LMWG Update

David Lawrence NCAR Earth System Laboratory

NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation

Progress with CLM4 development (for November CESM1.1 release)

– High resolution global raw input datasets (~5 – 10 km)

• PFTs, lake area, glacier area, soil texture, etc

– High resolution River Transport Model option (0.1o)

• Works in CESM except with 0.1o ocean

– RTM as its own component in CESM

– Multi-ensemble mode for CLM

– Update to MEGAN model for BVOC’s,

• replaces 5 hardcoded VOC's with solution allowing up to 150

– Better snow accumulation/loss diagnostics

CLM4.5 May 2013

Biases in CLM4: GPP, LAI, and ET

MODIS Obs

Biases in CLM4: Soil carbon stocks (Permafrost-Carbon feedback)

CLM4CN GSDT Obs

CLM4CN

CLM4CN - Obs

Impact of nitrogen on terrestrial carbon fluxes

Bonan and Levis (2010) conclude:

In the near term, the influence of carbon‐nitrogen biogeochemistry in CLM on the concentration‐carbon feedback, not the climate‐carbon feedback, is the dominant uncertainty

CLM

Carbon accumulation rate (PgC / yr, 1973-2004)

CONC CLIM

C-only 1.43 -0.37

CN 0.48 0.01

CLM at AGU

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Presentations with CLM in abstract or title

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% of AGU presentations that included CLM

Model Development Process

Model release (CESM1/CLM4) Detailed model

assessment (identify strengths and weaknesses)

LMWG members develop

parameterizations or add features

Present ideas/results at LMWG meetings

Publish papers

Plans for next (and next next) model

version discussed at LMWG meetings

Build and test beta version of offline model

Finalize and test within

CESM Use model for

scientific studies

Evaluate competing parameterizations

Document; Control integrations

https://wiki.ucar.edu/display/ccsm/Community+Land+Model+Developers+Guide

Progress with CLM4.5 development (for May 2013 release)

– Revised photosynthesis model, multilayer canopy option

– CENTURY-like vertically resolved soil biogeochemistry (option or base?)

– New lake model

– CH4 emissions (coupling to CAM working)

– Multiple urban classes

– Crop model improvements: Interactive fertilization, biological soy N fixation, new C:N ratios, N retranslocation, separate organs pool, connect crops and irrigation, crops always on separate landunit

– 2 to 3x faster CN spinup procedure

– C13 / C14 enabled

Progress with CLM4.5 development (for May 2013 release)

– Cold region hydrology updates (perched water table, impedance)

– Snow model updates

– RTM variable flow rates based on slope

– 2-way CLM / RTM interactions (flooding)

– Prognostic wetland distribution model (eliminate wetland landunit, what about coastlines???)

– Spatially variable base flow coeff, cleanup recharge/water table calc

Validation, testing, and tweaking (ongoing up to the release)

• All developers are encouraged to examine the code and model output and provide feedback

• C-LAMP, preliminary ILAMB, CLM diagnostics package, tower site simulations and analysis

– Not many resources at NCAR to make this robust, but we should continue to try to build a better testing / validation system as we proceed with CLM4.5 testing

• Parameter calibration

– Still by hand, unlikely that an automated parameter calibration system will be useable for CLM4.5 (through CSSEF, ?)

CLM4.5 beta ready for testing and evaluation

• Starting the process of testing and evaluating CLM4.5

• Diagnostics and metrics

– International Land Model Benchmarking Project

– CLM diagnostics package (old and in need of update)

– C-LAMP

– Tower sites

Progress with CLM4.5 development

– 2-layer model for soil litter in CN

– VIC hydrology (option)

– Revised fire model with anthropogenic triggers and suppression

– Ecosystem Demography (option)

– Riverine transport of nutrients and in stream chemistry

– Water isotopes

Bare Gd

Shrub

C4

C3 NL tree

BL tree

1 y.o. 5 y.o.

15 y.o.

30 y.o. 60 y.o.

90 y.o.

ED

Time since disturbance-based tile structure.

PFT-based tile structure.

Progress with CLM4.5 development

– CLM4.5 as an option, maintain ability to revert to CLM4

– Dynamic landunits (e.g., glacier to vegetated transitions)

– WRF / CLM

– Bare soil roughness length and friction velocity parameter change (global testing inconclusive)

– N-storage pool (?)

– Phosphorous

– Issue with hydrological response to land cover change

Absorbed solar

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Reflected solar

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Momentum flux Wind speed

Soil heat flux

Evaporation

Melt

Sublimation

Throughfall

Infiltration Surface

runoff

Evaporation

Transpiration

Precipitation

Heterotrophic respiration

Photosynthesis

Autotrophic respiration

Litterfall

N uptake

Vegetation C/N

Root litter Soil C/N

N mineralization

Fire

Surface energy fluxes Hydrology

Biogeochemical cycles

SCF

Aerosol deposition

Bedrock

Soil (sand, clay, organic)

Unconfined aquifer Sub-surface

runoff

Aquifer recharge

Phenology

BVOCs

Water table

Soil

Dust

Saturated fraction

N dep N fixation

Denitrification N leaching

Glacier

Lake

River Routing

Runoff

River discharge

Urban

Land Use Change

Wood harvest

Disturbance

Vegetation Dynamics

Growth

Competition Wetland

Absorbed solar

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Reflected solar

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Momentum flux Wind speed

Ground heat flux

Evaporation

Melt

Sublimation

Throughfall

Infiltration Surface

runoff

Evaporation

Transpiration

Precipitation

Heterotrop. respiration

Photosynthesis

Autotrophic respiration

Litterfall

N uptake

Vegetation C/N

Soil C/N N mineralization

Fire

Surface energy fluxes Hydrology

Biogeochemical cycles

Aerosol deposition

Soil (sand, clay, organic)

