load balancing for corporate software services

8/14/2019 LOAD BALANCING FOR CORPORATE SOFTWARE SERVICES

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LOAD BALANCING

FOR CORPORATE SOFTWARE

SERVICES

AJMAL BEG



Author and/or publih!r hall not b! liabl! "or an# $ind o" dir!%t and/or indir!%t lo a a r!ult o" uin&in"or'ation in thi boo$(

Th! %on%!pt d!%rib!d in thi publi%ation ar! ba!d on Europ!an Pat!nt Appli%ation EP)*+,+-.

ISBN 0.1232013*+)32420



D!di%at!d to '# "a'il#



Introduction

5! o" ditribut!d %o'putin& "or pro6idin& o"t7ar! !r6i%! ha b!%o'! 8uit! %o''on in lar&!

%orporation du! to a6ailabilit# o" lo72%ot %o'putin& hard7ar! and %alabl! o"t7ar! ar%hit!%tur!( It

i 8uit! %o''on to ha6! lar&! nu'b!r o" appli%ation !r6!r in %o'bination 7ith in&l! or 'ultipl!

databa! !r6!r to pro6id! o"t7ar! !r6i%! to lar&! nu'b!r o" int!rnal and !9t!rnal u!r( For

ditributin& o"t7ar! !r6i%! r!8u!t !9!%ution load a'on& di""!r!nt !r6!r: load balan%!r ar!

!'plo#!d( Thi boo$ introdu%! an i'pro6!d '!thod o" ai&nin& o"t7ar! !r6i%! r!8u!t to !r6!r

uin& pat load %hara%t!riti% tor!d in p!rit!n%! tora&! "or b!tt!r utili;ation o" th! a6ailabl!

hard7ar! r!our%! and thu: r!du%in& th! !9!%ution ti'! o" o"t7ar! !r6i%! r!8u!t( Thi '!thod o"

ai&nin& !r6i%! r!8u!t u! %at!&ori;! to %hara%t!ri;! th! o"t7ar! !r6i%! !9!%ution load data and

th! %apa%it# o" th! !r6!r !9!%utin& u%h !r6i%! r!8u!t: thu !'po7!rin& an a6!ra&! #t!'

ad'initrator to handl! %o'pl!9 o"t7ar! !r6i%! in"ratru%tur!(



Chapter 1

Need for better load balancing methods

Ditribut!d %o'putin& ha b!%o'! 8uit! %o''on du! to a6ailabilit# o" lo7 %ot !r6!r in th! 'ar$!t

and alo du! to th! &!n!ral a6ailabilit# o" th! o"t7ar! 7hi%h %an run on 'ultipl! appli%ation !r6!r

and/or databa! !r6!r <<)=:<-=:<*=:<.=:<)3=:<)-=:<43=:<4)=:<4-==( >an# 'all and lar&! i;! %o'pani!

u! ERP to pro6id! o"t7ar! !r6i%! to th!ir !'plo#!! and %uto'!r <<)4=:<)+==( An ERP in a lar&!

or&ani;ation 'a# ha6! 'or! than a do;!n appli%ation !r6!r: thu allo7in& r!du%in& !r6!r hard7ar!

%ot b# utili;in& lo7 %ot !r6!r hard7ar! a6ailabl! in th! 'ar$!t( Ditribut!d %o'putin& alo h!lp

in%r!a! th! a6ailabilit# ti'! o" th! #t!' a in %a! o" "ailur! o" a !r6!r: th! o"t7ar! !r6i%!

r!8u!t %an b! di6!rt!d to7ard oth!r !r6!r pro6idin& i'ilar o"t7ar! !r6i%! <<+==(

S!r6!r hotin& %orporat! #t!' pro6id! di""!r!nt o"t7ar! !r6i%! to int!rnal and !9t!rnal u!r that

%ontribut! to a 6ari!t# o" buin! appli%ation( Th! !r6i%! ran&! "ro' !'ail !r6i%! to %o'pl!9

buin! trana%tion !r6i%! <<4=: <),==( In a lar&! %orporat!: lar&! nu'b!r o" u!r lo& on: tart or top

