long island rail road expansion project from floral …

LONG ISLAND RAIL ROAD EXPANSION PROJECT

FROM FLORAL PARK TO HICKSVILLE

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

Project Name: Long Island Rail Road Expansion Project From Floral Park to Hicksville Project Location: Nassau County, New York Lead Agency & Long Island Rail Road Contact Person: Edward M. Dumas, Vice President Market Development & Public Affairs MTA Long Island Rail Road, MC 1131 Jamaica Station Building Jamaica, NY 11435 SEQRA Classification: Type I Action Project Sponsors: Long Island Rail Road New York State Department of Transportation FEIS Acceptance Date: April 12, 2017 Public Hearing Dates: January 17, 2017 January 18, 2017 January 19, 2017 Written comments on the Draft EIS were accepted until

February 15, 2017. This document is the Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for the Long Island Rail Road Expansion Project from Floral Park to Hicksville project. The FEIS is prepared pursuant to Article 8 of the Environmental Conservation Law and its implementing regulations (State Environmental Quality Review Act) (6 NYCRR Part 617). Copies are available for review at the office of the Lead Agency. A copy of this document has also been made available on the Internet at the following address: http://www.AModernLI.com.

FEIS Prepared by: AKRF, Inc. 440 Park Avenue South, 7th Floor New York, NY 10016 Preliminary Project Design by: Gannett Fleming–AECOM Rail Road Expansion Partnership Technical Studies Prepared by: AECOM Archaeology Utilities/Infrastructure Air Quality Noise Rail & Bus Operations AKRF, Inc. Land Use Socioeconomic Environmental Justice Visual Impacts Historic Structures Natural Resources Construction Climate Change & Resiliency Calladium Group Project Description Alternatives Matrix NewWorld Contaminated Materials VHB Traffic, Bicycle, Pedestrian

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Table of Contents

Foreword .................................................................................................................................... F-1

Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. S-1

1: Project Description ............................................................................................................... 1-1 A. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1-1 B. Regulatory Context ......................................................................................................... 1-2 C. Project Purpose and Need ............................................................................................... 1-3

Background ........................................................................................................................ 1-3 Congestion and Delays Along Existing LIRR Main Line .................................................. 1-4 On-Time Performance ...................................................................................................... 1-11 Future Ridership Projections ............................................................................................ 1-12 Intra-Island, Reverse Peak, and Reverse Direction Service Limitations .......................... 1-12 Street-Level Grade Crossings ........................................................................................... 1-14 Project Goals and Objectives ........................................................................................... 1-15 Planning Context .............................................................................................................. 1-15

D. Description of the Proposed Project .............................................................................. 1-18 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 1-18 Third Track Alignment ..................................................................................................... 1-18 Retaining and Sound Attenuation Walls .......................................................................... 1-21 Passenger Rail Station Improvements .............................................................................. 1-22 Structure Modifications .................................................................................................... 1-27 Utility Relocations ............................................................................................................ 1-27 Traction Power Substations .............................................................................................. 1-28 Street-Level Grade Crossings ........................................................................................... 1-29 Parking ............................................................................................................................. 1-33 Drainage Improvements ................................................................................................... 1-35 Property Acquisitions ....................................................................................................... 1-36 Construction Phasing ........................................................................................................ 1-38 Project Cost ...................................................................................................................... 1-39

E. Project Corridor and Study Areas ................................................................................. 1-39 F. Summary of Required Approvals/Actions .................................................................... 1-39

2: Land Use, Community Character, and Public Policy ....................................................... 2-1 A. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 2-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts ................................................................................. 2-1 C. Methodology ................................................................................................................... 2-2

Planning Documents .......................................................................................................... 2-3 D. Existing Conditions ......................................................................................................... 2-7

Floral Park .......................................................................................................................... 2-8

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New Hyde Park ................................................................................................................... 2-9 Garden City Park ................................................................................................................ 2-9 Garden City ....................................................................................................................... 2-10 Mineola ............................................................................................................................. 2-10 Carle Place ........................................................................................................................ 2-11 Westbury ........................................................................................................................... 2-12 New Cassel ....................................................................................................................... 2-13 Hicksville .......................................................................................................................... 2-13

E. Future Without the Proposed Project ............................................................................. 2-14 F. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ..................................................................... 2-16 G. Mitigation for the Proposed Project ............................................................................... 2-20

3: Socioeconomic Conditions .................................................................................................... 3-1 A. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts .................................................................................. 3-1 C. Methodology .................................................................................................................... 3-2

Regulatory Context ............................................................................................................. 3-2 Study Area .......................................................................................................................... 3-2 Technical Approach ............................................................................................................ 3-3

D. Existing Conditions ......................................................................................................... 3-4 Population and Housing ...................................................................................................... 3-4 Business Districts ............................................................................................................... 3-9 Affected Properties ........................................................................................................... 3-12

E. Future Without the Proposed Project ............................................................................. 3-16 F. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ..................................................................... 3-16

Population and Housing .................................................................................................... 3-16 Business Districts, Access, and Acquisition ..................................................................... 3-17 Affected Properties and Property Tax Revenues .............................................................. 3-17 Compensation and Relocation Assistance ........................................................................ 3-20 Economic and Fiscal Benefits .......................................................................................... 3-21

G. Mitigation for the Proposed Project ............................................................................... 3-22

4: Environmental Justice .......................................................................................................... 4-1 A. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts .................................................................................. 4-2 C. Methodology .................................................................................................................... 4-2

Delineation of Study Area .................................................................................................. 4-2 Identify Potential Environmental Justice Areas (Minority and Low Income Populations) Within the Study Area ........................................................................................................ 4-2 Title Vi of the Civil Rights Act .......................................................................................... 4-2

D. Existing Conditions ......................................................................................................... 4-3 Minority Communities........................................................................................................ 4-3 Low-Income Communities ................................................................................................. 4-6 Existing Sources of Environmental Impacts ....................................................................... 4-6

E. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ....................................................................... 4-6 Summary of Potential Beneficial and Adverse Impacts ..................................................... 4-6

F. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 4-8 G. Public Participation ......................................................................................................... 4-9

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Scoping Process .................................................................................................................. 4-9 DEIS Process .................................................................................................................... 4-10 DEIS Comments ............................................................................................................... 4-11

5: Visual Resources ................................................................................................................... 5-1 A. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 5-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts ................................................................................. 5-1 C. Methodology ................................................................................................................... 5-1 D. Existing Conditions ......................................................................................................... 5-3

