T H E

London Philatelist:THE MONTHLY JOURNAL OF

THE ROYAL PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON.

VOL. XXIX. FEBRUARY, 1920. No. 338.

The Seventh Philatelic Congress.

AS our readers are by this time aware, the Seventh PhilatelicCongress of Great Britain and Ireland takes place atNevvcastle-on-Tyne on Tuesday, the 25th of May next,and the three following days.

The Chairman is Mr. W. J. Cochrane, of Sunderland.The Vice-Chairman, Mr. M. H. Horsley, J.P., of WestHartlepool. Whilst the Chairman of the PermanentCommittee is our esteemed President, Mr. E. D. Bacon;

M.V.o., in pJace of our dear old friend, Major E. B. Evans,who has held the position since the Congress's inception,but who to our regret and loss has left London to residein the country.

With such officials, and with a strong working Committee, includingMajor C. L. Bagnall, D.s.O., M.C., and Mr. Hugh R. Viall, and such a hard-working and capable Honorary Secretary as Mr. J. Stanley Telfer, both theserious and the lighter side of Philately will certainly receive every attention,and assume a considerable importance.

Time, as our lamented Secretary Mr. J. A. Tilleard once stated, mustelapse before solid results can be expected to arise from the general wisdomgradually developed from the experience gained by frequent meetings andinterchange of ideas ; but our readers may rest assured that our north-country friends will neglect neither the scientific side of Philately nor theincreased facilities for the acquisition of stamps by collectors or their disposalby the dealers.

The delegates from the Royal are our President, Baron Percy de Wormsand Messrs. L. E. Bradbury and J. L. Green. The special subjects for dis-cussion and the exact forms of social entertainment are so far unknown tous, but all visitors—and we hope they will be many—may feel certain that

24 "HAROLD ROW" COLLECTION OF THE STAMPS OF SIAM.

they will be of abiding interest, as the abounding vitality of the North is onlyequalled by its hospitality—Creole experto.

Everything points to the assured future of these philatelic congresses,and as Philately is at the moment so decidedly on the up-grade from everypoint of view, we can only hope that the discussions may be bright, alllabours fruitful, and the Congress generally a record success.

The "Harold Row" Collection of the Stamps ofSiam.

BY E. D. BACON.

THE announcement of the death of Mr. Richard WittiamsHarold Row, B.sc., F.L.S., F.Z.S., who had been a Fellow ofthe Society for some years, appeared in the number of theLondon Philatelist for April last, and an intimation was, atthe same time, made that his collection of Siamese stampshad been offered to and accepted by the Trustees of the

British Museum.As this is the most important collection of stamps which has been pre-

sented to the Museum since 1891, when the magnificent bequest of the lateMr. T. K. Tapling, M.P., was received, philatelists, to whom the collection isunknown, will, I feel sure, like to have a description of the latest philatelicacquisition of the nation.

The collection is contained in twenty-two "Facile Oriel" albums,, andthere are a number of large pages on which entire sheets and blocks ofstamps, too big to be mounted in the albums, are displayed. Of the twenty-two volumes one is filled with post-cards and letter-cards, two others withpostmarked specimens of Siamese stamps used in Kedah, previous to theissue of distinctive stamps in that country, and one with similarly usedspecimens in Kelantan. The stamps of Siam comprise all issues down tothe date of Mr. Row's death, and include the set overprinted for the RedCross Fund. Essays and proofs are also included, and specimens arepresent of practically all the rare types and errors found amongst the sur-charged issues. The whole collection has been very tastefully mounted and"written up," under the instructions of the late owner, by Messrs. FrankGodden, Limited, and the particulars given on the pages of the differentissues and varieties are all that could be desired.

Mr. Row was the recognised authority on the stamps of Siam, and his un-timely death, in early middle life, is a great loss to Philately. He had madesuch a profound study of the difficult points connected with the numeroussurcharged issues, of which he had amassed an immense number of speci-mens, that it is not surprising his collection forms one of the most highlyspecialized accumulations of the stamps of any one country that has ever

"HAROLD ROW" COLLECTION OF THE STAMPS OF SIAM. 25

been put together. The collection will be invaluable for future referencepurposes, and the thanks of the whole philatelic community are due to thegenerosity of Mrs. Row, his mother, who presented it to the Museum infulfilment of her son's wishes.

Mr. Row had written some instructive articles on the stamps of hisfavourite country, which it may be useful to collectors to enumerate here.The first series, which bore the title " The Adhesive Postage Stamps ofSiam," appeared in the Stamp Lover, and was afterwards published in 1912in a handbook of seventy-five pages as No. 4 of " Stamp Lover Booklets."The second was a paper read before the Society on " The Plates of the 1905Permanent Issue of Siam." This will be found in the London Philatelist of1918, Vol. XXVII., pp. 2, 42, 65.

But the result of his greatest philatelic research remains at present un-published. I refer to the Paper he read before the Society on December I3th.1917, on the knotty problem of the types of the " I tical" surcharge on theOne Solot of the first issue. The application of a surcharge, whichaugmented the original value of the stamp no less than 128 times, wascontrary to the almost universal custom of choosing a stamp of a higherdenomination to that of the value to be surcharged upon it. The result ofthis mistake was that the temptation to fraud was too great to be missed bythe wily natives of the country, and no sooner had the " i- tical" provisionalbeen issued than forgeries of the surcharge were made to defraud the PostOffice. Several types of the surcharge are known, and it is quite a mootpoint at the present day as to which of these are genuine and which forgeries.Mr. Row had spent an immense amount of time on investigating this ques-tion, and in collaboration with collectors in Siam had compiled an exhaustivetreatise on the subject. In this he gave all the evidence he had been ableto collect for and against the different types, and specified which of thesehe considered to be genuine and those he rejected as spurious. It is verydesirable that this important philatelic study of the late Mr. Row shouldbe published for the benefit of collectors, and I hope that this will be donebefore long.

In conclusion, I add a copy of the notice, which has been attached to theinside cover of each album of the collection since it was received at theMuseum : " This collection of Siamese stamps, comprised in twenty-twovolumes, was brought together and arranged by R. W. Harold Row, B.SC.,F.L.S., F.Z.S., Assistant Lecturer and Demonstrator in Zoology at King'sCollege in the University of London, who died on i6th February, 1919,while engaged in Research Work at the Pathological Laboratory of theFourth London General Hospital (Malaria Department) undertaken duringthe Great War. In accordance with his wish it was presented by his mother,Eliza Row, of Mount Vernon, Exeter, to the British Museum, and acceptedby the Trustees nth October, 1919."

[ 26 ]

The Royal Philatelic Society's Medals.BY F. J. PEPLOW.

IN the early part of the year 1914 the Royal Philatelic Society,acting upon proposals made by a special sub-committeeappointed to consider the matter, resolved to institute threemedals as awards for philatelic study and research.. Thereport of the sub-committee, which was adopted and publishedin its entirety in the London Philatelist, May, 1914 (Vol.

XXIII., p. no), sets out the conditions of the awards, and it will besufficient to indicate the general terms of those conclusions. The medalsto be offered are : (i) the " Crawford " medal, silver gilt, for a published con-tribution to philatelic knowledge; (2) the " Tapling " medal, for a paper readbefore the Society; and (3) the " Tilleard" medal for a display by anymember of the Society. The Crawford medal is open to all the world, theTapling and Tilleard medals are restricted to members of the RoyalPhilatelic Society. It was intended that the first awards should be made atthe Annual General Meeting in June, 1914, but this was not possible, andthe events of the last five years militated against further action.

The Council of the Society has now decided to proceed at once with thenecessary measures to bring the awards into being, and, if possible, to in-augurate the same during the present year. There is a certain fitness in thepresent stage of the history of the Society, when it finds itself, at the termi-

• nation of fifty years' existence, with the roll of Fellows completed for thefirst time, with every sign of a prosperous and active future and withPhilately in general never more in the ascendant, for the issue of these threemedals and for the Society to place its cachet not only upon the work of itsmembers, but in the case of the Crawford medal—which will probably bethe most coveted distinction—upon that of the whole philatelic world.

With a view to securing that the design of the medals finally adoptedshall benefit by a consensus of opinion, the Council has decided to invitemembers of the Society to bring forward suggestions, and it is open tomembers to submit sketches for the design, which may be either their ownwork or that of any one they may select. For the present, at least, nodesigns can be sent in except by a member of the Society. It is intendedthat the obverse of all three medals shall be the same; this must containthe words " ROYAL PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON " in the design, and thechief detail of this side will be the selection of a suitable emblem, havingreference either to the Society particularly or to Philately in general. Thereverse must contain the words "THE CRAWFORD MEDAL," or "THETAPLING MEDAL," or " THE TILLEARD MEDAL," and must also providesufficient space in the centre to permit the name of the recipient and thedate to be engraved. The medal should be about two inches in diameter,and it is intended that the three medals shall vary as to their design only in

THE POSTAGE STAMPS OF VENEZUELA 27

the name specifying the particular award. The Council hopes that manymembers will participate in the suggestion; it is not intended to be com-petitive, nor are the usual money prizes for such events proposed, thoughthe Council may take any action in this respect which, in its opinion, specialcircumstances merit. Its object is to secure the assistance of members inobtaining a design which shall be worthy of the Society and of the nameswhich the medals will perpetuate, and even though no acceptable design mayactually result from the Council's action, there must be in the aggregatemuch useful suggestion.

All communications must be received by the Honorary Secretary,4, Southampton Row, W.C. 2, not later than i May, 1920; they should bedescribed or drawn as carefully as possible, and should be limited strictlyto design of a suitable medal. The Council will publish in the LondonPhilatelist full particulars of the result of its invitation.

The Postage Stamps of Venezuela.BY THOMAS W. HALL AND L. W. FULCHER.

( Continued from page 4. )

WE now come to the second group of types of this value.It is worth while repeating the statement that we havenot found any of these types se-tenant with any of theeighteen types of the stamps of the first group. Wegive below the distinguishing marks of thirty-threetypes which we have found, but these are at present

only to be regarded as provisional, as in most cases only one or two copieshave been seen, and it is not impossible that a few may be ultimately foundto be identical. These are :—

1. Six or seven pearls opposite position b break into white oval. Whitespace above oval B. Ornament above oval B extends downwardsto right with thick termination.

2. Similar to No. i, but white gap above oval B not so extensive. Rightextension of ornament above B thinner.

3. White oval below bust practically obliterated. Only stump of orna-ment above oval B. Circular coloured mark S.E. of oval B.

4. Thick line at position a at right end of stump of ornament overoval A. Thick irregular line in white oval above " ENTIM," withthick beginning over the " E." Coloured circular mark on body of" 5 " in oval B, near the inside edge of the figure.

5. Short stump of ornament over oval A. White oval under bustpractically obliterated from " c " to " s " of " CENTIMOS " and verynarrow at position b. Stump of ornament over oval B touches theoval.

28 THE POSTAGE STAMPS OF VENEZUELA.

6. Two pearls opposite " C" break into white oval, which is practicallyobliterated as far as " T " of " CENT " and widens again over " s''and contains a smudge of colour at position b. Very small stumpof ornament over oval B with clear space between it and the oval B-White circular flaw connecting the back of the "c" of " CENTIMOS "with oval A.

7. Broad white space over oval B and extra broken coloured line roundtop right side of oval B between the thick projection of right endof stump of ornament above and the side of the oval. All pearlsclear of white oval, which is rather broad and contains a faintcoloured mark over the " E " of " CENT."

