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LLEA 471B Title for Italy: The Devil, Hell, and Tales of the Fall: Italian Art and Literature (W-focus pending) [UHM title: LLEA 471 Fantasy and the Fantastic (B) fairies, devils and fantasy] Note: syllabus and title for Italy pending final approval and fomatting. Dates/visits may change due to class scheduling and museum opening times. LdM course XXX FALL 2015 Day: xx-xx am Prof. Kathryn Hoffmann

Credit hours: 3 Contact hours: 45 Additional costs: approx. XX Euro (details at point 10) Teacher contact/availability: available to see students individually by appointment after class xx - xx pm. Contact the professor at: hoffmann@hawaii.edu 1 - DESCRIPTION This is a course on the construction of images of the underworld and Hell and on images of the Devil in literature, religion and art. The course has special focus on: • The construction of notions of a place after death: in Etruscan necropolises, Greek

and Roman mythology (especially as expressed in Roman mosaic art), and the many depictions of Hell in Italian literature (Dante) and Florentine art

• The Devil in literature, art, and illustrated bibles. The voyage will start in Dante's Inferno and class visits will retain the sense of traveling through visions of Hell while visiting some of the many Florentine images of Hell. Florence has arguably the world's most concentrated and most spectacular collection of paintings, frescoes and mosaics depicting Hell. Sites include: Duomo, Baptistry, Santa Maria Novella (church and museum), San Marco, Brancacci Chapel, Santa Croce, Boboli Gardens, Opera del Duomo Museum, and others. Throughout Florence, frog-headed, chicken-footed, serpent-tailed, and multi-hued demons torture sinners in a mind-boggling number of ways.

• Illustrated Medieval bibles and Renaissance paintings offer a different image of evil; a coiling serpent or a dragon with the head of a pretty young woman tempts Eve to her Fall. This particular image of the Fall while widespread in Europe from the Medieval period until about the seventeenth century, is particularly visible in Italy, especially in Florence, where there are several major examples.

Required and optional excursions to museums, churches, monasteries, the Boboli Gardens, and to see rare illustrated bibles in the national library (pending) are part of this course. Climb the steps of the Duomo to see the fantastic, giant ceiling painting of Hell, count the woman-headed serpents around Florence, learn about themes in art, and visions of the atferlife and Hell, while reading one of Italy's most enduring pieces of literature. 2 - OBJECTIVES, GOALS and OUTCOMES Students will

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• define and identify images of the Devil and discuss related themes and images in Medieval and Renaissance literature, art, and illustrated Bibles

• research, view similarities among and distinguish among images of the underworld (the afterlife, Hades, Hell, etc.), noting stages in the historical, cultural and religious construction of an afterlife. Sources will include Roman mythology and mosaics, Etruscan necropolises, Catholic Bibles and Italian works of literature (Dante) and Italian art, with an emphasis on Florence (churches, monasteries, and illustrated bibles)

• research, discuss and present different images of the fall including Roman mythology, Judaism and Christianity, and Medieval and Renaissance art. Versions of the fall to include: the fall of the Titans/Giants (Roman myth and a Renaissance vision in Italy in Palazzo Te); Judaism and Christianity (Book of Enoch: fall of the Watcher angels) and with particular emphasis on images of the Fall of Eve and Adam and Eve from paradise in Medieval and Renaissance art, illustrated bibles and prayer books when tempted by a woman-headed serpent

• contribute not only to the understanding of the history of imagination/art in Italy but to its creation by selecting imaginative works/works of art to analyze and/or by contributing new imaginative works created by the students in the context of Florence

• situate the art of Florence in larger contexts in Italy and Europe in order to grasp relationships and differences

• actively engage in the host culture by visiting museums, churches, and cloisters • appreciate variations in viewpoints from the different historical periods under

study

The course is held in English, although students may read Dante in either English or Italian (see point 9). 3 - PREREQUISITES This is a non-introductory interdisciplinary course in the fields of literature, art, myth and religion. Students enrolling must have taken one previous course in literature, art history, history (in any area of historical study, including but not restricted to history, art history, social history, cultural history etc.), anthropology, archaeology, sociology, religion, psychology or mythology, or any other course requiring thought and analysis. On the first day, students will be asked to indicate the previous class taken. 4 – METHOD This class involves lecture, image presentations by professor and students, writing and group discussion. Lectures and discussions are based on the readings, on material and images that will be presented in class, material encountered on-site in class visits and/or in student research. Students must complete all assigned readings before class so that we can discuss them. Course will incorporate some site visits as part of classes. Other visits will be done outside of class with the professor or independently. Readings will be done in English. Dante may be read in Italian, at the option of the student. See point 9.

