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LOCAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN IRAQ

page 1 The Local Area Development Programme in Iraq is financed by the European Union and managed by UNDP –IRAQ. The specific contract is implemented by Consortium of PLANET SA (Greece) and Stars Orbit Consultants (Iraq)

REPORT ON

IMPROVEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE

WATER SECTOR IN KRI

3/10/2017

Expert name: Ilias Tarnaras

Position: Water Expert

Assignment: Consultative Services for UNDP Iraq for experts to provide Technical

support to the KRI Ministry of Municipalities and Tourism in the

process of improvement of basic community services

Water Sector



This report on “Improvement Recommendations for the Water Sector on the Kurdistan Region of

Iraq (KRI)” proposes actions to be undertaken by the Ministry of Municipalities and Tourism in the

process of improvement of the water sector.

The report structure provides background information and descriptions of the water sector in the

three governorates in Sections 1 and 2. A SWOT analysis of the water sector is shown in Section 3,

with further mapping and description of the issues. The possible sources of international finance to

support future projects are described in Section 4.

Section 5 proposes a roadmap for improvement of water supply services and treatment with the

objective of enhancing future work by the Ministry. The immediate proposals aim to achieve

improvements in operation and maintenance costs (O&M), reduction in waste and recovery of fees.

The benefit of implementing these recommendations is to demonstrate to potential future

international financing institutional partners that the Ministry recognises the issues, accepts the

challenges and is working towards implementing changes required of a modern and efficient water

related services.



1. Background information on the Water sector in KRI

Very scarce information exists for the production and the consumption of water and hardly any

water production is measured, except in some of the larger schemes in the urban areas. The lack of

metering combined with the relatively low water price leads to an unrestricted and very high

consumption. The general situation is the absolute absence of the appreciation of water as a “good”,

its availability and the cost of production and distribution.

The Kurdistan Region Infrastructure Water Sector Master Plan was carried out by SETEC Engineering

with main task to provide an overview over the situation and estimate requirements to alleviate the

situation in regard to water supply, considering a 20 year horizon, up to 2030. The coverage of the

project was limited to the Governorates of Erbil and Dohuk, excluding the Governorate of

Sulaymaniyah, due to UNDP’s offer to finance a water and sewerage master plan for Sulaymaniyah

region.

Concerning the provision of water services and the relevant projects, the Water Directorates of the

three Governorates operate the water supply networks and are in charge of the service delivery and

the maintenance of the network. On the other hand, the Ministry (Directorate of Water) is in charge

of the planning, design and construction of infrastructure for the management of water resources

and improving water supply.



2. Mapping of the situation in the water sector in KRI

Though the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) is rich on water resources, a large part of the population

has only limited access to continuous supply of potable water. Water supply, in the majority of the

water supply systems, is intermittent and limited to some days per week and particular hours during

the day. In rural parts of the region, water is mostly supplied by water tankers, due to a missing

network or lack of transmission systems. The potable water infrastructure in the urban centres is

significantly better. This is one of the main reasons for the migration to the urban areas.

The main water resources throughout the region include rivers, such as the Tigris, the Great Zab, the

Little Zab, the Khabur, the Sirwan and the Awa Sipi, along with rainfall and groundwater, including

natural springs. In regards to the catchment basins of major rivers, approximately 50% is within the

limits of the region and the rest belongs to the neighbouring countries. The Directorates don’t have

adequate estimates of the groundwater resources.

In most cases, the existing transmission and distribution networks are often in bad condition, leading

to significant losses. In combination with an increased demand on water resources in the future, this

might threaten the relatively abundant water resources. Lack of maintenance and insufficient

storage capacity contribute to the problems of water supply.

According to recent estimate, 95% of the urban households and only 62% of rural households have

access to drinking water through the water supply networks. Nevertheless, an important problem is

that the water supply remains intermittent for much of the day to most consumers. Only 25% of

urban residents and 18% of rural residents report being able to access the general water network for

more than 10 hours each day.

In regards to the water quality, there are treatment plants in operation or under construction only in

the biggest urban centres. Lack of wastewater treatment, uncontrolled waste dumping and

industrial production is a high risk to the quality of the water.

