local access management
TRANSCRIPT
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Local Access Management
Brent Sweger, P.E.Division of Planning
Kentucky Transportation CabinetJune 2, 2006
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Topics
• Need for State Policy• Model Ordinance• Permit Review Agreement• Corridor Plan MOU
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Land
Use
TripsTrans. Needs Tr
ans.
Facil
ities
Land Value
Accessibility
Land Use Cycle
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Hitting the Access Management Bull's-eye
Unrestricted Access
State’s MinimumRequirements
Local Government’sRequirements
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Kentucky’s Model Ordinance
• For use by Cities and Counties• Can be modified to fit local needs• Available on KYTC
Division of Planning website
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• Include all important roadways.• Divide into logical segments (from A to B)• Group them by:
– Major Arterials– Minor Arterials– Collectors
• Include areas that are growing.• Decide on 1 or 2 groups of standards–
urban/suburban & rural.
Local Ordinance
Access Classification System
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Road Classifications
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Local Ordinance
Classification Example
• Class 1 -Major Arterial• US 31W (Ring Road to 31W Business)
• Class 2 - Minor Arterial• KY 1600 (KY 220 to KY 2802)
• Class 3 - Collector• KY 86 (County Line to US 62)
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Local Ordinance
Access Classification System
• After defining the classes,defines standards for each class:• median type• median opening spacing• driveway/connection spacing• signal spacing
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Access Class
Functional Class Median Type
Median Opening
Spacing - Full
Median Opening Spacing -
DirectionalConnection
SpacingSignal
Spacing
1 Major Arterial Non-traversable 2400 1200 600 2400
2 Minor Arterial Non-traversable 1200 600 450 24003 Collector 2-Lanes w/Median 1200 300 300 1200
Collector 3-Lanes (TWLTL) NA NA 300 12004 Local 2-Lanes w/o Median NA NA 100 NA
Local Ordinance
Example Classification System
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Local Ordinance
Access Design Standards• Local ordinances should also define:
– Corner clearance– Joint & cross access– Interchange areas– Driveway design– Outparcels/Phased Development Plans– Emergency & Transit access– Transformation of Non-conforming
access
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Local Ordinance
Corner Clearance
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Local Ordinance
Joint and Cross Access
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Local Ordinance
Design Standards (2)
• Reverse frontages (Backage Roads)• Flag lots (alternatives to)• Lot width-to depth ratios• Shared access• Connectivity (possible connectivity
index)• Minor subdivisions & private roads
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Local Ordinance
Backage (not frontage) Roads
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Local Ordinance
Avoid Flag Lots
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Local Ordinance Implementation
• Stand-alone ordinance– E.g. Lincoln County & Bowling Green
• Comprehensive Plan– Setting Goals & Objectives– Transportation Element/Plan
• Connectivity of road system• Designating (new or extended) cross access
corridors
– Land Use Element/Plan• Land use along roadways
– i.e., mixed use instead of commercial strips
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Local Ordinance Implementation
• Subdivision Regulations– Review Procedures– Driveway Design & Throat Length– Cross connections/joint access
requirements– Lot(s) layout and frontage
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Local Ordinance Implementation
• Zoning ordinance (3 options)1. Standards within each zone definition2. Separate section that covers all zones3. Corridor Overlay Zones
– Access management standards– Landscape and streetscape– Set backs, architectural, other standards
• Basic Elements– Spacing standards– Number of entrances per development– Cross connections/joint access requirements– Roadway connectivity requirements– Parking and Internal Traffic Circulation Requirements
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Local Ordinance Implementation
• Where does flexibility fit in?– Waiver process to Subdivision Regulations
• Granted by Planning Commission– Variance to zoning
• Granted by Planning Commission or BZA– Should list specific conditions to be met
• Special conditions exist that present hardship to applicant• Change to standard should be the least non-conforming• Traffic study shows negligible impacts to safety or traffic
flow• Access to another roadway is not feasible
– Mitigation measures • Median, Right-in/Right/out, turning lanes, etc. should be
specified to minimize impacts
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Local Ordinance Implementation
• Knowledgeable Staff or Traffic Consultant– Need proper training– Can make competent recommendations
• Approval/denial• Suggestions on waivers/variances
– Need to coordinate internally and with KYTC
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Example – Lincoln County
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Example – Bowling GreenTraffic Management Manual
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Example – Bowling Green
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Example – Bowling Green
• Traffic Management Manual
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Example - Bowling Green
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Example - Owensboro
Comprehensive Plan Goals & Objectives
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Example - Owensboro
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Example - Owensboro
Subdivision Regs
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Example - OwensboroZoning OrdinancesDriveway Widths
Zoning OrdinancesEntrance Spacing
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Permit Review Agreement
• Agreement between local government and KYTC
• Establishes coordination procedures for access permits on state routes
• Establishes AM regulation hierarchy• Independent of personalities
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Corridor Plan• Plan for designated (future) access points
– Cross roads– Entrances
• Fix deficient driveways– Redundant driveways– Full frontage driveways– Small radii
• Plan location & type ofintersection controls– Signals– Roundabouts– Directional median openings
• Plan for other modes– Transit, pedestrians and bicycles
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Corridor Plan
• Develop Formal Agreement (MOU) to adopt the Corridor Plan– County Governments– City Governments– KYTC– MPO?
• MOU should specify no modifications are allowed unless all parties agree.
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Conclusions
• KYTC encourages planning commissions and local governments to become leaders in managing access on the roadways in their jurisdiction.
• Consider adopting local AM rules • Consider developing Permit Review
Agreement with KYTC• Develop and adopt detailed corridor plans