DNV GL © 2017

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09 January 2017 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENERDNV GL © 2017

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09 January 2017, Brunsbüttel

LNG in der Schifffahrt -von der Ausnahme zum Standard?

Leistungsspektrum und Marktsituation

1

Hans-Günther Albers, Benjamin Scholz

DNV GL © 2017

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Content

� Introduction / Background

� Rules and Regulations – IGF-Code

� LNG fuel Installation – Examples

� Bunkering of LNG

� World’s First Dual-Fuel Cruise Ship

� Outlook

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Basic properties of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

� Main component is methane (CH4)

– LNG composition varies with geographical location

� Liquid at about -163ºC

� Lighter than air

� Flammable, but high self ignition temperature: approx. 600ºC (~ 210ºC for diesel)

� Ignitable by sparks in mixture with air: 5-15%

3

HFO � Hu = 42600 kJ/m3; density: 860 kg/m3

LNG � Hu = 46000 kJ/m3; density approx. 425 kg/m3

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Basic properties of natural gas

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Global Ship Traffic

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Shipping:≈ 3% of global CO2 emissions

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The development trend is moving from LOCAL …

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Norway

2000 – 2013

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97 LNG fuelled ships in operation worldwide (1/2)

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Year Type of vessel Owner Class

2000 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL2003 PSV Simon Møkster DNV GL2003 PSV Eidesvik DNV GL

2006 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL

2007 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL2008 PSV Eidesvik Shipping DNV GL2009 PSV Eidesvik Shipping DNV GL2009 Car/passenger ferry Tide Sjø DNV GL

2009 Car/passenger ferry Tide Sjø DNV GL2009 Car/passenger ferry Tide Sjø DNV GL2009 Patrol vessel Remøy Management DNV GL2009 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL

2010 Patrol vessel Remøy Management DNV GL2010 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL2010 Patrol vessel Remøy Management DNV GL2010 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL

2010 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL2010 Car/passenger ferry Fosen Namsos Sjø DNV GL2011 PSV DOF DNV GL2011* Oil/chemical tanker Tarbit Shipping DNV GL

2011 Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL2011 PSV Solstad Rederi DNV GL2012* Car/passenger ferry Fjord1 DNV GL

Year Type of vessel Owner Class

2012 PSV Eidesvik DNV GL

2012 PSV Olympic Shipping DNV GL2012 PSV Island Offshore DNV GL2012 General Cargo Nordnorsk Shipping DNV GL2012 PSV Eidesvik Shipping DNV GL

2012 PSV Island Offshore DNV GL2012 Car/passenger ferry Torghatten Nord DNV GL2012 Car/passenger ferry Torghatten Nord DNV GL2012 Car/passenger ferry Torghatten Nord DNV GL

2013 PSV REM DNV GL2013 RoPax Viking Line LR2013 Car/passenger ferry Torghatten Nord DNV GL2013 Tug Incheon Port Authority KR

2013 General Cargo Eidsvaag DNV GL2013 RoPax Fjordline DNV GL2013 High speed RoPax Buquebus DNV GL2013 Tug CNOOC CCS

2013 Tug CNOOC CCS2013 Car/passenger ferry Norled DNV GL2014 Car/passenger ferry Norled DNV GL2014 Tug Buksér & Berging DNV GL2014 RoPax Fjordline DNV GL2014 Patrol vessel Finish Border Guard DNV GL2014 Tug Buksér & Berging DNV GL2014 Gas carrier Anthony Veder BV2014 Gas carrier Anthony Veder BV

Ships in operation

* Conversion project

Updated 9 December 2016Excluding LNG carriers and inland waterway vessels

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… to GLOBAL

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97 LNG fuelled ships in operation worldwide (2/2)

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Year Type of vessel Owner Class

2014 PSV Remøy Shipping DNV GL2014 General Cargo Egil Ulvan Rederi DNV GL2014 General Cargo Egil Ulvan Rederi DNV GL

2014 PSV Siem Offshore DNV GL2015 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. ABS2015 Ro-Ro Norlines DNV GL2015 Car/passenger ferry Samsoe municipality DNV GL

2015 PSV Simon Møkster Shipping DNV GL2015 PSV Siem Offshore DNV GL2015 Ro-Ro Norlines DNV GL2015* Oil/chemical tanker Bergen Tankers LR2015 Car/passenger ferry Society of Quebec ferries LR