8. Six pearls above "CE" break into white ova!, which is very narrow.9. Two or three pearls above " C," four pearls above " NTI" and two

pearls opposite position b break into white oval. Very short stumpof ornament above oval B with white space between it and theoval.

10. Long and very thick coloured line in white oval from right end ofornament over oval A round base of bust as far as position b.

11. White oval very broad at base of bust with projection of colour fromright end of ornament over oval A. Dash over " E " of " CE " andline over K NTIM " in middle of white oval.

12. The white oval contains a coloured line from right end of ornamentover oval A, very thin as far as "C," thickens over " CE," continuesthin over " EN " and thickens over " TI," where it ends, but there is athin short continuation over " o." Coloured circular mark on whiteedge of oval B.

13. Short line in white oval over "c" and line over "NTIMO."14. Very short stump of ornament over oval B with wide white gap

between it and the oval B containing a broken line of colour roundthe upper curve of the oval. White oval almost closed fromposition a to letter " C " of " CENTIMOS."

15. One or two pearls above "o" break into white oval, which is clearand narrow, widening a little at position a. Coloured dot abovedesign vertically above " L " of " ESCUELAS." Small speck of colouroutside oval A at a level with the bottom of the figure " 5."

16. Broad white oval round base of bust with thin coloured line above" EN " and smudged coloured line above " IMO." Short stump ofornament over oval B.

17. Four pearls above "MOS" break into clear broad white oval roundbase of bust.

18. Broad white space to right side of ornament over oval B. Whiteoval round base of bust moderately broad and clear. White spotunder body of " 5 " in oval A.

19. Very thick line of colour in white oval from end of ornament on leftover " CENTI."

20. Broad clear white oval under base of bust. Ornament over oval Aseparated from it by a clear interval. Short stump of ornamentover B separated from it by a good interval.

THE POSTAGE STAMPS OF VENEZUELA. 29

21. Broad clear white oval under base of bust. Left side of ornamentover oval A meets A in a thick line. Ornament over oval Btouches B and projects to right in a fine curve.

22. Clear oval round base of bust. Ornament over oval A close to topof oval. Ornament over oval B touches B with thin extension ofright point. Break in frame of oval A at bottom.

23. Broad white oval under base of bust containing a thick line startingfrom the right end of the ornament over oval A and continuingsomewhat irregularly as far as the letter " M" of " CENTIMOS."Thick projection to right end of ornament over oval B. Small fineline in white oval at position b.

24. Three pearls over the letter " I" break into white oval. Wide gapunder ornament over oval B.

25. One pearl over the letter "O" breaks into white oval. Short stumpof ornament over oval A with clear space between it and theoval A.

26. Very broad clear white oval under bust. Right end of ornament overA projects in a thick stroke into white oval. White gap betweenornament over oval B and the oval.

27. Very short stump of ornament over oval B clear of the oval. Whiteflaws on edge of the coloured ground of both ovals A and B overthe top of the figures " 5."

28. Fine line in broad white oval over " TIM" near the edge of thecoloured ground. Coloured dot at end of curve of ornament onright.

29. Three pearls over the letters " CE " break into the white oval.Ornament over the oval A close to the oval and the right end of itjoins on to the coloured ground.

30. Fine narrow white oval under bust. Right end of ornament over theoval B ends in a thin curve by right side of the oval.

31. Clear oval round base of bust. Ornament over oval A touches ovalon right side with a thick end and on left is clear of the oval.Short extension of right end of ornament over oval B.

32. White oval practically obliterated under base of bust. Short stumpof ornament over oval A hardly touches the oval. Ornament overoval B extends to right in a pointed line, and there is a furthercoloured dash at the end of it inside the curve of the outer portionof the ornament.

33. Two or three pearls opposite position b break into white oval, which- is narrow but clear under the base of the bust. Ornaments over

ovals A and B close to and touching the ovals.

(To be continued.')

338*

"Catalogue Bank"BY EDWARD B. EVANS.

AS an old collector, who some years ago made various attemptsat the compilation of stamp catalogues, I was much interestedby the Editorial with the above title which appeared in theDecember number of The London Philatelist. The subject isone that appears to me to be well deserving of the careful

'study of philatelists in general, and especially of the RoyalPhilatelic Society, which has done so much in the past, and will, I.hope, con-tinue in the future to provide us with works which may justly claim (to usethe expression in a different sense) to be of something more than " CatalogueRank."

What do we mean by " Catalogue Rank " ? For the matter of that, whatdo we mean by a Catalogue ? There are catalogues and catalogues, and thereare varieties which should certainly be included in a catalogue of one classwhich would equally certainly be out of place in one of another class. Allworks which contain lists of stamps may be said to be catalogues of somekind, and we may well say that all recognisable varieties have a claim to beincluded in lists .that profess to be scientifically complete; but at the sametime they should be so arranged and classified as to show their relativeimportance and significance, and here, I suppose, we shall have to decidewhich of the various classes thus formed are to claim what we eventuallyagree to term " Catalogue Rank."

I have long been of opinion that far too great importance has been givento varieties of perforation, if considered solely as such. Perforation, after all,is merely a method of separating the stamps from one another without theuse of a pair of scissors ; they are (or rather should be) entirely outside thedesign of the stamp itself, and looked at from that point of view mightalmost be disregarded. On the other hand, we may define a stamp as" a piece of paper bearing a certain design," and thus say that the whole ofthat bit of paper is part of the stamp and therefore any variations in it, or inthe condition of its edges, are variations in the stamp. But then a littlequestion arises: What about many of the earlier stamps of Great Britainand British Colonies, a certain proportion of which (one-sixth in fact) con-sisted of bits of paper of a different size and shape from the rest, having ablank space at one side or the other? These are not usually regarded asrecognisable varieties, but rather, I believe, as undesirable copies.

The fatal fascination of varieties of perforation, of course, lies' in the factthat they are so perfectly easy to describe and to distinguish, and in the caseof a dealer's catalogue, where it is necessary to cut short the descriptivematter as much as possible, and desirable to include all possible varieties,there is a great temptation to multiply the lists of different perforations.Except where these variations are due to the employment of differentmachines at different periods, thus implying different printings of the stamps

"CATALOGUE RANK". St-

and probably accompanied by variations of shade, paper, etc., I wouldsuggest that such varieties should not be regarded as worthy of being separ-ately listed, but should be included in one list, with the various perforationsand their origin described in the heading; if certain values are only knownto exist with one or more of the various perforations, such should of coursebe stated.

Variations in what I would term the stamps themselves—colour, shade,watermark, paper—are to my mind of very much greater importance; butsome of these are very difficult to describe, or for one person to recognisefrom another person's description. Red, blue,green, are easy enough to distin-guish, but there are innumerable varieties of those colours (not mere shades),and the purples, violets, mauves, etc., present still greater differences ; shadesagain may distinguish entirely different editions, and thus illustrate importantpoints in the history of the stamps, or they may only show a differencebetween the stamps printed in the morning and those produced in the after-noon of the same day.

Again, what are we to say about unintentional variations in the design ofa stamp? These are of two very different classes, which I should term—Varieties of drawing and engraving; and Flaw Varieties. I think that theformer, which I would call Actual Varieties, are far more important than thelatter, but for some years past the attention of philatelic students has beenalmost entirely devoted to the Flaw Varieties, of which some most elaboratelists have been published in the leading magazines.

In the old days a great deal of attention was devoted to the other class ofvarieties, and very rightly so. The Sydney Views and the Laureated Headsof New South Wales; the early stamps of Mauritius, etc. etc. Efforts weremade to "plate" these stamps, and at last with success, but curiously enoughI have never seen detailed descriptions of the different actual types of thesestamps published in any philatelic work.

One class owes its origin to the absence of any means of reproducing theoriginal design so as to form a plate, or stone, for printing stamps in sheets ;the other class is due to defects in carrying out the reproduction, or to wearand tear of the plates, and I know of at least one instance where varieties ofthis nature only occur to a comparatively small extent in the earliest print-ings of the stamps, while in the latest there are flaws in almost every stampon the sheets, owing to rough handling of the blocks of which the plates werecomposed.

All of these are recognisable varieties, capable of being described, andmay be said to have a claim to be described and listed in a complete,scientific catalogue. The present system of listing separately only thosevarieties which show what can be termed an error in the inscription, or theomission of some portion of the design, is manifestly unscientific and quiteunsatisfactory. The "PENOE" error (so-called) of the 2d. Mauritius doesnot in reality differ from the other eleven types of that stamp to a greaterextent than each of the latter differs from its fellows ; it merely happens thatin the one case a variation converts the letter " c " into a letter " O."

Several years ago I made an attempt at the compilation of a classifiedlist of the stamps of on j of the British Colonies, the idea being to indicate,

32 THE STATUS OF PERFORATIONS IN PHILATELY.

by the use of various types of lettering and figures, the relative importanceof the different items in the list. Starting with the most primitive listpossible, such as a post-office might publish, giving merely the values andcolours, and then going on to give the primary and secondary varieties ofcolour, watermark, perforation, etc. etc. etc. The stamps I started upon didnot apparently present many complications, but I never completed the work,I remember that I had to change the whole arrangement more than once, asfresh points cropped up, and I fear that my notes found their way into thewaste-paper basket.

Now that I am likely to have rather more leisure I think I may startsomething of the kind again, and if some of the other Fellows of theR.P.S.L. would do some work of a similar nature, each dealing with hisfavourite country, we ought to be able to form some idea as to how this diffi-cult problem of " Catalogue Rank " is to be solved. At any rate I think weshall know a little more than we do at present as to the real nature of thedifficulties to be overcome.

The Status of Perforations in Philately.By B. GOODFELLOW.

THE perforation of the postage stamp was an afterthought. Itwas not one of the essentials of the original idea of thepostage stamp, but was an adventitious, or extrinsic, develop-ment dictated by the endeavour to save waste of time andtrouble in the use of stamps. The history of its gradualevolution is very interesting, and it has now become part and

parcel of Philately. Originally separated by the use of the knife or scissors,you can trace the progress of the separation of stamps through the stages of therouletting wheel or rouletting rule with either straight or serrated incisions ;the pin perforations, some of which remind one of the use of a sewingmachine without any thread ; until you reach the now universally adoptedpunched-out perforations which definitely remove more or less of the materialaccording to the varying gauges and sizes of perforating pins used.

The importance of taking some note of the question of perforations wasfirst fully recognised by the great French philatelist, Dr. Legrand, who, in theyear 1866, introduced to the notice of collectors his gauge for the measure-ment of perforations. But however useful and necessary was the study ofperforations, the question has, I consider, been allowed to assume, in morerecent years, an importance which its true position in Philately does notjustify, with the result that the collection of minor and unimportant varieties—or rather vagaries—of perforation has by some been erected almost into afetish.

I can well remember how, in my schoolboy days of the 'seventies, I usedcarefully to trim off with a pair of scissors those ragged perforated edges ofmy stamps in order to make them fit neatly and exactly into the oblong, or

THE STATUS OF RERFORATIONS IN PHILATELY. 33

other, spaces provided for their reception in the albums of those days ; andespecially did I pride myself upon my skill with the scissors in cutting offand removing those superfluous (?) margins of the embossed issues of GreatBritain, the 6d., iod., and is. of the 1847-54 series. I now recognise, ofcourse, that those were acts of vandalism which only ignorance can explainif not excuse; but even then I was evidently impressed with the idea that"design" was a much more important element than any question ofperforation.