Study Area .......................................................................................................................... 5-3 Visual Character ................................................................................................................. 5-3 Inventory of Resources ..................................................................................................... 5-12 Summary of Inventory of Locally Sensitive Receptors ................................................... 5-17

E. The Future Without the Proposed Project ..................................................................... 5-19 F. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ..................................................................... 5-19

Impact Analysis ................................................................................................................ 5-19 G. Mitigation for the Proposed Project .............................................................................. 5-39

6: Historic Resources ................................................................................................................ 6-1 A. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 6-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts ................................................................................. 6-1

Archaeological Resources .................................................................................................. 6-1 Architectural Resources ..................................................................................................... 6-3

C. Methodology ................................................................................................................... 6-4 Archaeological Resources .................................................................................................. 6-4 Architectural Resources ..................................................................................................... 6-6

D. Historic Overview ........................................................................................................... 6-8 Precontact Period ................................................................................................................ 6-8 LIRR Development ............................................................................................................ 6-8 Development Along the Project Corridor .......................................................................... 6-9

E. Existing Conditions ....................................................................................................... 6-11 Project Corridor ................................................................................................................ 6-11 Study Area ........................................................................................................................ 6-16

F. Future Without the Proposed Project ............................................................................ 6-20 Project Corridor ................................................................................................................ 6-20 Study Area ........................................................................................................................ 6-21

G. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ..................................................................... 6-22 Archaeological Resources ................................................................................................ 6-22 Architectural Resources ................................................................................................... 6-23

H. Measures to Avoid, Minimize, and Mitigate Potential Impacts .................................... 6-25 References ............................................................................................................................ 6-26

7: Natural Resources................................................................................................................. 7-1 A. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 7-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts ................................................................................. 7-1 C. Methodology ................................................................................................................... 7-1 D. Regulatory Context ......................................................................................................... 7-2

Federal ................................................................................................................................ 7-2


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New York State .................................................................................................................. 7-3 E. Existing Conditions ......................................................................................................... 7-4

Groundwater and Wetlands ................................................................................................ 7-4 Ecological Communities ..................................................................................................... 7-5 Wildlife ............................................................................................................................... 7-7 Threatened, Endangered, and Special Concern Species ..................................................... 7-9

F. Future Without the Proposed Project ............................................................................. 7-10 G. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ..................................................................... 7-11

Groundwater and Wetlands .............................................................................................. 7-11 Ecological Communities ................................................................................................... 7-12 Wildlife ............................................................................................................................. 7-12 Threatened, Endangered, and Special Concern Species ................................................... 7-13

H. Mitigation for the Proposed Project ............................................................................... 7-14

8: Contaminated Materials ....................................................................................................... 8-1 A. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 8-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts .................................................................................. 8-2 C. Methodology .................................................................................................................... 8-2 D. Existing Conditions ......................................................................................................... 8-4

Long Island Rail Road Right-of-Way, LIRR Stations & Grade Crossings ........................ 8-4 Parking Garage Properties and Acquisition Parcels ........................................................... 8-8 Transport of Hazardous Materials By Freight Trains ......................................................... 8-8

E. Future Without the Proposed Project ............................................................................... 8-9 F. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ....................................................................... 8-9

Long Island Rail Road Right-of-Way, LIRR Stations & Grade Crossings ........................ 8-9 Parking Garage Locations ................................................................................................. 8-14

G. Mitigation for the Proposed Project ............................................................................... 8-15

9: Utilities and Related Infrastructure .................................................................................... 9-1 A. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 9-1 B. Existing Conditions ......................................................................................................... 9-1

Signals and Communication Lines ..................................................................................... 9-2 Gas Lines ............................................................................................................................ 9-2 Electric Power Lines ........................................................................................................... 9-3 Fiber Optic Cable and Telephone Lines ............................................................................. 9-5 Cable Television Lines ....................................................................................................... 9-6 Water and Sanitary Sewer Lines ......................................................................................... 9-6 Drainage Facilities .............................................................................................................. 9-6

C. Future Without the Proposed Project ............................................................................... 9-7 D. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ....................................................................... 9-7

Signals and Communication Lines ..................................................................................... 9-8 Gas Lines ............................................................................................................................ 9-8 Electric Power Lines ........................................................................................................... 9-8 Fiber Optic and Telephone Lines ..................................................................................... 9-10 Cable Television Lines ..................................................................................................... 9-10 Water and Sanitary Sewer Lines ....................................................................................... 9-11 Drainage Facilities ............................................................................................................ 9-11

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10: Transportation .................................................................................................................. 10-1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 10-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts ............................................................................... 10-2

Rail Service and Ridership ............................................................................................... 10-2 Bus Service ....................................................................................................................... 10-2 Vehicular Traffic .............................................................................................................. 10-2 Parking ............................................................................................................................. 10-3 Pedestrian Connectivity and Bicycle Access ................................................................... 10-3 Vehicular and Pedestrian Safety ....................................................................................... 10-4

C. Rail Service and Ridership ............................................................................................ 10-4 Passenger Rail Service ..................................................................................................... 10-4 Existing Conditions .......................................................................................................... 10-6 2020 No Build and Build Conditions ............................................................................... 10-8 2040 No Build and Build Conditions ............................................................................... 10-9 Hempstead and Oyster Bay Branches .............................................................................. 10-9 Passenger Rail Operations Summary ............................................................................. 10-10 Rail Freight Service/Operations ..................................................................................... 10-11 Ridership ........................................................................................................................ 10-12

D. Bus Service.................................................................................................................. 10-16 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 10-16 Existing Conditions ........................................................................................................ 10-16 Future Without the Proposed Project ............................................................................. 10-17 Future With the Proposed Project .................................................................................. 10-17

E. Vehicular Traffic ......................................................................................................... 10-17 Existing Conditions ........................................................................................................ 10-17 Future Conditions Without the Proposed Project (Year 2020) ...................................... 10-31 Future Conditions With the Proposed Project (Year 2020) ............................................ 10-39 Future Conditions Without the Proposed Project (Year 2040) ...................................... 10-52 Future Conditions With the Proposed Project (Year 2040) ............................................ 10-60 Emergency Vehicle and School Bus Travel Times ........................................................ 10-73

F. Parking ........................................................................................................................ 10-75 Existing Conditions ........................................................................................................ 10-76 Future Conditions Without and With the Proposed Project (Year 2020) ....................... 10-79 Future Conditions Without and With the Proposed Project (Year 2040) ....................... 10-81