In the following paragraphs, the data collected regarding the planned infrastructure for each

governorate are being presented.

2.1. Erbil Governorate

The General Directorate of Water and Sewerage handed over to the expert the design submission

for the Erbil Water Treatment Plant carried out by the BIWATER. The project consists of the new

Erbil Water Treatment Plant with capacity of 630,000 cubic meters per day and all the related

projects. The study was performed under the "Erbil and Sulaimani Water and Wastewater Project

KRG, Iraq". The study includes mechanical, electrical and civil design for the construction of a plant

with treatment capacity of 630,000 cubic meters per day and all the related projects. The water



expert submitted the overview attached to the technical report of the mission two. The overview

performed by the expert, addressed to the General Directorate of Water and Sewerage, includes

comments on the hydraulic design and the adequacy of the proposed projects.

Other important project for Erbil Governorate is the “Expansion and Completion of the Water

Distribution Network for the city of Koya (Erbil Governorate)”. The objective is to expand the water

supply network design in two areas of the city that today are not supplied from the existing

reservoirs. The completion of the Koya’s water distribution system was selected as the appropriate

project in the Governorate of Erbil, due to the urgency for an important part of the city. The main

issues of the project design were analyzed during the meeting among the expert and the local

engineers. The project consists of individual sub-projects in the Escan, Zanko and Taq Taq Koya

areas. The aim of the project is to adequately meet the water supply needs in the wider area of the

city of Koya.

In the following figures, the main elements of Koya Project are being presented:

Figure 1: Eskan water supply project



Figure 2: Zanko water supply project

Figure 3: Taq – Taq Koya water project



In the following table the estimated cost of the projects included in the “Expansion and Completion

of the Water Distribution Network for the city of Koya (Erbil Governorate)” project are being

presented:

Table 1: Estimated budget of Koya project

Project Name Estimated budget

($)

ZANKO WATER SUPPLY PROJECT ( 1 ) 259.500

Taq taq-Koya WATER SUPPLY PROJECT ( 2 ) 1.147.700

GRDI ARABIAN WATER SUPPLY PROJECT ( 3 ) 106.600

ESKAN WATER SUPPLY PROJECT ( 4 ) 341.600

CONSTRUCTION OF 2 WATER TANKS 10000 m3 each 3.142.820

TOTAL: 4.998.220

2.2. Dohuk Governorate

The main project planned for Dohuk Governorate is the “Water Treatment Plant for the Etot-

Nazarky-Zaweta water project”. The water treatment plant will be built close to the banks of the

lake of Dohuk dam. The intake works and the transfer to existing tanks have not been assessed yet.

The data of the project Etot-Nazarky-Zaweta were analyzed by the local engineers during the

meeting at the Water Directorate of Dohuk. The proposed project consists of:

Water Treatment Plant, located close to the banks of the lake of Dohuk dam

Intake system from the lake

Pumping stations with the required mechanical and electrical equipment transmission pipes

to the reservoirs

The estimated population currently in the areas to be served by this project is about 45,000 persons.

The estimated annual rate of increase in Iraq is 3%.

The information retrieved by the directory of underground water regarding the geological and soil

data of the project area is that the ground is consisted of red clay, marl and marl limestone.

In the following figure a chemical analysis performed on the lake of Dohuk dam is being presented:



Figure 4: Chemical analysis of Dohuk dam lake

2.3. Sulaymaniyah Governorate

The expert was informed about the plans for implementing the “Water Treatment Plant for the

Khalakan and Dokan water project (Sulaymaniyah Governorate)”. The water treatment plant will be

built close to the banks of the river downstream of the Dokan dam.

No data have been disclosed to the expert from the local engineers regarding this project.



3. SWOT analysis

The following SWOT analysis is provided in relation to the Water Sector in KRI.

Table 2: SWOT Analysis for the water sector, KRI

Strengths Weaknesses

1. There is significant infrastructure regarding water distribution.

2. Department of Water in the Ministry of Municipalities and Tourism consists of a sufficient number of experienced engineers with a variety of technical expertise.

