Oklahoma Chapter of the American Planning Association

2016 Annual Conference Lone Wolf, OK – October 27th

Today’s Presentation

Research Team

Location of Assessment Reports

Why the study was done and how

Disaster Resiliency

Fair Housing

Housing market

Lead-Based Paint

How information is being used and could be used

Owen S. “Chip” Ard, MAI Senior Managing Director oard@irr.com David Puckett Senior Director dpuckett@irr.com Integra Realty Resources – Tulsa / OKC Market Study & Appraisal Services 918-492-4844

Byron DeBruler byron@debrulerinc.com Wanda DeBruler wanda@debrulerinc.com DeBruler Inc. 405-396-2032

K. Meghan Wieters, AICP, Ph.D. Assistant Professor kmeghanwieters@ou.edu Bryce C. Lowery Assistant Professor bryce.c.lowery@ou.edu Regional and City Planning The University of Oklahoma College of Architecture Dawn F. Jourdan, esq., Ph.D. Professor Now at: Texas A&M College of Architecture

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Study Website

OHFA-Full Assessment On-line:

Oklahomahousingneeds.org

Why Was Assessment Conducted?

Hurricane Sandy & Community Development Block Grant-Disaster Recovery Provided Opportunity to States with disaster designation—bricks & mortar & planning

for preparedness

To identify future housing needs; assess the state of Fair Housing; extent of lead-based paint hazards; and

consider all in terms of disaster resiliency

Methodology & Data Sources

Data combination of Census, Nielsen, Dept. of Labor, publically available addresses, OU Center for Spatial Analysis, & real-time interviews with chambers, SSPDs, city officials, local service providers, USHUD, county assessors, state & local disaster management personnel, etc.

Local real-time data harvested by a team of graduate students from a variety of disciplines

As You Hear The Findings Consider This

National Low Income Housing Coalition

“Out of Reach 2016”

OK FMR 2/bed apt. $745 per mo.

Avg. renter hourly wage is $13.33

To afford 2/bed FMR w/out rent burden need hourly wage of $14.33 or be a 2 wage earner

household working combined 79 hours per week

Vulnerable Populations

Social Vulnerability Analysis - Cleveland County

Base Social Vulnerability Indicators (%) 2nd Order 3rd Order

1.) Single Parent Households 13.35% 0.197 (Child Care Needs)

2.933 Social Vulnerability 'Hotspot' or Area of

Concern

2.) Population Under 5 6.31%

3.) Population 65 or Above 10.66% 0.17 (Elder Needs) 4.) Population 65 or Above Poverty Rate 6.38%

5.) Workers Using Public Transportation 0.49% 0.039 (Transportation Needs) 6.) Occupied Housing Units w/o Vehicle 3.45%

7.) Housing Unit Occupancy Rate 91.23%

2.33 (Temporary Shelter

and Housing Recovery Needs)

8.) Rental Occupancy Rate 32.61%

9.) Non-White Population 25.02%

10.) Population in Group Quarters 4.30%

11.) Housing Units Built Prior to 1990 60.24%

12.) Mobile Homes, RVs, Vans, etc. 6.77%

13.) Poverty Rate 12.87%

14.) Housing Units Lacking Telephones 1.59%

0.196 (Civic Capacity

Needs)

15.) Age 25+ With Less Than High School Diploma 9.10%

16.) Unemployment Rate 5.48%

17.) Age 5+ Which Cannot Speak English Well or Not At All 3.43%

Sources: Shannon Van Zandt, Texas A&M, Hazard Planning materials, and 2009-2013 American Community Survey, Tables B11003, B01001, B17001, B08301, B25044, B25001, B25042, B02001, B03002, B26001, B25036, B17001, B25043, S1501, B23025 & B06007

Social Vulnerability Index

Overview of State by Census Tract – Social Vulnerability

Disaster Resiliency

• Hazard exposure

• Physical Vulnerability

• Social Vulnerability

Shannon Van Zandt et al, (2014)Planning for Community Resilience: A Handbook for Reducing Vulnerability to Disasters

Vulnerability to Disasters

45% of Oklahoma counties (or major city) have a Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) in place or in progress. There are 38 counties or cities that have identifiable storm shelter registries. 61 cities or counties have some level of warning sirens within urbanized areas.

Disaster Resiliency - OKC MSA

Making Vulnerable Communities More Disaster Resilient

Prepare Hazard Mitigation Plans with vulnerable populations in mind Strengthen building codes Specifically plan for the resiliency needs of low income renters. Address safe rooms/storm shelter needs for all residents (multifamily, mobile homes, and other vulnerable populations)

Fair Housing

Fair housing addresses discrimination in the provision of housing as well as discrimination in access to opportunities provided by the location of affordable housing.