5 - ASSESSMENT During the semester, students will be evaluated through I. Weekly writing assignments 60% II. Class presentations: two research assignments to be presented in class: 20% III. Participation during classes and site visits = 20%

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Weekly writing: Students will write at least one page per week. A list of weekly topics, suggestions styles, and options will be provided on the first day of class. Writing assignments must be completed each week (i.e. not left until the end of the semester) as they will often serve as the basis of class discussion, will orient class visits and students' attention during the visits, and/or allow students to explore concepts in ethics and imagination. They will vary in topic, writing style, approach and content, tied to the discussions of the week they are assigned. They will involve one or more of the following: research, active engagement with sites, interpretation and analysis and/or imaginative/creative work that shows comprehension of the problems, texts, artworks, or approaches of the lessons. Two will be presented in class (see section II) and submitted in writing. Weeks for presentation will be weeks 7 and 8 and weeks 13 and14. See detailed instructions on writing handout at the end of the syllabus.

Should issues of academic dishonesty arise (plagiarism, etc.), the professor will refer to the LdM written rules 6 - EXAMS This course has no exams but it has required written and oral work that must be prepared, researched, written, and handed in or presented on the dates indicated on the syllabus.

Remember that the dates of the assignments can NOT be changed for any reason, so please organize your personal schedule accordingly. 7 - EVALUATION and GRADING SYSTEM 60% Weekly writing assignments 20% Class presentations: two assignments to be presented in class 20% Participation during classes and site visits The following grading system will be observed: 0 - 59 = F, 60 - 69 = D, 70 - 72 = C-, 73 - 76 = C, 77 - 79 = C+, 80 - 82 = B-, 83 - 86 = B, 87 - 89 = B+, 90 - 92 = A-, 93 - 100 = A 8 - ATTENDANCE and BEHAVIOUR Mandatory attendance is a primary requirement for a responsible learning experience at LdM. Please note that: • if the student misses THREE classes, the Final grade will be lowered by one full

letter grade. • If more than THREE classes are missed, the final grade will be “F” and NO credits

will be given for this course. It is the responsibility of the student to keep track of his or her absences and to catch up on any missed work due to absences or lateness. Punctuality is mandatory. Students must arrive in class on time: any lateness, leaving class during the lesson without notice, not showing up on time after the break, or leaving earlier, will impact the participation grade and the Final Grade. Three late arrivals or

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equivalent (10 minutes or more) result in one absence on the attendance count. Missing half a lesson or more will be considered as one full absence. Make-up classes are always mandatory since part of the course program. If a class occasionally creates conflict with another class, the student is required to inform both instructors in advance. The instructors will then share a written excuse for the class going to be missed. Students may NOT keep cell phones or Blackberry systems switched on during class. If your cell phone rings or noise is heard from any electronic device, you will be assigned a special presentation to be done in the next class. Laptop computers may be used for note taking only and with the professor’s prior permission. Wireless internet may not be switched on during classes. Wireless internet may not be switched on during classes unless the professor has authorized an exception in order for students to do an internet search during class on a specific topic. Use of a laptop for any reason other than taking notes will result in your laptop not being allowed into the classroom again. Students are required to behave properly within the school premises. Classrooms are to be left in order and clean. Disabilities and special needs. I want my classroom to be accessible and as comfortable as possible for anyone with any difference, disability, condition, or special need. If there is something I can do to make life easier, please let me know. Students with learning disabilities are required to contact their LdM Advisor or LdM Dean of students. University of Hawaii students: If you feel you need reasonable accommodations because of the impact of a disability, please 1) contact the KOKUA Program (V/T) at 956-7511 or 956-7612 in room 013 of the QLCSS at the University of Hawaii; 2) speak to me privately if you wish to discuss your needs. I will be happy to work with you and the KOKUA Program to meet your access needs related to your documented disability. Academic dishonesty: should issues of academic dishonesty arise (plagiarism and so on), the teacher will refer to the LdM written policy on such matters. 9 - READINGS & SOURCES Required Readings: Books: 1. Dante, Inferno. Trans. A. Mandelbaum (Bantam Classics1982) ISBN-10:

9780553213393 $6.95* 2. Lorenzo Lorenzi: Devils in Art: Florence (available in Florence in English)

Note: Dante may be read in either English or Italian (edition ordered contains both). Class discussion will be in English, NOTE: the required textbooks have already been ordered for you , and they are available at Feltrinelle International, Via Cavour 12. LdM students receive a 15% discount. The required books can be consulted at the LdM school library.