G. Pedestrian Connectivity and Bicycle Access .............................................................. 10-83 Pedestrian Connectivity .................................................................................................. 10-83 Bicycle Access ............................................................................................................... 10-84

H. Vehicular and Pedestrian Safety ................................................................................. 10-85 Safety Study Areas ......................................................................................................... 10-85 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 10-85 Summary Findings ......................................................................................................... 10-86

11: Air Quality ........................................................................................................................ 11-1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 11-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts ............................................................................... 11-1 C. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 11-2

Regulatory Context .......................................................................................................... 11-2 Air Toxics ......................................................................................................................... 11-5


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Greenhouse Gases ............................................................................................................. 11-5 Pollutants of Concern ....................................................................................................... 11-5 Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 11-6

D. Existing Conditions ....................................................................................................... 11-9 NAAQS Attainment and Tip Inclusion Status .................................................................. 11-9

E. Future Without the Proposed Project ........................................................................... 11-10 F. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ................................................................... 11-10

Level of Service (LOS) Screening .................................................................................. 11-10 Capture Criteria Screening ............................................................................................. 11-12 Volume Threshold Screening ......................................................................................... 11-13 Conformity Determination .............................................................................................. 11-14

G. Mitigation for the Proposed Project ............................................................................. 11-15

12: Noise ................................................................................................................................... 12-1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 12-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts ................................................................................ 12-1 C. Methodology .................................................................................................................. 12-1

Fundamentals and Descriptors .......................................................................................... 12-2 Evaluation Criteria ............................................................................................................ 12-3 Operational Vibration Criteria .......................................................................................... 12-4 Screening Assessment ...................................................................................................... 12-5 Baseline Noise Monitoring ............................................................................................... 12-5 Noise Modeling Assumptions........................................................................................... 12-6 Vibration Modeling Assumptions ..................................................................................... 12-8

D. Existing Conditions ....................................................................................................... 12-9 Existing Measured Noise .................................................................................................. 12-9 Existing Predicted Noise................................................................................................. 12-10 Existing Predicted Vibration ........................................................................................... 12-11

E. Future Without the Proposed Project ........................................................................... 12-11 Noise ............................................................................................................................... 12-11 Vibration ......................................................................................................................... 12-12

F. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ................................................................... 12-12 Noise ............................................................................................................................... 12-12 Vibration ......................................................................................................................... 12-13 Noise and Vibration Reducing Features of the Proposed Project ................................... 12-14 Noise ............................................................................................................................... 12-14 Vibration ......................................................................................................................... 12-14

G. References ................................................................................................................... 12-16

13: Construction ...................................................................................................................... 13-1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 13-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts ................................................................................ 13-2

Socioeconomics ................................................................................................................ 13-2 Historic and Cultural Resources ....................................................................................... 13-3 Hazardous Materials ......................................................................................................... 13-3 Transportation ................................................................................................................... 13-4 Air Quality ........................................................................................................................ 13-4 Noise and Vibration .......................................................................................................... 13-6

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C. Measures to Minimize Community Impacts ................................................................. 13-7 1. Communication With Community ............................................................................... 13-7 2. Community Safety and Quality of Life ........................................................................ 13-8 3. Environmental Performance ......................................................................................... 13-8

D. Construction Description .............................................................................................. 13-9 Construction Schedule ...................................................................................................... 13-9 Construction Elements and Phasing ............................................................................... 13-10 Construction Elements in Subsections ........................................................................... 13-14 Construction Work Hours and Track Outages ............................................................... 13-25

E. Methodology ............................................................................................................... 13-26 F. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ................................................................... 13-26

Land Use and Community Character ............................................................................. 13-26 Socioeconomic Conditions ............................................................................................. 13-27 Environmental Justice .................................................................................................... 13-28 Visual Resources ............................................................................................................ 13-29 Historic and Archaeological Resources ......................................................................... 13-29 Natural Resources .......................................................................................................... 13-30 Hazardous and Contaminated Materials ......................................................................... 13-31 Transportation ................................................................................................................ 13-33 Air Quality...................................................................................................................... 13-40 Noise and Vibration ....................................................................................................... 13-43 Safety and Security ......................................................................................................... 13-51

14: Cumulative and Secondary Impacts ............................................................................... 14-1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 14-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts ............................................................................... 14-1 C. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 14-1 D. Existing Conditions ....................................................................................................... 14-2 E. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ..................................................................... 14-2

Cumulative Adverse and Beneficial Impacts ................................................................... 14-2 Secondary Impacts ........................................................................................................... 14-5

F. Mitigation ...................................................................................................................... 14-6

15: Safety and Security ........................................................................................................... 15-1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 15-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts ............................................................................... 15-1 C. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 15-1 D. Existing Conditions ....................................................................................................... 15-2 E. Future Without the Proposed Project ............................................................................ 15-4 F. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ..................................................................... 15-4 G. Safety & Security Measures .......................................................................................... 15-5 H. Mitigation ...................................................................................................................... 15-6

16: Electromagnetic Fields ..................................................................................................... 16-1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 16-1 B. Principal Conclusions and Impacts ............................................................................... 16-1 C. Background ................................................................................................................... 16-1 D. Existing Conditions ....................................................................................................... 16-3


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E. Future Without the Proposed Project ............................................................................. 16-4 F. Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ..................................................................... 16-4 G. Mitigation for the Proposed Project ............................................................................... 16-5

17: Climate Change ................................................................................................................. 17-1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 17-1

Principal Conclusions and Impacts ................................................................................... 17-2 B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions ........................................................................................... 17-3

Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 17-3 Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project ........................................................................ 17-6 GHG Emission Reduction Strategies for the Proposed Project ...................................... 17-10

C. Resilience to Climate Change...................................................................................... 17-10 Development of Policy to Improve Climate Change Resilience .................................... 17-10 Resilience of the Proposed Project to Climate Change .................................................. 17-13

18: Alternatives ........................................................................................................................ 18-1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 18-1 B. Alternatives Development ............................................................................................. 18-1 C. Alternatives Considered and Discarded......................................................................... 18-3

Main Line Corridor Improvements Project Alternative ................................................... 18-3 North Alignment Only Alternative ................................................................................... 18-3 South Alignment Only Alternative ................................................................................... 18-3 Elevated New Hyde Park Segment Alternative ................................................................ 18-4

D. Alternatives Evaluated ................................................................................................... 18-5 Proposed Project ............................................................................................................... 18-5 No Action Alternative....................................................................................................... 18-5 Transportation Systems Management Alternative ............................................................ 18-7 Upgrade Switches & Signals Only Alternative ................................................................ 18-8