3. Establishment of a sovereign wealth fund (Oil & Gas Revenue Fund Law, April 2015)

4. KRI has large oil and gas reserves. 5. Fertile land, young population, central location on

trade routes, entrepreneurial spirit and donor community interested in support.

6. Existing presence in all Governorates

1. Little or no water treatment capacity. 2. Significant technical problems to remote settlements

and to irrigation networks Economic activity is depressed.

3. The banking sector is weak for purposes of investment. 4. Government arrears due to borrowing and salaries has

resulted in bankruptcy of contractors through late payment.

5. Low cost recovery (low tariff rate) and low rate of collection of tariffs for operation and maintenance.

6. Over dependence on the oil sector, with consequent impact caused by low oil price.

7. Excessive role of the public sector in the economy. 8. Loss of revenue transfers from central government.

Opportunities Threats

1. KRI has a better business environment than the rest of Iraq.

2. Tourism potential is good, although improvement in water and wastewater is required.

3. KRI is committed to significant structural reforms to secure fiscal consolidation and achieve sustainable and inclusive growth.

4. Supply side controls for water in terms of water security planning and management, water user associations, and strengthening governance mechanisms.

5. Demand side controls through setting of tariffs to allow cost recovery, and implementation of metering.

6. IFIs are present and willing to support the Water and Sanitation sector

7. Rapidly increasing demand for water and wastewater services

1. Continuing refugee crisis with associated demand for water and wastewater treatment.

2. Refugees have impact on economic activity in driving down wages leaving the resident population with less income to pay for improvement in services.

3. Inflation. 4. High water use per capita in the range 373-400 l/h/d

instead of approximately 162 l/h/d. 5. Continuing low oil prices (c. $50/barrel) further

depressing economic activity. 6. Deteriorating water quality making treatment more

difficult and expensive. 7. Rapidly increasing demand for water and wastewater

services. 8. Water required for hydro-power. 9. Reducing water flows into KRI.

The following is an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats affecting the

water and wastewater sectors in KRI. The negative impacts, namely weaknesses and threats, are

illustrated in the table above.



3.1 Strengths

3.1.1 Although many things have to be done regarding the water sector in KRI, it must be taken

into account that there is significant infrastructure already in place regarding water

distribution.

3.1.2 The water sector is fortunate to have qualified and experienced engineers. Human

resources will play a key part in the development of the water sector working alongside

international partners.

3.1.3 Establishment of a sovereign wealth fund (Oil & Gas Revenue Fund Law, April 2015)

3.1.4 KRI has large oil and gas reserves, which can help establishing a sound funding process of

new projects.

3.1.5 KRI has fertile land, young population, central location on trade routes, entrepreneurial

spirit and donor community interested in support.

3.1.6 The Water and Sewerage Directorates have a presence in all three governorates. Therefore,

substantial local knowledge should exist already and there is the opportunity to create

contacts and networks with key stakeholders, including electricity suppliers and

environment directorates.

3.2 Opportunities

3.2.1 KRI has a better business environment than the rest of Iraq, although there has been a clear

deterioration in the last four years.

3.2.2 Tourism is developed, mainly in mountainous areas, although there is lack of water supply

infrastructure.

3.2.3 The KRI has stated its policy to undertake significant structural reforms to secure fiscal

consolidation and achieve sustainable and inclusive growth1. While this report focuses on

technical requirements for the water and wastewater sector, the structural reforms are vital

in order to gain the confidence of international financial institutions (IFIs) in order to access

funding.

3.2.4 The IFIs are obliged and mandated to support key development sectors including water and

wastewater. However, IFIs must adhere to their own protocols that require partners to

adopt international standards in terms of technical design and financial management.

Nevertheless, much guidance and support can be obtained from IFIs in furtherance of

development.

3.2.5 The rapidly increasing demand for water services might be considered a threat or weakness.

However, it presents an opportunity to restructure the sector to meet the challenges

identified in the SWOT analysis.

3.2.6 In meeting the challenges of the future the sector can take the opportunity to move towards

tariffs that will influence demand and assist in achieving full cost recovery.

1 Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Reforming the Economy for Shared Prosperity and Protecting the Vulnerable, World Bank/IFC



3.3 Weaknesses

3.3.1 Water treatment plants exist only in large cities, although additional infrastructure is needed

there. The lack of satisfactory water treatment is complete in the villages of the countryside.