It is quite possible that the importance of perforations as we now under-stand them may in the near future largely disappear, and should this happenI think that Philately will be able to survive their loss and to bear it withequanimity if not with satisfaction. The new American rotary printingmachine invented by Mr. Benjamin R. Stickney, and now adopted by theBureau of Printing and Engraving at Washington, coupled with the intro-duction of automatic stamp-affixing machines, will in all probability lead tothe almost universal adoption of the coil and roll of stamps instead of thesheet or pane as the method of distribution. But whether this comes to passor not it serves to emphasise the point that perforations are " accidental"rather than " essential."

For many years past we have, I think, been suffering from a misdirectedzeal in the matter of varieties of perforation, and I am glad to recognisea return at length to what appears to me to be greater sanity in this respect.There can be no doubt that the excessive multiplication of perforation varie-ties in our catalogue lists, often without any adequate explanation of thecause, and in stamps which are identical as to type, indistinguishable as toshade, and contemporaneous as to issue, is bewildering even to the averagecollector, and tends to frighten a beginner from collecting the stamps of sucha country at all.

New South Wales, South Australia, and Fiji have been marked instances ;but the two former both show signs of improvement, and even Fiji isfollowing suit.

It is now becoming recognised that when the variation in gauge of per-foration is not the product of separate perforating machines but merely theresult of irregularities in the setting of the pins of one and the same machine,these variations should not constitute separate collectable varieties. Take,for example, the Waterlow issues of 1898 in the case of New Zealand.The perforating machine, or machines, used varied in gauge from \2\ to 14,14!,.15, 154, and 16; and although I have come across collections arrangedwith some attention to such varieties of perforation, very few collectors wouldnow dream of doing so, nor would they find any encouragement in present-day catalogue lists for so arranging their collections of those issues.

The present lists of Ceylon, and in some degree of Barbados, Queensland,and Western Australia, still give cause for offence. The well-known PerkinsBacon machine of 1860 had a gauge varying from 14 to 15^, and no one nowsuggests the separation of stamps perforated by that machine according tothe differences of gauge only. But fresh, and, as I submit, indefensible setsof collectable varieties have been listed according as to whether the perfora-tions by this machine appear to be (a) clean-cut, (£) not so clean-cut, or

34 THE STATUS OF PERFORATIONS IN PHILATELY.

(c) rough. Surely this is carrying the subdivision of perforation varieties muchtoo far. Admittedly all are the product of one and the same machine. Ifone could fix definite dates at which the machine gave its different results,and if such dates assisted the classification of different shades, there might besome justification ; but that does not seem to be the case here to any appre-ciable extent. It would seem rather to have been a question as to whetherthe holes in the bed-plate of the machine had become clogged-up with theperforated pieces of paper punched out, or whether the paper itself had beentoo damp to perforate cleanly, or whether the operator had tried to put toomany sheets at once through the machine, in which last case the upper sheetsmight be clean-cut, and the lower ones not so clean-cut or possibly very rough.Moreover, it is in many cases almost impossible to say to which of thesevarieties a given stamp belongs.

My point is that the making of distinctions of this class when carried tosuch extremes becomes unintelligent and leads to no useful conclusions. Anote in the catalogue lists explanatory of the differences in the appearance ofthese perforations would meet all that is required, and if any specialist wishedto arrange his stamps according to these vagaries of perforation he couldindulge his whim, but such a procedure should not be held out as a guide forthe general collector. Such things come too nearly within the categorywhich I once described to this Society as mere " Freaks of Perforation," inwhich class I ventured to include such cases for example as doubly perforatedstamps, or stamps with some perforations missing, or even stamps imperforatebetween, or with repaired perforation. These might, I suggested, be col-lected as " curiosities " but not as catalogued varieties.

It is upon just such matters as these that collectors must make up theirminds for themselves and not merely slavishly follow catalogues compiled bydealers ; for without for one moment denying the immense advantages whichcollectors have received and do receive from dealer's catalogues, it has to beborne in mind that almost any point of difference which can be seized uponin order to constitute a new collectable variety must, in the nature of things,appeal strongly to the dealer, and that he can hardly be expected to weighthe evidences pro and con with the same impartiality, or from the samestandpoint, as the collector.

I was much impressed upon the question as to what is to be deemedessential and what relatively unimportant in this matter of collecting perfora-tion varieties by some remarks of the late M. P. Castle, published after hisdeath (L.P., XXVI, p. 78), where he laid stress upon the necessity ofweighing as well as counting perforations.

" If," said he, " the perforations of any country's issues help in building upits postal history, or if they denote any special phase or period of change inthe record of the issues, they are indubitably worthy of close study andaccurate classification."

I quote from another writer in the London Philatelist, Captain F. M.Montresor (Vol. XXV, p. 81), as follows:—

" The means of separation of stamps, i.e. perforation, seems of very smallinterest compared with that of design or execution, and it is difficult to seehow it can have any effect whatever on the art value of the object. It was

OCCASIONAL NOTES. 35

introduced purely as a matter of convenience, and though of interest, becauseit is the fashion at present, t do not see how it can ever attain any inherentimportance of itself."

I conclude this short Paper by giving a list of the items of interest con-cerning postage stamps (apart from matters historical) in the order of theirrelative philatelic importance as they appeal to me. It will at least serve tocrystallise ideas, and afford a basis for discussion:—

I. First and foremost comes the design or type of the stamp. The ques-tion of overprints and surcharges would form a sub-department ofthis head.

II. Next in importance comes the question of colour, and as a sub-headingof this, marked shade varieties.

III. The classes of paper employed, including here questions of variationsin watermarks.

IV. Methods of printing or production: e.g. engraving from steel orcopper plates; line-engraved processes; surface printings fromelectrotypes, etc.; lithography, and so on.

V. Nature of perforations, if any, including roulettes, serrates, pin perfs.,single line, harrow or comb machines^ stamps from lolls, etc. etc.

VI. Nature of cancellations, or postal obliterations employed.

I am by no means sure whether the question of the perforations shouldnot be regarded as relatively the last and least of them all.

Occasional Notes.——•

THE ROYAL PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON.

THE tenth and eleventh meetings of the Royal Philatelic Society,London, will be held on Thursday, March 4th, 1920, and on Thursday,

March iSth, 1920, respectively, at 5.45 p.m.On March 4th. Five Minute Papers :—By the President: " The Stamps

of British Columbia and Vancouver's Island."' By the Revd. JamesMursell: "The History of the Irregular Perforation of the QueenslandPenny (1911), compound loj to nj." By Lt.-Col. A. S. Bates, D.s.O.:" British Stamps Seldom Seen." By Louis E. Bradbury: " Charles HenryJeens; His Life and Work."

On March i8th Major C. L. Bagnall, D.S.O., will give a Display of theStamps of " The New Russia."

The next meeting of the Expert Committee of the Society will be heldon Thursday, March i8th.

Under no circumstances will stamps be dealt with on March iStk unlessthey are received by or before the first post on the morning ofMarch \6th.

36 OCCASIONAL NOTES.

THE ROYAL PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON.

MEMBERS are reminded that their subscription for the year 1920 becamedue and payable on 1st January.

All members who have not yet paid their dues to the Society are requestedto remit same without delay direct to the Hon. Treasurer—

C. E. McNAUGHTAN, 4 Southampton Row, Holborn, W.C. i.

BINDING NOTICE.

OWING to the still greatly increased cost of binding materials, labour,etc., the Council of the Hoyal Philatelic Society, London, have decided

not to accept volumes for binding this year.

WE are still unable to provide Protective Cardboard for our Members orSubscribers for Vol. 29, 1920.

TO OUR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY.

THE Subscriptions to the London Philatelist for the year 1920 will be21/- (twenty-one shillings) and single copies will be 2/- each. No

more subscriptions will be received at reduced rates under any circumstancesexcept bonafide orders received through Trade channels.

No free sample copies and no EXCHANGE copies will be circulated.

FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY COMMEMORATION FUND.

FURTHER DONATIONS RECEIVED.

£ s. rf. • £ s. d.

L. Meinertzhagen . . 50 o o j Lieut.-Col. A. St. LegerA. J. de Beaufort . . 1 5 0 0 Burrowes, C.B. . . I i oJ. A. Nix . . . 10 10 o ! Lieut. W. M. Holman . i i oW. H. Peckitt . . 10 10 o \ Major R. H. D. Lockhart I i oD. C. Gray . . . 5 5 o ; H. Ouare . . . I i oJ. C. Sidebotham . . 2 2 o E. W. Sloper , . . I i OG. B. Harrington . . i i o H. L. White . . . I i O

WE much regret to announce the death of our fellow-member, Mr.U E. B. S. Benest, on the I5th of January last at Madeira.

Mr. Benest joined the Royal in 1912, and during a long sojourn in Brazilacquired an intimate knowledge of South American stamps, and we believeat one time had a fine collection.

THE Morning Post announces, on the authority of " News from Paris,"that the Ferrary Collection of Postage Stamps is shortly to be offered

at auction by the French Government in Paris.Meanwhile, what has become of the Duveen Collection ?

[ 37 ]

New Issues.NOTES OF NEW, AND VARIATIONS OF CURRENT, ISSUES.

We do not profess to chronicle everything, but, with the kind help of correspondents, are desirous thatall the important novelties may be included. Speculative stamps—i.e. those not really required farpostal purposes—will be considered en their merits.

Members of the Royal Philatelic Society, and other readers generally, are invited to co-operate with usin making the columns as interesting as possible. Our foreign readers can especially help us inthis direction, by sending copies of any official documents relative to changes in the current issues,or early intimation of any new issue, accompanied, when possible, by a specimen ; such informationwill be duly credited to the correspondent, and, if desired, the specimen promptly returned.Address: MR. A. CHURCHILL EMERSON, 4 SOUTHAMPTON Row, HOLBORN, W.C. i.

BRITISH EMPIRE.

AUSTRALIA.—The id. stamp with theMultiple Crown A watermark, chronicledin 1918, is now in circulation, and specimenshave reached us from Messrs. J. H. Smyth,Ltd., and Mr. R, Roberts.

BATOUM (in British Occupation).—Smith'sMonthly chronicles two provisional stampsfor use here.

These, it is stated, are the small i and 3kop. stamps of Russia (Arms type), over-printed " Batoum State " in Russian charac-ters, and " British Occupation" in English,and surcharged with the new values 15 andlo roubles respectively.

MOROCCO AGENCIES.—The Georgian2s. 6d. stamp, De La Rue print, in a grey-brown shade and without the value inSpanish currency is to hand, from Mr. R.Roberts.

Adhesive.2S. 6d., grey-brown, De La Rue print.

NEW ZEALAND.—The 3d. value, surface-printed Official stamp, has reached us fromMessrs. J. H. Smyth, Ltd.

Official.3d., brown ; surface printed, perf. 14x15.

TONGA.—We have received a " Specimen"copy of a new and handsome stamp. Oflarge size, and with a portrait of the Queenof Tonga in an oval. At the top, in aScroll, " TOTOGI TOGA G'TOHI ", and at foot

2d.PENI-E-UA.

Adhesive.

2d., violet and brown ; wmk. Turtles ;perf. 14.

EUROPE.

FINLAND.—The 75 on 20 p., orange, re-ferred to on page 16, is to hand ; also the 5 p-to 50 p. in new colours, and a 75 p. value.

Provisional.

75 in black on 20 p., orange.

New Colours.

S P-. grey.10 p., green.20 p., rose-carmine.25 p., brown.50 p., blue.75 p., orange.

LATVIA.—Two stamps of large size havereached us, used on registered letters.

The design is a man in white, armed withsword and shield, slaying a dragon.

The inscription is " Latwija" with un-coloured figures on solid ground in squaresin the centre at foot. No wmk. ; perf.

ii*.Other denominations probably exist.