Packet

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Excerpts from: Book of Enoch; Apocalypse of Moses; Ovid's Metamorphoses; Virgil's Aeneid; illustrated Bibles (numerous), Petrus Comestor's Historia Scholastica; images from archaeological sites; Alice Turner, History of Hell Article: Nona Flores: "'Effigies amicitiae...veritas inimicitiae': Antifeminism in the Iconography of the Woman-Headed Serpent in Medieval and Renaissance Art and Literature" in Nona C. Flores, ed., Animals in the Middle Ages: A Book of Essays, New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1996, 167-195

NOTE: The packet may be purchased in Florence at: copystore TBA. 10 - ADDITIONAL COSTS Throughout the course students will spend approx. X Euro as follows: * Euro required for mandatory readings (details at point 9) Approx. * Euro required for visits / trips (details at point 11) 11 - VISITS and TRIPS During the semester there will be visits to museums, galleries and to churches of worldwide importance and fundamental for the course. They are mandatory and count as regular attendance. They usually take place during regular class time (unless specified differently, due to specific time schedules). These visits require students to pay regular entry. The school tries to get reduced or free class entry whenever possible (see list of visits below). The professor will collect the fees (total of X Euro) during the second class. The following visits will be included in the course. Some will be done as part of the class, others will be done by students independently or accompanied by the professor outside of class (see point 13) Planned visits to include: • Duomo, Baptistry, Santa Maria Novella (church and cloister), San Marco, Brancacci

Chapel, Santa Croce, Boboli Gardens, Opera del Duomo Museum, and others • Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze (Rare Books) for rare illustrated bibles For detailed dates, addresses, meeting points and entries for mandatory visits with the professor see the daily schedule at point 13. Note: visits may be in our out of class depending on opening times, may be changed or substutited if sites are closed or works are in restoration, etc. For visits/field trips, students must: • be able to walk across Florence at good clip so we do not spend too much time on

transit. If you have a mobility problem, inform the professor and LdM on or before the first day of class

• block off the times for all mandatory excursions and be available for them • know exact meeting points and time for each scheduled visit. Late arrival, getting

lost, no-shows, etc. are considered absences. We may be doing multiple sites on any given excursion and/or opening hours may be changed by the sites without notice. You need to be on time in case of changes beyond the professor’s control. We cannot wait until you arrive.

• wear appropriate clothing for churches: i.e. no shorts or sleeveless shirts for men or women, no t-shirts with offensive slogans, no high heels that will resound on church

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floors etc. Remember that these remain active houses of worship for others and you must respect them

• behave in respectful and scholarly fashion. Voices should be lowered, especially in churches, where voices should be kept to a whisper so as not to disturb anyone worshipping. In all cases (chuches, museums, gardens, library, etc.), these are intellectual field trips. Running, shouting, loud laughing, and any other behavior that would interrupt the visits of other museum or library patrons or those worshipping in churches will not be tolerated.

12 - MATERIALS NA 13A- CLASS SCHEDULE 1. Sept. X Introduction to course and to the required work. IN CLASS: Hell; notions, incluences, perceptions, preconceptions, questions (among others "Why is there a hydra in Hell on the ceiling of the Duomo?") Pre-­‐writing   exercise   (group   exercise   in   class).   Use   of   brainstorming/quick   writing/analytical  techniques   in   small   and   large   groups   to   stimulate   thought,   select   topics,   and   write   in   a   less  constrained  and  yet  academically  rich  manner.

From the Afterlife to Hell and Images of the Devil 2. Sept. X. Afterlife, Greek/Roman notions of Hades, tales of Pluto, Proserpina, Ceres To prepare: readings from packet on Roman mythology (Virgil, Ovid) and mosaics, including myths of Prosperpina Ceres and mythology especially related to Sicily (Demeter's Temple at Enna). More modern visions: (Luca Giordano, Rape of Proserpina in Plazao Medici-Riccardi, others) Writing: see writing handout 3. Sept. XX. Other visions of the afterlife: Etruscan Necropolises and Cities of the Dead material in packet and internet researches to be done before class. Discussion in class based on student research. excerpt: Turner, History of Hell Writing to hand in and use in class discussion: see writing handout 4.Sept. XX Dante, Inferno and the Florence Iconography of Hell: Duomo and Baptistry Dante’s Inferno, cantos 1-9 Visit: Baptistry and Duomo (may be scheduled outside class meeting time this week) Writing: see writing handout

