location matters -...
TRANSCRIPT
Location Matters:
Phil Bresnahan, Rusty Holleman, Zephyr Sylvester, Emily Novick, Maureen Downing-Kunz, David Senn
Oxygen Variability Across Space and Time
Outline
Why does dissolved oxygen matter?
What are the principle drivers?
How can we untangle them?
Why should we care?
Drivers of variability in DOHumans
Nutrients
Plankton
Drivers of variability in DOHumans
Nutrients
Plankton
Detritus
Oxygen
Fish
Why should we care?
CH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O
Why should we care?
CH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O← Photosynthesis
dominates
Why should we care?
CH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O
Respiration →dominates
Why should we care?The SF Bay food web depends on DO
We can directly influence DOWe need to know how much is natural vs…?
Wray Gabel, SF Bay Bird Observatory
Wray Gabel, SF Bay Bird Observatory
Constraining variability allows us to estimate rates,slough-to-basin scale budgets, and habitat quality
and the effects of nutrient loads
The Drivers Of Change
Drivers of variability in DO
Interfaces: air–water
sediment–water
Production vs. Respiration:Phytoplankton/zooplankton/nekton/detritus/bacteria
Connections:ponds
marshesbay
oceanland
Drivers of variability in DO
Lower DO
Higher DO
Drivers of variability in DOAir–sea exchange
Water column production/respiration
Sediment oxygen demand
Lower DO
Higher DO
Drivers of variability in DO
Lower DO
Higher DO
Air–sea exchange
Water column production/respiration
Sediment oxygen demand
Drivers of variability in DO
Lower DO
Higher DO
Air–sea exchange
Water column production/respiration
Sediment oxygen demand
Studying the DIMENSIONS
of variability will provide critical insight
into the DRIVERS of
variability
Disentangling Variability
Disentangling Variability
VerticalCross-channelAlong-channel
Inter-siteTemporal
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The LSB Network
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The LSB Network
Deep Subtidal Biweekly-Monthly sampling
USGS
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The LSB Network
Deep Subtidal Biweekly-Monthly sampling
USGS USGS
High-frequency measurements – Dumbarton
Deep Subtidal Biweekly-Monthly sampling High-frequency measurements – Dumbarton
USGS USGS
The LSB NetworkVertical
Cross-channelAlong-channel
Inter-siteTemporal
????
The LSB Network: DO (mg/L)
The LSB Network: DO (mg/L)
The LSB Network: DO (mg/L)
The LSB Network: DO (mg/L)
VerticalCross-channelAlong-channel
Inter-siteTemporal
???
DO
conc
entr
atio
n (m
g/L)
Duration (hours)0.5 1 2 4 8 12 24
< 1
< 2
< 3
< 4
< 5
What do aquatic organisms experience in LSB habitats?
DO
conc
entr
atio
n (m
g/L)
Duration (hours)0.5 1 2 4 8 12 24
< 1
< 2
< 3
< 4
< 5
What do aquatic organisms experience in LSB habitats?
BETTER
DO
conc
entr
atio
n (m
g/L)
Duration (hours)0.5 1 2 4 8 12 24
< 1
< 2
< 3
< 4
< 5
What do aquatic organisms experience in LSB habitats?
BETTER WORSE
WORSE
DO
conc
entr
atio
n (m
g/L)
Duration (hours)0.5 1 2 4 8 12 24
< 1
< 2
< 3
< 4
< 5
What do aquatic organisms experience in LSB habitats?
BETTER
EVEN WORSE
WORSE
WORSE
DO
conc
entr
atio
n (m
g/L)
Duration (hours)0.5 1 2 4 8 12 24
< 1
< 2
< 3
< 4
< 5
What do aquatic organisms experience in LSB habitats?
BETTER
EVEN WORSE
WORSE
WORSE
Species dependent!
DO
conc
entr
atio
n (m
g/L)
Duration (hours)0.5 1 2 4 8 12 24
< 1
< 2
< 3
< 4
< 5
Newark Slough
08 06
DO
conc
entr
atio
n (m
g/L)
Duration (hours)0.5 1 2 4 8 12 24
< 1
< 2
< 3
< 4
< 5
Alviso Slough
DO
conc
entr
atio
n (m
g/L)
Duration (hours)0.5 1 2 4 8 12 24
< 1
< 2
< 3
< 4
< 5
Guadalupe Slough
Species dependentresponses!
