ll go boyles - university of tasmaniathe enalycds of aspects for s·ta:t:tsticn=t:l dt:1.th (...
TRANSCRIPT
27, lines 3, 4 & �5 � should read -
t t} t � t tl t (P0 ·pn) · ·o 1e s ,a;�,emen 1a t ·- .: t �s less than the number
of' ts in tlH� State :for a positive effect, i.e. thH:C i�1
less than (A!� Dm). ·(; ' this is so as :3,670 is less than
Pa.p:e , p one, the readjusted ' 1 �5 and 16. 6, should. read -
.0, 41.1 and 37.:5 respectively.
50, paragra�ph two, the es av<�rage length of' stay for visitor's car�1, of 27 , should be -
50
table • .Ne by Birthplace, 1961 the f:inal last column should read -
- 5,414
65, the final two U.nes should read -
less Net Net Overseas
+ Net Intersi;ate
67, reference number author's name should read -
A. J •
I • )'
\1.
by
R� G .. BOYLBS
August, 1971
'.rhis cl:l.f:>:3C'l:rt8.t:i.oxJ. :tr,J submi ttod as pa:et o:f i;he for a.n honours in eco:nomicr21.
( :ii)
I
been })Ubl:Lshod or o
of my no copy or
lL Go Boyles
( ::t:.Ll)
P:cafs.ce (:tv)
In-troduction 1
Kx:ternal �ifoverneni; 4
29
36
4. Measurercent Considerations 54
ConcJ. us ion 58
Apper.tdix I 60
66
Bi bl iogre,ph:y 67
(:lv)
�.1ho aim of tb.if:l is to
of of the v�:1.1 ue
indust:t.vy :i.n of grODI3
No a:ttomp·t is made to
attention i�J g:i.ven to tho probl ern�;
of totD:is t v:Lsi torr�;, the5.r &i.verage 1
value
Besides the value of touri12rt rece:iJ? ·ts � :i:t 'fY<�s 'l:he o:dg:incJ.
in·t.ention to pJ:'G:t:H:mt an emp:i.r:tca.l study of other measures of
tho t'iconor.uic bonefi tB of tourism to 'J:asmru1:la. Howeve:e in
contomplatine; the usefulness of such a broad E�tudy when 80
li tt1e is known about m.ore evant aspect;f3 of the indust:t:y�
in vvhich case the analys:Ls p:t•esentecl could only be of a
deta.:Lled. desc:riptive nature, :i. t was considered more valu€+
could be gained from the BJ.lproach adopted.,
Section 1 ·ta�eats tho problems involved in mea:mdng the
number of tourists visl ting the State; Section 2, the me[:\.<.:mre-·
rnent of the aver�:1-ge length of stay by tourist�c:; Sc,1ction 3
deals wl th ·the measurement of tourist e:x:perJ.diture; while
Section 4 deals generally ·w:i.th the problems of mEH>suremont
involved \V:l th some SUf.i;g·estions for fu.ture statistical
ooll eo t:Lons.
The enalycds
of
aspects for
s·ta:t:tsticn=t:L dt:1.tH
( \l')
topic is to t=tnd only tbose
ablo
appl
e.
of bas:to
ated. to the tour:tst :l.ndu.EJtry. 'I�le
nized method for the col1oc:i:ion of dcd;a j .. �� by mE:an�:J
of swnpling tourist population i tse1f but for the purposes
of this clisscor'ta:t;ion, this technig_ue proved in1:prHcticahle.
Ap<:u't f:rom the :publishe(l :;;d;at:tstics, informa·t:ion on various
coneernod.
No defini ·te concl usio:ns hava been d:ra:>vn f:t·om the · W'Ol.'lt
undertaken but i i; b.oped that some insight into the probl<::nurJ
fe.cine� the tou:r:lst industry have been indicated.; for th.ose
interested, the Bibliography con1:a:t:o.�.:1 some studios which
a:re considered to give a valuable co�:J.tribtLt:ton to tJ1e economic
treatment of tourism.
obvious to a wide ga;) bEd;wcHm words between e,nd reali 't:Le:J9 and ·\;o 'l1he oocmom:lc ro1 o of
of supplying
order to IH.1.blic
goods aud
an :i..ndust:ry differen·t :f:rom other
it :Lnvolves 't;h<? movement of people
The 1 ack of homogenoi ty in ·t;he
by to ur:L fJ ts.
of' the eoonorny in th<.:rt
th<:Ul cornmodi:(;:ies ..
demands :for goods and se:r"vio•:::s and in the et::d;ablitlhments
meet ·these dema.:n.ds, compl:Lea:tes the of the
vaJue of tourim!lp a problem consequent upon tf.le complexi��Y of
the ind.u::d;ry i tsE-:lf.