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5. Oct X. Dante, Inferno Dante’s Inferno, cantos 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18. 19 Illustrators of the Inferno, introduction Writing to hand in: see writing handout

6. Oct. XX. Dante’s Inferno, cantos 21, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34 Visit: San Marco Writing: see writing handout 7.Oct. XX Dante's illustrators/other visions of Hell: student presentations Writing: see writing handout

xx- xx Fall Break 8. Oct. XX Dante's illustrators:/other visions of Hell student presentation .Writing to hand in: see writing handout Hand in all writing assignments, weeks 2-8 II. FALLS (of the Giants, the Angels, Eve and Adam) 9. Nov. X The fall of the giants and the fall of the watcher angels Roman myth: The Fall of the Giants/Titans A Renaissance version of the Fall of the Titans: Palazzo Te Book of Enoch; the fall of the Watcher Angels. Writing: see writing handout 10.

Nov. XX The Fall of Eve and Adam and the Devil and woman mix: the woman-headed serpent in Medieval Illustrated Bibles and Renaissance Art

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Reading: Nona Flores (on the woman-headed serpent) imagery: Medieval illustrated bibles visit: National Library rare books (with permission) to be scheduled Independent visit: Boboli Gardens for sculpture of Adam and Eve Writing: see writing handout 11. Nov. XX. The Devil and woman mix: site visits Reading: Petrus Comestor, excerpt, Apocalypse of Moses, excerpt Visit: Brancacci Chapel, meeting at XX 12. nov. X The Devil and woman mix: the woman-headed serpent in Medieval Illustrated Bibles and Renaissance Art, cont. Reading: Nona Flores (on the woman-headed serpent, Comesor and Apocalypse of Moses, continued) Independent visit required this week: S. Maria Novella Writing: see writing handout 13. Dec. X

student presentations: A guide to the underworld and the Devil in Italy (beyond Florence) Writing: see writing handout 14. Dec. XX student presentations continue: A guide to the underworld and the Devil in Italy (beyond Florence) Writing: see writing handout Hand in all writing assignments, weeks 8-14

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LLEA  471B,  Grading  Details  and  Writing  Topics     Prof.  Kathryn  Hoffmannn    I.  Written  work  (60%  of  final  grade).  See  list  of  weekly  topics/styles  below,  pp.  12-­‐14.    For  the  first  half  of  the  semester,  written  work  will  be  handed  in  every  other  week.  I  will  grade/comment  on  it  and  return  it.  You  may  rewrite   to   attempt   to   improve   your   grade.   See   detailed   syllabus   (under   point   13A   class  schedule)   for   days   on  which   assignments   are   to   be   handed   in   and/or   presented   in   class.  Grading  breakdown  for  written  work:  25%  Development,  amount  of  work,  degree  of  completion  of  assignment  

• Excellent:     student   does   significantly   more   than   expected,   shows   time   and   effort  were  put  into  writing  

• Good:    student  writes  more  than  the  minimum  • Acceptable:    student  does  the  minimum  number  of  questions/topics  • Unacceptable:   does   not   complete,   completes   partially,   or   answers   are   too   sketchy  

for  full  credit  25%  Thought.  Complexity,  depth,  elegance  of  reflection  and/or  imagination  

• Excellent:    writing  shows  impressive  depth  of  thought,  impressive  ability  to  handle  a  complex   topic.   Uses   complex   examples   or   ideas   rather   than   simple   ones.       Shows  ability   to   find,   reveal   or   construct     concepts   (depending   on   topic)   with   some  elegance.    No  significant  weaknesses  in  any  area.  

• Good:   writing   shows   solid   depth   of   thought,   above-­‐average   ability   to   handle   a  complex   topic.   Avoids   simple   examples   or   ideas.       Shows   ability   to   find,   reveal   or  construct    concepts  (depending  on  topic)  well.    No  significant  weaknesses  or  some  minor  weakness  that  does  not  affect  overall  quality.  

• Acceptable:  competent  with  enough  examples  or   thought.  Choices  are  not  bad,  but  rather   obvious.   Could   use   more   examples   and/or   better   development.     Might   or  might  not  have  errors.  