Adhesives.

10 kop., brown, red, and black.35 „ black and blue.

PORTUGAL.—Mr. J. N. Marsden writesunder date February I2th as follows :—

On the igth July the Diario do Governopublished decrees (portarius), creating thefollowing new values of Portuguese stamps :

04 centavos, pale green.06 „ magenta.12 ,, pale lilac.13-5 „ pale blue.14 ,, blue on yellow-brown

(torrado).18 „ terra de Cassel (whatever

colour this may be) onyellow.

NEW ISSUES.

For Parcel Post :—

01 centavo, reddish slate.02 centavos, orange.05 bistre.10 yellow-vermilion.20 dark lilac.40 red.50 black.i.oo pale green.

The 04 centavos, pale green, appearedin September last, and was issued as therate for internal postage and to take theplace of the 03-5, which has becomeobsolete.

Three more values have just been issued,of which I send specimens for the Society'scollection—the 6 c., 12 c., and I3'5 c. Thesheets contain one hundred stamps lox 10.

The 6 c. has appeared in the old perfora-tion and also in a new perforation, gauging12, the 12 c. in the old perforation, and the13-5 c. perf. 12. It is more than probablethat all three will appear in the two per-forations, and we may expect to see currentvalues appearing perf. 12.

All new printings except those on colouredpaper are made on ordinary paper, both forPortugal and the Colonies, the chalk-surfaced paper having been abandoned.

No more of the 30 c. will be printed.

ROUMANIA. — From Messrs. Fred /.Melville, Ltd., we have the i bani valueof a new issue described in Stamp Collectingas follows :—

" The portrait of King Ferdinand, facingleft, is in a circle in the right upper part ofthe stamp, with the word 'Romania' inuncoloured fancy type below. In the leftlower corner are the figures of value, alsouncoloured, as is the word ' BANI' ' BAN,''LEU' or 'tEi' (as the case may be) insmall capitals under the shield containingthe numerals. No wrnk., and various per-forations, viz. 115, 13 ,̂ and 135* u^.

Adhcsivcs.

1 ban, grey-black.5 bani, sage-green.

10 venetian-red.15 brown.25 ultramarine.40 dull brown.50 dull vermilion,

i leu, bright green.2 lei., orange.

SWITZERLAND.—Mr. Franz Reichenheimwrites:—

The " Pro Juventute'' stamps, which werementioned in the December number, were

issued again on December ist last. Thereare three values, viz.:—

74 c-i grey, black and red )to c., red, black and green > on cream ground.'5 c-> violet, bJack and red 1Watermark Crosses, perf. nj.

The centre of each stamp shows the Armsof different Swiss Cantons : the 7i c. thoseof Canton Niederwalden, the 10 c. those ofCanton Waadt, and the 15 c. those ofCanton Oberwalden. The design is thework of the artist, R. Miinzer, of Berne,and the stamps are printed by the Govern-ment Printing Office. Quantity -3,400,000of each value. The stamps are sold withan addition of 5 c. each over and above facevalue, and the proceeds are used for thebenefit of poor mothers and their infants aswell as for sickly children.

The stamps are only for franking internalletters, and are available till the ist of Aprilnext.

AMERICA.

HONDURAS.—Stamp Collecting has re-ceived a new 15 c. adhesive, described asfollows :—

" The central design, being an equestrianstatue of Francis Canosa, above which isan arched frame bearing the inscription'Correos de Honduras/ with 'U.P.u' and' 1919' in the upper corners, 'Quincecentavos'in a narrow curved frame at foot, andnumerals of value ' 15' on either side of thepedestal of the general's name."

Lithographed in blue on white paper ;perf. nj ; the inscriptions being uncoloured.

PARAGUAY.—Stamp Collecting informs usthat the 5 c. of 1910 has been reissued ingreen (instead of lilac).

OTHER COUNTRIES.

CHINA.—The new stamps chronicled onpage 17 are to hand from Mr. C. E. Tanant,and found to be Types 43 and 44 of Gibbons,and colours violet and brown respectively ;perf. 14.

LIBERIA.—Stamp Collecting reports theappearance of a new set of stamps for re-gistered letters. Triangular in shape theyshow a vessel at sea, the names of the fiveprincipal towns (Buchanan, Grenville,Harper, Robertsport, and Monrovia) beingshown separately, printed in blue, vermilion,green, claret and violet respectively ; perf. 14.

[ 39 J

Philatelic Societies' Meetings.

The Royal Philateic Society,London.

Patron—His MAJESTY THE KING.Hon. President—H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES.

Council for the Year 1919-20.President— E. D. BACON, M.V.O.Vice-President—1ms,. WM. HALL,

Hon. Secretary—CAPTAIN HERBERT R. OLDFIELD.Htn. Assistant Secretary—BARON P. DB WORMS.

Hon. Treasurer—C. E. McNAUGHTAN.Hon. Librarian—I*. W. FULCHER.

J. H. BARRO.V. F. J. PKPLOW.LiEur.-CoL. A. S. BATES, D.S.O. SIR CHARLES STEWARTW. DORNING BECKTON. WILSON. K.C.I.E.COL. JOHN BONHOTE. BARON DE WORMS.LleuT.-CoL. G. S. F. NAPIER. R. B. VARDLEV.

THE sixth meeting of the session 1919-20was held at 4 Southampton Row, W.C., onThursday, the 8th January, 1920, at 5.45p.m. Members present : E. D. Bacon,M.V.O., T. W. Hall, Louis E. Bradbury,Ernest H. Collins, Lieut.-Col. A. S. Bates,D.S.O., F. J. Peplow, J. H. Barren, Fred D.Walters, Capt. C. W. G. Crawford, R.N.,E. Wilfred Evans, Major J. J. Darlow,D. C. Gray, I. John Simons, Lieut.-Col.R. N. W. Larking, C.B.E., Lieut. W. M.Holman, L. W. Fulcher, W. T. Standen,Col. John Bonhote, W. Howard, F.R.G.S.,C. McNaughtan, Baron Percy de Worms,Herbert R. Oldfield, Lieut. - Col. P. B.Akroyd, R. Leonard, Lieut. R. Leonard,junr., Lieut. C. W. B. Haworth, Baron deWorms.

The chair was taken by the President,and the minutes of the meeting held on thenth December, 1919, were read and signedas correct.

The resignations of the following memberswere accepted with regret: Mr. W. R. LaneJoynt, as on 3ist December, 1918, andMessrs. B. B. Tilley and C. de la Torre andLieut.-Col. P. L. Reid.

The following gifts for the Society'sCollection were reported. From Mr. F. J.Peplow : An imitation of the id. MulreadyEnvelope (printed in Hanover). From theHonorary Secretary : A photo of the fouri toman 1878 Persian stamps in the TaplingCollection at the British Museum.

The President referred to the Programmeof the Philatelic Congress to be held on the2$th to 28th May, 1920, which would bepublished in the London Philatelist, andupon which the Council would make a reportat the next meeting.

The following candidates were duly electedFellows and members of the Society : Mr.Lionel E. Weiner, proposed by the Hon.

Stuart A. Montagu, seconded by the Hon.Secretary; Mr. William V. Moore, proposedby Mr. G. J. AHis and seconded by the Hon.Secretary ; Messrs. James Stelfox Gee, G. B.Duerst, A. H. A. Bennett, J. C. North andMajor W. D. Heywood, proposed by Mr.W. Doming Beckton and seconded by Mr.B. Goodfellow.

In response to enquiries the Presidentstated that the list of the Fellows of theSociety was now very nearly full.

Mr. W. Howard then read some notes onand gave a display of the "Early Issues"and Waterlovv types of Chili.

This display was intended to illustrate"An Outline of the Postal Issues of Chili,"written by Lieut. C. W. B. Haworth in 1919,and his article in the London Philatelist ofMarch and July last.

It consisted of eighty pages and fullydescribed and included all the issues andmost of the varieties, i.e. the early imper-forate copies (1853) by Perkins, Bacon andCo. with the local and subsequent printings,the stamps issued by the American BankNote Co. in 1867 (perforated), also the 1877and the 1881-86 rouletted and the WaterlowSeries of 1900-1 rouletted. Considerableattention was given to classification and tovarieties of shade and of postmark.

Mr. Howard endeavoured to establishthat there were three types of the 5 centavosvalue of the first of the Waterlow issues,but his contention met with considerabledissent, many of the Chilian collectorspresent being of opinion that there wereonly two types.

A vote of thanks was moved by the Vice-President (who also took this view) and wasseconded by Col. Bates. The President, insupporting, referred to the fact that thehead of Christopher Columbus on the firstissue was engraved by William Humphrys,who had also been entrusted with the re-touching of the die of the one penny red ofGreat Britain in 1854.

The resolution was duly carried, and Mr.Howard acknowledged the vote.

The attention of members was called to aletter of the 26th November, 1919, writtenby Capt. Henry S. Porter, M.C. (a Fellow ofthe Society), from Casilla 2667, Santiago deChile (and received since the last meeting),in which he offered to enter into correspon-dence with, and to obtain information aboutthe stamps of Chile, for any of the memberswho might like to communicate with him.

THE seventh meeting of the session 1919-20was held at 4 Southampton Row, W.C., onThursday, the 22nd January, 1920, at 5.4^

PHILATELIC SOCIETIES' MEETINGS.

p.m. Members present: E. D. Bacon,M.v.o., T. W. Hall, Louis E. Bradbury, F. J.Peplow, J. H. Barren, Lieut.-Col. A. S.Bates, D.S.O., Lachlan Gibb, J.P., J. L.Green, D. C. Gray, Capt. S. P. C. Vesey,C.B.E., Capt. C. W. G. Crawford, R.N., W.Howard, F.R.G.S., R. Leonard, Lieut. C. W. B.Haworth, Lieut. R. Leonard, junr., I. JohnSimons, Lieut.-Col. R. N. W. Larking, C.B.E.,Lieut. W. M. Holman, Lieut.-Col. P. B.Akroyd, Col. John Bonhote, R. ReginaldTaylor, Lieut.-Col. S. G. Leslie, O.B.E., L. W.Fulcher, Sir Charles Stewart-Wilson, K.C.I.E.,Baron de Worms, George C. Alston, C.McNaughtan, Col. A. W. Chambers, V.D.,Baron Percy de Worms, Herbert R.Oldfield, Capt. E. B. Purefoy, G. Calvert.Visitors : F. E. Pattisson, Charles Nissen,Col. Schletter, C.B., Percy F. Doble, A. J.Sefi.

The chair was taken by the President, andthe minutes of the meeting of the 8th Janu-ary, 1920, were read and signed as correct.

The President referred to the forthcomingPhilatelic Congress, and announced that theCouncil had appointed himself and BaronPercy de Worms as two of the delegates.The members present elected Mr. L. E.Bradbury and Mr. J. L. Green as the othertwo delegates. The President requestedany member who wished to submit anypaper to or raise any question for discussionat the Congress to communicate with theHonorary Secretary.

The President also announced that theCouncil had unanimously appointed Mr.L. E. Bradbury the Custodian of the Society'sCollection, and a member of the CollectionCommittee, and the announcement wasreceived with the unanimous approval ofthose present.

The following gift for the Society's Collec-tion was reported. From Colonel Bates:Casts of coins from which the designs of the1911 Grecian stamps were taken, beautifullymounted in a glass case.

