long range planning and city development in east asia
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Long Range Planning and CityDevelopment in East Asia
Professor Michael Enright
University of Hong Kong
Enright, Scott & Associates
Sao Paulo, September 2011
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Rationales for Long Term Planning
Cities have to prepare for the future
Too much focus on the short term hurts potentialdevelopments
Some problems need time for solution
Some investments have long lead times
Long term planning allows cities to be proactive ratherthan reactive
Long term planning allows cities to better fulfill the
aspirations of their populations
Most leading cities have been doing long term planningfor decades
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Plans can be Comprehensive
Shanghais plans include
Functional plans CBD, subcenter, and new
town plans
Service sector plans
Industrial sector plans Transportation plans
Environmental plans
Leisure and amenity plans
Clear governance
This allows for
Organized development Planning for housing
Efficient delivery ofpublic services
Planning for transportand amenities
Clustering of industries
Improvements in
sustainability and qualityof life
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Shanghais Four Functional Areas
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Shanghai CBDs and City Sub-Centers
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Three Service Cluster Strips and Twelve Modern Service Cluster
Zones in the Central City District of Shanghai
Sleepless ModernTransport Business
Area
Northern BundShipping Services
Area
Jiangwan-Five CornerScience-Tech Education
Business Area
Nanjing West RoadProfessional Services
Business Area
Changfeng EcologicalBusiness Area
Hongqiao Foreign BusinessArea
Xujiahui Knowledge
Culture ComprehensiveBusiness Area
Huaihai Zhong Road
International FashionBusiness Area
Pudong Word ExpoHuamu
International Exhibition andConvention Cluster Area
Xizang Road Renmin SquareLoop Modern Business Area
Zhangjiang High-tech CreativeCulture and Information service
Industry Cluster Area
Bund and Lujiazui Financial
and Trade Area
Huangpu River Cluster Strip
Suzhou Creek ClusterStrip
YanAn RoadCenturyAvenue Strip
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Shanghai New Town Layout
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Suburban Modern Services Zones
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Shanghais Main Manufacturing Industries Layout
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State-Level Development Zones
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Municipal-Level Development Zones
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Shanghais Inter-city Transport Network
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Shanghais Intra-city Rail Transportation Network
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Shanghais Basic Ecological Network Planning
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Good Planning can Create
Game Changer Investments
High-rise public housing in Hong Kong andSingapore
New international airport in Hong Kong
New transportation hub and CBD in Shanghai
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Public Housing in Hong Kong and Singapore
The Problem
Large influxes of refugees
Substandard housing Marginal, dangerous living
Impossible to provide publicservices and utilities
The Solution
Large scale, high risehousing provided by
government
Rental and sale depending
on income levels
The Results
40% of Hong Kongpopulation in public
housing 80% of Singapore
population in publiclyprovided housing
Two of the safest cities inthe world
Two of the best organized interms of infrastructure
Vast improvements in
productivity
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Public housing was one of the most important steps that allowedHong Kong and Singapore to go from 3rd world to 1st world
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New International Airport in Hong Kong
The Problem
Obsolete airport
Running overcapacity
Dangerous approaches Completely unsuitable to support a modern economy
Hong Kong in danger of losing international business
The Solution
Hong Kong International Airport Airport express railway
Worlds longest road-rail bridge
New road tunnel
Intensive surrounding development
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HKIA voted worlds best airport 12 years running. Aviation andaviation-dependent industries account for nearly 20% of the economy.
Hong Kongs position as Asias World City enhanced.
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New Transport Hub and CBD in Shanghai
The Problem
No urban center for the western part of Shanghai
Limited transportation linkages with neighboring cities
Limited long haul rail linkages
Overcrowded domestic airport with poor linkages to
downtown The Solution
Hongqiao Area Transportation Hub
Intensive surrounding development
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The new projects and surrounding development will decongest thecity and allow Shanghai to enhance its position as a leading world city
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The Transportation Hub
Hongqiao Airport Second runway and new
terminal Annual passenger throughput
30 million to 40 million
Maglev Train *
10 tracks and 10 platforms Annual passenger throughput20 million
Commuter and Intercity Rail 30 rail tracks and 16 platforms Annual passenger throughput
100 million to 120 million
Intra-city Rail Six intra-city rail lines
Two subway stations
Roads Highways and express
roads
Arterial, sub-arterial, andother roads
Bus Station Annual passenger capacity
10 million
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1700m1700m
1240m1240m460m460m
460m460m
40m170m 90m 120m30m10m
Dimensions
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The Hub Area Project
Context
Chinas development
Regional development Shanghai development
Lessons from
Airport relateddevelopment
Intercity and local raildevelopment
Polycentric cities
Impacts of regionallinkages
Assess potential for
High-end services
Second-tier services Local services
Logistics
High-tech manufacturing
Mid and low-techmanufacturing
Creative and culturalindustries
Amenities, entertainment,green spaces, publicspaces
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Basic Layout of Hub Area
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Land Areas in Hub Area
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Main Roads
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Local Rail Transportation
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The Moral of the Story Long term planning allows difficult issues to be
tackled Long term planning allows for a focus on solutions
rather than problems
Experience shows that even very difficult issues(such as transport bottlenecks and housing) thatcities face can be overcome through good planning
and execution
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Thank you
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