E. Comparison of Alternatives ........................................................................................... 18-9 F. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 18-9

19: Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources ............................................ 19-1

20: Unavoidable Adverse Impacts ......................................................................................... 20-1

21: Public and Agency Participation ..................................................................................... 21-1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 21-1 B. Informational Materials ................................................................................................. 21-1

Project Website and Social Media .................................................................................... 21-1 Project Brochures and Press Releases .............................................................................. 21-2

C. Stakeholder Engagement ............................................................................................... 21-2 Project Office .................................................................................................................... 21-2

D. Agency Coordination ..................................................................................................... 21-3 E. Scoping Process ............................................................................................................. 21-3

Public Scoping Meetings .................................................................................................. 21-4 Scoping Comments ........................................................................................................... 21-4

F. DEIS Process ................................................................................................................. 21-5 DEIS Public Hearings ....................................................................................................... 21-5

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DEIS Comments ............................................................................................................... 21-6 FEIS Comments ............................................................................................................... 21-6

G. Ongoing Outreach ......................................................................................................... 21-6

Chapter 22: Responses to EIS Comments ............................................................................ 22-1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 22-1 B. Comments Pertaining to Purpose and Need .................................................................. 22-1

Improving Rail Service Reliability & Reducing Delays .................................................. 22-1 Reverse Peak and Intra-Island Service ............................................................................. 22-2 Safety At Grade Crossings ............................................................................................... 22-4 Economic Vitality & Regional Competitiveness ............................................................. 22-6 Freight Rail Operations .................................................................................................... 22-7 Project Cost and Funding ............................................................................................... 22-11 General Purpose and Need Comments ........................................................................... 22-12

C. Comments Pertaining to Project Elements .................................................................. 22-15 Rail Alignment, Interlockings, Bridges, & Substations ................................................. 22-15 Project Limits ................................................................................................................. 22-19 Retaining Walls and Sound Attenuation Walls .............................................................. 22-20 Rail Operations ............................................................................................................... 22-26 Rail Stations ................................................................................................................... 22-33 Station Parking Areas ..................................................................................................... 22-41 Grade Crossing Comments ............................................................................................. 22-52 LIRR Right-of-Way Maintenance .................................................................................. 22-63

D. Comments Pertaining to Environmental Effects ......................................................... 22-64 Land Use, Community Character, and Public Policy ..................................................... 22-64 Socioeconomic Conditions ............................................................................................. 22-69 Environmental Justice .................................................................................................... 22-79 Visual Resources ............................................................................................................ 22-80 Historic Resources .......................................................................................................... 22-83 Natural Resources .......................................................................................................... 22-85 Contaminated Materials ................................................................................................. 22-88 Utilities and Related Infrastructure ................................................................................ 22-89 Transportation ................................................................................................................ 22-96 Air Quality.................................................................................................................... 22-114 Noise ............................................................................................................................ 22-116

E. Comments Pertaining to the Construction Period ..................................................... 22-121 General Construction Comments ................................................................................. 22-121 Land Use and Community Character ........................................................................... 22-128 Socioeconomics Conditions ......................................................................................... 22-129 Environmental Justice .................................................................................................. 22-133 Visual Resources .......................................................................................................... 22-134 Natural Resources ........................................................................................................ 22-134 Contaminated Materials ............................................................................................... 22-135 Utilities ......................................................................................................................... 22-139 Construction Traffic ..................................................................................................... 22-141 Construction Parking .................................................................................................... 22-147 Construction Rail Operations ....................................................................................... 22-149 Construction Air Quality .............................................................................................. 22-150


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Construction Noise & Vibration ................................................................................... 22-151 Construction Safety & Security .................................................................................... 22-156 Cumulative and Secondary Impacts ............................................................................. 22-157 Safety and Security ....................................................................................................... 22-160 Electromagnetic Fields ................................................................................................. 22-160 Climate Change ............................................................................................................ 22-161 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources ............................................. 22-163 Unavoidable Adverse Impacts ...................................................................................... 22-163

F. Comments Pertaining to Alternatives ........................................................................ 22-164 General Comments Regarding Alternatives ................................................................. 22-164 No Action Alternative................................................................................................... 22-164 Grade Crossings Only Alternative ................................................................................ 22-165 Main Line Corridor Improvements Project Alternative ............................................... 22-166 Reconfigured Grade Crossings Alternative .................................................................. 22-166 Implement Other LIRR Capital Projects Only ............................................................. 22-166 Transportation Systems Management Alternative ........................................................ 22-167 Upgrade Switches & Signal Systems Only Alternative ................................................ 22-168 Other Suggested Alternatives ....................................................................................... 22-169

G. Comments Pertaining to the EIS Process .................................................................. 22-173 EIS Comment Period .................................................................................................... 22-173 Public Outreach ............................................................................................................ 22-174 Federal Oversight.......................................................................................................... 22-176 SEQRA Requirements .................................................................................................. 22-177 Incorporation of Scoping Comments ............................................................................ 22-177 Segmentation and Relationship to Other Projects ........................................................ 22-177 Project Sponsors / Responsible Agencies ..................................................................... 22-178 Involved Agencies / Approvals .................................................................................... 22-178

APPENDICES

1-A Preliminary Engineering Technical Memorandum

1-B Right-of-Way Aerials 1-C Grade Crossing Plans 1-D Complete Streets Policy Checklist 2-A LIRR Smart Growth Impact

Statement 2-B NYSDOT Smart Growth Screening

Tool 3 Socioeconomic Conditions 6 Historic Resources 6-A Phase 1A Archaeological

investigation 6-B SHPO Correspondence 7 Natural Resources 8 Contaminated Materials

8-A Project Corridor Report 8-B LIRR ROW and Grade Crossing

Site Investigation Report 8-C Parking Garage Phase I ESA 8-D Parking Garage Phase II Soil

Sampling Investigations 8-E Full Fee Acquisition Phase 1 EAS 9 Utilities and Related Infrastructure 10 Transportation 13 Construction 22A Website DEIS Comments 22B Written Comments 22C Oral Comments 22D Email and Phone Comments 22E Petitions

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List of Tables

S-1 LIRR Rail Operations: Existing Conditions, 2020 Conditions, and 2040 Conditions ................................................................................................................................. S-5

S-2 Bridges and Structures Along LIRR Main Line ...................................................... S-9

1-1 Main Line Events Causing Ten or More Late or Canceled Trains—2013 Through September 2016 ....................................................................................................... 1-5