It is necesr3<J.ry to know the :t.•elati ve i.mpor·tance of tou:d.mn
in order to provide a basis of comparison with alternative
in"'rCf.-Jtment areas ar.td upon w.h:l.ch the decisions of both pul)lic
and p:d.va.te organ:l.zat:.lons can be made.
economic val uo of the tourist indu;::�·try is aggr�:1rated by the
lack of bt'l.Sic f:Jh!.'tirltical data.
Travel and �'ou:r·ifc::rn (Home, 1963) p. 4.
Of t:.h0)
a ti on in this
of th.e
from ·tourist
of the value of tour:i.Dt
of :i. va:e:LouJ:l
t
:i.rrtent:i.on of
e:x:pencU ture., However in contemplating the usefulnei3B of
ting a specific; mul t:i.plj .. or for tho to'ltr:i.st inclus1:ry :tt wafJ
considered th1:1."G as such t1 value by itsc�l:f$ Vf:i th no basis of
s Etnd in
view of the almo:;rt total abBenoe of touri�on statistics :f:'o:r
'I'asma.nia10 it Wc}.s felt that there were more important and
relevant nBJ?eets of the tour:is·c indu.stry worthy of earlier
In considE}:r:i.ng the components of e;ross receipts from
�- . t , . j. '} h :t 1 0 '] . 2 .:;our:ts · El:&:pencu:cure� ·c;.le same approac. as tu:�ec, )y g:t . . v1.e
is adopted.
His approach :i.nvol ved the measurement of ·-
1 . Exi:erx.uu rnov<:Jment, ox· arrivals and departures of touristzl.
2. Inte1'11tJ. movement� or the length of stay of tourists.
2. Jl'. W. Og·il Yie, (J.Jc•ndon: P. S. King & Son, Ltd., 19;53), p. 11.
n:rc'
rospee
Ho attempt is nH1do to
com:ponEn:J.
Ins
O.o. J.
has been
:l.n the J:'Je:xt
OS
have beon
:i.n the ca��os whl';re information was ava:Ua.l)lo.
conside:t.•ation been g:i:vr.:m to
for me�;u:mr:ing each e.
ar
Section 4 :Lf� conce:r.:ned wi·th the fu:bm·e coll��ction of
to
of
tour:tsta v:un :> 1 , 1970.
1f31,000 tora cm.Jle to and. 3
The 'oth.ex· g t'!i) used :i.n GO'(I'(iJ:t,'Dli1ClJ t <W.d
equal to ·�}H� be to �em.d holiday
·to thoae vi121i ·t:or::1 came primarily :tor reasons 0
visits, or Bimil<lr reasons. 'rhe report on. the f.'d;ated the
Host of thcSE3 v.i.si tors ion. Jf.L·thouglt tho amoun·t oerta:i.nly beneficial to ·the it ce:r1 rightly be rE�garch:d Stai:e from what is usually
are not influenced by tourist px·omo t--� v:tn:U;orG s_pen.d in TaEm1or.da
Stat<�'s economy� it ir; doubtful i:;hr:lt; cU3 pal't of th1:: in.come dc::r:tvEHl by "ch,�4 described as iilH:-i • tou:r.:tst :l.ndtmtry'. ·
This opin.:ton is, in general t not sha:r·c�d. by Iutornaticnn'\l 'fuuri�:d�
the torm 'foreign i;our:i.st' the defin:i.t:lon recommended by the Comm.:i ttee of Stat:ist:i.cal Exper·ts of the I,oague of Nations in 1937:
1 Any person visiting a country9 other than i;hat in which usually rea:tdes for a period. of at least 24 J:1ou1•s.
3. �Fhe �l'rf)asurer, .§.1:l?::Y:2L21:,!ll..EL!2.ux::i:f2.:L .. IQ;9-,�ls ttY....Jll-�!���P.l.�?i a� Government I'r:Lnter� Hoba1·t, 1969, p. 10.
