lofted final report

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LOFTEDLOFTED Housing for the UNC Coastal Studies Institute

Adam DunnAbhilash Kunnatoor Margabandu

Courtney RichesonCarlos Vega

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CONTENT 4

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Introduction

Site Analysis

Code Research

Precedents

Building + Site Program

Structure

Sustainable Strategies + Systems

Hazards

Construction Sequencing

References

Decision Support Spreadsheets

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Our initial response to this site, in a boathouse proposal, was to express the horizontality of the landscape. We proposed a line on the landscape in the form of a bridge.

THE HORIZONTALAXISTHE HORIZONTALAXIS

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With this project we realized that the landscape is more nuanced. Vertical elements that break the horizon are few and scattered, but they are special moments and means of shelter against a harsh landscape. We sought to achieve this essence by building not in the plain, but in the forest.

THE VERTICALAXISTHE VERTICALAXIS

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SIT

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SIS

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Flood Water at 10’This diagram shows the portions of the site that would be fl ooded 10’ above sea level, which is the requried elevation for structures based on the Base Flood Elevation (8’), Freeboard requirements for Dare County (which add an additional foot), and the International Building Code for buildings in Coastal A Flood Zones (which add another foot).

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Prevailing WindsThis diagram shows the minor prevailing winds coming form the northeast during September and October, and the major prevailing winds coming from the southwest from November to August.

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No-Build Zone and SetbacksThis diagram shows the three major setbacks on the site, all measured from the edge of the wetlands: a 30’ CAMA setback, a 50’ DWQ setback, and a 75’ AEC setback.

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Soil SurveyThis diagram shows the various soil types found on the site.

HoA

BvA

BaC

IcA

LeA

JoA

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CO

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IMPORTANTDEFINITIONSIMPORTANTDEFINITIONS

Base Flood Elevation (8’)The elevation of the base fl ood, including wave height, relative to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum, North American Vertical Datum, or other datum specifi ed on the Flood Insurance Rate Map.

Freeboard (+1’)Dare County’s required height to add to base fl ood elevation, calculated below the bottom of the lowest horizontal structural member. This must be added to any elevation required by the IBC. IBC adds an additional 1’ requirement, meaning that the bottom of the lowest horizontal structural member must be at a 10’ elevation.

Flood Zone AEFlood insurance rate zone used for the 1-percent-annual-chance fl oodplains that are determined for the Flood Insurance Survey (FIS) by detailed methods of analysis. In most instances, Base Flood Elevations (BFEs) derived from the detailed hydraulic analyses are shown at selected intervals in this zone. Mandatory fl ood insurance purchase requirements apply. AE zones are areas of inundation by the 1-percent-annual-chance fl ood, including areas with the 2-percent wave runup, elevation less than 3 feet above the ground, and areas with wave heights less than 3 feet. These areas are subdivided into elevation zones with BFEs assigned. The AE zone will generally extend inland to the limit of the 1-percent-annual-chance Stillwater Flood Level (SWEL).

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INTERNATIONALENERGYCONSERVATIONCODE

INTERNATIONALENERGYCONSERVATIONCODE

Insulation and Fenestration Requirements by ComponentClimate Zone 3

Fenestration U-Factor

Skylight U-Factor

Glazed Fenestration SHGC

Ceiling R-Value

Wood Frame Wall R-Value

Mass Wall R-Value

Floor R-Value

Basement Wall R-Value

Slab R-Value + Depth

Crawl Space Wall R-Value

0.35

0.55

0.25

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20 or 13+5

8/13

19

5/13

0

5/13

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Interior FinishesInterior fi nishes, trim, and decorative materials must be below design fl ood elevation

Interior EnvironmentOpenings for under-fl oor ventilation may meet fl ood opening requirements of ASCE 24 provided that they are designed/ installed in accordance with ASCE 24 standard (see attachments)

Exterior WallsExterior walls below fl ood elevation must be constructed with fl ood damage-resistant materials. Wood must be pressure-preservative treated or decay-resistant heartwood of redwood, black locust, or cedar.

If potentially exposed to wave action, electrical, mechanical, and plumbing system components may not be mounted or penetrate through breakaway walls

Soils and FoundationsFill must be placed, compacted, and sloped to minimize shifting, slumping, and erosion during the rise of fl oodwater. Must not exceed a slope of 2H:1V

Encroachment on fl oodways and fl ood hazard areas cannot increase the design fl ood elevation more than 1 foot at any point

Finished ground level of an under-fl oor space such as a crawl space must be equal to or higher than the outside fi nished ground level on at least one side

Site improvementSewer and water facilities must be designed in a way that minimizes or eliminates infi ltration of fl oodwaters into the systems, and discharge from the systems into the fl oodwaters. Storm drainage must convey the fl ow of surface waters to minimize damage to persons/property.

