Physical Science Final Review Honors

Vocabulary: Look up definitions for the following words.

1. Hypothesis

2. Independent variable

3. Dependent variable

4. Control group

5. Experimental group

6. Constants

7. Evaporating

8. Condensation

9. Element

10. Compound

11. Heterogeneous mixture

12. Homogeneous mixture

13. Physical property

14. Chemical property

15. Boyle’s Law

16. Charles’ Law

17. Gay-Lussac’s Law

18. Kinetic Theory of Matter

19. Law of Conservation of Energy

20. Law of Conservation of Mass

21. Proton

22. Neutron

23. Electron

24. Valence electron

25. Ion

26. Isotope

27. Ionic bond

28. Covalent bond

29. Oxidation number

30. Electronegativity

31. Exothermic

32. Endothermic

33. Newton’s 1st Law

34. Newton’s 2nd Law

35. Newton’s 3rd Law

36. Mass

37. Weight

38. Potential energy

39. Kinetic energy

40. Specific heat

41. Voltage

42. Current

43. Resistance

44. Series circuit

45. Parallel circuit

46. SolenoidUnit 1: Scientific Method and Measurement

1. Given an experimental situation, be able to identify the hypothesis, independent and dependent variable, experimental and control group, and constants.

Practice Question: Rupert hypothesizes that Copernicus the fish will swim more if the water is warm. For a week, he timed how often Copernicus swam in room temperature water. The next week, he heated the water to 85° F. He found that Copernicus swam for 3 hours a day in week 1 and 7 hours a day during week 2.a. What is the control trial? The experimental trial?b. What are the dependent and independent variables?c. According to the data, was Rupert’s hypothesis correct?

2. Convert between metric unitsa. 3 m = ____ mm b. 42 kg = _____ cg c. 13 mL = ____ kL

3. English metric conversionsa. 40 inches = ______ cm b. 20 km = _____ miles

Unit 2: Properties of Matter4. Draw the atomic structures for solids, liquids, and gases.5. Name each phase change. In which phase changes does energy increase? Decrease?

a. Solid liquid b. Liquid gas c. Gas liquid d. Liquid solid6. What is the difference between a physical and a chemical change? Give an example for each.7. Describe and give an example of an element, a compound, a heterogeneous mixture, and a homogeneous

mixture.8. Calculate the density of a substance if it has a volume of 50 mL and a mass of 200 grams.9. In a density column, where is the densest liquid? The least dense?

a. If I drop an object with a density of 0.50 g/cm3 into the beaker, where will it come to rest?

b. If I drop an object with a density of 2.00 g/cm3 into the beaker, where will it come to rest?

10. Given a phase change graph, how do you know where the phase change is occurring?Unit 3: Properties of Fluids

11. Boyle’s Law- how does the pressure affect volume of a gas?12. Charles’ law- how does temperature affect volume?13. Gay-Lussac’s law- how does temperature affect pressure?14. Kinetic theory of matter- how does temperature affect atomic motion?15. Law of Conservation of Energy16. Law of Conservation of Mass

Unit 4: Atomic Theory and Structure17. What are the charge, location, and mass of each subatomic particle (proton, neutron, electron)?18. Why is the atomic mass on the Periodic Table a decimal? How does it relate to the different isotopes of each

element?19. Find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a given element:20. Draw Bohr models and Lewis dot models for a given element:21. How does electronegativity change across a column in the Periodic Table? Down a row?22. Which elements are most likely to form positive ions?23. Which elements are most likely to form negative ions?24. What is an isotope?25. Which families of elements are the most reactive? The least reactive?

Unit 5: Chemical Reactions26. How are ionic bonds formed? Covalent bonds?27. Calculate oxidation numbers for elements.28. Identify compounds as either ionic or covalent and give them the appropriate name.

a. CO b. P4010 c. MgO d. Na2O29. What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions?30. Classify reactions as synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, or double displacement.

a. Na + Cl NaCl c. AlN + K K3N + Alb. H2O H2 + O d. MgO + NaCl NaO2 + MgCl2

31. Write equations involving polyatomic ionsa. Lithium nitride mixes with beryllium carbonate b. magnesium phosphate mixes with iodine

32. Be able to balance chemical equations.a. H2 + O 2H2O b. S8 + O2 SO2

33. What are four factors that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction?Unit 6: Motion

34. Calculate velocity, acceleration, and forcea. How long does it take a giraffe running at a speed of 33 m/s to run 200 meters?b. A car initially traveling at a speed of 16m/s accelerates to a speed of 20 m/s 36 seconds. What is its

acceleration?c. What is the mass of an object accelerating at a rate of 32 m/s2 with a force of 2300 N?d. A 75 kg runner speeds up from 3 m/s to 6 m/s in 2 seconds. What is the force acting on the runner?

35. Motion graphsa.

b.

36. Know Newton’s Laws of motionUnit 7: Forces and Gravity

37. How does changing gravity affect mass? Weight?38. What is the weight of a 250 kg car on Earth?39. On Planet Z, a 70 kg astronaut weighs 140 N. What is the acceleration due to gravity on Planet Z?40. Does each situation describe PE, KE, or both?

a. A bird sitting on a branch b. A bird flying in the air c. A bird walking across the ground41. Where does the ball have the most PE? KE?

42. Calculate the energy of a 100 kg runner traveling at 2 m/s.43. A 30 kg rock is sitting at the top of a 18 m hill. Calculate its energy.

Unit 8: Electricity and Magnetism

46. Which direction to charges in a circuit flow?47. Ohm’s Law problems: A 25 V battery is connected to three resistors, 3 Ω, 5 Ω, and 15 Ω.

a. Find the total resistance and current if they are connected in series.b. Find the total resistance and current if they are connected in parallel.

48. How do magnetic fields flow?49. Understand Earth’s magnetic field—where is its magnetic north? Magnetic south?50. What is a solenoid and how do you increase its strength?

i. Calculate Marie’s speed from A to B.ii. Where does Marie stop?iii. Where does Marie turn around?

i. What is the acceleration of this object from 2-4 seconds?ii. What is happening from 4-8 seconds?iii. What happens at second 8?

44. What is the relationship between specific heat and conductivity?

45. What is the mass of a sample of water (c = 4186) that heats up from 45°C to 48°C when 20,000 J of energy is applied?