3.3.2 Lack of pipelines and water transport systems from dams and other available water sources

to rural areas and mountain settlements is a serious social - economic problem.

3.3.3 The lack of capital to construct new assets let alone maintain existing services is a major

constraint. The KRI is not able to make major investments in water supply systems due to

the lack of accessible capital.

3.3.4 Water use in the KRI is estimated at 373-400 litres per capita per day. This is very high when

compared to median water consumption of middle income countries of 162 litres per capita

per day. This high use is assumed to include non-revenue water, leaks, illegal connections

and wastage. The consequence of such high use is consumption of an ever more scarce raw

water resource, larger and more expensive assets to treat and distribute water and a greater

quantity of wastewater that threatens health and the environment.

Figure 5: Mapping of weaknesses and threats affecting the water sector, KRI



3.3.5 The deterioration of water quality, in part due to inflows to KRI, but also localised pollution.

Reduced water quality will increase the difficulty in treating potable water.

3.3.6 The water sector has a low rate of collection of water fees. In part this is due to customer

lists being out-of-date, and not all legitimate users of water being identified by the water

and wastewater directorates. Furthermore, enforcement of charges is weak, as well as

investigation and enforcement against illegal connections.

3.3.7 The low recovery rate of fees means that operational and maintenance (O&M) costs cannot

be met from internal resources. This because O&M costs are too high, but also because the

tariff rates are too low to pay for the service provided.

3.4 Threats

The threats posed to the water sector are external and cannot be controlled directly by the

organisation. However, an understanding of the threat means appropriate decisions might be taken

that will avoid, mitigate or reduce the risk of the threat.

3.4.1 The crisis continues with both Syrian and IDP refugees creating a demand for water and

wastewater services2. As long as the impact of these can be quantified and included within

master plans and feasibility studies then the risk can be managed. Associated problems of

depressed economic activity and reduced incomes means affordability of services needs to

be considered carefully by considering use of subsidies.

3.4.2 Reduced water flows into KRI pose a grave threat to the environment, and a threat to

sustainability of hydro-generation. The risk can be minimised by careful use of water

resources and avoidance of pollution.

3.4.3 The price of oil continues to remain low ($50-$60/barrel), which reduces the income of the

state and the population in general. It means investment needs cannot be met locally, and

external financing will be required. IFIs exist to meet this need, and methods of access are

described in Section 4.

3.4.4 The banking sector is too weak to provide the capital required for investment in the water

sector. This is a further argument to seeking external financing.

3.4.5 Revenue transfers from Central Government have been interrupted. The immediate impact

is that the deficit in the O&M budget cannot be met. Furthermore, there is no capital

available to pay for ongoing repairs of existing assets. The risk is that uncertainty over

payment will discourage IFIs from lending and supporting projects in KRI. Any improvement

in reducing O&M costs will diminish the risk of lending by IFIs.

3.4.6 Government arrears have resulted in bankruptcy of contractors through late payment. A

future investment programme depends on local contractors being available to implement it.

A plan for development of a supply chain will be required, which should include a

sustainable and financially solvent construction industry.

2 World Bank, (2015), The Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Assessing the Economic and Social Impact of the Syrian Conflict and ISIS.



4. Attracting international financing to support water infrastructure

projects and improve service delivery

4.1 Background

There are several types of financial resources that KRI can rely upon, in order to improve its

infrastructure and service delivery. These include:

Grants provided by multi-lateral and bi-lateral cooperation. Usually grants are provided in

the phase of preparation of an infrastructure or investment project

Loans from Multi-lateral Development Banks (MDBs)

Loans from Development as part of a bilateral cooperation

Donors are international organizations that provide grants to developing countries to support the

achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Multi-lateral Development Banks are financial

institutions that provide loans for national development. Those banks are usually formed by a group

of countries, consisting of both donor and borrowing nations. Furthermore, an MDB offers

additional financial and technical advice regarding development projects. MDBs could provide

combination of loans and grants (e.g. blending financing – financing where grant is provided for

preparation of a project and a loan to implement the project).