1-2 Comparison of On-Time Performance for LIRR and Metro-North ...................... 1-11

1-3 LIRR Rail Operations: Existing Conditions, 2020 Conditions, and 2040 Conditions ... 1-13

1-4 LIRR Main Line Station “On’s and Off’s” During 4-Hour Peak Period (2014 Data) ... 1-14

1-5 Retaining Wall Locations and Details ................................................................... 1-22

1-6 Sound Attenuation Walls Included in the Proposed Project.................................. 1-23

1-7 Bridges and Structures Along LIRR Main Line .................................................... 1-27

1-8 Summary of Proposed Project Parking Gains and Losses ..................................... 1-34

1-9 Summary of Drainage Improvements At Grade Crossing Locations .................... 1-36

1-10 Summary of Anticipated Full Property Acquisitions ............................................ 1-37

1-11 Summary of Anticipated Partial Property Acquisitions ........................................ 1-37

1-12 Summary of Anticipated Permanent Easements ................................................... 1-38

1-13 Summary of Anticipated Public Row Impacts ...................................................... 1-38

2-1 Existing Land Use ................................................................................................... 2-7

2-2 No-Build Projects in the Study Area ..................................................................... 2-15

3-1 Floral Park Study Area Population and Housing Characteristics ............................ 3-5

3-2 New Hyde Park Study Area Population and Housing Characteristics .................... 3-5

3-3 Merillon Avenue Study Area Population and Housing Characteristics .................. 3-6

3-4 Mineola Study Area Population and Housing Characteristics ................................ 3-6

3-5 Carle Place Study Area Population and Housing Characteristics ........................... 3-7

3-6 Westbury Study Area Population and Housing Characteristics .............................. 3-7

3-7 Hicksville Study Area Population and Housing Characteristics ............................. 3-8

3-8 LIRR Main Line Study Area Population and Housing Characteristics ................... 3-8

3-9 Nassau County Population and Housing Characteristics ........................................ 3-9


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3-10 Businesses and Employment Profile of Study Areas and Relevant Municipalities ...... 3-10

3-11 Existing Property Tax Revenue—Anticipated Full Fee Property Acquisitions .... 3-13

3-12 Existing Property Tax Revenue—Anticipated Partial Property Acquisitions (Strip Takings) ................................................................................................................. 3-14

3-13 Existing Property Tax Revenue—Anticipated Permanent Easements .................. 3-15

3-14 General Budgets and Tax Levies ........................................................................... 3-16

3-15 Estimated Property Tax Reduction—Anticipated Full Property Acquisitions ...... 3-18

3-16 Estimated Property Tax Reduction—Anticipated Partial Property Acquisitions (Strip Takings) ................................................................................................................. 3-18

3-17 Estimated Property Tax Reduction—Anticipated Permanent Easements ............. 3-19

3-18 Estimated Property Tax Impacts of the Proposed Project ..................................... 3-20

3-19 Economic and Fiscal Benefits ............................................................................... 3-21

4-1 Environmental Justice Study Area Race and Population Data ................................ 4-4

6-1 Project Corridor—Architectural Resources ........................................................... 6-18

6-2 Study Area—Architectural Resources ................................................................... 6-19

7-1 Vegetation Identified Within the Study Area .......................................................... 7-6

7-2 Mammal Species With the Potential to Occur in the Study Area ............................ 7-7

7-3 Birds Documented by the 2000-2005 New York State Breeding Bird Atlas .......... 7-8

7-4 Reptiles and Amphibians Documented by the NYSDEC HERP Atlas Project in the Sea Cliff, Hicksville, Lynbrook, and Freeport Census Quadrangles ..................... 7-10

8-1 SVOC Exceedance Summary Table ...................................................................... 8-10

8-2 PCB Exceedance Summary Table ......................................................................... 8-11

8-3 Pesticides Exceedance Summary Table ................................................................. 8-12

8-4 Metals Exceedance Summary Table ...................................................................... 8-13

9-1 Study Area Utility Providers by Type ..................................................................... 9-2

9-2 PSEG-LI Electric Utilities ....................................................................................... 9-4

10-1 Existing Conditions—Daily and Peak Period Service Between Floral Park and Hicksville ............................................................................................................... 10-7

10-2 2020 No Build - Daily and Peak Period Service Between Floral Park and Hicksville ............................................................................................................................... 10-8

10-3 2020 Build - Daily and Peak Period Service Between Floral Park and Hicksville 10-8

10-4 2040 No Build - Daily and Peak Period Service Between Floral Park and Hicksville ............................................................................................................................... 10-9

10-5 2040 Build - Daily and Peak Period Service Between Floral Park and Hicksville 10-9

10-6 Number of Trains Stopping By Station (24-Hour Weekday Counts) .................. 10-11

Table of Contents

TOC-3 April 2017

10-7 Overall Ridership in the Study Area ................................................................... 10-14

10-8 No Build and Build Ridership Projections By Station ........................................ 10-15

10-9 2016 Existing Traffic Levels of Service Summary, New Hyde Park .................. 10-21

10-10 2016 Existing Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Mineola .............................. 10-25

10-11 2016 Existing Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Westbury ............................ 10-28

10-12 2017 Existing Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Hicksville ........................... 10-31

10-13 2020 No Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, New Hyde Park ................ 10-33

10-14 2020 No Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Mineola ............................ 10-35

10-15 2020 No Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Westbury .......................... 10-37

10-16 2020 No Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Hicksville ......................... 10-38

10-17 2020 Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, New Hyde Park Option 1: Four-Lane New Hyde Park Road Underpass and Closure of South 12th Street .......... 10-41

10-18 2020 Build Traffic Levels OF Service Summary, New Hyde Park Option 2 (Preferred): Five-Lane New Hyde Park Road Underpass and Closure of South 12th Street.................................................................................................................... 10-42

10-19 Queue Lengths At LIRR Grade Crossings, New Hyde Park ............................... 10-44

10-20 2020 Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Mineola Option 1 (Preferred): Two-Way Willis Avenue Underpass and Closure OF Main Street ............................. 10-46

10-21 2020 Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Mineola Option 2: One-Way Northbound Main Street and One-Way Southbound Willis Avenue Underpasses . 10-47

10-22 Queue Lengths At LIRR Grade Crossings, Mineola ........................................... 10-49

10-23 2020 Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Westbury ................................ 10-50

10-24 Queue Lengths At LIRR Grade Crossings, Westbury ......................................... 10-51

10-25 2020 Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Hicksville ............................... 10-52

10-26 2040 No Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, New Hyde Park ................ 10-54