Streets and sidewalks must be designed to minimize potential for increasing or aggravating fl ood levels

Manufactured HomesDefi ned as a structure that is transportable in one or more sections, built on a permanent chassis, or designed for use without a permanent foundation. Includes mobile homes, park trailers, travel trailers, and similar transportable structures that are placed on a site for 180 consecutive days or longer.

Lowest fl oor must be elevated above design fl ood elevation.

Must be placed on permanent, reinforced foundations.

Must be anchored to an anchored foundation system in a way that resists fl otation, collapse, and lateral movement. Use of over-the-top or frame ties to ground anchors is acceptable.

Tanks and Detached Accessory StructuresUnderground tanks must be anchored to prevent fl otation, collapse, or lateral movement

Above ground tanks must be at or above the design fl ood elevation, or anchored to prevent fl otation, collapse, or lateral movement

Tank inlets and vents must be at or above the design fl ood elevation, or fi tted with covers designed to prevent infl ow of fl oodwater or outfl ow of contents. They must also be anchored.

Detached accessory structures must be anchored. Fully enclosed accessory structures must have fl ood openings to allow for automatic entry and exit of fl oodwaters

IBC CODES +REGULATIONSIBC CODES +REGULATIONS

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slab-on-fi ll Perimeter Wall(Crawlspace)

Open Foundation(Piers / Posts / Columns)

Open Foundation(Piles)

Foundation Restrictions: Coastal A Flood Zone

Lowest Floor Elevation

Floor Framing

BFE + 1’

Foundation Element

FEMA Quick Reference Guide, 2012

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LOBLOLLYHOUSELOBLOLLYHOUSEKieranTimberlakeTaylors Island, Maryland

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ContextSimilar to our site, Loblolly House is positioned within the trees. The wooded context is expressed by the material pattern of its cladding and the timber columns it stands on. The house opens up to its environment via full-wall operable windows and small porches that project outside the mass of the home itself. Extensive glazing lets in views of the woods while also emitting light at dusk such that the house becomes a luminous volume.

ElevatedThe Loblolly house resolves what could be an awkward elevated height by elongating itself in one direction in order to stay narrow in the other. This minimizes its footprint and therefore its perceived scale.

Site PlanThe Loblolly House’s is a volume that engages its site via fenestration: glazing, operable membranes, and an empty fi rst level that allows the site to pass beneath.

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HOUSE ONHOOPERSISLAND

HOUSE ONHOOPERSISLANDDavid Jameson Architects, Inc.Church Creek, Maryland

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Site PlanUnlike the Loblolly House, the House on Hoopers Island engages its site through the placement of its masses. Light and air pass through the masses and create space between the volumes, while elevated pathways weave in and out. Unlike the Loblolly House, the buildings remain largely sealed.

ElevatedThe larger scale of this program is resolved by a smaller elevation above the ground, such that the structure is not visible and the volumes appear to be hovering.

MembraneEach volume is treated like a tube wrapped in opaque material, but open at the ends for targeted views.

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ALLANDALEHOUSEALLANDALEHOUSEWilliam O’Brien Jr.

MaterialityLike the individual volumes of the House on Hoopers Island, The Allandale House is also treated like a tube. It is clad with dark standing seam aluminum except at its ends, where a dramatic view either into or out of the building occurs. The contrast between what is opaque and what is glazed is further emphasized by the color contrast between the black standing seam aluminum and the white mullions supporting the transparent glazing.

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LEEPERSTUDIOLEEPERSTUDIOCharles Rose ArchitectsNew Smyrna Beach, Florida

Site PlanAn elevated boardwalk links the individual masses of the Leeper Studio. The form of the boardwalk itself intersects with the masses at ad-hoc angles, such that it becomes diffi cult to distinguish whether the buildings or the boardwalk are more fi gural.

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MATCHBOXHOUSEMATCHBOXHOUSEBureau for Architecture and UrbanismAnn Arbor, Michigan

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MaterialityLike some of the previous precedents, the Matchbox House opens itself at its ends for views and accessibility. But rather than being totally glazed at these ends, it is still largely opaque but out of a diff erent material pallatte. Standing seam aluminum as a wrapper changes to metal panels and wood cladding on these ends. Diff erent materials take on diff erent geometric forms to create an interesting elevation. The interior is largely white and fl at, creating a light and airy space along which light can bounce to the vaulted spaces on the interior.

ProgramThe program of the Matchbox House is fi t into a volume that is not only long and narrow, but tall and angled. Spaces are formed by the compression of space inward and the release of space upward.