�J:he a)_ lH�rson�� tn1w up <-m
courrtry; b) o'thGr c) F;tud<?n:ts.1 and young
;
worlc:;. to aoti vi �cy :tn
coun or
d) res:ldents i11 <;d :i.n one Ml:OJ. try and e) f3"toppiug� even if
can t'!lso en�ployed :f:''or na pu1·p�H1er;;. A� 0r:tny perso11. visi a !Jlace :tor a period
hour.o:>1• Persons :lng for fJa.�mJ:'e a pe:do(l of ·than 24
hours are treated as 1 excur�;;:l.oniiJ ts' •
In 1963, Uni "ced Nations Conference on International Travel
and 'rour:i.sm (Rome) cons.iclo:recl end recommendcjd the us<:l of �:t clef:in:i. tJ.ou
the OECJD �Pou:r1.mn Committee. Hovmver the de:f:tni t:i.on u:Jed by the Uni tocl
Nations and alr:Jo the Intermr�ional Unio:n of Official �l::rave1 Orgaxli�s-· 6
I:n thit:� paper the de:f'ini tion usecl for Jche term 'tour:i.st' $ :tn tb.e
5� ODCD �!olll::'ism Comrni ttee� .�2-'frlJ2.J.I.L.:LQ._g"'11LQJLJ{ts�mJ:..£!:._Q.����Ittri.:1.�:� ( PE�ris: Organi�ation f'or J£co:uomio Co-.·opEn'e;l;ion cmd Dovelopm.entp 1970), p. 7.
6. llli·
case of' w:Hl be a of
not TJ.orrna1ly
of at l
7
lllE"Ii;hod.r;;l by be
recorded ·- at; thE� cov .. :n't:ry
changE) the:i.r accommodat:tOJ;1 tho:tr visit but a:L1m
tho method would 11.ot bE> ve of the tour1.:;r!; lllOY<<:ment as many
'I'he first method will be UBl'>d here :Ln an attempt to dc?te:rm:tne the
nuruber of to uri£� tf� v:i.s:i ting ��aBmania. This method t:rppea.rs to be the
obvious meann of meafJn:r:i.ng th.o tourist movc-1meni.: for �l'asma.nia as
travellers to and f':eom the State must trav-el by e:lther sea or air,
there be:i.ng no overland ;)o'tU'neys� day oxcursioni�:;J·ts� and few travellers
in�-transit. It :ls thus a relatively simple IlH:J.ttex• (simiJle:r than :f.'or
a colmtry or state with lend borders) to measure the number of arr::i.Y·-
als to and departure�> from ·�he island.
7. A discussion of the validity <>f' :i:o.clnding v:Lr:>i.tors other than those whost:; p:dran:ry pu:�;'Pose fo:r \:riiJ:l. ting the State is for a hol:LdP\Y' as tourists vrill be deferred until Part .lf, ,
In 11umbe:r; ar.td :f:c-om
the of
or
·then tlw
formerly
er.we once
:i.n ·tending to up
'I'11U13 aocordi11g to
9 both overr:Hl<:m and.
in tho State for i�he fir��t
definition of a tourist given ahoVE'clf' i:he:re
returnirJg.
H sh.ould
overseas and intorst�:;rte e.ncl formerly '.l:asmanian
intcmdi:np; to take up po:rmrulEmt rE:sitlonoo wi th5.n the State.
�rhe non .. -'J�oJHTlau:i.an resi<lents sec·tion of i.;otal arr:i.vals may
be sub .. �divided. aecording to the defiu:ttion of D. tourist 1.nto
tour:lsts and rlonN•t<.mrist;s" Of the total non-rosidcnt arrivals�
the follovving 'vi11 not he rog�u'doci as touristr.:l ·�
(i) PJ.wono v:tsi ting the State for a period of less them 24
hot:t:r.s unless a pt.H3Sengex· on a sea cru:l.SEl.
(ii) Any011e intending to take up tempore.:ry employment ri.:Jmun-·
eratE1d from Within rl'e.smania. ( fln.yono On tempora:ry
from the maicl�:md or ovc:r�:1eaa and remurwrated from the
Het:dclerd;s (i)
( ) Employ·od
(i) oasm�()� health, otc.
(:ii)
(iii) Bm.dnefJS
( v) N·onm•).:'E.lf:lid.E.mt Students
(vii) Seamen
( vi:Li.) Other
apo:rtp Ertc.)
employed here� and d.G:pendents of such viGi tors should
be ree;a:r.d�;d as tourists.
Of the total D.on-residen:l; arrivals� t;h<� f'ollowing wl.ll be
(j_)
for
rel
(Hi)
r.md n:wy bo cl
ty o:f &J1Y l>:ind
e t:t<;;, de, )
for
to
and.
(iv) Anyone ar.r:Lv:lue; in the course a sea cruise, even
they stay lese:'! thall 24 hours. ( AllOV(l p. 5.)
( v) e i:;uclents.
( v:i.) Vi.ai nd.l:ttary .rn�ovided tho:Lr 1 of
(vii) Seamen on dur:iJJ.g the eourse of the:i.r sh:i.p 1 s
stay :Ln. 'J}asmania.