The business of the evening consisted ofdisplays of retouches and re-entries con-tributed by trie following Fellows:—ThePresident: Ionian Island stamps and theid. Nova Scotia unused and also a prooffrom the collection of H.M. the King, show-ing very clear and distinct re-entries. TheVice-President: Retouches in the 2d. DiademNew South Wales, thirty-two specimens inall, and also specimens of the lithographedstamps prepared from a transfer taken fromPlate i. Colonel Bates : Stamps fromPlate i of the id. black of Great Britain,showing retouches and re-entries (the samestamp was shown in the black and redstates), also two imperf. copies "XL" Plate 2and the same used in red, showing plate num-ber ; also die proof, high value, King George,with written instructions to the engraver, andtwo subsequent die proofs showing theinstruc-tions carried out. Mr. G. C. Alston : Re-touches and re-entries of id. black, GreatBritain, including' some copies lent by Mr.McGowan. Dr. E. W. Floyd : An interest-

ing collection of retouches and re-entries,including stamps of Great Britain, Con-federate States, Canada, Servia, Sarawak,Brazil (100 reis), Labuan 2 cents, green(stag's head), Nevis id., Victoria first issueid., Sicily, Holland first issue, New Zealandand Mexico. Baron de Worms : Specimensof re-entries from his well-known collectionof Ceylon. Mr. D. C. Gray : A remarkablyfine collection, including Belgian first issue10 and 20 cents, re-entries and double im-pression India i| anna, Dies I and 2 retouches,including a rare block of four of Die 2, andretouches of Holland first issue. Lieut,liavvorth. and Mr. W. Howard •. Both showedspecimens of retouches of the 5 centavosChile with enlarged photographs in supportof their contention that there were threetypes of this value. The Honorary Secre-tary : Specimens of the 10 kr. of Bosnia,Type I, showing worn copies and retouchesin the background at the top of the stampsand other distinct retouches in these typo-graphed stamps.

The members present all agreed that avery interesting and enjoyable evening hadbeen spent, and a vote of thanks to thosewho had shown stamps was moved by Mr.I. J. Simons and seconded by Capt. Purefoy,and the proceedings then terminated.Further detailed particulars of some of theexhibits are annexed.

The stamps shown by Col. Bates com-prised the following :

The Penny Black, 1840, Plate i.—Speci-mens illustrating two conditions of this platewhich, after it had been at press for a shortperiod, was retouched and nearly everystamp altered in some way. Some werere-entered, on some the corner letters wereretouched by hand, or, in rarer cases, re-punched. The stamps shown included thefollowing cases of re-entry: "HD" "HK,"" EK," " MH," " MI." Two instances also ofthe letters having been retouched and en-larged on Plate i (b) were shown, the lettersbeing "IL" and "jc." Copies showingsimilar stamps in Plate i (a) and Plate i (b)showing re-entry were also exhibited, theletters being " ME " and " ID." Three copieswere shown from Plate i all with the letters" ED," one in black before the retouch, onein black after the retouch, and one printedin red.

Plate 2.—Four copies of specimens withthe letters " XL" from Plate 2 illustrating adouble letter were shown. Two were im-primatur copies showing plate numbers" before'' and " after hardening." The thirdwas a used copy, and the fourth a copy inred with the plate number showing.

Stamps were also shown from Plate 21illustrating an alteration in the lettering ofthe last stamps in the twelfth and thirteenthrows. These were originally lettered " KL "in error and an "L" was struck overthe first " K " and an " M " over the secondone.

Col. Bates also showed some interestingdie proofs.

PHILATELIC SOCIETIES' MEETINGS.

Mr. D. C. Gray's display included thefollowing :

Belgium.—First issue, 1849: 10 c. and20 c., each the double figures variety—onlyabout six copies known (all used) of the 20 c.variety. The 10 c. is certainly a re-entry ;the 20 c. is probably doubly printed.

Naples.—1858, 5 grana, with double im-pression (very distinct), probably due todouble printing and not to re-entry. Photo-graph of a pair (both stamps doubly printed)bears out this theory.

Holland.—First issue, 1852 : Representa-tive retouched specimens from the six platesof the 5 c., the ten plates of the 10 c., andthe single plate of the 150. stamps. In-cluded were strips and blocks and a recon-structed pane of (25) used stamps and amint block of twenty stamps from the samepane, from Plate 7 of the 10 c. stamp(variety " Horn " on forehead); also a usedblock of four of the same variety on theoriginal letter.

India.—First issue | anna, Die I : Twoused blocks, each of thirty-two stamps (one-third of the original sheet), each showing onestamp with the chignon (hair) re-drawn.J anna, Die 2 : A single specimen (used)showing the whole of the left outer frameline roughly re-drawn ; an unused block offour stamps, one having the chignon re-drawn. In each case enlarged photo's wereshown to illustrate the varieties.

Mr. Haworth's display included enlargedphotographs in addition to the stamps, withthe view of showing not only that there werethree types of the 5 centavos but also two ofthe 50 centavos. He also maintained thatthe 5 centavos of the issue of 1901, the setwithout the shadow over the head, wasretouched in the background, and expressedhis belief that such retouching was done onthe original plate before any impressionswere taken.

Manchester Philatelic Society.

THK 422nd meeting was held on Friday,January gth, the President, Mr. W. DomingBeckton, in the chair.

A letter from the Hon. Secretary of thePermanent Committee of Philatelic Con-gresses of Great Britain was read, in whichhe asked for the appointment of delegatesfor the Congress at Newcastle, May 25th to28th. Several names were suggested, butthe final selection was left until the meetingon January 23rd.

Mr. A. L. Camden was elected to mem-bership, and Messrs. John Bridge andCharles Clarke nominated, to come up forelection on January 23rd. New issues andinteresting stamps were passed round thetable by Messrs. Berry, Duerst, Albrecht,and Me Garry.

An interesting account was given by thePresident of his visit to the LeicesterExhibition in the capacity of judge.

A record attendance welcomed Mr. R. B.Sparrow, who came to give a display of hismagnificent collection of the early issues ofBelgium. His collection, which embodiesthose of several well-known collectors ofBelgium, was shown in two parts, theunused and the used in separate albums.Most collectors will have experienced thedifficulty in acquiring specimens of thesestamps in absolutely mint condition, but inthe unused section it can be said that nocopy found its way into it unless it wasperfectly mint and with four good margins.At least one mint block of four was found inevery issue, many larger blocks in shadesin addition, and mint panes of 100 of the10 c. and 20 c. values watermarked L.L. inframe.

Prefacing the unused section were proofs,essays and colour trials, including a finelyengraved proof in two states, from the die,of an original design by J. Weiner, whosubsequently printed, at the Brussels StampHouse, the issue from July ist, 1849, to1865.

Other essays by M. S. Arthowes, Wette-bots, Delpierre, Lemaire, Dargent, Sets,Fisch, and a fine set of rejected designs thework of an artist unknown. Plate proofs ofthe adopted design were shown, die proofsof the second issue and a proof showing thesize of the block of steel engraved upon forthe die ; colour trials from the plate and adie proof of the loc. before the addition ofthe figures and lettering representing thevalue. The used section was also about ascomplete as it is possible to make it. Inaddition to the blocks and strips of thestamps quite a representative collection offine copies on the entires was shown andseveral pages devoted to the double printsand retouches.

Mr. Goodfellow congratulated Mr. Sparrowupon the possession of so fine a collection,and in proposing a vote of thanks to himfor his great kindness in journeying toManchester, characterised the display asone of the most complete ever placed beforethe Society, and well deserved the recordattendance which it had brought together.Dr. Floyd seconded the vote, which,supported by the President, was carriedwith acclamation and briefly responded toby Mr. Sparrow.

THE 423rd meeting was held Friday,January 23rd, the President, Mr. W.Doming Beckton, in the chair.

Messrs. John Bridge and Charles Clarkwere elected to membership, and Mr. R. B.Sparrow transferred from correspondingmembers' list to full membership.

Messrs. Duerst, Goodfellow, and the Hon.Secretary were appointed to represent theSociety as delegates to the NewcastleCongress in May.

An excellent attendance proved the popu-larity of the inclusion of an evening on thesyllabus devoted to short papers, and

PHILATELIC SOCIETIES' MEETINGS.

although the time-limit of five minutes wasin most cases exceeded, this may be ex-cused on account of the difficulty of con-densing what might otherwise serve for anevening's dissertation into five minutes.

Mr. C. H. Schill read a paper for whichhe had not invented a title, but showed ablock of 17 of the 90 reis " Bull's-eye"stamps of Brazil (the pane minus one stamp),and in contrast a sheet of the 3 centavoscurrent stamp of Colombia for which he hadmade a plating key to all the varieties andclaimed that the work and study of oneshould be equal to that of the other.

Mr. Berry read notes upon the varietiesto be found on stamps, which are still to befound on exchange packet sheets at normalprices, and often left there from the lack ofknowledge or interest by the intendingpurchasers.

Mr. Goodfellow took up the question ofperforations, and called for a pause as far assome of the minor varieties of perforationsgo, claiming that no variety which was theproduct of the same machine as the perfectlyperforated stamp was worthy of inclusion ina collection. He thought the modern stampdistributing automatic machines, fitted withrolls or coils of stamps, would in the futuredo away with many of the minor differenceswhich have been so troublesome in the past,preventing many from taking up an other-wise interesting country from the multitudeof its varieties of perforations.

Mr. Munn showed some very prominentvarieties to be found on the id. and 2d.stamps of Queensland, Die II, in usebetween 1887 and 1894. Common to bothvalues were a flaw in the bottom frame andright lower corner broken ; no bar to A of" QUEENSLAND" (also with right lowercorner broken) ; scratches and flaws belowthe values ; white lines in front of throat, andprojecting top left corner of frame.

Dr. Floyd showed a selection from hiscollection of the Confederate States to illus-trate the varieties of the 10 c. stamp and afine lot of entire sheets and panes to denotethe differences in the names of the firmswho engraved the plates.

Mr. Higgins finished the series of papersby a. few pages from his collection of GreatBritain to illustrate the various marginalinscriptions, plate numbers, control marksand current numbers, and gave a very lucidexplanation of the uses of these additions tothe printing plate.

A vote of thanks to the authors of the sixpapers was proposed by the President,seconded by Mr. John H. Taylor, andcarried.

AT the 424th meeting held on Friday, Febru-ary 6th, 1920, Mr. G. B. Duerst in the chair,Major R. H. D. Lockhart was proposed formembership to come up for election on the2oth inst.

Mr. E. Fildes, a very old member of theSociety, but who had for some years ceasedto take an active interest in matters philatelic,asked to have his name removed from thelist of members.

Captain Lawrence was thanked for hispresentation of a bound copy of his newRatio Perforation Scale presented to theSociety's Library.

New issues and interesting stamps wereshown by Messrs. Berry, Albrecht, Duerst,and the Hon. Secretary.

Mr. B. Goodfellow gave a display of thelater issues of South Australia in continua-tion of his paper in December, 1916, on thePerkins Bacon Series. He characterizedthe De la Rue issues which commenced in1868 as less attractive as far as appearancegoes than their predecessors, hut defendedthem on the point that appearance is neitherthe main nor the only test of interest from apurely philatelic point of view. The subjectof perforations enters very largely into thehistory of these stamps, and he read -someinteresting details from papers in the Aus-tralian Philatelist by George Blockey (anold member of the Manchester PhilatelicSociety), published May to December, 1904,dealing with the various machines fromwhich thirty-two different varieties of per-forations emanated.

The collection shown was prefaced bythirty-one strips of three of the official re-prints of the earlier issues ; also a singlespecimen collection of the same. The Dela Rue issues were very completely and ex-tensively shown in all varieties of water-mark, perforation, errors, and ofKcial stamps.