2015 Gas carrier Evergas BV2015 Gas carrier Evergas BV2015 Tug CNOOC CCS2015* Car/passenger ferry AG Ems DNV GL2015 Tug NYK NK

2015 Gas carrier Chemgas Shipping BV2015 Gas carrier Evergas BV2015 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. ABS2015 Container ship TOTE Shipholdings ABS

2015 Car/passenger ferry AG EMS DNV GL2015 Bulk ship Erik Thun LR2016 Container ship TOTE Shipholdings ABS2016 Gas carrier Evergas BV

2016 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. ABS2016 Bulk ship Erik Thun LR

Ships in operation

* Conversion project

Year Type of vessel Owner Class

2016 Oil/chemical tanker Terntank BV2016 Gas carrier Navigator Gas ABS2016* Oil/chemical tanker Furetank Rederi BV2016 Icebreaker Arctica Shipping LR2016 Car/passenger ferry Boreal Transport Nord DNV GL2016 Car/passenger ferry Boreal Transport Nord DNV GL2016 Tug CNOOC CCS2016 Gas carrier Chemgas Shipping BV2016 Car carrier UECC LR2016 Oil/chemical tanker Terntank BV2016 Oil/chemical tanker Terntank BV2016 Car/passenger ferry BC Ferries LR2016 Gas carrier Evergas BV2016 PSV Siem Offshore DNV GL2016 Car/passenger ferry Seaspan Ferries Corp. BV2016 Gas carrier Navigator Gas ABS2016 Ro-Ro Searoad Holdings DNV GL2016 Car carrier UECC LR

Updated 9 December 2016Excluding LNG carriers and inland waterway vessels

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91 confirmed LNG fuelled newbuilds (1/2)

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Year Type of vessel Owner Class

2016 Car/passenger ferry Society of Quebec ferries LR2016 Car/passenger ferry Society of Quebec ferries LR2016 Tug Drydocks World2016 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. ABS2016 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. ABS2016 PSV Siem Offshore DNV GL2016 Gas carrier Evergas BV2016 PSV Harvey Gulf Int. ABS2016 PSV Siem Offshore DNV GL2016* Ro-Ro TOTE Shipholdings ABS2016 Car/passenger ferry BC Ferries LR2016 Gas carrier Ocean Yield DNV GL2016 Gas carrier Ocean Yield DNV GL2016 Gas carrier Ocean Yield DNV GL2016 Car/passenger ferry Seaspan Ferries Corp. BV2016 Gas carrier Navigator Gas ABS2016 Gas carrier Navigator Gas ABS2016* RoPax Baleària BV2016 Dredger DEME BV2016 Dredger DEME BV2016* Container ship Wessels Reederei BV2016 Hopper Barge Bremenports DNV GL2016 HSLC Fred. Olsen DNV GL

Year Type of vessel Owner Class

2017 Cable layer DEME Tideway DNV GL2017 Gas carrier Evergas BV2017 Gas carrier Evergas BV2017 Tug Østensjø Rederi2017 Tug Østensjø Rederi2017 Tug Østensjø Rederi2017* Car/passenger ferry BC ferries ABS2017 RoPax Rederi AB Gotland DNV GL2017 Car/passenger ferry Caronte & Tourist RINA 2017 Oil/chemical tanker Groupe Desgagnés BV2017 Oil/chemical tanker Groupe Desgagnés BV2017 Oil/chemical tanker Groupe Desgagnés BV2017 Oil/chemical tanker Groupe Desgagnés BV2017 Car/passenger ferry BC Ferries LR2017 Oil/chemical tanker Terntank BV2017 Container ship Crowley Maritime Corp. DNV GL2017 Container ship Crowley Maritime Corp. DNV GL2017 RoPax Tallink BV2017 Container ship Brodosplit DNV GL2018 Container ship Brodosplit DNV GL2018 Bulk ship ESL Shipping DNV GL2018 Bulk ship ESL Shipping DNV GL2018 Tug Keppel Smit Towage ABS2018 Tug Maju Maritime ABS2018* Car/passenger ferry BC ferries ABS