!r6i%! and th!n lo&out( So'! %o'put!r u! int!rnal !r6i%! that %orr!pond to th! hu'an u!r( For

!9a'pl!: in a ditribut!d #t!' 7ith an appli%ation ub2#t!' and a databa! #t!': th! hu'an u!r

%o''uni%at! 7ith th! appli%ation ub2#t!': and th! appli%ation ub2#t!' %o''uni%at! 7ith th!

databa! #t!' %orr!pondin&l# throu&h an int!r'!diat! !r6i%!(

Ea%h !r6i%! pla%! load on a !r6!r( S!r6i%! ar! %ontinuoul# add!d or r!'o6!d o that th! o6!rall

load &o! up and do7n 7ith th! ti'!( Th! #t!' ha to a%%o''odat! p!a$ load( In th! #t!': a load

balan%!r p!riodi%all# d!t!r'in! th! load on !a%h !r6!r and hi"t !r6i%! b!t7!!n !r6!r( Th! load

balan%!r p!riodi%all# d!t!r'in! th! load on !a%h !r6!r and hi"t !r6i%! b!t7!!n th! !r6!r <<1=:



<44==( Th! &!n!rall# u!d load balan%in& poli%i! ar!

Policy A:

B# %ountin& th! nu'b!r o" !r6i%! that ar! !9!%ut!d on that parti%ular !r6!r(

Policy B:

B# %ountin& th! hu'an u!r that ar! lo&&!d on

Th! balan%!r ai&n n!7 !r6i%! to a !r6!r uin& th! abo6! poli%i!( Su%h poli%i! 7or$ p!r"!%tl#

7h!r! th!r! i al'ot !8ual load p!r !r6i%!: th! !r6!r ar! o" ubtantiall# !8ual %apa%it# and th!r! i

not 'u%h di""!r!n%! in load "ro' di""!r!nt u!r uin& th! a'! !r6i%!( ?o7!6!r: thi approa%h

app!ar probl!'ati% in %o'pl!9 %orporat! land%ap!: 7h!r! th!r! ar! 'ultipl! !r6!r !'plo#!d 7ith

di""!r!nt hard7ar! %apa%iti! and load "ro' o"t7ar! !r6i%! 6ari! "ro' on! t#p! o" !r6i%! to

anoth!r( Furth!r'or!: du! to th! %o'pl!9it# o" buin! in th! lar&! %orporation di""!r!nt u!r uin&

th! a'! o"t7ar! !r6i%! 'a# &!n!rat! di""!r!nt load d!p!ndin& on th! buin! r!8uir!'!nt o" !a%h

u!r or d!part'!nt: thu 'a$in& it di""i%ult to ai&n th! u!r o"t7ar! !r6i%! r!8u!t to an

appropriat! !r6!r(

To "urth!r !9plain th! probl!' l!t au'! th! "ollo7in& buin! %!nario in6ol6in& t7o !r6!r

pro6idin& 'onthl# pa#roll %al%ulation to t7o %uto'!r

A6ailabl! S!r6!r SA and SB

A6ailabl! So"t7ar! S!r6i%! on SA and SB >onthl# pa#roll %al%ulation

Capa%it# o" S!r6!r SA CA

Capa%it# o" S!r6!r SB CB

5!r o" o"t7ar! !r6i%! at SA and SB 5A and 5B

Load "ro' u!r 5A LA @%al%ulat! pa#roll "or 4*33 !'plo#!!

Load "ro' u!r 5B LB @%al%ulat! pa#roll "or *333 !'plo#!!