Mr. Goodfellow was the recipient of a voteof thanks ably proposed and seconded bytwo fellow-students and collectors of Austra-lian stamps—Messrs. Munn and Ginger.

J. STELFOX GEE, Hon. Sec." FKRN HOLME," RUSHOI.ME,

MANCHESTER.February, 1920.

43 ]

The Market.NOTE.—Under this title will be inserted all the information that may refer in any way

to the financial aspects of Philately, e.g. the sales or values of stamps, the stateof the Market, Trade publications, etc.

MESSRS. PUTTICK AND SIMPSON.

Sale of December 3Oth and 3131, 1919.

* Unused, other than Mint. ft s. d.Great Britain, 1847-54, 6d.,

purple, mint . . . . 7 0 0Ditto, ditto, is., pale green,* no

gum . . . . - 3 5 °Ditto, 1858-79, Large Crown,

imperf., id., rose-red, Plate116, mint . . . . 7 0 0

Ditto, 1867, 2s., blue, Plate 3,imperf., mint . . . . 24 10 o

Hamburg, imperf., 9 sch., yellow . 8 10 oCeylon, imperf., 8d., brown . . 2 3 0 0

Ditto, ditto, iod., orange-ver-milion 4 15 o

Mauritius, 1848, worn impression,id., red-brown on bluish,minute thinning . . . 20 o o

Ditto, ditto, early, 2d., blue onbluish, small margins . . 2 1 0 0

Newfoundland, half is., scarlet-vermilion, used as 6d., on piece 35 o o

British Guiana, 1850, 12 c., paleblue, on piece . . . 34 o o

New South Wales, Sydney, Plater,id., red on yellowish, smallpin-hole . . . . 13 10 o

Ditto, ditto, Plate 2, id., dullcarmine, variety, "hill un-shaded," close a t top . . 7 0 0

Sale of January I3th and I4th, 1920.

Great Britain, 2s., brown, slightlyoff centre . . . . 8 10 o

Ditt0' oFnaAL," '9°'. IS"green and carmine, pair,* onecreased 5 15 o

Newfoundland, is., scarlet-ver-milion, repaired . . . 1 2 0 0

Ditto, is., orange-vermilion,repaired 9 0 0

Buenos Ayres, 3 pesos, green,repaired, and two others . 7 10 o

New South Wales, 1871-84, perf.n, gd. on icd., overprint inblack and in lj!ue, pair . . 1 0 0 0

Queensland, i8to, imperf, id.,carmine-rose . . . . 5 0 0

Ditto, ditto, d i s t i - , 6d., green . 5 0 0Samoa, 1914. (^c;>) , 35. on 3

marks,* slightly defective . 10 10 oTahiti, 1915, Ked Cross, 15 c.,

blue, strip of 4. mint . . 8 10 o

* Unused, other than Mint. £, s. dCollections : Plain album, contain-

ing reconstructed and partlyreconstructed plates of GreatBritain, 4d. to 55. values, 3230 50 o o

Ditto, in Lalliers, 2576 . . 19 o oDitto, in Century, 4370 . . 24 o oDitto, Imperial, Vol. I, 1859 . 28 o oDitto, in Improved, 3188 . . 20 o oDitto, in Standard, 2695 . . 19 o o

Sale of January 27th and 28th, 1920.

Great Britain, Cross, j£i, brown-lilac 7 0 0

Ditto, Anchor, IDS., grey-greenon blued, pair . . . 1 6 1 0 0

Ditto, single copy . • . 7 1 0 0Ditto, ditto, £i, brown-lilac on

blued, small tear . . . 5 10 oDitto, ,£5, deep orange on white 5 0 0

Ditto>o™AL,"l885'5s-'rose'small defect . . . . 5 0 0

Ditto, ditto, 1892, j£i, green . 4 15 oCape, 1861, id., vermilion, close

at bottom, on piece . . 12 o oDitto, ditto, 4d., deep blue, no

margins 1 5 1 0 0Canada, 1851, laid, 3d., pair. . 5 10 o

Ditto, ditto, ditto, 3d., strip of 4close at top . . . . 8 8 0

Ditto, ditto, ditto, 6d., dull purple,£4 IDS. a n d 5 0 0

Ditto, ditto, ditto, 6d., purple,pair 23 o o

Ditto, ditto, ditto, 6d., purple-black 6 0 0

Ditto, ditto, ditto, 6d., purple, onentire 8 10 o

Ditto, ditto, ditto, 6d., deeppurple, pair, on entire, slighttear on upper stamp . . 1 4 0 0

Ditto, 1851-7, thin wove, 3d.,pair, and block of 4 . . 1 0 0 0

Ditto, ditto, ditto, 3d., doublestrike, small margin at top . 6 0 0

Ditto, ditto, ditto, other copies,£$, £6 IDS., and 5 o o

Ditto, ditto, ditto, 6d., dullpurple, ,£5 ips., £S ios., and 6 6 0

Ditto, ditto, ditto, 6d., purple-black £10 and ii o o

Ditto, ditto, 6d., purple, pair,thinned 10 10 o

Ditto, ditto, 6d., purple-black,pair 15 o o

44 THE MARKET.

* Unused, other than Mint. {, s. d,Canada, medium wove, 3d., double

strike on , entire . . . 9 0 0Ditto, ditto, 3d., pair, rather

close one, without doublestrike . . . . . 1 0 0 0

Ditto, ditto, 6d., purple-black . 1 1 o oDitto, thin wove, 6d., purple-

black, .£8 ios.,/8 i os.,,£8 ios.,££>, £6 ios., and 6 10 o

Ditto, ditto, 6d., greenish black 8 0 0Ditto, ditto, 6d., brownish black 7 0 0Ditto, ditto, 6d., dull purple, on

entire 7 10 oDitto, ditto, 6d., brownish-black,

on entire . . . . 8 0 0Ditto, thick, hard wove, 3d.,

pairs £4 43. and 3 1 5 oDitto, ditto, 6d., slate-purple . 15 10 oDitto, thick, soft paper, 6d., dull

purple 28 o oDitto, thin ribbed, 3d., pair,

slight thinning . . - 5 5 °Ditto, thin wove, iod., blue,

£7 'os., £$, and 5 10 oDitto, ditto, iod., blue, pair,

close at left . . . . 1 8 0 0Ditto, stout hard wove, iod.,

deep blue, minute thinning . 6 10 oDitto, ditto, ditto, slight tear . 5 0 0Ditto, ditto, iod., blue, block of

4, slight crease at top corner .130 o oDitto, ditto, iod., deep blue, on

entire . . . . . . 11 o oDitto, 1857, 7^d., yellow-green,

£6 ios., £s 5s, £4 sos., and 4 5 oDitto, ditto, another copy, on

entire 1 6 0 0Ditto, 1857, imperf, |d., rose,

pairs, £6 . . . . 8 0 0Ditto, ditto, ditto, id., rose, two

copies on piece dated post-mark 13 o o

Ditto, ditto, ditto, £d., pale rose,strip of 6, creased, on entire . 1 3 0 0

Ditto, ditto, thin ribbed, id.,deep rose, thinned . . . 5 0 0

Ditto, 1859, perf. 12, £d., deeprose, pair . . . . 1 0 0 0

Ditto, ditto, ditto, thin paper,perf. 12, 3d. . . . . 1 0 0 0

Ditto, ditto, ribbed paper, 2 c.,pair* . . . . . 5 0 0

Ditto, ditto, 5 c., double strike,the latter on entire, £5, £10,

£4 ios., and 16 o oDitto, ditto, 5 c. and half a 5 c.,

used as 7-5 c., on piece . . 1 5 0 0Ditto, ditto, 10 c., black-brown,

pair, on entire . . . 28 o oNewfoundland, 4d., scarlet-ver-

milion, close at top and tornat bottom . . . . 11 o o ]

Nova Scotia, id., red-brown,severed pair rejoined . . 6 0 0

Cook Islands,. 1902, 2d, deepbrown, no figure of value,mint 26 o o

Ditto, another copy used . . 12 o o

* Unusett, other than Mint. £, s. ;/.New South Wales, Sydneys,

Plate 2, id., on bluish shades,£4 i°s., £S i°s., £S IOS->

_£$ ios., a n d 5 0 0Ditto, ditto, ditto, laid paper,

id., shades, .£5 175. 6d., .£6,a n d 5 0 0

Ditto, ditto, Plate i, 2d., dull.blue 4 10 o

Ditto, ditto, Plate 3, 2d., dullultramarine . . . . 7 10 o

New Zealand, 1855, London print,id., dull carmine, specimencancellation, minute thinning 24 o o

Ditto, 1856-9, no \vrnk., is.,pale blue-green, thinned . 6 0 0

Ditto, 1864, "NZ," imperf., 2d.,pale blue, pair, minute thin-ning 9 0 0

South Australia, 1855, imperf., id.,dark green, pair, one creased 8 o o

Tasmania, 1853, id., blue . . 5 10 oVictoria, 1854, litho., 2d., recon-

structed plate of 50, including20 pairs 1 4 0 0

Collection: Great Britain andColonies, 1860 . . . 70 o o

Ditto, in Imperial, about 6000 . 8 5 0 0

MESSRS. WALTER BULL AND Co.

Sale of January gth, 1920.

Great Britain, l|d., rose, Plate 3,block of 60, mint . . . 1 0 0 0

Ditto, Cross, ios., grey-green - 3 5 °Gibraltar, 6d. and is., ist issue,

mint . . . . . 4 10 oDitto, 2nd issue, set of 7, mint . 3 10 oDitto, Edwardian, 8s., purple

and green, mint . . . 3 1 5 0Bavaria, 1874, I m., mauve, mint . 3 1 5 oOldenburg, 1861, 1 gr., green* . 4 0 0Sicily, 5 g r , vermilion, mint . - 3 5 °

Ditto, 50 gr., brown-lake* . "4 12 6Monaco, ist issue, 5 fcs.,* . . 5 1 2 6Mafeking, is. on 6d., British

Bechuanaland, on piece. . 3 10 oNyasaland, 1896, CC, £.10, orange 10 10 oNewfoundland. 6id., lake, sheet of

20, mint . - . . . 9 10 oDitto, 8d, lake, sheet of 20,

mint 8 0 0Baton Rouge, 5 c., carmine and

green,* with initials W.B.A.a t back 4 4 0

New Zealand, i£62, perf. 13, id.,carmine-vermilion, mint . 3 0 0

| Sale of January 23rd, 1920.

Baghdad, 1917, j a. on 2 par.,S.G. i, mint . . . . 3 0 0

Ditto, ditto, \ a. on 10 par.,S.G. 13, mint. . . . 3 0 0

Ditto, ditto, i a. on 20 par.,S.G. 15, mint . . . . 4 4 0

THE MARKET. 45

* Unused, other than Mint. £ s. d,Baghdad, 1917, 2 a. on I p., S.G. 18,

mint 3 0 0Ditto, ditto, i a. on 20 p,

S.G. 22, mint . . . . 5 1 0 0Ditto, ditto, i a. on 20 p.,

S.G. 23, mint . . . . 4 0 0Ditto, ditto, 2 a. on i p., S.G. 25,

mint 5 5 °Cape, 1855-8, is., yellow-green,

pair 8 10 oMauritius, 2d., blue on bluish,

"PENOE," S.G. 17 . . . 33 o oNewfoundland, 3 c., brown

(Hawker's Air Mail), on en-tire . . . . . 8 0 0

Ditto, $i on 15 c. (AJcock's AirMail), on entire . . . 3 ro o

MESSRS. PLUMRIDGE AND Co.