The following Banks and Donors are currently providing support to KRI, or have the perspective to

provide such loans to KRI, in implementation of infrastructure projects.

a) Multi-lateral Development Banks and Donors supporting KRI development

The following list is not extensive, but concentrates on the main actors in the area of Official

Development Assistance already working in KRI or having such plans for the near future.

Multi-lateral Development Banks (already working in KRI):

World Bank (WB)

Islamic Development Bank

Multi-lateral Development Banks with perspective to have interventions in KRI:

European Investment Bank (EIB)

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)

b) Bi-lateral Development Banks

German Development Bank (KFW)



French Development Bank (PROPARCO)

c) Donors

European Union – EUROPEAID

USA – USAID

Bi-lateral cooperation with different countries

d) International organizations implementing donor funded projects and programmes:

UN agencies

International NGOs, (e.g. MerciCorps) working in the area of humanitarian support,

helping vulnerable groups, education and community development

The public service delivery improvement relies on improving the available infrastructure and

introduction of more effective models for public service delivery (tariffs, collection of revenues,

privatization etc). In most of the cases funding for infrastructure projects is provided through loans.

The preparation of the projects (feasibility studies, cost-benefit analysis etc) might be provided

through grants

Countries eligible for MDB loans are favoring more expensive, but less conditional, borrowing

options,3 including from bilateral export credit agencies and sovereign bond markets. However,

responses to a survey on 40 developing countries indicate a substantially higher level of satisfaction

with multilateral development organizations than with bilateral organizations.4 The survey identifies

multilateral loans as the largest external financing source over a five to ten year period.

4.2 Recommendations

The following recommendations are made aiming at attracting international financing to support

water supply management infrastructure projects and improve the service delivery:

1. In order to be effective in raising financial resources to improve service delivery, the Ministry of

Municipalities and Tourism should create a Project Implementation Unit (PIU) to be specialized

in project preparation. Capacity building measures and support should be sought through

donors’ organizations as well as MDBs. This PIU will concentrate in the needed technical

assistance and further support for sector reforms, if needed, and will be specialized in project

preparation. The PIU should oversee the respective governorates during the preparation and

implementation of a long term investment plan for wastewater.

3 Greenhill, R., Mustapha, S. and Prizzon, A. (forthcoming) An ‘Age of Choice’ for external development finance? What it

means for post-2015 national financing strategy, London: Overseas Development Institute. 4 Davies, R. and Pickering, J. (2015) ‘Making Development Co-operation Fit for the Future: A Survey of Partner Countries’.

OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers, No. 20., Paris



2. Currently, there is a lack of implementation of international practices regarding the evaluation

and award of Works Contracts. A transparent procurement system shall be developed in KRI

and the procurement rules of the Borrower institution shall be followed.



5. Recommendations for improvement of service delivery

“Improvement of Water Management Services”, in order to enhance future work (including capacity

building measures undertaken under this assignment and required for the next year)

Capacity building needs regarding training and workshops, were discussed during the meetings in

the three Governorates. It was concluded that a training session will take place during the next

mission, as a main concept of this assignment is“learning by doing”, aiming at building the capacities

in the 3 Water Directorates to prepare investment projects for execution.

Legislative – institutional measures

1) Water Security Planning & Management

a) Water Quality – catchment management plans

b) Water quantity inflows and storage requirements

2) Water User Associations

3) Government Legislation

a) Environmental Standards for rivers and lakes (to include road drainage).

b) Trade Effluent Control – quantity and quality of wastewater from industrial and commercial

premises.

Technical

1) Evaluation of network conditions regarding water losses

2) Installation of instrumentation and equipment for monitoring and maintenance

3) Prioritization of the most important water transport and treatment Works, after identifying the

non-servicing rural areas and areas with intermittent water supply

4) Planning & design of transmission pipes, pumping stations, treatment plants and water supply

networks (news or under expansion).

5) Establish technical standards that will satisfy the requirements of Multilateral Development

Banks (MDPs). This will include accepting international norms for water demand, for example

accepting 162 l/h/d and not 400 l/h/d.

6) Data collection and data library establishment.