L!t au'! th! %a! 7h!n



CA LB CB

LA CA

Au'! that th! r!8u!t "or 'onthl# pa#roll arri6! "ro' both 5A and 5B at th! a'! ti'! th! load

balan%!r 'a# ai&n LB to CA i" it "ollo7 an# o" th! poli%# A or poli%# B( Su%h o"t7ar! !r6i%!

ai&n'!nt 'a# %r!at! a bottl!n!%$ on !r6!r SA or it 'a# l!ad to a ituation 7h!r! a 'onthl# pa#roll

i not %o'pl!t!d in th! allo7!d ti'! 7indo7 r!&ardl! o" ha6in& hard7ar! %apa%it# a6ailabl! at

anoth!r !r6!r(

Th! %urr!nt o"t7ar! !r6i%! ai&n'!nt poli%i! u!d in th! %orporation do not %onid!r th! ti'!

d!p!nd!n%# o" th! 7or$load that i %r!at!d a a r!ult o" o"t7ar! !9!%ution on a !r6!r( Fi&ur! )

illutrat! u%h buin! %!nario in 7hi%h a !r6!r pro6id! >at!rial R!8uir!'!nt Plannin& S!r6i%! to

t7o di""!r!nt %o'pani! A and B( Th! "irt r!8u!t "ro' u!r A i a in&l! t!p r!8u!t 7hi%h %r!at!

%ontant load on th! !r6!r( Th! !%ond r!8u!t "ro' u!r B i a thr!! t!p o"t7ar! !r6i%! r!8u!t(

Durin& th! "irt t!p !9!%ution th! !r6!r i abl! to handl! th! load 7hil! in th! !%ond t!p th! total

load "ro' u!r A and u!r B !9%!!d th! total %apa%it# o" th! !r6!r( It 'a# l!ad to a hard7ar!

bottl!n!%$ ituation or 'at!rial R!8uir!'!nt Plannin& r!8u!t not b!in& %o'pl!t!d 7ithin th!

!9!%ution 7indo7 "or both %o'pani!(

In a %o'putin& on d!'and approa%h: an# !r6i%! hould b! a6ailabl! a"t!r th! d!'and ari!( Alo: th!

!r6!r hould r!liabl# p!r"or' th! !r6i%! !6!n i" th! !r6i%! in%r!a! th! load to th! !r6!r: 7hil!

!9!%ution( Th!r! i an on&oin& n!!d to all!6iat! th!! probl!' 7ithout 'anuall# plannin& and

%h!dulin& o" th! o"t7ar! !r6i%!(

Chapt!r 4 in thi boo$ d!%rib! th! i'pro6!d '!thod o" load balan%in& 7hi%h uit th! %or! %orporat!

o"t7ar! !r6i%!( It "urth!r d!tail th! '!thod to %hara%t!ri;! th! load and th! %apa%it# "i&ur! into a

"or'at 7hi%h i !ai!r to und!rtand and u! "or #t!' ad'initrator( It "urth!r d!%rib! th! "lo7 o"

load balan%in&( Chapt!r - u''ari;! th! i'pro6!d '!thod o" o"t7ar! !r6i%! ai&n'!nt(



Figure 1 : Load from two independent users on the serer



Chapter !

Improed method of assigning software

serice

So'! o" th! %or! o"t7ar! !r6i%! in th! %orporat! ha6! a "i9!d patt!rn o" %onu'in& %o'putin&

r!our%!( For !9a'pl!: th! o"t7ar! !r6i%! 7hi%h p!r"or' %al%ulation o" 'onthl# pa#roll: %onu'!

al'ot a'! 8uantit# o" th! %o'putin& r!our%! !6!r# 'onth i" th!r! i no drati% %han&! in th!

nu'b!r o" !'plo#!!( Si'ilarl#: in th! %a! o" o"t7ar! !r6i%! 7hi%h %al%ulat! th! 'at!rial

r!8uir!'!nt "or a p!%i"i% a!'bl# unit in a 'anu"a%turin& %orporation: th!r! i &!n!rall# no drati%

unplann!d %han&! in th! 'anu"a%turin& output o" th! a!'bl# lin!( Load balan%in& i 7!ll !9plor!d

ar!a and di""!r!nt load balan%in& t!%hni8u! ha6! b!!n propo!d "or di""!r!nt appli%ation ar!a 7ith

li'it!d u%%! <<-=:<))=:<)*=:<)1=:<)0==( In %a! o" 'an# %or! %orporat! o"t7ar! !r6i%!: th!

%o'putin& r!our%! r!8uir!d %an b! pr!di%t!d 8uit! a%%urat!l# b# %oll!%tin& and utili;in& th! r!our%!