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Fostering CommunityThe atmosphere of the Coastal Studies Institute is heavily infl uenced by both the community created within the campus bounds and the surrounding community of Roanoke Island. Staff congregates in the boathouse for oyster roasts, researchers collaborate at local cafes, some bike to work, some even kayak. Our proposed bike path, along which the residences are organized, is an opportunity to incorporate the broader community into the CSI campus.

SITECONCEPTSITECONCEPT

Experiencing the SiteThe CSI campus exists now as a research building and a boathouse. These are linked by a series of landscaped retention ponds through which people can meander along small footpaths from one to the other. The experience is one of openness, magnifi ed by the immense scale of the fl at, surrounding landscape. We sought to both preserve this expereince and create a new one by creating a residential complex not on the existing site, but in a very diff erent one: a wooded area adjacent to the main campus.

This presents an entirely new and unexpected experience of the site: from a lofted perspective amidst the trees. Each building is oriented to take advantage of views to the north (woods) and south (Croatan Sound). These north-south views are more advantageous from a solar perspective than the east-west views off ered on the main campus.

This land is owned by the state of North Carolina and could feasibly be purchased for use as CSI residences.

Harnessing the SitePlacing the residential complex in the woods off ers many advantages. The northern trees provide protection from cooler northerly winds in the winters, and intense beam light from the south and west during the summers. The land elevation minimizes the height each building must be elevated by as a fl ood prevention strategy.

Leaving the main campus open allows for an unobstructed wind pattern through the site, and therefore an opportunity to harness wind power to off set the electrical needs of our proposed residences. Our two proposed wind turbines are placed prominently along the bike path as objects to be celebrated and meandered through.

Additionally, this site plan creates distance between living and working facilities, which is not only psychologically benefi cial, but physiologically benefi cial through creating opportunities to commute by foot or bicycle along the proposed path.

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Wind ProtectionThis diagram shows how the surrounding forest protects the residences from cooler northerly winds during the winter.

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ViewsThis diagram show how each building is oriented to take advantage of views to the north (woods) and south (Croatan Sound).

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Summer SolsticeThis diagram shows the shadows cast across the site at summer solstice.

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Winter SolsticeThis diagram shows the shadows cast across the site at winter solstice.

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CirculationThis diagram shows the proposed bike path that leads from the broader community through the residences and into the main CSI campus

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Renewable EnergiesThis diagram shows where renewable energy is generated. Two wind turbines along the bikepath act in conjunction with a photovoltaic array atop the existing CSI building, which is already equipped to support such an array.

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Potential ResidentsThe Coastal Studies Institute has a diverse range of visitors, researchers, and students, all potentially requiring diff erent longevities and styles of on-campus residence. These include:

StudentsShared facilitiesSeveral weeks to months of residence

ResearchersPrivate facilitiesSeveral weeks to months of residence

Visiting FamiliesPrivate facilitiesSeveral days to weeks of residence.

BUILDINGCONCEPTBUILDINGCONCEPT

A Concept of VersatilityRather than creating a scheme of single-family residences or multi-student dormitories, we sought a solution that could accommodate these diff erent longevities and styles of residence. We created 11 residential structures that can be categorized into three types:

Three Story SchemeNumber of Units: 5Unit Capacity: 6 - 8 personsTotal Capacity: 30 - 40 persons

Two Story SchemeNumber of Units: 4Unit Capacity: 3 - 4 personsTotal Capacity: 12 - 16 persons

Accessible One Story SchemeNumber of Units: 2Unit Capacity: 2 - 4 personsTotal Capacity: 4 - 8 persons

Creating a CommunityBecause community is a valuable residential resource for all groups represented here, we consolidated these various residentail options along a common boardwalk that includes an open, accessible, screened-in community pavilion for residents’ use. All fi rst fl oors are at the same elevation to maintain accessibility between residences.

TOTAL CAPACITY:46 - 64 PERSONS

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TOTAL CAPACITY:46 - 64 PERSONS

THREE STORYSCHEMETHREE STORYSCHEME

Minimum Capacity: 6 personsMaximum Capacity: 8 personsTotal Area: 2,292 sqft

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First FloorArea: 1,094 sqft

Private Open Porch

Private Screened Porch

Dining

Living

Kitchen

Mechanical

Water Closet

Public-Facing Open Porch

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Second FloorArea: 467 sqft

Reading Nook

Water Closet

2 Person Bedroom

1 - 2 Person Bedroom

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Third FloorArea: 413 sqft

Water Closet

2 Person Bedroom


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LoftArea: 318 sqft

Open Work / Study Space

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TWO STORYSCHEMETWO STORYSCHEME