10-27 2040 No Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Mineola ............................ 10-55

10-28 2040 No Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Westbury .......................... 10-57

10-29 2040 No Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Hicksville ......................... 10-59

10-30 2040 Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, New Hyde Park Option 1: Four-Lane New Hyde Park Road Underpass and Closure of South 12th Street .......... 10-61

10-31 2040 Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, New Hyde Park Option 2 (Preferred): Five-Lane New Hyde Park Road Underpass AND Closure OF South 12th Street ........................................................................................................... 10-62

10-32 Queue Lengths At LIRR Grade Crossings, New Hyde Park ............................... 10-64


April 2017 TOC-4

10-33 2040 Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Mineola Option 1 (Preferred): Two-Way Willis Avenue Underpass and Closure OF Main Street .............................. 10-65

10-34 2040 Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Mineola Option 2: One-Way Northbound Main Street and One-Way Southbound Willis Avenue Underpasses . 10-66

10-35 Queue Lengths At LIRR Grade Crossings, Mineola ........................................... 10-69

10-36 2040 Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Westbury ................................ 10-70

10-37 Queue Lengths At LIRR Grade Crossings, Westbury ......................................... 10-71

10-38 2040 Build Traffic Levels of Service Summary, Hicksville ................................ 10-72

10-39 Travel Times, New Hyde Park ............................................................................ 10-74

10-40 Travel Times, Mineola ......................................................................................... 10-75

10-41 Travel Times, Westbury ...................................................................................... 10-75

10-42 Existing Station Parking Capacity and Usage ..................................................... 10-76

10-43 Projected Year 2020 Parking Demand Without the Proposed Project................. 10-79

10-44 Projected Year 2040 Parking Demand Without the Proposed Project................. 10-81

10-45 Existing Peak Hour Pedestrian Volumes At Grade Crossings ............................. 10-83

10-46 Summary of Crash Data for Safety Study Areas (November 2012—October 2015) ............................................................................................................................. 10-86

10-47 Summary of Crash Data At or Near Grade Crossing Locations (November 2012—October 2015) ...................................................................................................... 10-87

11-1 National and New York State Ambient Air Quality Standards ............................. 11-2

11-2 Ambient Monitored Air Concentrations ................................................................ 11-9

11-3 LOS Screening Within Mineola Area .................................................................. 11-11

11-4 LOS Screening Within New Hyde Park Area ..................................................... 11-11

11-5 LOS Screening Within Westbury Area ............................................................... 11-11

11-6 LOS Screening Within Hicksville Area ............................................................... 11-12

11-7 Capture Criteria Screening Within Mineola Area ............................................... 11-12

11-8 Capture Criteria Screening Within New Hyde Park Area ................................... 11-12

11-9 Capture Criteria Screening Within Westbury Area ............................................. 11-13

11-10 Capture Criteria Screening Within Hicksville Area ............................................ 11-13

11-11 Volume Screening Thresholds for Signalized Intersections ................................ 11-13

11-12 Volume Screening Threshold for Two-Way Free Flow Sites ............................. 11-14

11-13 Volume Screening Thresholds for Signalized Intersections ................................ 11-14

11-14 Volume Screening for Two-Way Free Flow Sites ............................................... 11-14

Table of Contents

TOC-5 April 2017

12-1 FTA Land-Use Categories and Noise Metrics ...................................................... 12-3

12-2 Ground-Borne RMS Vibration and Noise Impact Criteria for Annoyance During Operations and Construction (VDB) ..................................................................... 12-5

12-3 Existing and Future LIRR Rail Operations (No. of Trains) .................................. 12-6

12-4 Baseline Noise Monitoring Results (dBA) .......................................................... 12-10

12-5 Predicted Noise Levels At Select Receptors Under the Proposed Project (dBA) 12-11

12-6 Predicted Vibration Levels At Select Receptors Under the Existing Condition and the Proposed Project (VDB) ................................................................................ 12-13

12-7 Sound Attenuation Walls Included in the Proposed Project................................ 12-14

13-1 Construction Traffic Analysis Results Summary .................................................. 13-5

13-2 Grade Crossing Construction Scenarios .............................................................. 13-37

13-3 Emissions from Construction Activities (Tons) .................................................. 13-41

13-4 FTA Construction Noise Criteria for A Detailed Assessment (dBA) ................. 13-44

13-5 FTA Construction Vibration Damage Criteria .................................................... 13-45

13-6 Construction Equipment Noise and Vibration Reference Levels ........................ 13-46

13-7 Duration of Typical Retaining Wall Construction .............................................. 13-48

13-8 Construction Noise Lot Line Limits .................................................................... 13-49

13-9 Local Noise Ordinances ...................................................................................... 13-49

14-1 Summary of Potential Cumulative Impacts ........................................................... 14-3

15-1 Summary of Crash Data at or Near Grade Crossing Locations (November 2012 – October 2015) ......................................................................... 15-3

16-1 Magnetic Field (mG) from Household Appliances ............................................... 16-2

18-1 Comparison of Proposed Project With Alternatives ............................................. 18-6


April 2017 TOC-6

List of Figures

S-1 Long Island Rail Road System ................................................................................ S-2

S-2 Project Area ............................................................................................................. S-2

S-3 System-Wide Effects of Delay ................................................................................ S-4

S-4 Recovery From Delay .............................................................................................. S-4

S-5 Existing Grade Crossings ........................................................................................ S-6

S-6 Existing Track Schematic ........................................................................................ S-8

S-7 Detailed Schematic .................................................................................................. S-8

S-8 Potential Station Improvements ............................................................................... S-8

1-1 Long Island Rail Road System Overview ................................................................ 1-4

1-2 Project Area ............................................................................................................. 1-4

1-3 Existing Track Schematic ........................................................................................ 1-4

1-4 Effects of Delays ...................................................................................................... 1-4

1-5 System-Wide Effects of Delay ................................................................................ 1-4

1-6 2015 On-Time Performance .................................................................................. 1-12

1-7 Existing Grade Crossings ...................................................................................... 1-14

1-8 Existing Grade Crossings ...................................................................................... 1-14

1-9 Existing Track Schematic ...................................................................................... 1-18

1-10 LIRR Main Line Expansion Project Proposed Track Schematic ........................... 1-18

1-11 Sound Barrier Wall ................................................................................................ 1-22

1-12 Merillon Avenue Station—Platforms .................................................................... 1-24

1-13 Merillon Avenue Station—Elevator ...................................................................... 1-24