%onu'ption hitor# o" th! pat( Th! %o'putin& %apa%it# o" !a%h pi!%! o" hard7ar! i alo $no7n

"a%tor( 5tili;in& thi r!our%! %onu'ption pr!di%tion and th! alr!ad# $no7n total %apa%it# o" th!

%o'putin& hard7ar!: %an h!lp a6oid inappropriat! !r6i%! ai&n'!nt probl!' d!%rib!d in th!

introdu%tor# !%tion(

?!r!: 7! d!%rib! 7hi%h r!our%! %onu'ption para'!t!r %an b! %oll!%t!d and u!d in %a! o" -2ti!r

!nt!rpri! r!our%! plannin& #t!'( Fi&ur! 4 ho7 a t#pi%al Ent!rpri! R!our%! Plannin& #t!'(

Th! p!rit!n%! la#!r i a in&l! databa! #t!' or a %lut!r o" 'ultipl! databa! intan%! torin&

lar&! a'ount o" buin! r!lat!d in"or'ation( Th! appli%ation la#!r i th! la#!r 7hi%h !9!%ut! th!

buin! lo&i% 7hi%h u! th! data tor!d in th! p!rit!n%! la#!r and %onit o" 'ultipl! appli%ation

!r6!r and a load balan%!r( Th! load balan%!r ai&n th! u!r to th! 'ultipl! appli%ation !r6!r( Th!

pr!!ntation la#!r i th! %o'putin& la#!r: 7hi%h pr!!nt th! %al%ulat!d r!ult "ro' th! buin! lo&i%



to th! u!r in th! %orporat!( Th! r!8u!t "ro' th! u!r ar! !nt to th! load balan%!r and th! load

balan%!r ditribut! th!! r!8u!t a'on& th! appli%ation !r6!r( P!rit!n%! la#!r and th! buin!

lo&i% la#!r both %an ha6! P!r"or'an%! Statiti% Coll!%tor to %oll!%t r!our%! %onu'ption indi%ator

"atabase #ime

Databa! ti'! i th! ti'! that %an b! d!%rib!d h!r! a th! p!nt on r!ad and 7rit! op!ration

to th! databa!( Databa! ti'! %an b! ob!r6!d and r!%ord!d on th! databa! b# ob!r6in& th!

di""!r!n%! in th! ti'!ta'p at 7hi%h th! SL 7a r!%!i6!d at th! databa! and th! ti'!ta'p at 7hi%h

th! r!ult o" th! SL !9!%ution 7a !nt ba%$ to th! appli%ation !r6!r( Si'ilarl# th! databa! ti'! %an

b! ob!r6!d b# th! p!r"or'an%! tatiti% %oll!%tor on th! appli%ation !r6!r b# %al%ulatin& th!

di""!r!n%! in th! ti'!ta'p at 7hi%h th! SL r!8u!t 7a !nt to th! databa! and th! ti'!ta'p at

7hi%h th! r!ult 7!r! r!%!i6!d( Th! n!t7or$ ti'! %an b! !9%lud!d "ro' thi "i&ur! to ha6! 'or!

a%%urat! databa! ti'! "i&ur!(

CP$ #ime

CP5 ti'! i th! ti'! that i p!nt on !9!%utin& th! buin! lo&i%( Th! CP5 ti'! !9%lud! th! databa!

ti'!( Th! CP5 ti'! %an b! r!%ord!d at th! buin! lo&i% la#!r: 7h!r! !9!%utin& th! databa! ti'!