Minimum Capacity: 3 personsMaximum Capacity: 4 personsArea: 1,879 sqft

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First FloorArea: 1,094 sqft

Private Open Porch


Dining

Living

Kitchen

Mechanical

Water Closet


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Second FloorArea: 467 sqft

Reading Nook

Water Closet

2 Person Bedroom

1- 2 Person Bedroom

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LoftArea: 318 sqft

Open Work / Study Space

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Minimum Capacity: 2 personsMaximum Capacity: 4 personsTotal Area: 1,573 sqft

ACCESSIBLEONE STORYSCHEME

ACCESSIBLEONE STORYSCHEME

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Accessible First FloorArea: 1,573 sqft

Private Open Porch


Water Closet



Mechanical

Kitchen

Dining

Living


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COMMUNITYPAVILIONCOMMUNITYPAVILION

Maximum Capacity: 64 +Total Area: 1,573 sqft

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Public Open Porch

Public Screened-In Space

Public Open Porch

Sitting Nooks

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Boardwalk: First Floor Plans

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Boardwalk: Second Floor Plans

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Boardwalk: Third Floor Plans

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Boardwalk: Fourth Floor Plans

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STRUCTURESTRUCTURE

Steel FrameUsing our three-story scheme, the most structurally complex of the series, we assessed several possible structural solutions. A steel frame was the most viable solution provided it overcome two serious obstacles: corrosion and expense.

To prevent corrosion, we clad the building in a continuous envelope of thermal and moisture protection. No steel structure is exposed.

To minimize expense, we used moment connections only on the open fi rst level, switching to pin connections with lateral reinforcement in the upper fl oors to protect against potentially high wind loads.

The foundation system is a series of concrete piles placed on pile caps, providing both vertical stability and preventing the tall, rigid structure from overturning under high wind loads.

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Lateral Stability

Embodied Energy

Cost

Large Equipment

Like Systems

Longevity / Durability

Mantenance

Wind / Hurricane Resistance

Aesthetics

Steel with Concrete Floor Slabs

Timber Concrete with CMUs and Open Web-Joists

Concrete with Timber Framing

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Structural System

Evaluation

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First Floor:Steel Frame with Moment ConnectionsConcrete Floor Slab

Foundation:Concrete piles with pile caps

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Upper Floors:Steel Frame with Pin ConnectionsConcrete Floor slabs

Lateral Reinforcement:Steel Beams with Pin Connections

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AwareAwareness means knowing what your strengths and assets are, what liabilities and vulnerabilities you have, and what threats and risks you face. Being aware is not a static condition; it’s the ability to constantly assess, take in new information, reassess and adjust your understanding of the most critical and relevant strengths and weaknesses and other factors on the fl y. This requires methods of sensing and information-gathering including robust feedback loops, such as community meetings or monitoring systems for a global telecommunications network.

DiverseDiversity implies that a person or system has a surplus of capacity such that it can successfully operate under a diverse set of circumstances, beyond what is needed for every-day functioning or relying on only one element for a given purpose. Diversity includes redundancy, alternatives, and back-ups, so it can call up reserves during a disruption or switch over to an alternative functioning mode. Being diverse also means that the system possesses or can draw upon a range of capabilities, information sources, technical elements, people or groups.

Self-RegulatingThis means elements within a system behave and interact in such a way as

to continue functioning to the system’s purpose, which means it can deal with anomalous situations and interferences without extreme malfunction, catastrophic collapse, or cascading disruptions. This is sometimes called “islanding” or “de-networking”—a kind of failing safely that ensures failure is discrete and contained. A self-regulating system is more likely to withstand a disruption, less likely to exacerbate the eff ects of a crisis if it fails, and is more likely to return to function (or be replaced) more quickly once the crisis has passed.

IntegratedBeing integrated means that individuals, groups, organizations and other entities have the ability to bring together disparate thoughts and elements into cohesive solutions and actions. Integration involves the sharing of information across entities, the collaborative development of ideas and solutions, and transparent communication with people and entities that are involved or aff ected. It also refers to the coordination of people groups and activities. Again, this requires the presence of feedback loops.

AdaptiveThe fi nal defi ning characteristic of resilience is being adaptive: the capacity to adjust to changing circumstances

5 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESILIENCY5 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESILIENCY

during a disruption by developing new plans, taking new actions, or modifying behaviors so that you are better able to withstand and recover from a disruption, particularly when it is not possible or wise to go back to the way things were before. Adaptability also suggests fl exibility, the ability to apply existing resources to new purposes or for one thing to take on multiple roles.

From the Rockefeller Foundation

AWARE

DIVERSE

SELF-REGULATING

INTEGRATED

ADAPTIVE

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1. Standing Seam AluminumThe east and west faces of each building are clad with light-gray standing seam aluminum for both durability in wind and water events and refl ectivity against the summer sun. This cladding wraps around the building, resulting in a very low glazed-to-opaque ratio (example shown is 8%).