Confirmed orderbook

* Conversion project

Updated 9 December 2016Excluding LNG carriers and inland waterway vessels

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Confirmed orderbook

Year Type of vessel Owner Class

2019 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation RINA 2019 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation RINA 2019 Oil/chemical tanker Älvtank BV2019 Oil/chemical tanker Thun Tankers BV2019 RoPax Baleària BV2019 Car carrier Siem Car Carriers2019 Car carrier Siem Car Carriers2019 Oil/chemical tanker Rosneft2020 Oil/chemical tanker Rosneft2020 Oil/chemical tanker Rosneft2020 Oil/chemical tanker Rosneft2020 Oil/chemical tanker Rosneft2020 RoPax Viking Line2020 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation RINA 2020 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation2021 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation2021 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation2022 Cruise ship Carnival Corporation RINA 2022 Cruise ship MSC Cruises2022 Cruise ship RCCL2024 Cruise ship MSC Cruises2024 Cruise ship RCCL

Year Type of vessel Owner Class

2018 Container ship Brodosplit DNV GL2018 Container ship Brodosplit DNV GL2018 Car/passenger ferry Royal Doeksen LR2018 Car/passenger ferry Royal Doeksen LR2018 Car/passenger ferry CHFS LR2018 Car/passenger ferry CHFS LR2018* Ro-Ro TOTE Shipholdings ABS2018 RoPax Rederi AB Gotland DNV GL2018 General cargo ship Nordnorsk Shipping DNV GL2018 Container ship Containerships ABS2018 Container ship Containerships ABS2018 Container ship GNS Shipping ABS2018 Container ship GNS Shipping ABS2018 Container ship GNS Shipping ABS2018 Container ship GNS Shipping ABS2018 Heavy lift vessel Heerema Offshore LR2018 Oil/chemical tanker Furetank Rederi BV2018 Oil/chemical tanker Furetank Rederi BV2018 Dredger DEME BV2018 Bulk ship POSCO KR2018 Dredger van der Kamp DNV GL

* Conversion project

Updated 9 December 2016Excluding LNG carriers and inland waterway vessels

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LNG uptake by vessel segment

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Updated 9 December 2016Excluding LNG carriers and inland waterway vessels

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AIS data from LNGi shows that LNG fuelled ships are already covering a large area

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The heat map is based on the LNG fuelled fleet’s AIS positions from 27.11.2016-07.12.2016

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The development of the IGF code (International Code Of Safety For Ships Using Gases Or Other Low-Flashpoint Fuels)

� The IGF Code was adopted by IMO in June 2015 (MSC95) and is in force since 1.

January 2017

� Mandatory for all gas and other low flashpoint fuel ships

� Detail requirements for natural gas

� Other low flashpoint fuels allowed, approval based on alternative design approach

– More detailed provisions for methyl/ethyl alcohol fuels and fuel cells is under

development in IMO correspondence groups now

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2004

NMA draft to IMO

2009 Jan 2017

Interim GuidelinesMSC.285(86)

IGF Code

June 2015

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New DNV GL Rules for GAS FUELLED SHIP INSTALLATIONS

� The new DNVGL Rules for Gas fuelled ship installations are covering the

requirements in the IGF Code.

� Pt.6 Ch.2 Sec.5 GAS FUELLED SHIP INSTALLATIONS – GAS FUELLED

– Class Notation Gas fuelled

– Published October 2015 and entered into force January 2016

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Pt.6 Ch.2 Sec.5 Gas fuelled ship installations - Gas fuelled

1 General requirements2 Materials3 Ship arrangement4 Fuel containment systems5 Piping systems6 Ventilation systems7 Fire safety8 Electrical systems9 Control, monitoring and safety systems10 Gas turbines and boilers11 Manufacture, workmanship and testing

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DNV GL Rules for gas fuelled ships – Main principles

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Segregation

Protect gas fuel installation from

external events

Double barriers

Protect the ship against

leakages

Leakage detection

Give warning and enable automatic safety actions

Emergency shutdown

Reduce consequences of a

leakage

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LNG fuel installation – large ships

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Area with piping systems for liquefied fuel able to

contain cryogenic leakages

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LNG fuel installation – larger ships

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Dual fuel engines:• 4 stroke engines (aux.) are available

• power range 1-18 MW

• most relevant dual fuel engines have

DNV GL Type Approval

• 2 stroke engine are available

• power range 3 – 100 MW

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Perfect Ship: Piston Engine Room Free Efficient Containership

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Bunkering of Tote Container Vessel

� 2x 3.100 TEU Container Vessel (plus 3 Options)

� Built by NASSCO Yard, San Diego

� Main engine: 1x 8L 70ME- C8.2 GI

� (MCR 25.2 MW at 104 rpm)

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Bunkering of Tote Container Vessel

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Newbuilding ferry Cuxhaven Helgoland