Sale of December nth and I2th, 1919.

Baghdad, ^ a. on 10 paras, onpiece, S.G. 3 . . . . 14 10 o

Ditto, i a. on 20 paras, S.G. 5,mint ii 10 o

Ditto, i a. on 20 paras, S.G. 7*. 910 oDitto, \ a. on 10 paras, S.G. 9,

on piece . . . . 1 3 0 0Ditto, 2 a. on i p. S.G., 12 . 7 0 0Ditto, i a. on 20 paras, S.G. 14,

on piece . . . . 11 o oDitto, i a. on 20 paras, S.G. 22,

on piece . . . . 12 10 oDitto, i a. on 20 paras, S.G. 23 5 1 5 oDitto, 2 a. on i p., S.G. 24 . 5 15 o

Bavaria, I k., black . . . 8 0 0British Bechuanalaod, 2s. 6d., S.G.

61, mint . . . . 5 1 2 6Ditto, 53., S.G. 62, mint . . 8 15 oDitto, IDS., S.G. 63, mint . . 1 5 0 0

Canada, 6d., dull purple, wove . 5 5 oDitto, another copy, thick paper 7 10 o

Chili; 1896,-40 c. to loo c., mint,strip of 5 • • • . 7 0 0

Gibraltar, 1903, £1, mint . . 8 5 0Great Britain, 2s., red-brown . 5 0 0

Ditto, ,£5, orange . . . 5 1 5 0Mauritius, 1848, id., vermilion on

blue, minute defect . . 9 10 oNewfoundland, 5d., purple-brown,

mint, block of 30 . . . 13 o oNew Zealand, id., on blue, strip

of 5 on entire, various slightdefects 24 o o

Peru, medio peso, yellow, slightlythinned . . . . . 7 0 0

Roumania, 1872, 10 b., blue, im-perf, mint, block of 24 . . 13 10 o

Tuscany, 9 crazie, on grey . . 6 5 0United States, State $5 . . 9 1 0 0Western Australia, 6d., black bronze 6 12 6

Sale of December i8th and igth, 1919.

Belgium, 1849, 10 c., brown, mint 7 10 oDitto, ditto, 20 c., blue, mint . 9 0 0

Brazil, Italics, 600 reis . . . 6 0 0

* Unused, other than Mint. £ s. d.Brunswick, ist issue, I sib. . . 5 5 0Buenos Ayres, 3 pesos, green . 1 5 o o

Ditto, 4 pesos, red* . . . 70 o oCanada, 1852, £d., pair . . 6 10 o

Ditto, ditto, 6d , dull purple . 6 0 0Ditto, I2d., black* . . . 55 o o

Cape, white paper, 4d., block of 4 12 o oDitto, 1861, id., red . . . 6 0 0Ditto, ditto, 4d., blue . . 22 o o

Ceylon, 1857, 6d., on blued . . 5 5 oDitto, ditto, 4d., rose, pin-hole . 38 o oDitto, ditto, 6d., purple-brown,

strip of 3 . . . . 36 o oDitto, ditto, 8d., brown . . 54 o oDitto, ditto, 9d., purple-brown . 15 o oDitto, ditto, is. gd., green*

.£15 los. and 19 10 oDitto, ditto, is., dull violet, pair 13 o o

Great Britain, 1840, 2d., blue* . 7 0 0Ditto, "V.R.," id., black* . 10 10 o

Hanover, 10 gros., green . . 7 10 oIndia, ist issue, 4 a., second spac-

ing, pair . . . . 14 o oLuxemburg, i sib. gros., strip of 3

o"n entire . . . . 5 1 5 0Mauritius, Greek border, id., blue 13 o o

Ditto, is., green, mint, block of12 . . . . . 33 o o

New Brunswick, is., mauve . . 29 o oNewfoundland, 2d., scarlet -ver-

milion, pair, slight crease . 85 o oDitto, 4d., scarlet-vermilion . 2 1 o oDitto, 6£d., ditto, mint . . 13 10 oDitto, 8d., ditto, mint, pair . 5 5 0Dttio, is., ditto . . . . 72 o oDitto, 4d., orange-vermilion* . 15 10 oDitto, 6d., ditto, slight thinning 13 o oDitto, 5d., blocks of 12, mint

£5, £5 IDS. and 7 10 oDitto, is., lake, mint, sheet of 20 5 5 0

New South Wales, Sydney, Platei, id. . . . . 9 10 o

Ditto, ditto, ditto, id., on bluish 8 1 0 0Ditto, ditto, Plate 5, 2d., bright

ultramarine . . . . 6 5 0Ditto, ditto, 3d., emerald green . 10 10 oDitto, Laureated, id., vermilion,

pair . . . . . 6 10 oDitto, ditto, id., brick-red, no

leaves 5 10 oDitto, ditto, 3d., dull green, pair 5 10 oDitto, ditto, 8d., deep orange . 1 2 o oDitto, ditto, 8d., orange . . 7 1 5 0Ditto, ditto, 8d., yellow . . 7 7 0Ditto, Diadem, imperf., 5d., deep

green 9 10 oDitto, ditto, ditto, 8d., orange

£S 5s., £6 iS«- and 14 10 oDitto, ditto, ditto, is., strip of 3 17 o o

Nova Scotia, id., strip of 3 . . 29 10 oDitto, a single copy . . . 5 0 0Ditto, is. . . . .£45 and 15 10 o

Oldenburg, \ gro., brown . . 8 1 5 0Ditto, j gro., yellow . . . 7 0 0Ditto, \ gro., green,* £6 ; mint 8 10 o

Sardinia, 1857, 40 c., rose, mint . 5 / 0 0Sicily, 5 gra., brown-red* . . 19 o o

Ditto, 50 gra.* . . . . 6 5 0

46 THE MARKET.

* Unused, other than Mint. {, s. d.South Australia, ist issue, id., deep

green, pairs . . ^8 and 8 10 oDitto, local prints, id., deep

yellow-green, pairs ,£14105. & 16 o oDitto, ditto, 2d., blood red, strip

o f S 5 1 5 0Ditto, ditto, is., orange, pair . 1 1 o o

Spain, 1854, i r., indigo . . 19 o oDitto, ditto, bluish paper, 2 r.,

dull red 15 o oDitto, ditto, ditto, 2 c., green . 7 1 0 0

Switzerland, Geneva, 1843, half ofthe double stamp . . . 8 10 o

Trinidad, Litho., id., blue . . 14 10 oDitto, ditto, id., slate-blue . 8 8 0Ditto, ditto, id., slate . . 8 0 0Ditto, ditto, id., deep red . . 6 0 0

Tuscany, I soldo, pair . . . 11 10 oDitto, single copy, thinned - 5 5 °Ditto, 2 soldi . . . . 30 o oDitto, 3 lire, yellow-ochre, slight

thinning . . . 100 o oVictoria, 1850, close setting, id.,

brown-red, pair . . . 13 10 oDitto, ditto, wide setting, id.,

rose-red, strip of 3 . . . 8 0 0Ditto, ditto, ditto, id., dull red,

strip of 4 on piece . . . 20 o oDitto, ditto, fine border and

background, 2d., lilac . . 1 0 0 0Western Australia, ist issue, 4d.,

slate-blue . . . . 5 0 0Ditto, ditto, is., grey-brown,

block of 4* . . . 1 4 0 0Ditto, ditto, 6d., golden bronze . 15 10 oDitto, ditto, 6d., bronze black . 1 0 0 0Ditto, ditto, 6d., grey-black . 7 10 oDitto, 1860, 2d., vermilion, block

o f 9 * 8 0 0

Sale of January 22nd and 23rd, 1920.

France, 1849-50,10 c., deep bistre,pair on entire . . . 9 0 0

Ditto, ditto, 10 c., pair of 25 c.and strip of 3 I fc., all on onepiece 30 o o

Ditto, ditto, 10 c., strip of 3 (onetete-beche) . . . . 38 o o

Ditto, ditto, 15 c., deep green,pair and a i fc. (defective), onentire 24 o o

Ditto, ditto, 15 c., another pair. 20 o oDitto, ditto, 15 c., yellow-green,

.£9 55. and 7 0 0Ditto, ditto, 15 c., deep green,

£8 los. and 7 10 oDitto, ditto, 20 c., black, strip

of 3 (one tete-beche) . . 32 o oDitto, ditto, a pair, tite-beche . 8 10 oDitto, ditto, 25 c., deep blue,

pair, tete-beche, on entire . 46 o oDitto, ditto, 40 c., pairs,

£11 ios., £<) 153., £10, ^8,£7 , £1°, £6 , and 5 0 0

Ditto, ditto, another pair, withvariety, Fig. " 4" . . . 44 o o

* Unused, other than Mint. £ s. d.France, 1849-50, 40 c., bright ver-

milion, £7, £s 153., £$ ios.,£5, £S> and 5 i° °

Ditto, ditto, i fc., carmine, pair. 11 15 oDitto, ditto, i fc., rouge terne,

.£38,24°, and 34 o oDitto, ditto, i fc., vermilion, on

entire . . . . . . 130 o oDitto, ditto, 20 c., unissued, on

azure paper . . . . 1 3 0 0Ditto, Empire, i fc., carmine,

mint 19 o oDitto, ditto, ditto, pairs, £24 and 32 o oDitto, ditto, single copies (2)

each 12 o oDitto, ditto, other copies, £5 los.

and 8 10 oDitto, 1862, 80 c., pair, tete-beche,

pair 32 o oDitto, 5 fcs , grey-violet, mint . 7 15 oDitto, 1870-1, 10 c., pair, tete-

beche, partly severed . . 11 o oDitto, ditto, 20 c., pair, tete-

beche, partly severed . . 1 5 0 0Ditto, 1871-5, 10 c. x 15 c , pair,

mint . . . . . 23 o oDitto, ditto, small figures, 10 c.,

brown on rose, pairs, used,tete-beche, £ 6 a n d 6 0 0

Ditto, ditto, 25 c., blue, tetc-bfahe, pair, mint . . . 32 o o

Ditto, ditto, another pair, used . 1 8 o oDitto, 1876-7, 25 c., dull ultra-

marine, strip of 4, two Type iand two Type 2 . . . 1 3 0 0

Ditto, ditto, pair showing bothtypes 13 o o

Ditto, ditto, 20 c., blue, un-issued, mint . . . . 28 o o

Ditto, 1877-80, i c., Prussianblue, pair, mint . . . 1 4 0 0

Ditto, 1900, 30 c., figures twiceprinted, mint . . . 13 o o

Ditto, Journal Stamp, imperf.,2 c, rose, mint, £7 los. and 8 o o

Ditto, ditto, ditto, 5 c., lilac,mint 21 o o

Ditto, ditto, ditto, 5 c., blue,mint . . . . . 1 0 0 0

Ditto, ditto, ditto, 5 c., rose,mint . . . . . 9 0 0

Ditto, Postage Due, litho., 10 c.,black, mint . . . . 7 7 0

Ditto, ditto, 1882-92, perf. 5 fcs.,block of 4, mint . . . 7 0 0

Sale of January 2gth and 3oth, 1920.