2. Fiber Cement Board RainscreenThe southern face is clad with a higher ratio of opaque material to reduce solar gain during the summer. The cladding here is a light tone of fi ber cement board, fi nished to resemble wood, for both durability and wind and water events and refl ectivity against the summer sun. Its installation as a rainscreen separates the material from the building itself, reducing thermal bridging between the exterior and the interior.

3. Double-Insulated GlassDouble-insulated glass saves energy on conditiong.

4. Opaque DoorAn opaque door controls solar gains.

5. LouversHorizontal louvers protect the glazing on the south face from solar gains.

6. Cross VentillationCross ventillation naturally cools and circulates air thorughout each building, both in plan and section.

7. Continuous InsulationContinuous insulation wraps around the entire building beneath the standing seam aluminum cladding.

8. Rock Infi ltration PitRock infi ltration pits slow the runoff from the building roofs, preventing erosion. Additionally, they capture and contain debris before it might wash into the wetlands.

9. Stack Eff ectA window in the loft allows hot air from the rest of the building to escape on days when the humidity level permits.

10. Porous Pavers (Not Shown)Porous pavers reduce the surface area of pavement and therefore prevent erosion.

SUSTAINABLESTRATEGIESSUSTAINABLESTRATEGIES

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HERS INDEXHERS INDEX

5756 TWO STORY

SCHEME

53 THREE STORYSCHEME

ONE STORYSCHEME

44% more energy efficient than a standard new home.



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THREE STORYSCHEME

ONE STORYSCHEME

MECHANICALSYSTEMSMECHANICALSYSTEMS

HVACBecause each building is continuous in section, and conditioned air can pour from fl oor to fl oor, a mini-split system would be ineffi cient. And although radiant conditioning would couple well with slab fl oors, electric water heating is also very ineffi cient. Therefore, we is also very ineffi cient. Therefore, we chose a centralized system mediated chose a centralized system mediated by means of an air-sourced heat by means of an air-sourced heat pump. A two-speed or variable-speed pump. A two-speed or variable-speed compressor can be incorporated for compressor can be incorporated for more zoning control, and therefore more zoning control, and therefore more effi ciency.more effi ciency.

Water HeatingWater HeatingHeating water with electricity is more Heating water with electricity is more ineffi cient than with natural gas, but ineffi cient than with natural gas, but natural gas is not readily available on natural gas is not readily available on the site. Rather than bringing in gas the site. Rather than bringing in gas tanks, which is unsustainable long-term, tanks, which is unsustainable long-term, we will use the electricity produced we will use the electricity produced on-site to heat water electrically. The on-site to heat water electrically. The temperature will be mediated by means temperature will be mediated by means of an air-sourced heat pump.of an air-sourced heat pump.

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Total 107,712 kWh per Year

Total 127,116 kWh per Year

ENERGY USE+ GENERATIONENERGY USE+ GENERATION

Three Story SchemeAnnual Electrical Use

12,327 kWhx 5 units = 61,635 kWh

Two Story SchemeAnnual Electrical Use

11,475 kWhx 4 units = 45,902 kWh

One Story SchemeAnnual Electrical Use

9,789 kWhx 2 units = 19,579 kWh

Annual Energy Use

Wind TurbinesAnnual Electrical Generation

2 turbines26,183 kWh

PhotovoltaicsAnnual Electrical Generation

272 panels81,529 kWh

Annual Energy Generation

MEETS 85% OFANNUAL ENERGYNEEDS

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MEETS 85% OFANNUAL ENERGYNEEDS

Electrical Use for Lighting

Electrical Use for HVAC

Electrical Use for Water Heating

Electrical Use for Applicances

Electrical Use forMiscellaneous Personal Needs

Electrical Savingscompared to an average household

of comparable size

ThreeStoryScheme

TwoStoryScheme

OneStoryScheme

3390 kWh

3045 kWh

1416 kWh

2825 kWh

1650 kWh

2812 kWh

2773 kWh

1416 kWh

2825 kWh

1650 kWh

2398 kWh

1500 kWh

1416 kWh

2825 kWh

1650 kWh

9489 kWh$1,044

-567 kWh-$62.37

1119 kWh$123

Annual Household Summary

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First FloorLiving

KitchenStairway

MechanicalWater Closet

Screened PorchUnscreened Porch

Second FloorHallway

End BedroomCentral Bedroom

StairwayWater Closet

Third FloorHallway



LoftStudy / Work Space

Stairway

Total

Area(sqft)

RequiredLumens

AnnualElectric Use(LED) (kWh)

