local scale variation - association of applied … · local scale variation lag sampling in the...

Local Scale Variation

Lag sampling in theCobar Area

NSW, Australia

Mark Arundell

Arundell GeoscienceRex Berthelsen

Wheaton River (Australasia) Pty Ltd

Arundell & Berthelsen IGES 2005 2

Local Scale Variations

Structural Geology (D. Thomas, CAMECO)Scale independenceMicro = Macro

Does geochemical data behave like this?An orebody is a local scale variation in geochemical dataAre regional interpretations appropriate?


Local Scale Variation

Intro. to Cobar Geology Cobar LagCobar RABDeeper Drilling - RC percussionLessonsConclusions


%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

ÊÚPERTH

DARWIN

MELBOURNE

CANBERRA

SYDNEY

BRISBANE

HOBART

COBAR

Geoscience Australia gravity


Cobar Mineral Field

Au : 3.5Moz (prr)

Cu : >0.6Mt (p)

Pb & Zn : 2.5Mt & 4.2Mt (prr)

Major deposits (pre-mining resources)Peak : 5.2Mt @ 9.1g/t AuCSA : 48Mt @ 3.1%Cu, 0.3%Pb, 1.1%Zn, 18g/t Ag

Elura : 42Mt @ 5.4%Pb, 8.6%Zn, 18g/t Ag


after Glen, 1987; 1994

CobarRegionalGeology


NewOccidental

ChesneyNew Cobar

Gladstone

Great Cobar

U. Amphitheatre GroupAlley Ck Sandstone MemberCSA Siltstone

Cobar Basin

Great Cobar Slate

Chesney Formation -including Transition Unit

Girilambone GroupBasement

Copper MineGold Mine

6 510 000 N

6 505 000 N

6 515 000 N

390

000

E

395

000

E

N

To NynganTo Broken Hill

Myrt Syncline

Dapville

Perseverance

Young Australia

Rookery Fault

Mineralised Fault

Peak

Great C

hesney Fault

Peak Shear

Chesney-Narri Anticline

after Stegman & Pocock, 1995

Cobar GoldfieldGeology


Cobar 1985

New OccNew CobarPeakChesney


Oxidised zone of the New Cobar deposit, NSW

Cobar

McQueen, 2005


A quartz lag

B lithic lag

D ferruginousmag. lag

C ferruginousnon maglag

Example of lag types from the Cobar regionAfter McQueen, 2005


Cobar - Eastern Australia

Rock lag (“deflationary”) sampling completed over entire tenement package -~7,000 samplesDepositional areas avoidedInitial analysis of background


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Feper(log)20 30 40

Asp

pm(lo

g)2

03

04

05

0

Feper(log)20 30 40

Aup

pb(lo

g)2

46

Feper(log)20 30 40

Bip

pm(lo

g)1

02

0

Feper(log)20 30 40

Cdp

pm(lo

g)0

.51

1.5

Feper(log)20 30 40

Cop

pm N

o D

ata(

log)

0.5

11

.5

Feper(log)20 30 40

Cup

pm(lo

g)5

01

00

Feper(log)20 30 40

Mnp

pm(lo

g)1

001

502

00

Feper(log)20 30 40

Mop

pm(lo

g)1

1.5

2

Feper(log)20 30 40

Nip

pm N

o D

ata(

log)

0.5

11

.5

Feper(log)20 30 40

Pbp

pm(lo

g)2

04

06

08

01

00

Feper(log)20 30 40

Sbp

pm(lo

g)5

10

15

Feper(log)20 30 40

Wpp

m N

o D

ata(

log)

0.5

11

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Feper(log)20 30 40

Znpp

m(lo

g)5

01

00

Fe with …1. As, Bi, Pb, (Mn)2. As, Bi, Sb, (Mn)3. Bi, Cd, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sb

8.2a 8.2b

8.2c

- Link by Easting- Correlations are….


Lessons

Background samples : non mineralisedCorrelations different for different areasRatios will be inappropriate - in some areasAnalyse each area separately ORRegional interpretation (eg. leveling) need to be acutely aware of and account for these local scale effects


RAB drilling

RAB drilling - point sampling“Deep soil” rather than primary bedrock -upper saprolite (2-3m)Again background analysisCorrelations different in different areas and different to lag


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g)0.

20.

4

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m(lo

g)10

2030

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b(lo

g)1

2

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m(lo

g)0.

40.

60.

8

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Cop

pm(lo

g)10

20

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Cup

pm(lo

g)50

100

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Mnp

pm(lo

g)20

040

0

Feper(log)5 10

Pbpp

m(lo

g)50

100

Feper(log)5 10

Sbpp

m(lo

g)2

46

8

Feper(log)5 10

Wpp

m(lo

g)2

46

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Znpp

m(lo

g)50

100

150

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40.

