute of Technology (AIT)
Air pollution in Asian developing countries
Air quality is worsening in urban areas: serious impact on human health and economicson human health and economicsMost significant PM (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) but no systematic records (PM2.5!) Fast increase in emission sources and intensity: traffic, industry, utilityI d i ll ti i iIndoor air pollution is serious Trans-boundary issues: Acid rain, ABC, regional haze from biomass burning dust storm POP Hg etcfrom biomass burning, dust storm, POP, Hg, etc.
Examples of local regional/trans-boundary issues in Asiaissues in Asia
Asian Regional Research Program on Environmental Technology (ARRPET)Environmental Technology (ARRPET)
Sponsored by Sida, Coordinated by AIT
Four projects in ARRPET: Air pollution (AIRPET)Solid waste Hazardous wasteWastewater
Phase 1&2: 2001-2008 Phase 3: 2009Phase 3: 2009
http://www.arrpet.ait.ac.th/
Air pollution research network of AIRPET 1&2
ChiChinaProf. Hao Zhengping
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
India Dr. Ligy Philip
D f Ci il E
Beijing
Vietnam Dr. Hoang Xuan CoDepart. of Civil Eng.
I.I.T. Madras, Chennai
Dr. Hoang Xuan CoFES, Hanoi University
of ScienceHanoi
AIT AIRPETDr. Kim Oanh N. T. (PI)
Prof. Chongrak P. (Co-PI)/
Indonesia
EEM/SERDThailand
IndonesiaDr. Ir. Puji Lestari
Envi. Eng. DepartmentInstitut Teknologi
B d
Philippines Dr. James Simpas
Climate Studies DivisionManila Observatory
Project website http://www.serd.ait.ac.th/airpet/
Bandung Manila ObservatoryQuezon City
Existing data Continuous monitoringAIRPET1&2
Assessment of Database
pollution statusDatabase
Experiments
Modeling Control Policy toolsTechnology study
Lab-scale devices
AQM strategies
Integrated AQM forIntegrated AQM for target sources Cleaner airCleaner air
Activities in AIRPET1&2 (2002-2007)
NRIs Monitoring Modeling Control Integ. AQM
AIT PM2.5, PM10 Receptor - Agroresidue AIT BTEX, POP Photochem. - burning
China PM2.5, PM10TSP
ReceptorCat-oxidation
(VOC)Integrated VOC controlTSP (VOC) VOC control
India PM2.5, PM10O3, SOx, NOx
ReceptorBio-system(NOx, SOx)
-O3, SO , O ( O , SO )
Indo PM2.5, PM10Pb in blood
ReceptorPhoto-cat(NOx, CO,
SO )
Vehicle emission (Pb)Pb in blood SO2)
( )
Phil PM2.5, PM10 Receptor Dispersion -
VN PM2.5, PM10BTEX
Receptor Dispersion - Brick
manufacture
PM Monitoring of AIRPET1&2PM Monitoring of AIRPET1&2
Monitoring sites: urban and remote sitesMonitoring sites: urban and remote sitesParameters: PM2.5, PM10-2.5Composition: ions elements EC(BC) and OCComposition: ions, elements, EC(BC) and OCQA/QC: SRM, blind samplesResults:Results:
More than 7000 PM samples Long-term systematic PM mass (2002-2007) and detail y ( )composition data of PM2.5 and PM10 in 6 cities with adequate QA/QCL l d iti t t it LRTAPLevels and composition at remote sites LRTAPSource apportionment study by receptor modeling
2004-2007
Common Mathematical Formula f R t M d li
C t ti f ll t t t t it i th
for Receptor Modeling
Concentration of a pollutant at a receptor site is the sum of linear products of the source profile and the source strength:g
solve for fkj∑= kjikij fax + e
Known: xij= Concentration of species i in the sample j
kj∑k
kjikij f
Known: xij Concentration of species i in the sample jaik = Source profiles (fraction of i in k source)
Unknown: fkj = Source strength or contribution of kthkj g
source to jth sample
Models used and newly developed ithin AIRPETwithin AIRPET
1. Models used: CMB, PMF, COPREM, PCA,1. Models used: CMB, PMF, COPREM, PCA, HYSPLIT, etc.
2. New models developed and tested (AIT)2. New models developed and tested (AIT)(1) Evolutionary Receptor Model (EVORM)
Hybrid between CMB and multivariateUses some known source profiles and generate others Evolutionary Programming (EP) is applied
(2) Dual-site Receptor Model (DUALM)( ) p ( )Applied to 2 sets of PM data collected at 2 sites with some similar sources Auxiliary information used to add more constrainsAuxiliary information used to add more constrainsDeveloped using expanded Multilinear Engine (ME-2)
Comparison between measured and calculated masses by DUALM at 2 sites y
(IMPROVE database, USA)
COHU GRSM
25
30
COHU
25
30
GRSM
Mas
s (µ
g/m
3)
15
20
25
Mas
s (µ
g/m
3 )
15
20
25
Cal
cula
ted
M
5
10 y = 0.9701x + 1.1704R2 = 0.9701 C
alcu
late
d M
5
10 y = 0.9831x + 0.6844R2 = 0.9831
Measured Mass (µg/m3)
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
Measured Mass (µg/m3)
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
Source: Prapat (2007)
Bangkok, Thailand
Bangkok, ThailandBangkok, Thailand
AIRPET-3 proposed activitiesp p
Provide overall picture of air quality in Asia taking p q y ginto account long range transport contributions to local air pollution focusing on effect assessment (health crops etc )(health, crops, etc.) Explore the possibility of co-benefit in reducing air pollution and climate change effects of majorpollution and climate change effects of major emission sources focusing on BCConduct application projects using the integrated tools to demonstrate the air quality improvementProvide policy recommendations toward harmonizing regional AQM efforts taking intoharmonizing regional AQM efforts taking into account LRTAP
Th k Y !Thank You !