53314358614117781

1281091225850

1281091225850

28929

2,292

Three Story Scheme

ENERGY USE:LIGHTINGENERGY USE:LIGHTING

AnnualElectric Cost(CFL)

19,7216,5782902,8061,1486,5492,997

6403,0523,4162901,400

3603,1083,4162901,400

10,693145

68,299

7442488316583248165

831651658383

831651658383

41483

3,390

$81.87$27.29$9.10$18.19$9.10$27.29$18.19

$9.10$18.19$18.19$9.10$9.10

$9.10$18.19$18.19$9.10$9.10

$45.48$9.10

$372.94

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First FloorLiving

KitchenStairway

MechanicalWater Closet

Screened PorchUnscreened Porch

Second FloorHallway



LoftStudy / Work Space

Stairway

Total

Area(sqft)

RequiredLumens


53314358614117781

1281091225850

28929

1,879

Two Story Scheme


19,7216,5782902,8061,1486,5492,997

6403,0523,4162901,400

10,693145

59,725

7442488316583248165

831651658383

41483

2,812

$81.87$27.29$9.10$18.19$9.10$27.29$18.19

$9.10$18.19$18.19$9.10$9.10

$45.48$9.10

$309.27

LivingKitchen

MechanicalBedroom 1Bedroom 2

Water ClosetScreened Porch

Unscreened Porch

Total

Area(sqft)

RequiredLumens


5591466411010557308224

1,573

One Story Scheme


20,6836,7162,9443,0802,9401,59614,1688,288

60,415

74424816516516583496331

2,398

$81.87$27.29$18.19$18.19$18.19$9.10$54.58$36.38

$263.79

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MonthlyTemperatureChange (F)

MonthlyElectric Use(kWh)

ENERGY USE:HVACENERGY USE:HVAC

JanuaryFebruary

MarchAprilMayJuneJuly

AugustSeptember

OctoberNovemberDecember

Annual Total

MonthlyElectric Cost

-26.5-24.5-18.5-10-25.598.54-6-14.4-22.5

Three Story Scheme2 Ton, 13 SEER Heat Pump, R-410A Refrigerant

Goodman GSZ130241

27125118910220.536159155826361147230

3,045

$29.82$27.57$20.82$11.25$2.25$39.72$65.00$61.39$28.89$6.75$16.21$25.32

$335.00



JanuaryFebruary


AugustSeptember


Annual Total


-26.5-24.5-18.5-10-25.598.54-6-14.4-22.5

Two Story Scheme2 Ton, 13 SEER Heat Pump, R-410A Refrigerant

Goodman GSZ130241

21720115181.816.435758555226049118184

2,773

$23.86$22.06$16.66$9.00$1.80$39.31$64.33$60.76$28.59$5.40$12.96$20.26

$305.00

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JanuaryFebruary


AugustSeptember


Annual Total


-26.5-24.5-18.5-10-25.598.54-6-14.4-22.5

One Story Scheme2 Ton, 13 SEER Heat Pump, R-410A Refrigerant

Goodman GSZ130241

11210478.442.48.48198324306144256195

1,500

$12.36$11.42$8.63$4.66$0.93$21.80$35.67$33.69$15.85$2.80$6.71$10.49

$165.00

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ENERGY USE:HPPLIANCESENERGY USE:APPLIANCES

Annual Electric Use(kWh)

AnnualElectric Cost

Clothes DryerClothes Washer (Front Loading)

DishwasherRange

RefrigeratorTelevision

Garbage DisposalMicrowave Oven

Coff ee MakerSlow Cooker

Toaster OvenBlender

Waffl e IronVacuum Cleaner

2 x Ceiling Fan8 x Clock

Clothes IronHair Dryer

Total

60810921474915055.415.991.311014416463.91376329.26839.115

2,825

Three Story Scheme

$66.88$11.99$23.54$82.36$16.50$6.09$1.75$10.04$12.05$15.84$18.08$7.03$15.07$6.89$6.43$59.84$4.30$1.65

$366.34

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AnnualElectric Cost


DishwasherRange




Toaster OvenBlender




Total

60810921474915055.415.991.311014416463.91376329.26839.115

2,825

Two Story Scheme

$66.88$11.99$23.54$82.36$16.50$6.09$1.75$10.04$12.05$15.84$18.08$7.03$15.07$6.89$6.43$59.84$4.30$1.65

$366.34

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AnnualElectric Cost


DishwasherRange




Toaster OvenBlender




Total

60810921474915055.415.991.311014416463.91376329.26839.115

2,825

One Story Scheme

$66.88$11.99$23.54$82.36$16.50$6.09$1.75$10.04$12.05$15.84$18.08$7.03$15.07$6.89$6.43$59.84$4.30$1.65

$366.34

87

ENERGY USE:WATERHEATING

ENERGY USE:WATERHEATING


AnnualElectric Cost

Three Story Scheme

Two Story Scheme

One Story Scheme

1,416

1,416

1,416

$155.76

$155.76

$155.76

Bradfordwhite Aerotherm Heatpump80 gallon

89

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S

90

1

3

4

5

2

91

1. Wind DiversionEach building has a vertical face that is more vulnerable to wind loads. The buildings have been arranged such that these vertical faces are facing one another, rather than being exposed directly to strong winds. The sloped faces divert the wind up and away from these vulnerable points.