• Unacceptable:    major  errors,  inability  to  handle  basic  concepts  of  the  course,  failure  to  do  any  research  or  demonstrate  attention  during  site  visits  

25%  Substance:  Research,  comprehension  of  material,  attention  to  details  during  site  visits,  and/or  imaginative  content  (depending  on  weekly  topic).  Although  writing  topics  and  styles  will  vary,  the  following  categories  will  apply:  

• Excellent:  Work  is  impressive  in  one  or  more  of  the  following  areas  depending  on  the  topic  and  assignment:  number  of  examples  and  detail,  providing  evidence  of  acute  attention  during  a  visit;  outstanding  content;  unusually  solid  grasp  and  use  of  course  material;  relies  on  significant  sources;  adds  important  material/  knowledge  or  vision  to  the  course.        

• Good:  Work  is  above  average  and  generally  solid  in  one  or  more  of  the  following  areas  depending  on  the  topic  and  assignment:  number  of  examples  and  detail,  providing  evidence  of    sustained  attention  during  a  visit;    above-­‐minimal  content;  solid  grasp  and  use  of  course  material;  relies  on  significant  sources;  adds    material  or  knowledge  or  vision  to  the  course.  

• Acceptable:  Work  is  minimal  but  sufficient  in  one  or  more  of  the  following  areas  depending  on  the  topic  and  assignment:  number  of  examples  and  detail,  providing  evidence  of  at  least  minimal  attention  during  a  visit;    content  that  may  have  some  flaws  yet  be  acceptable;  minimal  expected  use  of  course  material  ;  relies  on  sources  of  uneven  quality;  adds  some  but  not  an  impressive  amount  material  or  knowledge  to  the  course.  

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• Unacceptable:  Work  is  not  handed  or  is  insufficient  in  one  or  more  of  the  following  areas  depending  on  the  topic  and  assignment:  number  of  examples  and  detail;  does  not  provide  evidence  of  at  least  minimal  attention  during  a  visit;    content  has  too  many  flaws  to  be  acceptable;  does  not  show  grasp  or  use  of  course  material;  relies  on  no  sources  or  on  sources  of  uneven  quality;  does  not  seek  to  or  fails  to  contribute  material  or  knowledge  or  vision  to  the  course.  

25%  Style  and  mechanics  • Excellent:  Style  is  impressively  academic  (i.e.  no  contractions,  use  of  "I"  or  "we"  for  

academic  writing),  or  does  excellent  job  fitting  any  other  assigned  style  (journalism,  guide-­‐book,  creative  writing,  etc.).  No  (or  extremely  limited)  grammatical,  spelling,  or   punctuation   errors.     Writing   is   impressively   clear,   logical,   structured   and  readable.  

• Good:  Style  is  academic  (i.e.  no  contractions,  use  of  "I"  or  "we"  for  academic  writing)  or   shows  more   than   the  minimal   effort   and   success   at   fitting   any   other   assigned  style   (journalism,   guide-­‐book,   creative   writing,   etc.).   Limited   grammatical   errors,  spelling,  or  punctuation  errors.    Writing  is  clear,  logical,  structured  and  readable.  

• Acceptable:  Style   is  academic  or  conforms   to  any  other  assigned  style   (journalism,  guide-­‐book,   creative   writing,   etc.).   May   have   some   limited   grammatical   errors,  spelling,  or  punctuation  errors.    Writing  is  mostly  clear    and  readable  but  may  have  some  flaws  in  structure  or  logic.  

• Unacceptable:     Writing   is   non-­‐academic,   does   not   fit   style   assigned,   may   have  significant  grammatical,  spelling  or  punctuation  errors  and/or  is  difficult  to  read.  

 Assignments  must  be  done  on  the  days  they  are  assigned  as  they  may  be  collected,  used  as  the  basis  of  that  class  discussion,  or  shared  in  class  for  the  benefit  of  the  learning  of  other  students.    Work  may  be  rewritten   in  an  attempt   to   improve   the  grade.   I  will  have  regular  hours   for  student  meetings  and  conferences  and  will  make  extra   time  available   if  needed.  Students  will  have  two  dates  on  which  to  submit  all  work  done  through  that  point.  See  the  specific  directions  on  the  writing  sheet.  Late  work  is  not  acceptable.    Grade  will  be  lowered  one  full  grade  for  every  day  work  is  late.    II.  Presentations  (20%  of  final  grade)  How  presentations  are  graded:  33%    Content  

• Excellent:  student  presents  an  outstanding  amount  of  material  succinctly  in  large  or  small  groups,  as  directed.  Points  are  clear  and  material  is  unquestionably  pertinent  to  class  topic  

• Good:    student  presents  a  significant  amount  of  material  succinctly  in  large  or  small  groups,  as  directed.  Points  are  clear  and  material  is  visibly  pertinent  to  class  topic  

• Acceptable   -­‐   presents   a   minimal   amount   of   material.   Pertinence   of   topic   may   be  there,  but  may  not  be  completely  clear  to  professor  and/or  peers.  