1-14 Mineola Station—Platforms and Overpass ............................................................ 1-24

1-15 Carle Place Station—Main Entrance ..................................................................... 1-24

1-16 Westbury Station—Street View............................................................................. 1-24

1-17 Proposed Project Bridge Modifications ................................................................. 1-28

1-18 Typical LIRR Substation: Merillon Avenue .......................................................... 1-28

1-19 Covert Avenue Grade Crossing Existing Conditions ............................................ 1-30

Table of Contents

TOC-7 April 2017

1-20 Covert Ave Grade Crossing—Preferred Option Two-Way Underpass with Sidewalk, LIRR Tracks Raised Several Feet .......................................................................... 1-30

1-21 Rendering: Covert Avenue Grade Crossing Two-Way Underpass with Sidewalk, LIRR Tracks Raised Several Feet .......................................................................... 1-30

1-22 Rendering: Covert Avenue Grade Crossing Two-Way Underpass with Sidewalk, LIRR Tracks Raised Several Feet .......................................................................... 1-30

1-23 South 12th Street Grade Crossing Existing Conditions ......................................... 1-30

1-24 South 12th Street Grade Crossing—Preferred Option; Option 1: Permanent Crossing Closure with Pedestrian Underpass ........................................................................ 1-30

1-25 Option 2: One-Way Underpass with Sidewalk ...................................................... 1-30

1-26 Rendering: South 12th Street Grade Crossing Option 1: Permanent Crossing Closure with Pedestrian Underpass ..................................................................................... 1-30

1-27 Rendering: South 12th Street Grade Crossing Option 2: One-Way Underpass with Sidewalk ................................................................................................................. 1-30

1-28 New Hyde Park Road Grade Crossing Existing Conditions .................................. 1-30

1-29 New Hyde Park Road Grade Crossing—Preferred Option; Option 1: Five-Lane Underpass with Kiss and Ride Northwest of Tracks .............................................. 1-30

1-30 New Hyde Park Road Grade Crossing Option 2: Four-Lane Underpass with Kiss and Ride Southwest of Tracks ................................................................................ 1-30

1-31 Rendering: New Hyde Park Road Grade Crossing—Preferred Option; Option 1: Five-Lane Underpass with Kiss and Ride Northwest of Tracks ............................ 1-30

1-32 Rendering: New Hyde Park Road Grade Crossing Option 2: Four-Lane Underpass with Kiss and Ride Southwest of Tracks ................................................................ 1-30

1-33 Main Street Grade Crossing Existing Conditions .................................................. 1-30

1-34 Main Street Grade Crossing—Preferred Option; Option 1: Permanent Crossing Closure with Pedestrian Bridge ............................................................................................................ 1-30

1-35 Main Street Grade Crossing Option 2: One-Way Underpass with Pedestrian Bridge .... 1-30

1-36 Rendering: Main Street Grade Crossing—Preferred Option; Option 1: Permanent Crossing Closure with Pedestrian Bridge ............................................................... 1-30

1-37 Rendering: Main Street Grade Crossing Option 2: One-Way Underpass with Pedestrian Bridge ................................................................................................... 1-30

1-38 Willis Avenue Grade Crossing Existing Conditions .............................................. 1-30

1-39 Willis Avenue Grade Crossing—Preferred Option; Option 1: Two-Way Underpass .... 1-30

1-40 Willis Avenue Grade Crossing Option 2: One-Way Underpass ............................ 1-30

1-41 Rendering: Willis Avenue Grade Crossing—Preferred Option; Option 1: Two-Way Underpass ............................................................................................................... 1-30

1-42 Rendering: Willis Avenue Grade Crossing Option 2: One-Way Underpass .......... 1-30


April 2017 TOC-8

1-43 School Street Grade Crossing Existing Conditions ............................................... 1-30

1-44 School Street Grade Crossing Scenario 1A: Two-Way Underpass and Tracks Raised Several Feet ........................................................................................................... 1-30

1-45 School Street Grade Crossing—Preferred Option Scenario 1B: Two-Way Underpass and Tracks Raised Several Feet ............................................................................. 1-30

1-46 Rendering: School Street Grade Crossing Scenario 1A: Two-Way Underpass and Tracks Raised Several Feet .................................................................................... 1-30

1-47 Rendering: School Street Grade Crossing—Preferred Option; Scenario 1B: Two-Way Underpass and Tracks Raised Several Feet ................................................... 1-30

1-48 Rendering: School Street Grade Crossing—Preferred Option; Scenario 1B: Two-Way Underpass and Tracks Raised Several Feet ................................................... 1-30

1-49 Urban Avenue Grade Crossing Existing Conditions ............................................. 1-30

1-50 Urban Avenue Grade Crossing Scenario 1A: Two-Way Underpass with Sidewalk; LIRR Tracks Raised Several Feet .......................................................................... 1-30

1-51 Urban Avenue Grade Crossing—Preferred Option Scenario 1B: Two-Way Underpass with Sidewalk; LIRR Tracks Raised Several Feet ............................... 1-30

1-52 Rendering: Urban Avenue Grade Crossing Scenario 1A: Two-Way Underpass with Sidewalk; LIRR Tracks Raised Several Feet ......................................................... 1-30

1-53 Rendering: Urban Avenue Grade Crossing—Preferred Option; Scenario 1B: Two-Way Underpass with Sidewalk; LIRR Tracks Raised Several Feet ...................... 1-30

1-54 Rendering: Mineola South Parking Garage Between Main Street and Willis Avenue .. 1-34

1-55 Rendering: Harrison Avenue Parking Garage Southeast View ............................. 1-34

1-56 Rendering: Westbury Parking Garages .................................................................. 1-34

1-57 Rendering: Hicksville Parking Garages ................................................................. 1-34

1-58 Project Corridor/Study Area .................................................................................. 1-40

2-1A Land Use .................................................................................................................. 2-2

2-1B Land Use .................................................................................................................. 2-2

2-1C Land Use .................................................................................................................. 2-2

2-1D Land Use .................................................................................................................. 2-2

2-1E Land Use .................................................................................................................. 2-2

2-1F Land Use .................................................................................................................. 2-2

2-1G Land Use .................................................................................................................. 2-2

2-2 Floral Park Photographs .......................................................................................... 2-8

2-3 New Hyde Park Photographs ................................................................................... 2-8

2-4 Garden City Park Photographs .............................................................................. 2-10

2-5 Garden City Photographs ....................................................................................... 2-10

Table of Contents

TOC-9 April 2017

2-6 Mineola Photographs .............................................................................................. 2-12