Sub-surface runoff

Aquifer recharge

Phenology

BVOCs

Water table

Soil

Dust

Saturated fraction

N dep N fix

Denitrification N leaching

CH4

Root litter

N2O SCF

Surface water

Bedrock Unconfined aquifer

Glacier

Lake

River Routing

Runoff

River discharge

Urban

Land Use Change

Wood harvest

Disturbance

Ecosystem Demography

Growth

Competition Wetland Crops Irrigation Flooding

[N]

Refactoring of CLM

• Goal: make CLM more extensible, easier to test, and easier to maintain

– Remove CPPs

– Pull hard coded parameters into external file

– Clarify and rationalize filter usage

– Introduce options for history file field archiving to reduce data volume (production, model development, everything)

– Modify array indexing

– Work towards more modular code

Beyond CLM4.5

Other ongoing CLM development activities

– Sub-surface hydrological processes – lateral redistribution of water

– Sub-grid PFT distribution (elevation dependence)

– Sub-grid soil moisture and snow heterogeneity

– IAM-ESM coupling (iESM) (SDWG)

– Soil microbial dynamics, multi-phase transport, multiple tracers in soil (CLM4-BeTR)

– Spatially explicit soil depth

– Peatlands

– Excess soil ice in permafrost / thermokarst

– Ozone poisoning of vegetation

– Data assimilation

– 3-D canopy radiation

– Prognostic canopy air space / chemistry

Comparison over MOPEX basins (Annual LH)

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Mean annual LH over MOPEX basins

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20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

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Late

nt h

eat (

W/m

2 )

MODIS latent heat (W/m2)

Mean latent heat (2000-2007)

CLM (50.6)

CLMVIC (48.1)

NOAH (57.0)

VIC (62.1)

MOSAIC (80.1)

1:1 line MODIS (46.2)

Mean annual runoff over MOPEX basins

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800

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1,200

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Mod

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imul

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n (m

m)

USGS observation (mm)

Mean annual total runoff

CLM (400)

CLMVIC (427)

NOAH (458)

VIC (504)

MOSAIC (438)

1:1 line USGS (403)

CLM4.5 Tech Note and Technical Documentation

• Keith is coordinating Tech Note

• Contact Keith and he can distribute relevant chapter which you should update directly and send back to Keith for inclusion in the CLM4.5 Tech Note

– Need to use Microsoft Word with MathType

– When referencing equations from other Tech Note chapters, reference them as in CLM4 and we will update if that equation number changes

• Erik is coordinating Documentation

– If new component or feature requires specific documentation, work with Erik to write and implement it into the CLM Technical Documentation

Validation, testing, and tweaking (ongoing up to the release)

• All developers should feel free to look at results from beta CLM4.5 simulations and provide feedback and suggestions

• C-LAMP, preliminary ILAMB, CLM diagnostics package, tower site simulations and analysis

– Not many resources at NCAR to make this robust, but we should continue to try to build a better testing / validation system as we proceed with CLM4.5 testing

• Parameter calibration

– Still by hand, unlikely that an automated parameter calibration system will be useable for CLM4.5 (through CSSEF, ?)

Current Branches and Trunk

CLM Trunk

• PIO and other script changes

• Testing changes • High-res surface

data • VOC • Multi-instance

CLM4.5 Science Branch

• BGC, GPP, lake, CH4, bug fixes

Permafrost Sims Branch

• BGC, GPP, lake, CH4, bug fixes

• Hydrology, snow • Cleaned up code

•RTM component •Flood

•BGC, GPP, CH4, lake, bug fixes •Urban, crop •Hydrology, snow •Cleaned up code

•BGC, GPP, lake, CH4, bug fixes •Urban, crop •Hydrology, snow •Cleaned up code •RTM component, flood

•BGC, GPP, lake, CH4, bug fixes •Urban, crop

- Merge of Permafrost Sims and CLM4.5 Science Branch imminent - This tag will be recommended tag for bringing in new development

Merge of CLM4.5 science branch up to trunk ~Oct/Nov

CESM1.1: High resolution input datasets (-hires option in mksrfdat.pl)

Input dataset CLM4 resolution Updated resolution Status

PFT distribution 0.5o (MODIS) 3’ (MODIS) x

LAI / SAI 0.5o (MODIS) 0.5o (MODIS) x (?)

% Glacier 0.5o (IGBP DISCover)

1km (Gardner) [Bill] ?

% Lake, Lake depth 0.5o (Cogley, 1991) 3’ (GLWD) x

% Wetland 0.5o (Cogley, 1991) Prognostic x

% Urban 0.5o (?) 3’ Jackson et al. 2010 x

Soil texture (%sand, %clay)

5’ (IGBP) 5’ (IGBP for now; ISRIC-WISE for multiple soil classes) [Johann]

x

Soil organic matter 1.0o (IGBP) 5’ (ISRIC-WISE/NCSCD) [Dave] x

Soil color 0.5o (MODIS) 0.5o (MODIS) x

Fmax 0.5o 0.125o calc from HydroSHEDS x

RTM Directional Map 0.5o 0.1o x

Irrigation/Crop types 5’ 5’ (Navin) [Sam] X

Topography (GLCMEC) 10’ (USGS) 1km ?? (USGS) x

VOC Emission factors ?