• Unacceptable:     failure   to   present,   presentation   of   a   topic   not   pertinent   to   class  discussion,  topic  unclearly  linked  to  class  or  insufficiently  developed  

 33%  Preparation  

• Excellent:   has   done   an   outstanding   job   in   preparation.   Student   has   mastered   the  content   of   the   presentation   and   can   handle   questions.   If   student   cannot   handle   a  question,  can  direct  audience  to  a  source.    

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• Good:     has   done   a   solid   but   not   outstanding   job   in   preparation.   Student   has  mastered   the   content   of   the   presentation   and   can   handle   questions.   If   student  cannot  handle  a  question,  can  direct  audience  to  a  source.    

• Acceptable:   Preparation   is   minimal   but   acceptable.     Student   has   mastered   an  acceptable  amount  of  content  of  the  presentation  but  could  have  done  more.  Will  be  able  to  answer  some  questions,  but  may  make  errors  or  display   lack  of  knowledge  or  cannot  direct  audience  to  another  source.  

 33%  Style  and  mechanics  of  the  presentation.  Voice  level  and  clarity,  eye  contact,  observes  time,  uses  images  as  required  

• Excellent:  Speaks  loudly  and  clearly  and  is  very  comprehensible  to  others.    Uses  eye  contact  extremely  well.    Speaks  well,  consulting  notes,  but  without  reading.    Fills  the  time  allotted  without  going  over.  Outstanding  illustrations  within  time  limit.  

• Good:    speaks  clearly  and  is  comprehensible.      Speaks  well,  but  may  have  to  rely  on  notes  more  than  those  in  the  "excellent"  category.    Eye  contact  sufficient.  Fills  time  allotted  without  going  over.  Solid  illustrations.  

• Acceptable  -­‐  At  least  minimal  in    poise;  may  unclear  in  voice  or  somewhat  uneven  in  eye  contact,  may  be  asked  to  raise  voice.  Uses  at  least  most  of  the  time.  Tries  not  to  read.  Does  not  go  over  time  allotted.  Enough  illustrations  to  be  acceptable.  

• Unacceptable:     failure   to   present,   presentation   of   a   topic   not   pertinent   to   class  discussion,   unclearly   linked   to   class   or   insufficiently   developed,   failure   to   speak  comprehensibly,   failure   to   have   enough   material   for   the   time   or   sufficient  illustrations  to  make  point  clear  

   III.  Class  participation  (20%  of  final  grade)  Students  are  expected  to  be  active  participants  in  class  and  to  contribute  to  the  construction  of  knowledge  within  the  classroom.  

• Excellent:    student's  contribution  is  regular,  adds  depth  to  the  class  and  makes  new  knowledge.     Student   is   aware  of   other   students   and  other   thinkers   and   allows   for  other  views.    While  contribution  is  important,  the  student  does  not  monopolize  the  discussion  or  fail  to  notice  when  others  want  to/try  to  communicate.  

• Good:   student's   contribution   is   regular   and   solid   and   adds   some   material   to   the  class.     Student   is   aware  of   other   students   and  other   thinkers   and  allows   for  other  views.    The  student  does  not  monopolize  the  discussion  or  fail  to  notice  when  others  want  to/try  to  communicate.  

• Acceptable:  Student's  contribution  is  at  least  minimal.    It  may  be  good  at  times  but  somewhat  irregular,  or  uneven  in  its  contribution  to  course  knowledge.  Student    is  aware  of  other  students  and  other  thinkers  and  allows  for  other  views.    The  student  does   not   monopolize   the   discussion   or   fail   to   notice   when   others   want   to/try   to  communicate  .  

• Unacceptable:     Attendance   or   contribution   to   class   discussions   is   irregular,   below  minimal   in   number   of   contributions   or   depth   of   contribution   to   knowledge   in   the  course.   Student   may   demonstrate   lack   of   knowledge   of   the   readings,   or   lack   of  awareness   of   students   around   him/her.   Failure   to   participate   in   discussions,  monopolization  of  discussion,  or  failure  to  acknowledge/consider  other  views,  will  result  in  an  unacceptable  grade.