"ro' th! ti'! p!nt on !9!%utin& th! buin! lo&i%(

%peration per time

Th! nu'b!r o" tandard i;! !r6i%! that %an b! p!r"or'!d i'ultan!oul# b# th! databa! or th!

appli%ation !r6!r( Thi para'!t!r %an b! %al%ulat!d b# th! P!r"or'an%! Statiti% Coll!%tor runnin&

on th! appli%ation !r6!r or th! databa!(

&emory Consumption

>!'or# %onu'ption %an b! %al%ulat!d b# %all to th! op!ratin& #t!' b# th! P!r"or'an%! Statiti%

Coll!%tor runnin& on th! databa! or th! appli%ation !r6!r(

&a'imum Parallel Processing

Th! nu'b!r o" tandard i;! pro%!in& that %an b! p!r"or'!d i'ultan!oul# b# th! databa! or th!



appli%ation !r6!r(

Figure 2: Typical Architecture of Enterprise Resource Planning System



2.1 Conversion of raw performance data into easy to use data

Th! p!r"or'an%! data %oll!%t!d on th! 'ultipl! appli%ation !r6!r and databa! n!!d to b!

%on6!rt!d into !a# to u! and und!rtand "or'at "or th! op!rator o" th! o"t7ar! !r6i%! pro6id!r(

Th! balan%!r %on6!rt th! data %oll!%t!d b# th! di""!r!n%! P!r"or'an%! Statiti% Coll!%tor in a

u!"ul "or' and tor! in a r!%ord "or !a# a%%!( Th! balan%!r u! %at!&ori! to d!%rib! th! load

o" th! !r6i%!( Cat!&ori! u%h a LOW: >EDI5>: ?IG?: VER ?IG? and >A !a! th!

pro%!in&( Th!r! i no n!!d to pro%! !9a%t nu'!ri%al 6alu! u%h a '!aur!'!nt 6alu!( For

!9a'pl!: balan%!r %at!&ori! tho! ar! produ%t o" a "a%tor > 7ith a tandard 8uantit#( Th! tandard

8uantit# i an abolut! '!aur!'!nt t!r'( For !9a'pl!: ta$in& th! %at!&or# LOW a tandard: T#p!

>INI>AL %orr!pond to ) LOW or )333 op!ration p!r !%ond T#p! >EDI5> %orr!pond to

,LOW T#p! ?IG? %orr!pond to 1LOW T#p! VER ?IG? %orr!pond to ,3LOW and TPE

>AI>5> %orr!pond to -33LOW( Th! 'ultipli%ation "a%tor ): ,: 1: ,3 and -33 ar! %ho!n "or

th! %on6!ni!n%! o" !9planation: oth!r "a%tor %an b! u!d a 7!ll(

R!2%at!&ori;in& load 7ith ti'! i ad6anta&!ou "or u!r $no7n to pot!ntiall# in%r!a! th! !r6i%!

load( For !9a'pl!:

• 5!r o" 'onthl# pa#roll %al%ulation !r6i%! turn th! load "ro' LOW to ?IG? %at!&or#: a

oon a th! na'! o" !'plo#!! ar! !l!%t!d "or 'onthl# pa#roll %al%ulation and a%tual

pa#roll %al%ulation tart(

•

• In th! "irt t!p in >at!rial R!8u!t Plannin& S!r6i%!: 7h!r! th! lit o" 'at!rial u!d in

di""!r!nt plant i r!tri!6!d: th! load i LOW( A oon a th! 'at!rial r!8u!t ar! %al%ulat!d

"or a p!%i"i% p!riod o" ti'!: th! load "ro' u!r %han&! to ?IG? %at!&or#(

Th! %apa%it# o" th! !r6!r i alo d!%rib!d uin& th! abo6! %at!&ori!( It allo7 !a# to u! and

und!rtand %apa%it# to load ratio durin& th! load balan%in&(



2.2 Flow of software service assignments

Fi&ur! - ho7 th! t#pi%al "lo7 o" th! load balan%in& pro%!dur!

• 5!r initiat! a !r6i%! r!8u!t and !nd it to balan%!r

• Balan%!r obtain th! u!r hitor# o" th! load "or thi p!%i"i% !r6i%! "ro' th! r!%ord( Th! load

hitor# %an b! d!%rib!d uin& %at!&ori! d!"in!d and tor!d in th! databa!(

• Balan%!r obtain th! %urr!nt a6ailabl! %apa%it# o" th! !r6!r 7hi%h i d!%rib!d uin&

%at!&ori! d!"in!d and tor!d in databa!(

• Balan%!r ai&n th! !r6i%! r!8u!t to th! !r6!r 7hi%h ha th! %apa%it# to p!r"or' th! ta$

•

Balan%!r ubtra%t th! hitori%al load o" th! !r6i%! r!8u!t "ro' th! a6ailabl! %apa%it# r!%ord at

th! tart o" th! !r6i%! initiation(

• Durin& th! !9!%ution o" th! !r6i%!: th! a%tual load hitor# i r!%ord!d "or updatin& th!