2. Aluminum LouversAluminum louvers have been placed on both the northern and southern glazing not just for solar control, but also to protect the glass from debris during wind events. The louvers have been concentrated on faces consisting of large, irregularly shaped glass that would be diffi cult or expensive to repair or replace.

3. ElevationEach building has been elevated to 3.5’ above sea level rather than the required 2’ (land is already at Base Flood Elevation. Dare County freeboard requirements and IBC regulations for the Coastal A Flood Zone add 2’ together). The extra 1.5’ accommodates the maximum predicted sea level rise over the next 80 years.

4. Tree DistancePine trees in this region tend to break off at the boughs rather than splitting in the middle, so the critical distance of trees from each building is a factor of the tree canopy, which averages 10’ in diameter. Our buildings have been set back from the trees to accommodate this distance.

5. Water SheddingThe exterior cladding is made of durable and steeply-sloped standing seam aluminum in order to shed water quickly, minimizing the risk of leakage. The aluminum’s durability is an extra protective measure against damage from debris, which could also lead to leakage.

HAZARDMITIGATIONSTRATEGIES

HAZARDMITIGATIONSTRATEGIES

92

Most Threatening Natural Hazards:FloodingHurricaneNor’eastersCoastal Erosion

Consequences:Loss of electrical powerFailure of the water distribution systemSeverance of roadway networkCreation of new ocean inletNecessity of mass care and feeding operationsEvacuation of people from the countyMass causalityLoss of continuity of government

DARE COUNTYHAZARDSDARE COUNTYHAZARDS

“The built environment however is not as resilient and does not possess these recuperative capabilities. In natural disasters changes and losses occur when human activity in the form of buildings, infrastructure, agriculture and other land uses are located in the path of the destructive forces of nature. Communities impacted by natural hazards often recover over a long period of time and at great social and economic cost. “

-Dare County Hazards Mitigation Plan, 2010

FloodingThe site is located in Flood Zone A, AE in which the base fl oodplain (100 Year Flood) is where the base fl ood elevations are provided.

Flooding Source

Stillwater Elevations

Base Flood Elevation

(Feet)

Atlantic Ocean/

Roanoke Sound

Atlantic Ocean /

Pamlico Sound /

Croatan Sound

Location

10-year

50-year

100-year

500-year

Roanoke

Island

Mainland

7.4 8.9 9.2 10.8

4.8 6.8 7.3 8.2

11-12

9-11

10

7-9

Dare County Flood Insurance Study, 1993

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96

1 Contracts, Document Review and Revision 28 days

2 Bidding and Contracts 25 days

3 Review Bids, Grading and Building Permits 22 days

4 Land Development, Clearing, Install Construction Entrance 22 days

5 Strip Top Soil, Excavation for Foundation 7 days

6 Foundation, Layout Footing, Inspections, Pouring 40 days

7 Certifi cation of Foundation

8 Delivery and Waterproofi ng of Staging Areas 3 days

9 Concrete Slab Work 35 days

10 Rough Carpentry 55 days

Tree Felling TechniquesTree Felling technique for minimum

impact on surrounding trees.

Removing Roots Removing roots and clearing the site.

Leveling Bring in soil and leveling

26’ R

oot R

adiu

s

26’ R

oot R

adiu

s

35’ B

uild

ing

Wid

th

35’ B

uild

ing

Wid

th

30’ S

etba

ck

Supp

ly R

oadWet

land

s

Exis

ting

Road

Exis

ting

Woo

dlan

ds

Site Clearing

97

11 Termite Treatment 2 days

12 HVAC and Other Mechanical Installation 33 days

13 Plumbing 25 days

14 Electric 25 days

15 Alarms, Television and Audio Visual Installation22 days

16 Exterior Insulation, Finishing 40 days

17 Drywall 36 days

18 Floor Finishing, Painting, Exterior Landscaping 36 days

19 Cleaning, Adding Shrubs and Additional Final Features 22 days

10’ C

anop

y +

8’ B

ikep

ath

35’

Build

ing

35’ B

uild

ing

Wid

th

30’ S

etba

ck

Wet

land

s

10’

Cano

py

Exis

ting

Road

TOTAL DAYS:477

TOTAL YEARS:1.34

Site Re-Planting

98

Current Site

Existing Forest

99

Construction Phase

Existing Forest

Cleared Forest

Trailers

100

Post-Construction Phase

Existing Forest

Re-Planted Local Trees

Re-Planted Local Shrubs

101

Post-Construction Boardwalk Section

105

RE

FE

RE

NC

ES

106

“2012 International Building Code: A Compilation of Flood Resistant Provisions, Prepared by FEMA.” FEMA. <http://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1816-25045-8053/2012_i_code_fl oodprovisions.pdf>.