7) Construction of water treatment plants.



Training – Capacity building

a) Training on software for design and dimensioning pipes, pumps, tanks etc.

b) Training in survey procedures

c) Training for operation and maintenance of a water supply system

d) Training of engineers and technicians on the monitoring and remote control of a water

supply system

e) Training of engineers and technicians from each governorate

Financial Control

1) Establish affordability of water supply and wastewater services for general population.

2) Determine tariff structures that will fund:

a) Existing operations & maintenance.

b) Future investment in new and improved services (capital and operating costs).

Recommendations to the Ministry of Municipalities and Tourism are classified in three levels,

namely, strategic, tactical and implementation. The recommendations are based on observations

and meetings during two missions to Erbil, visits to Dohuk and Sulimaniyah.

1. Recommendations at a strategic level in preparation for implementation of wastewater

services in KRI:

Promote legislation to protect water quality in major water resources such as rivers,

lakes, dams, underground aquifers..

Promote legislation to support implementation of tariffs and charges, with the

necessary powers for enforcement.

Develop a strategy for protection of water sources from wastewater discharges to

include both urban and rural locations.

Develop a sludge management strategy for sludge from both wastewater and water

treatment. The principal should be to make beneficial use of sludge wherever

practicable.

Establish technical standards for design for urban and rural sewerage and treatment

systems. The purpose is to allow consistent and compatible delivery of projects

across each governorate.

2. Recommendations for tactical measures to allow immediate improvements and open the

way to implementation:



Establish a project implementation unit (PIU).

Update existing water resources master plans for Erbil and Dohuk, including smaller

urban, rural areas and mountainous settlements. Carry out a master plan for

Sulimaniyah Governorate.

Commence data collection for all sites intended for water treatment plants and

water supply systems.

Extend and rehabilitate existing water supply networks.

Update customer lists to allow 100% recovery of fees.

Reduce non-revenue water through a combination of bulk metering by supply zones,

leakage detection and repair.

Carry out a review of tariffs to take account of affordability, willingness to pay and

ability to pay. The purpose is to implement an equitable and fair tariff across

domestic and commercial users with subsidies used when necessary.

In cooperation with the Environment Board and the Governorates to promote

awareness programmes within the Municipalities and the Governorates for water

conservation and waste minimisation.

3. Recommendation for implementation:

Develop a policy for procurement which should include involvement of international

financial institutions (IFIs) and possible use of private public partnerships (PPP).

5.1. Strategic Level

The aim of strategic level recommendations is to develop a Long-term Investment Plan, which will

include the following content:

Planning context – national policies, cross disciplinary considerations (e.g. power,

environment, finance, etc.)

Long term investment measures – key changes that will have to be effected by the water

sector in order to allow successful and sustainable implementation.

Basic design parameters and pre-dimensioning – derived from new technical standards.

Unit costs – for sewerage and treatment plant.

Investment costs – usually based on formulae derived from unit costs and population

demand.

Operation, maintenance and administration costs.

Criteria for phasing.

Implementation schedule and phasing plan.



Environmental impact of proposed measures.

Institutional requirements – financial management, legislation.

5.2. Tactical Enabling Measures

Establish a project implementation unit (PIU) within the Ministry of Municipalities and Tourism. The

purpose of the PIU is to coordinate with other Ministries, liaise with IFIs and oversee activities of

consultants and contractors tasked with implementing the strategy for wastewater. Representation

of the PIU will probably be required at Governorate level at the time of implementation.

Existing master plans should be updated to take account of changed circumstances due to

population growth and refugees from Syria and IDPs. Output from the revised master plans will help

inform the long term strategy.

Data collection can begin. This will involve liaison across ministries to ensure validated information is

used to inform analysis and decision making, both at strategic and tactical implementation levels.

Opportunities can be taken to extend and enhance existing water supply networks where this is

likely to support a future long term plan.

Customer lists are not up-to-date and this will prevent achieving 100% collection of all fees due. Full

collection is required in order to move towards full funding of operation and maintenance costs

from the customer base, and to reduce reliance on subsidies from regional and central government.

