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Euphimisms

A neutral or positive expression instead that carries negative as

A Euphimism is a polite expression used in place of words or photherwise might be considered harsh or unpleasant to hear. Euare used regularly, and there are many examples in every day la

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Examples of Euphimisms

Passed away instead of died

Letting someone go instead of firing someone

Pregnancy termination instead of abortion

On the streets instead of homeless

Adult entertainment instead of pornography

Adult beverages instead of beer or liquor

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Dysphemisms

Used to produce a negative effect on a listeners or readers attisomething or to tone down the positive associations it may hav

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Examples of Dysphemisms

Snail mailfor postal mail

Cancer stickin reference to a cigarette.

Eggheadfor genius.

Bullshitfor lies.

Fagfor homosexual man.

Nigger/Negro for a colored human.

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Rhetorical Definitions

Used emotively charged language to express or elicit an attitud

something.

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Example of Rhetorical Definition

Defining abortion as "the murder of an unborn child"does this a

the deck against those who think abortion is morally defensible

"human being" could be restricted in it's meaning to an organishuman gives birth. under this definition, abortion could not be

homicide.

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Rhetorical Explanations

A rhetorical explanation is an explanation that is intended to in

listeners attitudes or behavior. Rhetorical explanations, when wslanter, into a cause and effect relationship (B is the cause of A

way that accepting the given cause for the effect implies somethor insulting about the effect, A. An example is: 'He voted for Ker

he's always liked people who can't stand by their decisions; bird

feather flock together.'

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Example of Rhetorical Explanatio

I am a traditional liberal who keeps asking himself, why has the

such a seismic shift in affirmative action? It used to be affirmat

stood for equal opportunity; now it means preferences and quot

Why the change? It's because the people behind affirmative acti

aren't for equal rights anymore; they're for handouts.

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Stereotyping

Is a thought or image about a group of people based on little or

A language that reduces people or things to categories can indu

audience to accept a claim unthinkingly or to make a snap judgconcerning groups of individuals about whom they know a little

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Examples of Stereotyping

All blond women are dumb.

All red heads are sluts.

All librarians are women who are old, wear glasses, tie a high bu

a perpetual frown on their face.

All Muslims are terrorists. All white people are all racist.

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Innuendo

An innuendo is an oblique allusion; a hint, insinuation; or a vei

equivocal reflection on character or reputation. It's like a subtle

hint of one's attitude or personality. It may also be referred to a

remark

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Example of Innuendo

Nicoh and Claire are in a fight. And since Nicoh is mad at Claire

constantly hint on things about Claire's personality. Nicoh will drop innuendos about Claire.

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Loaded Question

A loaded question is a question which contains a controversial o

assumption. It is a question hinting at something assumed thatnecessarily be true.

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Example of Loaded Question

A good example of this is questions asked in an interrogation of

by a police officer. Often, police officers ask questions loaded wi

assumptions they make/made about the criminal in relation to case.

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Weaselers

may be an informal term for equivocating words and phrases ai

creating an impression that something specific and meaningful

said, when in fact only a vague or ambiguous claim, or even a rbeen communicated.

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Examples of Weaselers

when you are arguing with someone and you don't know what t

anymore, you can use a weaseler to get out of the argument

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Downplayers

Downplaying is an attempt to make someone or something look less important or less significant. Stereotyp

comparisons, rhetorical explanations, and innuendo can all be used to downplay something.

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Example of Downplayer

Dont mind what Mr. Peirce says in class; hes a liberal. This att

downplay Mr. Pierce and whatever views he expresses in class mastereotype, we can also downplay by careful insertion of certain w

other devices.

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Horse Laugh/Ridicule/Sarca

The kind of rhetorical device we call the horse laugh includes th

ridicule of all kinds. Ridicule is a powerful rhetorical tool-most

hate being laughed at. So its important to remember that some

simply gets a laugh at the expense of anothers position has not

objection to the position

Sarcasm is the opposite of what you really want to say especiato insult someone, to show irritation, or to be funny.

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Hyperbole

Is an extravagant overstatement. A claim that exaggerates for ef

way to become hyperbole, depending on the strength of its langu

point being made.

To describe a hangnail as a serious injury is hyperbole; so is us

facist to describe parents who insist that their teenager be hom

midnight.

Dysphemisms often involve hyperbole. it describe the views of a

an opposing political party or etc.

Hyperbole is also frequently used in ridicule.

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Example of Hyperbole

Oscar Peterson is an unbelievably inventive pianist is a stro

is not hyperbolic- it isnt really extravagant.

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