Fair Housing

In 2014, The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development released the Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing Rule (AFFH) for public comment. It directs HUD program participants to take significant actions to:

• overcome historic patterns of segregation, • achieve balanced and integrated living

patterns, • promote fair housing choice, and • foster inclusive communities that are free

from discrimination.

Fair Housing

In 2015, the United States Supreme Court provided legal support for actions taken to remedy patterns that impede the upward mobility and opportunity of low-income individuals and communities. In Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. The Inclusive Communities Project the court reiterated the need to address disparate impacts in considering the location of affordable housing and reinforced the importance of AFFH.

Fair Housing in Oklahoma

• Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) • Rural Rental Housing Loans • Oklahoma Affordable Housing Tax

Credit • Oklahoma Housing Finance Authority

Programs • HOME Investment Partnership • Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher

Program • Multi-family bonds

Key Findings

Affordable housing units are located in census tracts:

• marked by poverty

• where a majority of the residents are not white

• with limited service, on-demand transit

• Within 15 miles of a hospital

• not necessarily without access to food

Concentrated Poverty • Approximately 70% of affordable housing units

are located in census tracts where the number of residents living in poverty is above the state average.

Concentrated in Non-white Enclaves

• Just over 60% of affordable housing units in Oklahoma are located in census tracts where a majority of the residents are non-white.

Key Findings Immigrant Enclaves • One-third of affordable housing units are located in a

census tract where the number of immigrant residents is above average.

Limited English Proficiency • Almost 17,000 existing affordable housing units are

located in a census tract where residents do not speak English very well.

Disabled Residents • Almost 60% of affordable housing units are located in a

census tract where more residents than average have a disability.

Fair Housing Recommendations

• Integrate new affordable low-income and workforce housing into a more diverse set of communities, and

• Increase opportunities for existing workforce and affordable housing residents to stay in place, become self-sufficient, and participate in determining the future of their neighborhood.

Major Findings - Statewide

• 66,821 total housing units needed between 2016-2020 (43,942 for ownership, 22,879 for rent)

• 7,454 affordable housing units for ownership (under 60% AMI)

• 11,630 affordable housing units for rent (under 60% AMI)

• 5,486 affordable housing units for persons age 62 and up

• 7,410 affordable housing units for persons with one or more disabilities

Blaine Canadian Custer Beckham Woodward Texas

Oklahoma Tulsa Cleveland

1,300

1,350

1,400

1,450

1,500

1,550

1,600

1,650

1,700

1,750

$0.00

$20.00

$40.00

$60.00

$80.00

$100.00

$120.00

$140.00

$160.00

Oklahoma Total Employment versus Crude Oil Prices

Employment (Thsnds) Crude Oil (WTI)

-5.00%

-4.00%

-3.00%

-2.00%

-1.00%

0.00%

1.00%

2.00%

3.00%

4.00%

-100.00%

-50.00%

0.00%

50.00%

100.00%

150.00%

200.00%

12-Month Trailing - Employment versus Crude Oil Prices

Employment Crude Oil (WTI)

Current Supply of Affordable Rental Housing in Oklahoma

Program Estimated # of

Units Public Housing 13,000 Project-Based Section 8 13,000 USDA Section 515 7,500 Affordable Housing Tax Credit 21,000 Housing Choice Vouchers 25,000 HOME Investment Partnerships Program 1,000 Among All Six Programs 80,500

This represents approximately 4.65% of Oklahoma’s total housing stock in 2015 (1,732,484 housing units).

Lead-Based Paint Hazard Findings

• 240,229 housing units with lead-based paint hazards, representing 16.8% of Oklahoma’s total occupied housing stock

• 113,931 of these housing units (47.4%) occupied by households with low to moderate incomes

• 37,426 of housing units w/LBPHs have children age 6 or younger present (2.61% of total housing stock)

• 19,761 of those units (52.7%) are occupied by households with low to moderate incomes

How Assessment’s Being Used

Heighten Legislative Awareness

Support Programmatic Change at State Level LIHTC Resolutions of Support

Encourage sites that provide economic diversity

Redesign LIHTC competitive selection system

How Communities Can Use Findings

Developer & Affordable Housing Friendly Environment

Link website to your county's/community's study

Educate community about affordable housing---develop accurate understanding of who constitutes low-income populations

Establish development initiatives and incentives

Use data in applications for CD/ED funding