Bremen, 5 sgr., strip of 3, mint . 4 1 0 0British Guiana, 1860, 4 c., figures

framed 4 10 oCape, blued paper, id., brick-red,

block of 4, creased . . 6 1 0 0Gibraltar, 1907-11, Universal, 6d.,

blocks of 4 , mint, each . . 7 1 0 0Great Britain, id., black, block of

4, mint 26 o oDitto, 1840, 2d., blue, block of

4,* creased . . . . 45 o o

THE MARKET. 47

* Unused, other than Mint. £ s. d.Great Britain, another block of 6,*

creased 50 o oDitto, 1841, 2d., blue, block of

4, mint . . . . . 9 10 oDitto, ditto, block of 8, mint . 22 o oDitto, 1854, 6d., on blued, mint . n o oDitto, 1848-50, id., Archer perfs.,

block of 4, mint . . . 1 0 0 0Ditto, .£5, on blued, imperf.

mint . . . . . 1 0 0 0Ditto, 2^d., Plate 2, "L.H.F.L." 5 o oDitto, 6d., buff, Plate 13, S.G.

145, imperf. at right . . 28 o oDitto, 1902-10, ^d., green, pairs,

mint, the lower stamp beingdoubly printed, ,£34, ,£29, and 35 o o

Ditto, ditto, block of 6, thethree lower stamps beingpartly doubly printed . . 22 o o

St. Vincent, 1880, is., brightvermilion* . . . - 5 5 °

Ditto, Jsd. on half 6d., pair, mint 4 15 oDitto, One Penny on 6d., on

piece . . . . . 6 5 0Switzerland, Geneva, 1845, 5 c- • 5 0 0

MESSRS. HARMER, ROOKE AND Co.

Sale of December 3oth and 31st, 1919.

Canada, 6d., purple, on laid, onentire 6 5 0

Cape, 1861, id., carmine-red, slightdefect 6 10 o

Ceylon, imperf., gd., purple-brown 14 o oFrance, 1853-60, 80 c., rose, strip

of 3, showing the tite-blchevariety, defective . . . 5 ro o

Saxony, 3 pf., red, slight defect . 7 0 0Gibraltar, 1907-11, 6d., lilac, mint,

block of 4 . . . . 7 10 oGreat Britain, 1840, 2d., blue, block

of 5, cut into the form of across 7 10 o

Ditto, 1888, Orbs,/i . . 5 5 oMauritius, 1848, id., on bluish, pair 23 o oBritish Guiana, 1862, i c., rouletted,

S.G. 116, on piece . . . 6 5 0Labuan, 1880,8 c. on 12 c., S.G. 13,

mint 5 0 0Nevis, 1866, is , yellow-green, mint 7 0 0New Britain, 1914, 8d. on 80 pf.,

S.G. ii, mint . . . . 5 10 oWinterthur, aj r, thinned . . 5 1 5 0United States, 1861, Premiere

Gravure, 5 c, orange-brown,*slight defect . . . . 7 5 0

Ditto, State, $$,* slight defect . 8 15 oDitto, ditto, $20,* ditto . . 5 0 0

Sale of January I4th and I7th, 1920.

Buenos Ayres, 4 pesos, red* . 28 o oDitto, another copy, used, thin

spot ii 10 oAustrian Mercury, 6 k., yellow,

thick paper . . . . 9 1 0 0Ditto, 30 k. (colour ?) . . 12 10 o

* Unused, other than Mint. £ s. d.Bavaria, I k., black . . . 6 1 5 0Bremen, 3 g., black and blue, on

piece . . . . . 1 0 0 0Brunswick, 1852, 2s., blue, on

piece 5 0 0Ditto, ditto, 35., red . . . 6 1 5 0

Hamburg, imperf., 43., green . 1 2 o oMecklenburg, Schwerin, rouletted,

£ sch., thinned . . . 5 0 0Oldenburg, 1856, 2 gr., rose . . 6 0 0

Ditto, 1858, -J gr., black ongreen . . . . . 6 6 0

Ditto, ditto, 3 gr., black onyellow . . . . • . 9 0 0

Saxony, 3 pf., red, ,£30 and 48 o oWurtemberg, 1866, 18 k., orange . 5 10 o

Ditto, 1873, imperf., 70 k., slightthinning. . . . . 5 10 o

Naples, 1860, -it.,and blue, thinned 13 5 oTuscany, 2 soldi . . . . 5 5 0

Ditto, 60 crazie . . . . 12 o oDitto, 1857, 9 c., brown-lilac . 5 5 0

Switzerland, Zurich, 6 r., Type 4,o n piece 6 5 0

Ditto, Geneva, 1849-50, 4 c.,*slightly creased . . . 5 10 o

Ditto, ditto, 1850, 5 c., on piece ii o oDitto, ditto, Aug., 1850, 5 c., on

entire . . . . . 15 o oDitto, Basle, 2^ r., thinned,

(,£12 los. and 7 0 0Ditto, Orts Post, 2-J r., frame to

Cross, strip of 6 " . . . 2 8 0 0Ditto, Poste Locale, no frame

to Cross, 2^ r. . . . 9 0 0British Guiana, 1858-9, I c., red,

imperf 10 10 oBushire, 5 k.* . . . . 19 o oCanada, 6d., purple-black, laid . 5 5 o

Ditto, perf. 12, 6d., purple-brown, thin spot . . . 9 0 0

Ditto, 7^d., green . . . 5 10 oCape, 1855, 6d., lilac, pair, on

piece . . . . . 7 i° °Ditto, 1863, id., deep carmine,

block of 4 . . . . 8 1 0 0Ditto, ditto, id., dark brown-

red, block of 4 . . . 6 10 oCeylon, imperf., gd., purple-brown, 13 10 o

Ditto, ditto, is. gd., green. . 9 0 0Ditto, 1861, 8d., brown, slight

nick . . . . . 8 5 0Gambia, 1874, CC, imperf., 6d.,

blue, block of 6*, one stampslightly torn . . . . 50 o o

Great Britain, 1840, 2d., blue,strip of 3 . . . . 9 10 o

Ditto, 1854-7, Small Crown, perf.14, 2d., blue, mint . . . 8 10 o

Ditto, 2s., brown, £4 175. 6d.,.£5 I2s. 6d., and 515 o

Ditto, 1867-83, Anchor, £1,brown-lilac, ,£8 175. 6d. and 9 9 0

Ditto, ,£5, orange . . . 6 5 0Ditto, 1888, Orbs, .£1, brown-

lilac 5 15 oDitto, 1887, £i, green, mint, *

block of 4 . . . . 8 0 0

48

* Unused, other than Mint. £ s. a.New Brunswick, 6d., yellow,

£$ IQS. a n d 6 5 0Newfoundland, 6d., orange-ver-

milion 6 15 oNew South Wales, Sydney, 3d.,

green 10 10 oDitto, 1853, 8d., orange . . 9 15 o

New Zealand, London print, 2d.,deep blue on bleute, pair . 1 6 0 0

Ditto, 1856, 2d., blue, on bluedpair . . . . 7 0 0

Nova Scotia, 6d., deep green . 8 1 0 0South Australia, 1867-70, 2s., car-

mine, printed on both sides . 5 1 0 0

Sale of January igth, 2ist, and 24th, 1920.

Bahamas, Special Delivery, 1916,5d., orange and black, in-verted overprint, mint, withCertificate . . . . 17 o o

British Guiana, 1852, 4 c. . . 13 10 oCanada, 7^d., mint . . . 1 0 0 0Cape Woodblock, id., carmine,

defective corner . . . 10 10 oCeylon, imperf., 8d., brown . . 25 o oGibraltar, 1904,^1 . . . 8 5 0Gold Coast, 203., green and red,

mint [3 10 oBritish Levant, I p. on 2d., on

piece 10 o oNaples, 50 gr., brown-carmine* . 6 1 0 0Lagos, 2s . 6d., olive-black, mint . 8 5 0

Ditto, 55., blue, mint. . . n o oDitto, los , purple-brown, mint. 26 o o

Natal, 1857, 3d., rose, pair, onentire . . . . . 1 6 0 0

Ditto, 1867, is., green, mint,block of 12 . . . . 9 1 0 0

Russia, imperf., 10 k., brown andblue, mint . . . . 7 5 0

Ditto, Levant, 1865, 10 p.,brown and blue . . . 9 0 0

Ditto, ditto, ditto, 2 p., blueand red 12 10 o

Tobago, £ I, mauve . . . 13 o oMauritius, 1848, id., on bluish,

pair 24 o oDitto, Oct., 1859, 2d., deep blue,

minute defect. . . . 32 o o

THE MARKET.

* Unused, other than Mint. £, s. d.

British Guiana, 1862, 2 c., S.G. 119,full roulettes . . . . 5 10 o

Cape, 1855-8, is., dark green, mint,pairs . . . . each 7 0 0

Ceylon, 1872-80, 2.500., 12^x14 ,mint . . . . . 5 0 0

Dominican Republic, 1865, laid,| r., black on green, mint . 5 0 0

Gibraltar, 1886 (Jan.), set of 7(id. and 2^d. used . . . 8 5 0

Leeward Islands, Sexagenary,mint, set of 5, and duplicates2jd. and 4d. . . . . 6 0 0

New Britain, on New Guinea, 2ndprinting, id. on 5 pf, no stopsafter " G R I " . . . 10 10 o

Ditto, on Marshall Islands. 3d.on 30 pf., no stop after " D,"mint 1 6 0 0

Newfoundland, 8d., lake, mint,sheet of 20 . . . . 12 o o

New South Wales, Sydney, Plate i,id , on yellowish . . . 5 10 o

Ditto, ditto, ditto, id., pair . 9 0 0Ditto, ditto, Plate 2, id., on

bluish, pair . . . . 9 0 0Ditto, ditto, ditto, id., dull car-

mine on yellowish . . . 7 7 0Ditto, ditto, 3d., emerald on

yellowish . . . . 5 10 oQueensland, 1860, id., carmine-rose 5 10 oSt. Lucia, 1883-4, is., orange, mint 5 10 o

Ditto, perf. 12, 4d., yellow, mint 5 10 oTogo, Anglo-French Occupation,

20 pf., "TOG," on piece . . 21 o oTransvaal, 1903, .£5, orange-brown

and violet, mint . . . 14 10 oTurk's Islands, 1881, 2jd. on is.,

lilac, S.G. 29, mint . . 8 15 oDitto, ditto, ditto, S.G. 36, mint 5 1 0 oDitto, ditto, ditto, S.G. 37 , mint 9 0 0

Western Australia, 6d., black-bronze 5 15 oCollection, foreign only, about

75°° 47 o o

Sale of January I3th and i6th, 1920.

Bahamas, 1861, 6d., grey-lilac,mint . . . . . 4 8 0

Barbados, 55., dull rose, mint . 4 8 0Cayman Islands, 1908, id. on 4d.,

on yellow, mint . . . 5 10 oGreat Britain, 1867-83, Cross, £i,

brown-lilac . . . . 4 0 0Canada, thin paper, 6d., dull

purple 5 15 oDitto, perf. 12, 6d., brown-

purple 9 0 0

Sale of January 29th and 3oth, 1920.

Great Britain, Anchor, los., grey-green . . . . . 4 0 0

Brazil, 1843,90 reis . . . " 3 3 oOldenburg, 1861, J gr., yellow-

green* 3 10 oNew South Wales, Sydney, Plate I,

2d., S.G. 15 . . . . 7 7 0Ditto, Laureated, 6d.," Walls". 4 1 5 o

MB. A. H. THOMPSON.

Sale of December I2th, 1919.

Great Britain, 2s., brown, tiny tear 5 1 7 6Mafia, mint, set of 10 . . . 1 6 1 0 0Portugal, St. Anthony, set of 15,

to 100 reis . . . . 5 5 0Collection, an old stuck-down col-

lection in 1866 Album, 783 . 37 o o

Sale of December igth and 2oth, 1919.

Baghdad, ^ a. on 10 paras, S.G. 3,mint 13 o o