long term effects of exercise shubham

22
Long Term Effects of Exercise Shuvam Roy 5 th semester Medical College

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2nd and 3rd September 2011,a General Lecture Theatre, Dr Chirantan Mandal, Dr Avik Basu, Dr Dipayan Sen Dr Ushnish Adhikari,Dr Srimanti Bhattacharya, Dr Shubham Presided by Dr Arnab Sengupta (Physiology Dept Medical College Kolkata)

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Page 1: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Long Term Effects of Exercise

Shuvam Roy

5th semester

Medical College

Page 2: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Two types of training

• Strength training

• Endurance training

Page 3: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Musculo-skeletal system: Effect of optimal resistance training on increase in

muscle strength

Page 4: Long term effects of exercise shubham
Page 5: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Changes in hypertrophied muscle

muscle diametermuscle diameter no. of myofibrilsno. of myofibrils sarcoplasmic volumesarcoplasmic volume contractile proteincontractile protein mass of fast twitch fibresmass of fast twitch fibres

Page 6: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Changes in muscle cell due to aerobic training

• More myoglogin, bigger mitochondria

• Increased oxidative enzymes

• Increase in stores and utilization of fat

• Increase in glycogen stores

• Glycogen sparing

• Better recruitment of slow twitch muscle fibres

Page 7: Long term effects of exercise shubham

CVS: Increase in stroke volume

• Increased end diastolic volume

• Enlargement of the heart chambers and increased thickness/strengthening of its muscular walls.

• Greater elastic recoil of myocardium

• Decreased peripheral resistance

Page 8: Long term effects of exercise shubham
Page 9: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Effect of specific sports training on LV cavity dimension or wall thickness in elite athletes, representing 27 different sporting disciplines.

Maron B J , Pelliccia A Circulation 2006;114:1633-1644

Copyright © American Heart Association

Page 10: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Effects of exercise on heart rate

Page 11: Long term effects of exercise shubham

CVS: Cardiac output

• Maximal cardiac output is increased

• Cardiac output in submaximal exercise is decreased

Page 12: Long term effects of exercise shubham

CVS: Blood pressure

• Blood pressure at rest is decreased

• Less increase in SBP due to exercise

• Decreased myocardial oxygen consumption

Page 13: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Physiological Basis for Differences in VOPhysiological Basis for Differences in VO2max2max

Page 14: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Vascular changes

• Increased capillarisation of trained muscle and improved dilation of existing capillaries

• Increase in blood volume is attributed to an increase in plasma volume and number of red blood cells.

• Increased elasticity and thickness of smooth muscle of arterial walls

Page 15: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Respiratory system

• Ventilatory equivalent of oxygen is decreased in submaximal exercise

• Maximum exercise ventilation is increased

• Respiratory rate at rest is decreased

Page 16: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Oxygen Deficit and DebtOxygen Deficit and Debt

Page 17: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Blood lactate as a function of training

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Other changes

• Increase in thickness and strength of tendons.

• Increased flexibility of ligaments.• Thickening and improved elasticity of

cartilage.• Improved capability of cartilaginous tissue

to absorb and expel synovial fluid.• Strengthening of bone tissue due to

increased depositing of calcium, therefore reduced risk of injury.

• Acclimatization to heatAcclimatization to heat

Page 19: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Strength-Endurance ContinuumStrength-Endurance Continuum

En

du

ran

ce

Str

en

gthHigh

StrengthHigh PowerHypertrophy

Olympic lifting

Power lifting

Throwing Rowing

Football100m

Decathalon

Swimming

Marathon

BasketballHigh CapillarityHigh VO2max

Aerobic PowerHigh Mitochondria

Bodybuilding

Rugby

400m

Mile Run

Soccer

10K

10 sec 5 min > 2hrs

Page 20: Long term effects of exercise shubham

ReversibilityReversibility

Page 21: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Exercise prolongs life

• Lowered blood pressure• Lowered blood cholesterol and LDL• Raised HDL• Reduction of obesity• Greater cardiac and respiratory reserve• Greater strength of bones and joints

Page 22: Long term effects of exercise shubham

Thank you