“ACA, Leeper Studio Complex.” Charles Rose Architects. Web. <http://www.charlesrosearchitects.com/projects/aca-leeper/>.

“Air-Source Heat Pumps.” Energy.gov. Web. <http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/air-source-heat-pumps>.

“Allandale House / William O’Brien Jr.” ArchDaily. Web. <http://www.archdaily.com/58210/allandale-house-william-obrien-jr/>.

“Cost of Water.” Cost of Water. Web. <https://www.fcwa.org/story_of_water/html/costs.htm>.Web. <https://www.b4ubuild.com/resources/schedule/6kproj.shtml>.

“Ductless Mini Split Air Conditioner Estimator.” Ductless Mini Split Air Conditioner Estimator. Web. <http://www.mini-split.com/mini-split.php>.

“Hazard Mitigation Plan.” Dare County, North Carolina. Web. <http://www.darenc.com/emgymgmt/docs/HMGP.pdf>.

“Heat & Cool Effi ciently.” : ENERGY STAR. Web.. <http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=heat_cool.pr_hvac>.

“Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigerating (HVAC&R) Engineering.” Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigerating (HVAC&R) Engineering. Web. <http://www.wbdg.org/design/dd_hvaceng.php>.

“Heat Pump Systems.” Energy.gov. Web. <http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/heat-pump-systems>.

“Hoopers Island Residence / David Jameson Architect.” ArchDaily. Web. <http://www.archdaily.com/101947/hoopers-island-residence-david-jameson-architect/>.

“How to Use This Site.” Small Wind Certifi cation. Web. <http://smallwindcertifi cation.org/>.

“LED Lighting Requirement Calculator - Charlston Lights.” Charlston. Web. <http://www.charlstonlights.com/led-light-requirement-calculator>.

“Loblolly House.” KieranTimberlake. Web. <http://www.kierantimberlake.com/pages/view/20/loblolly-house/parent:3>.

“The Matchbox House / Bureau for Architecture and Urbanism.” ArchDaily. Web. <http://www.archdaily.com/285559/the-matchbox-house-bureau-for-architecture-and-urbanism/>.

“Photovoltaic Software.” Photovoltaic and Thermal Software : Solar Energy Calculator, Best PV Software, Solar Hot Water Heating. Web. <http://www.photovoltaic-software.com>.

“Quick Reference Guide: Comparison of Select NFIP & Building Code Requirements for Special Flood Hazard Areas (2012).” FEMA. Web. <https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/25986>.

“Residential Energy Effi ciency.” International Code Council. Web. <http://publicecodes.cyberregs.com/icod/iecc/2012/icod_iecc_2012_re4_sec002.htm>.

“SHOP ALL PRODUCTS.” SolarWorld 315 Watt Solar Panel, Sunmodule SW315 Mono. Web. <http://www.altestore.com/store/Solar-Panels/SolarWorld-315-Watt-Solar-Panel-Sunmodule-SW315-Mono/p11463/?gclid=CK-q7P6ojcUCFaRi7AodzjQARw>.

“Small Wind Guidebook.” Small Wind Guidebook. Web. <http://en.openei.org/wiki/Small_Wind_Guidebook>.

“Solar Calculator.” Solar Calculator. Web. <http://www.wunderground.com/calculators/solar.html>.

“Suniva Solar Panels – We Found 24 Products.” Suniva Solar Panels – We Found 24 Products. Web. <http://www.civicsolar.com/suniva-solar>.

107

“U.S. Energy Information Administration - EIA - Independent Statistics and Analysis.” Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS). Web. <http://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/index.cfm>.

“U.S. Per Capita Electricity Use By State In 2010.” U.S. Per Capita Electricity Use By State In 2010. Web. <http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/electricity/us_per_capita_electricity-2010.html>.

“Wind Energy Basics.” Wind Energy Basics. Web. <http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/>.

“Wind Program: WINDExchange.” Wind Program: WINDExchange. Web. <http://apps2.eere.energy.gov/wind/windexchange/>.

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lofted final report

Documents