60.

8

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

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pm(lo

g)20

40

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Aup

pb(lo

g)0.

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31

310

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Bip

pm(lo

g)0.

51

1.5

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

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pm(lo

g)1

310

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Cup

pm(lo

g)3

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100

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Mnp

pm N

o D

ata(

log)

0.5

11.

5

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Pbp

pm(lo

g)50

100

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

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pm(lo

g)5

1015

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Wpp

m(lo

g)5

10

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Znpp

m(lo

g)50

100

150

200

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Agp

pm(lo

g)0.

20.

4

Feper(log)10 20

Asp

pm(lo

g)1

310

30

Feper(log)10 20

Aup

pb(lo

g)0.

11

10

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pm(lo

g)0.

51

1.5

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pm(lo

g)2

46

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Cup

pm(lo

g)50

100

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pm(lo

g)10

020

030

0

Feper(log)10 20

Pbp

pm(lo

g)20

4060

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Sbp

pm(lo

g)5

10

Feper(log)10 20

Wpp

m(lo

g)2

46

Feper(log)10 20

Znpp

m(lo

g)10

2030

40

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Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Agp

pm(lo

g)0.

20.

4

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Asp

pm(lo

g)3

1030

100

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Aup

pb(lo

g)0.

10.

31

310

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Bip

pm(lo

g)1

2

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Cop

pm(lo

g)1

310

3010

0

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Cup

pm(lo

g)50

100

150

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Mnp

pm(lo

g)10

010

0010

000

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Pbp

pm(lo

g)10

3010

030

010

00

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Sbp

pm(lo

g)5

1015

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Wpp

m(lo

g)2

46

8

Feper(log)2 4 6 8

Znpp

m(lo

g)10

020

0


RAB Samples

Fe with …1. As, Co, Zn2. 3. As, Bi, Pb, Sb4. As, Cu, Mn

Correlations with Mn are not as widespread as for Lag samples


New Cobar Open cut (2001)




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Lag samples -Resolution

Peak Gold Mine

100m


Resolution Lag samples

Link by EastFe -> As, Bi, Pb, Sb, W

Co -> part Fe

Also Cu, Mn, ZnMn correlation in PARTSame SMALL grid has strong Fe and Mnspatially separate

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Resolution Lag samples



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8 010

0

Feper(log)10 20 30

Mnp

pm(lo

g )10

020

030

0 400

Feper(log)10 20 30

Mop

pm(lo

g)1

23

Feper(log)10 20 30

Nip

pmNo

D ata

(log)

0.5

11.

5

Feper(log)10 20 30

Pbpp

m( lo

g)10

02 0

0

Feper(log)10 20 30

Sbpp

m( lo

g)1 0

2 0

Feper(log)10 20 30

Snpp

mNo

D ata

(log)

0.5

11.

5

Feper(log)10 20 30

Wpp

m(lo

g)1

23

Feper(log)10 20 30

Znpp

m(l o

g)50

1 00

150


Lessons

Correlations different for different areas and different sampling mediaLag showed strong Mn correlation, RAB Fe correlations - LOCALLY!!!Not all elements!Analyse each media and each area separately OR regional interpretation must account for these local scale effects


Resolution Prospect

Was depletion present?RAB refusal / textured rock - 5mUpper saprolite - pinkIs this a good geochemical sample?


Resolution - Section 4800N

50m

LHS : Mn,Fe, Zn, Pb RHS : Au

Au 0.06ppmFeAu 0.16ppm

Quartz vein


10m

0 m

50m

RC98RS010 - depleted to 52m;Mn at 54m

HM/GO boundary


Resolution

Oxidised to 40-80mDepletion to 50m (RAB refusal - 5m)Enrichment of Mn, Co, Zn adjacent to background Pb. HM/GO boundaryMinor Au mineralisation above associated with QV and Fe NOT Mn - Au removed?Drill to below Mn layer(s) / HM-GO as minimum


Lessons

RAB refusal MAY not equal good geochemical sample - in some areasInitial drilling to primary rock / sulphide (penetrate 10m?) to determine whether depletion is presentDepth of depletion is a local phenomena in the Cobar area


Conclusions

An orebody is a local scale variation in geochemical data“Subtle” signals may be not so subtle if we view data differentlyRegional scale data analysis is likely to miss “excursion” style anomalismComplex Regolith -> Rejoice in the Local variability - it will hide ore!


New Occidental Open Cut

local scale variation - association of applied … · local scale variation lag sampling in the...

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