%hara%t!riti% o" th! load hitor# o" th! u!r(

• At th! !nd o" th! !r6i%! !9!%ution th! %urr!nt a6ailabl! %apa%it# r!%ord i updat!d a&ain to

r!%ord that th! a6ailabl! %apa%it# at th! !r6!r ha in%r!a!d(



Figure (: Flow of load balancing



Th! di""!r!nt t#p! o" in"or'ation that %an b! u!d "or i'pl!'!ntin& th! d!%rib!d load balan%in&

pro%!dur! i d!%rib!d in Fi&ur! ,(

$ser authentication data

Thi data i u!d to id!nti"# th! u!r and d!%id! 7h!th!r to allo7 th! a%%! to th! r!8u!t!d

!r6i%! or not ba!d on th! u!r authori;ation pro"il!(

)erer identification and capacity data

Thi data i u!d to d!t!r'in! 7hi%h appli%ation !r6!r ar! a6ailabl! "or pro6idin& th! !r6i%! to

th! !r6!r and 7hat i th!ir hard7ar! %apa%it#(

)erices and their load characteristics data

Thi data d!%rib! 7hi%h !r6i%! ar! a6ailabl! on 7hi%h appli%ation !r6!r and 7hat ar! th!

&!n!ral load %hara%t!riti% o" !a%h !r6i%!(

Performance monitors configuration data

Thi data d!%rib! 7hat t#p! o" p!r"or'an%! 'onitor i %on"i&ur!d on 7hi%h !r6!r and ho7 th!r!

p!r"or'an%! %oll!%tion para'!t!r ar! %on"i&ur!d(

Load %at!&ori;ation data

Thi data d!%rib! ho7 to %at!&ori;! di""!r!nt t#p! o" data in %at!&ori! li$! ?IG?: LOW and

>EDI5>(

Currently aailable capacity and load

Thi data %ontain th! in"or'ation about ho7 'u%h o" th! a6ailabl! %apa%it# ha b!!n ai&n!d to

7hi%h !r6i%! r!8u!t on !a%h !r6!r( Thi data i updat!d at th! ti'! o" !r6i%! ai&n'!nt and th!

%o'pl!tion o" th! ai&n!d !r6i%!(



Figure *: "ata used in the load balancing of the serice re+uests



Chapter (

)ummary

Thi 7or$ introdu%! a load balan%in& '!%hani' "or %orporat! !r6i%! r!8u!t( Th! d!%rib!d

load balan%in& '!%hani' p!%iall# uit th! %orporat! !n6iron'!nt 7h!r! !r6!r o" di""!r!nt

%apa%it# ar! u!d "or ditribut!d %o'putin& and th! load %au!d b# th! !r6i%! 6ari! "ro' u!r to

u!r( Thi 7or$ pa# p!%ial att!ntion to th! "a%t that in th! %a! o" %orporat! !r6i%!: th! pat load

%hara%t!riti% o" th! !r6i%! r!8u!t "ro' !a%h u!r %an b! u!d to !ti'at! th! "utur! load

%hara%t!riti% 8uit! pr!%i!l#( Th! d!%rib!d t!%hni8u! r!l!a! th! #t!' ad'initrator "ro' th!

arduou ta$ o" p!r"or'in& load ditribution %on"i&uration 'anuall#( Th! ua&! o" !a# to

und!rtand %at!&ori! "or d!%ribin& load and th! %apa%it# allo7 an a6!ra&! #t!' ad'initrator

to handl! lar&! nu'b!r o" %o'pl!9 o"t7ar! !r6i%! r!8u!t "ro' u!r(



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load balancing for corporate software services

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