Measurements in all dimensions
VerticalCross-channelAlong-channel
Inter-siteTemporal
???
ooring location:ransect location:
Velocity
Dissolved oxygen
Multi-probe: T, sal, DO, chlturb, depth
Velocity
Dissolved oxygen
Multi-probe: T, sal, DO, chlturb, depth
Temporal Vertical Variability
Temporal Vertical Variability
Putting it all together2016-08-27 01:00:00
75
60
45
30
DO
conc
entr
atio
n (m
g/L)
Duration (hours)0.5 1 3 6 12 24 >24
< 1
< 2
< 3
< 4
< 5
Alviso Slough, 50 cmab
Alviso Slough
Surface
50 cmab
5 cmab
Preliminary ConclusionsVertical
Cross-channelAlong-channel
Inter-siteTemporal
Preliminary Conclusions
To determine LSB biogeochemical variability, we need inter-site, vertically resolved time-series
The variability we’ve constrained allows us to estimate rates and slough-to-basin scale budgets and 4-D habitat quality
VerticalCross-channelAlong-channel
Inter-siteTemporal
Thanks!USGS Sacramento:Kurt WeidichDarin EinhellMaureen Downing-KunzDave SchoellhamerDaniel Livsey
NMS FundingSFEI TeammatesJen Hunt, Phil Trowbridge, Ila Shimabuku, SFEI Environmental Informatics
San José-Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility:
Eric DunlaveyBryan Frueh
Integral Consulting and Leviathan Consulting:
Frank SpadaKara ScheuCraig Jones
Steve LaMothe
Alviso Slough
Velocity
Dissolved oxygen
Multi-probe: T, sal, DO, chlturb, depth
Along-Slough: Alviso
Start (Mouth) Pond A8 End (Alviso)
00 • • • -
• • • • • • 05 •
• • • • • • •
- 10 • • E • • - • &. -Q. Cl • 0 15
•
• 20 •
4000 .3000 2000 1000 0 Distance downlilrtam (mJ
Vertical/Along-Slough Variability
.s a. Ql 0 1.5
2.0
2 .5 7000
0.0
0.5
1.0 § .<:! .... a. Ql 0 1.5
2.0
2.5
6000
6000
90
5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Distance downstream (mJ
Mid Flood OS
8C .•
,.,
/U
li~ . . .. 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0
Dista nee downstream (mJ
Vertical/Along-Slough Variability
VerticalCross-channelAlong-channel
Inter-siteTemporal
?
What causes inter-site and temporal variability?
What causes inter-site and temporal variability?
Newark
Open Bay is well mixed, well aeratedMarshes and sediments (mud) are
net heterotrophic
What causes inter-site and temporal variability?
Newark
And then there’s Alviso…
And then there’s Alviso…Newark Alviso
Drivers of variability in DOInterfaces:
air–watersediment–water
Production vs. Respiration:
Phytoplankton/zooplankton/ nekton/detritus/bacteria
Connections:ponds
marshesbay
oceanland
Dimensions
VerticalLateral (cross-channel)
Longitudinal (along channel)
TemporalInter-site
VerticalLateral (cross-channel)
Longitudinal (along channel)
TemporalInter-site
Interfaces: air–water
sediment–water
Production vs. Respiration:
Phytoplankton/zooplankton/ nekton/detritus/bacteria
Connections:ponds
marshesbay
oceanland
IT’S COMPLICATED
Drivers of variability in DODimensions
We then passed this data through some existing suggested criteria from other regions (knowing that the indicator species may not be most appropriate for SFB):
--EPA (2000): for Virginia Province
--Sutula (2012): all of CA, except SFB
--Bailey (2014): Suisun Marsh, in SFB
Guadalupe
Would violate EPA (2000) criteria for short-term exposures (>24 hrs)
Would violate Sutula(2012) and Bailey (2014) juvenile/adult survivialcriteria
< 1
< 2
< 3
< 4
< 5
Duration (h )
Would violate growth criteria fromEPA (2000), Sutula (2012) and Bailey and Sutula (2014)
Windows <XTotalWindows
Frequency
• > 0 0
• • ·-
08 06 OA
02 00
San Mateo Dumbarton
Newark Mowry
Coyote Alviso
- Relevant species for Lower South Bay?
- DO chronic data for those species?
Guadalupe