Logistics by Roadways & Railways

Tikeswar NaikMT14IND024

Industrial engineeringVisvesvaraya national institute technology , Nagpur

What is Logistics??• Logistics is the management of the flow of goods between the 

point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet some requirements, of customers or corporations.

• logistics  can  include  physical  items,  such  as  food,  materials, animals,  equipment  and  liquids,  as  well  as  abstract  items, such as time, information, particles, and energy.

• The    logistics  of    physical    items  usually  involves  the integration  of  information  flow, material handling, production, packaging, inventory, transportation,      warehousing, and often security.

Logistic by Roadways

• Means by which a shipment is moved from point “A” to point “B” by road

• Cargo can’t be handled in every part of the country through railway.

• Roadways play major role in handling cargo even in small town.• Roadways transportation is done through truck/lorries.• There are no. of lorries having different capacities.

Introduction- Indian road logistics• Some Facts……. India is having second largest road network in world.(3.38 million KM) Road network carry nearly 65% of freight and 85% of passenger traffic Average speed on Indian highways is 30 km per hour, which is three times lower

than the average speed on highways in developed countries. Roads in India are divided into the following five categories:

National Highways (NH) State Highways (SH) Major District Roads (MDR) Other District Roads (ODR) Village Roads (VR)

National highways form only 2% of the total roads by length and carry about 40% of the traffic

Out of total length of national highways: 27 % - single lane/intermediate lane 59 % - double-lane standard 14 % - four-lane/ six-lane/ eight lane standard

Indian Road Network

Types of road Length(in KM) % of total

National Highway 65,569 2.00

State Highway 131,899 4.00

Major District road 467,763 14.10

Village & other road 2,650,000 79.90

Total 3,315,231 100

Major Road ProjectsNHDP & Other NHAI Projects

Total Length (Km.)

Already 4/6Laned

(Km.)

Under Implementat

ion (Km.)

Contracts Under

Implementation (No.)

Balance length for

award(Km.)

GQ5,846

5,846(100.00%)

0 0 -

NS - EWPh. I & II 7,142 6,360 365 42 417

PortConnectivity 380 379 1 1 0

NHDP Phase III 12,109 6,393 4,373 89 1,343

NHDP Phase IV 14,799 942 5,904 55 7,953

NHDP Phase V 6,500 2,001 2,080 27 2,419

NHDP Phase VI 1,000 - - - 1,000

NHDP Phase VII 700 22 19 1 659

NHDP Total 48,476 21,943 12,742 215 13,791

NHDP

Others (Ph.-I, Ph.-II & Misc.)1754 1428 326 10 -

SARDP -NE 388 99 12 1 277

Total by NHAI 50,618 23,470 13,080 226 14,068

Share of different mode of Transport in India’s GDP

Sector 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Transport of which:

5.7 5.8 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.4

Road Transport 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5

Railways 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

Water transport 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Air transport 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

services 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Indian Road Logistics-Comparison

Road logistic in India Golden Quadrilateral

• The  Golden  Quadrilateral  is  a  highway network  connecting  India's  four  largest metros : Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata

• First  phase  of  the  National  Highways Development Project .

• The  second  phase  involves  the development of the North-South and East-West  links,  which  runs  from  Srinagar  to Kanyakumari  and  from  Porbunder  to Silchar

• The  project  aims  of  building  5,846 km (3,633 mi)  of  four/six  lane  express highways at a cost US$12.2 billion

Road logistic in IndiaAdvantage & Disadvantage

A very popular mode of transport used by supplier and business to deliver orders. Many transport companies provide scheduled delivery days and next day delivery services, depending upon the needs. Goods can be packed/grouped in box vans or in containers which are also used for sea transportation.

Cost effective Fast delivery Ideal for short distance

Ideal for transporting perishable (fruits & vegetable)

Easy monitor location of goods Easy to communicate with driver

Transport subject to traffic delays Transport subject to break down Goods susceptible to damage

through careless driving Bad weather

Driving regulation can cause delay

Key players in Indian Road logistic

Key players in Indian Road logistic• Services provided Container Movement : It moves containers on monthly basis between Port 

and (de)stuffing points Full Truck Load (FTL) Transportation: It  can  move  the  Full  Truck  Load 

Cargo all over India. Less than Truck Load (LTL) Transportation: It  has  specific  routes all  over 

India to move small cargo loads to give customers flexibility and economic advantage

32 feet Containerized Vehicles: These  trucks  are  specially  designed  to provide you with a very cost effective  transport  solution,  leading up  to a 30% saving on your transportation

Hazardous Cargo Transportation: It  can  move  your  chemicals  and inflammable  materials  to  all  destinations  across  India  via  ISO  tank containers and specially designed vehicles

Premium Car Transportation: This  custom  built  vehicle  is  specially designed  for  the  transportation  of  Single  Premium  Cars  from  your doorstep to destination

Key players in Indian Road logistic

Long Haul truck Mining truck Distribution truck

Steel container

Refrigerated container Ambulance Aluminium FSD

Key players in Indian Road logistic

• Defense

Key issue in indian Road logistics• Road capacity in India is very low with most national highways 

having two lanes or less.• Congestion of roads is a major problem with a quarter of all of 

India's highways being congested.• The average productivity of a truck in India is an abysmal 200 

kms a day which could be increased to 350 - 400 kms just by reduction in congestion

• Transportation of goods by road is too much time consuming.• Lack participation of private sector• Maintainance

 

Key issue in indian Road logistics

Logistic by railways

Railways

• Railway play a major role in cargo handling• Railway  handle  cargo  from  sea  port  to  various  part  of  the 

country.• Railway has special wagons to carry the cargo.• Through  railway  large  volume  of  cargo  can  be  handled  in  a 

short period of time.