2-7 Carle Place Photographs ......................................................................................... 2-12

2-8 Westbury Photographs ........................................................................................... 2-12

2-9 New Cassel Photographs ........................................................................................ 2-14

2-10 Hicksville Photographs .......................................................................................... 2-14

3-1 Socioeconomic Study Areas ..................................................................................... 3-4

4-1 Environmental Justice Communities ........................................................................ 4-6

5-1A Visual Assessment Location Map ............................................................................ 5-4

5-1A-1 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1A-2 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1A-3 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1A-4 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1A-5 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1A-6 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1A-7 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1A-8 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1A-9 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1A-10 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B Visual Assessment Location Map ............................................................................ 5-4

5-1B-1 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-2 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-3 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-4 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-5 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-6 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-7 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-8 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-9 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-10 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-11 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-12 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-13 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-14 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4


April 2017 TOC-10

5-1B-15 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-16 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1B-17 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C Visual Assessment Location Map............................................................................ 5-4

5-1C-1 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-2 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-3 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-4 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-5 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-6 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-7 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-8 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-9 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-10 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-11 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-12 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-13 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-14 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-15 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-16 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-17 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1C-18 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1D Visual Assessment Location Map............................................................................ 5-4

5-1D-1 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1D-2 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1D-3 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1D-4 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1D-5 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1D-6 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1D-7 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1D-8 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1D-9 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1D-10 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

Table of Contents

TOC-11 April 2017

5-1D-11 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E Visual Assessment Location Map ............................................................................ 5-4

5-1E-1 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-2 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-3 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-4 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-5 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-6 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-7 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-8 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-9 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-10 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-11 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-12 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-13 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-14 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-15 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-16 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1E-17 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1F Visual Assessment Location Map ............................................................................ 5-4

5-1F-1 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1F-2 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1F-3 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1F-4 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1F-5 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1F-6 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1F-7 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1F-8 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1F-9 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1F-10 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1G Visual Assessment Location Map ............................................................................ 5-4

5-1G-1 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1G-2 Photographs .............................................................................................................. 5-4


April 2017 TOC-12

5-1G-3 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1G-4 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1G-5 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1G-6 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1G-7 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1G-8 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1G-9 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-1G-10 Photographs ............................................................................................................. 5-4

5-2 Fifth Avenue—Floral Park .................................................................................... 5-20

5-3 Linden Avenue—Floral Park ................................................................................. 5-20

5-4 Floral Park Recreation Center................................................................................ 5-22

5-5 Floral Park Recreation Center................................................................................ 5-22

5-6 Premier Boulevard ................................................................................................. 5-24

5-7 Clinch Avenue and New Hyde Park Road—Garden City ..................................... 5-24

5-8 Nassau Haven Park—Garden City ........................................................................ 5-24

5-9 Main Avenue—Garden City .................................................................................. 5-26

5-10 Albertson Place—Mineola ..................................................................................... 5-28

5-11 Atlantic Avenue—Carle Place ............................................................................... 5-32

5-12 Railroad Avenue—Hamlet of New Cassel ............................................................ 5-36

6-1 Project Location and Archeological Sensitivity ...................................................... 6-2

6-2 Project Location and Architectural Resources Study Area Floral Park and Mineola .......................................................................................... 6-6

6-3 Project Location and Architectural Resources Study Area Carle Place, Westbury, and Hicksville .................................................................... 6-6

6-4 Project Corridor - Mineola Architectural Resources ............................................. 6-14

6-5 Study Area—Floral Park Architectural Resources ................................................ 6-18




6-9 Study Area—Mineola Architectural Resources..................................................... 6-18

6-10 Study Area—Mineola Architectural Resources..................................................... 6-18

6-11 Study Area—Carle Place and Westbury Architectural Resources ........................ 6-18

6-12 Study Area—Hicksville Architectural Resources ................................................. 6-18

Table of Contents

TOC-13 April 2017

7-1 Project Corridor ........................................................................................................ 7-2

7-2A NWI Wetlands/Nassau County Stormwater Basins ................................................. 7-4

7-2B NWI Wetlands/Nassau County Stormwater Basins ................................................. 7-4

7-2C NWI Wetlands/Nassau County Stormwater Basins ................................................. 7-4

7-2D NWI Wetlands/Nassau County Stormwater Basins ................................................. 7-4

7-2E NWI Wetlands/Nassau County Stormwater Basins ................................................. 7-4

7-2F NWI Wetlands/Nassau County Stormwater Basins ................................................. 7-4

7-2G NWI Wetlands/Nassau County Stormwater Basins ................................................. 7-4

8-1 Contaminated Materials Study Sites ........................................................................ 8-2






















10-1 Study Area Bus Service ........................................................................................ 10-16

10-2 Traffic Study Area—New Hyde Park .................................................................. 10-18

10-3 Traffic Study Area—Mineola .............................................................................. 10-22


April 2017 TOC-14

10-4 Traffic Study Area—Westbury ............................................................................ 10-26

10-5 Traffic Study Area—Hicksville ........................................................................... 10-30

12-1 Typical A-Weighted Noise Levels ........................................................................ 12-2

12-2 Typical Ground-Borne Vibration Levels ............................................................... 12-2

12-3 FTA Project Noise Impact Criteria ........................................................................ 12-4

12-4 FTA Increase in Cumulative Noise Levels Allowed by Criteria ........................... 12-4

12-5 Noise-Monitoring Sites Along Project Corridor .................................................... 12-6

12-6 Measured LIRR Locomotive Ground-Surface Vibration Curves ........................ 12-10

12-7a Noise Reduction, Operations (dBA): Existing - Mitigated Build ........................ 12-12

12-7b Noise Reduction, Operations (dBA): Existing - Mitigated Build ........................ 12-12

12-7c Noise Reduction, Operations (dBA): Existing - Mitigated Build ........................ 12-12

12-7d Noise Reduction, Operations (dBA): Existing - Mitigated Build ........................ 12-12

12-7e Noise Reduction, Operations (dBA): Existing - Mitigated Build ........................ 12-12

12-7f Noise Reduction, Operations (dBA): Existing - Mitigated Build ........................ 12-12

12-7g Noise Reduction, Operations (dBA): Existing - Mitigated Build ........................ 12-12

13-1a Construction Schedule ......................................................................................... 13-10

13-1b Construction Schedule ......................................................................................... 13-10

13-1c Construction Schedule ......................................................................................... 13-10

17-1 Projected Flood Zones -- 2100 ............................................................................ 17-14