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GL Klassezeichen: 100 A5 E RSA (50) PASSENGER SHIP EU + MC E AUT GF

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Conversion car / passenger ferry Borkum - Emden

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remaining fore shipNew aft ship

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Conversion MS Ostfriesland / Machinery Installations

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Cut off of the Ostfriesland Aft section

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Alternatives for LNG Bunkering

From road trucks Portable Gas fuel tank

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Shore LNG storage tank

Ship to ship LNG transfer SIMOPS (Simultaneous Operation)

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LNGi shows a clutter of LNG bunker vessels coming in Europe

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*In the LNGi map bunkering barges for inland waterway vessels are also shown, but these projects are not shown here.

Updated 9 December 2016

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AIDAPrima

� First cruise vessel in the world

equipped with a dual fuel main engine

and dual fuel auxiliary boiler to allow

the use of LNG as a fuel source when at

berth

– to generate electricity and

steam/hotwater,

– Gas consumption of the dual fuel

engine is supplied by onshore LNG

truck (no LNG tank onboard).

� Regular 7-day-schedule calling

Hamburg, Le Havre, Southampton,

Zeebrugge and Rotterdam throughout

the entire year

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Technical solution for LNG fuelling

� Pressure Build Up as safe & simple transfer

system

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� Reliable, safe fuelling system

� Reduction of possible sources of

release next to the vessel (less

flange connections compared to

a pump solution)

� Fuel preparation room

� Safety zone around the LNG

truck

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Safety concept for LNG Fuelling of AIDAPrima

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Extensive safety concept developed for

LNG fuelling operation (5 s for ESD)

� Double walled hose including

monitoring system

� LNG tank safety valves connected

with the vent system of the vessel

� QCDC couplings and dry break away

coupling for fuelling hose and vent

line

� Safety related valves are fail-safe-

close (in case of loss of electrical

energy supply (blackout), service air,

control signals)

� Gas detection at the truck manifold

� CCTV

� Fire fighting equipment

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Safety Analysis

� Risk analysis for:

– Onboard system

– Transfer System

– Simultaneous operation

� Quantitative Risk Assessment

for the different Ports

– Location specific risk

– Societal risk criteria

� Dispersion Analysis

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0.00 0.06

km

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Operators Experience

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� Original concept was a pumped solution

– Needed to be changed due to logistics and operational reasons

– Working closely with partners (Marine Services and DNV GL) developed

pressure build up system in short time

– Also required QRAs to be revalidated

� Initial safety distances were too large to allow SIMOPS

– Double walled hose and reduced activation ESD solved this

� Original supply partners dropped out in late 2015

– Required quick selection of new supplier and haulier

� Approval process

– Not consistent despite all ports being in EU

– Different approval process required – complicated by truck to ship delivery

– Different risk acceptance criteria applied

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Lessons Learnt

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� Choose partners – LNG supplier, Class, Flag, Ports, etc with care

– Ensure there is shared and common understanding of safety and

environmental objectives

– Be ready to help educate those that are not familiar with LNG

� Leverage existing experience in this space - join SGMF

� Regular updates critical

– Make sure that everyone is kept well informed of status of project and critical

deliverable dates etc

� Be prepared for setbacks and ready to intervene if necessary

� Training, exercises and planning are critical

– Dry runs invaluable. What works on paper does not always work in practice

– Crew training on actual equipment essential, particularly interaction between

ship & truck operators

– Accidents will happen but can be mitigated by training and readiness to act

� LNG as fuel is not the same as LNG as Cargo

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So is LNG the answer?

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� LNG is the only alternative fuel which is already logistically available

worldwide in quantities to meet shipping demand.

� The environmental footprint of LNG as fuel is by far lower than the

footprint of HFO with Scrubber or MGO.

� Yes, LNG has the potential to become the most relevant fuel solution

for environmentally sustainable shipping.

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Fuel Cells / Hydrogen as fuel

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Design concept for a zero-emission ferry

battery

system fuel cell system

H2-tanks Flettner rotors

podded propulsors

source: Scandlines 2012

• 4 double end ferries

• one departure every 30 minutes

• very short time in harbour

• speed between 15 and 21 knots

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SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

www.dnvgl.com

Thank you for your kind attention!

38

Benjamin Scholz Hans-Günther Albers

Benjamin.scholz@dnvgl.com hans-guenther.albers@dnvgl.com

+49 40 36149 1825 +49 40 36149 5551