Logistic by railwaysWorld’s fourth-largest rail network:• Indian  Railways  had  12,335  passenger  trains  carrying  over  30 

million passengers daily. On  the commercial  front, 1,119 million tonnes of freight was transported via trains 

• It has a total route network of about 64,600 kilometres (of which 29.98 per cent is double/multi-track) spread across 7,146 stations.

• Operates more than 19,000 trains every day • It has 239,321 wagons, 61,899 coaches, and 9,549 locomotives 

Indian railway-Zones

1. Central railway2. Eastern railway3. East central railway4. East coast railway5. Northern railway6. North Central Railway7. North Eastern Railway8. North Frontier Railway9. North Western Railway10. Southern Railway11. South Central Railway12. South Eastern Railway13. South East Central Railway14. South Western Railway15. Western Railway16. West Central Railway

• Railways has two major segments

Passenger :- About 12,335 passenger trains were in operation in FY14  Over 30 million passengers  travel by  trains on a daily basis  in 

India 

Freight :-

Around  1,119  million  tonnes  of  freight  was  transported  via trains in FY14 

These  include  a  huge  variety  of  goods  like  mineral  ores,  iron and steel, fertilizers, petrochemicals, and agricultural produce 

Railway freight structure

Ability to pay principle

Speed

Distance

Liability of risk (Railways’s risk & Owner’s risk)

Types of Wagon(closed, open , refrigerated)

Liability to damage- (premium attached)

Nature of commodity-Liability to inflammation/explosion

Nature of commodity- size and packing of commodity

Indian railways-Service provided

• Freight • Freight  remains  the  major 

revenue  earning  segment  for the railways, accounting for 67 per  cent  of  total  revenues  in FY14 .

• Last 2 decades, shifted to large container movement.

• Majority  of  earnings  comes from  carrying  bulk  goods  like iron ore , coal, crude oil.

Strong growth in freight traffic

FY 7 FY8 FY 9 FY 10 FY 11 FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17

745 804 837 892 926 975 10381119

12061300

1405

FREIGHT TRAFFIC(million tonnes)

Types of goods wagon or freight car

BOXNHL

for the transportation of bulk goods that are not moisture-retentive and can  usually  be  tipped,  dumped  or shovelled

BOBYN

 used  to  transport  loose bulk commodities such  as coal, ore, grain, and track ballast

Types of goods wagon or freight car

BCNHL

FLAT WAGON

generally used to carry general freight

Flat wagons  are  used  for  loads  that  are too  large  or  cumbersome  to  load  in enclosed cars such as covered wagon

Dedicated freight corridor

DFCCIL,  a  special  purpose  vehicle, was  set  up  for  implementing the DFC project under the administrative control of the Ministry of Railways 

The plan is to construct dedicated freight lines along the Eastern and Western parts of India 

Total  length:  3,300  kilometres;  total  estimated  cost:  USD16.7 billion; project scheduled for completion in FY17 

Objectives…DFCCIL

Increase rail freight share through customised logistic services

Segregate freight and passenger lines for focused approach

Create additional freight capacity to meet demand Introduce time-tabled freight services to ensure

better services Adopt high-end technology for real-time data analysis Reduce unit cost of transportation and increase

productivity

Inherent advantages of therail container transport

Lower transportation costHigher reliabilityRelatively safer and secureVery environmentally friendlyReduced accidents.

Key player in railways logistic

Navratna PSU under the Indian Ministry of Railways 

CONCOR operates three core businesses: cargo carrier , terminal operator, and warehouse operator

Logistics Sectors

• Oil & Gas sector Transportation of drilling  rigs, equipment  for oil processing plants,  equipment  for  gas  supply,  dehydrators,  oxygen  plants, compressors, rectification columns and tanks

Logistics Sectors

• Energy sector               Transportation  of  transformers,  columns,  gas  and  steam turbines, power cables

Logistics Sectors• Mining sector• Transportation of mining excavators and dump trucks, 

equipment for coal extraction, mobile crasher, machinery for vertical and horizontal drilling

Logistics Sectors

• Agriculture• Transportation of harvesters, seeding-machines, tractors, 

cotton-harvesters

Logistics Sectors• Construction• Transportation of gantry and lattice-jib cranes, excavators, 

bulldozers, pipelayers.

reference• https://

www.kpmg.com/DE/de/Documents/Logistics_Game_Changers_Transforming_India_logistics_industry_2013.pdf

• www.ibef.org

• www.wikipedia.com

Thank you

1) what is logistics? What are the different types of logistics?

2) What are the advantage and disadvantage of road logistics?

3) What are the key issue of indian road logistics?

4) What are the different type of rail freight structure?

5) What is the advantages of rail container transport?