Water use is excessive when compared to other middle income countries. Non-revenue water

should be minimized by a combination of reducing leakage, eliminating illegal connections and

demand side controls. A reduction in water demand will reduce capital required for new assets, and

associated operation and maintenance costs. Demand side controls will include adjustment of

tariffs, but research by the World Bank has shown substantial improvements in revenue generation

can be achieved without having to meet the O&M funding gap through tariff increases alone.



Figure 6: Evaluating the Potential for Revenue Generation through Efficiency Gains5

5 World Bank/UNICEF, (March 2017), ‘Sanitation and Water for All: How can the financing gap be filled?’, Discussion Paper


page 21 The Local Area Development Programme in Iraq is financed by the European Union and managed by UNDP –IRAQ. The specific contract is implemented by Consortium

of PLANET SA (Greece) and Stars Orbit Consultants (Iraq)

Indicative Service Improvement Plan

Name of Activity Justification Leading institution

Stakeholder Timing Additional support needed

Assumptions and Risks/ dependencies from other activities

Strategy for protection of water sources from wastewater discharges to include both urban and rural locations

To protect and preserve diminishing water resources. Improve water quality. Improve health.

Ministry of Municipalities &

Tourism

Governorates, General

Directorate of Agriculture,

Directorate of Water,

Directorate of Environment

01.2018-06.2018 Technical Assistance and Consultancy Support

Strategy for sludge management strategy for both wastewater and water treatment

Prevent pollution from residuals of treatment. Beneficial use of sludge.

Ministry of

Municipalities & Tourism

Governorates, General

Directorate of Agriculture,

Directorate of Water,

Directorate of Environment, Directorate of

Forests & Fields.

01.2018-06.2018 Technical Assistance and Consultancy Support

Promote legislation to Preserve the Ministry of Governorates 01.2018-12.2018 Technical







protect water quality in major water resources

available water resources for water supply and irrigation

Municipalities & Tourism

Assistance and Consultancy Support. Ministry of Justice.

Promote legislation to support implementation of tariffs and charges, with the necessary powers for enforcement

Enable recovery of fees in order to meet O&M costs.

Ministry of Municipalities & Tourism

Governorates, Accounting Directorate

01.2018-12.2018 Technical Assistance and Consultancy Support. Accounting Directorate

Establish technical standards for design for urban and rural water supply networks and treatment systems

Enable consistent and compatible delivery of projects across each governorate


Governorates, Directorate of Planning

01.2018-12.2018 Technical Assistance and Consultancy Support.

Long Term Investment Plan Base planning document for implementation of wastewater services in KRI


Governorates + all Stakeholder directorates and ministries

By 01.2019 Technical Assistance and Consultancy Support.

Establish PIU Coordination of strategy, planning and


Governorates + all Stakeholder directorates and

By 02.2018 Technical Assistance and Consultancy







implementation. ministries Support.

Update master plans Existing master plans need to be revised to bring them up-to-date.


05.2018-11.2018 Technical Assistance and Consultancy Support. Directorates of Water Supply.

Information fed to long term investment plan

Data collection To allow accurate and efficient planning and design.

Governorates – Directorates of Water Supply

All local directorates with interest in water supply

01.2018 - ongoing Ministry of Municipalities & Tourism

Sewerage rehabilitation and extensions

To allow growth to continue with minimum impact on the environment.


Governorates, Ministry of Planning

01.2018 - ongoing

Update Customer Lists To enable 100% collection of fees due.

Governorates Directorates of Water

01.2018-12.2018 (and ongoing)

Local directorates Good communication plan required.

Reduce non-revenue water Reduction in demand in order to minimize energy

Governorates Directorates of Water & Sewerage, Directorate of

01.2018-12.2018 (and ongoing)

Technical Assistance and Consultancy Support for

Good communication plan required.







consumption in a water supply system, size of networks, water treatment plant and O&M costs.

Environment, Directorate of Water

leakage detection.

Review tariffs Fair and equitable allocation of fees across domestic and commercial customers.


Governorates. Technical Assistance and Consultancy Support

Awareness and communication plan.

Persuade and influence customers of benefits of implementation of a water supply strategy


Governorates 01.2018 - ongoing Technical Assistance and Consultancy Support

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