(viii) Visi to:rs not incl ucled abov-e and incl ud.ine; d.epcmden ts of
i;eraporary workers a.nd competitors in :L11tcn···-state yacht
races.
It is ueefu.l to construct a table ::dmHoJ: to Table 1 for
Total DepHrtures from the Sta:t{��. as �woner or later those travellers
not :Lnhmding ·l:;o ch�:.me;e their pl£1.<!e of l�esidenee wi:U appear in
both the arrival and departure f:l.gtu .. nos even if not in the seme
per:i.od. Slwh a table is not pre8entod lw:re, as th(:> ba.sic comr)on-·
ents are. the f�ame as for Tablo 1, namely�
n. e on
(' ,, from
In order
to
e.re poor :Lndic:a:!X>rl:l of the 1
the number of of
tra.vellers could fa11 :Lnto of
Yet the only ave.:llable tical :tnclicat::i.on of the 1
of tour:tst acttvi ty are the for tot!tl arr:hral�:J nnd
artures as publ:iJ::hecl by the Bu.:r.'€�au. of Cemms and S·tatis'i::i.cs.
Suo11 nu1nbers� being compil. ed from information st�py;l:i.Eld by the
tvro national atrline�� and on the numherEl of emba:t�k:tng and d�t;;�-�
emb<:trking sea ·i;::r.avellers, would also :tnclnde staying
1 esB th�:m. 24 hours bu.t exclude travol by n1embers o:f the
and sh:i.p:ping compan:i.o�1 on company bw:lineso. To a certain ext;ent
the eff�Jcts of these two ca:�ego:d.E>s will cm:wel
though the al t:er11.at:i.ve a.dop·ted here :i.s to assume the numbers of
be
and period J.n wh::Lc:h
�.'able 1 (
to
p t ,,,
t for four
hmrrevElJ� 11 vr.:Ul be confined
d:i.SOUEJf3:i.On
o:f pa.rticu.la.r u11til lator
m:-e based on popula:tion of
'J!nsmania the census of 1966 and o:n s and
since that with :t�G'l:L911Ce llll:l,dEJ on the of
the Govern.mGnt tourist of 19G9. 13osides 0(�
of ·the number of tour:b3t visitors 1;o Jcho State� the f'ollow1ng
\Vork e�lso demons·tratos the impact of tourism 011 the populaM.on
of 'I'asman:i.a and in pa.:rtic:ul ar ·the seasonal demands created. for
�:'he basis of the d:iscur:�s:ton is ·t.he now method. of estima·tine;
populat:i.on by the Common.weaJ. ·f;h Bureau of CEmeus and Statistics
Until the Censur.:l of 1966, qua.rte:t:ly in.tercenso1 population of E-;ach had boon es 'i�ima tod urJin(-s three cornponimts: (i) the proviours cemnlfJ popttla:t:Lon; (ii) accumul-· ated natural :trJ.c:reasc.;; ( H:i.) accumtu, atocl In this cuJ.ationp migration w;:ts tho al arr:tval�'.l, � :for 8hippin.g aJ1d a:Lr·� craft ( and for fJhipping:, aircraft9 ra::Ll a.r1d
I:.VJ child urea p SUJlpl au:rveyB,
business or o 9
th<� popul at1.cm
and
Tasmexda are not
Census a:o.d S·ta.t:tt:J If they werE'p the permanent settlers
a method employed by A. J. Haeger and upon
·tab1os prodttced. by tho Hunter Valley li'oundation, an
attempt wa£� made to estimate the two com]JOnonts o:f llfJt� m:le;ration.
involved,
9. l)eputy Commonwet:ll th llureau of' Censu��
pp. 127-1213.
+ 7 156 Dt"lC. + 403 515 1%
1967 �{� 641 H37 Jm-:t. 411 1 228 710 ,, t.lOp. ·l 1 176 6'!7
+ 797 :;;n 1:5'7 421 0
1968 ·+· 118 917 :run. 501 1 22€3 800
··}� 102 '729 Dec. +1, 702 1 9 0 1 ,
1969 Mar. + 457 636 173 864 407 Jun. 488 '!20 1 , 1 716 1 F ;�69 Sep. 116 195 �?.2D 592 671 787 Dec. + 285 7 169 228 321 775 490
1970 Mar. 159 559 143 228 803 787 946 Jun. 4�38 159 1 1. 461 686 1 � 620 Sop. 64 425 157 2Z:3 560 6:53 717 Dec. ·I- 616 216 82 f:l44
4(�"'"'"'""""""_...""""""."""""''""�·�"'"""'"·"'"'"'�''""'�""'''·� .... ---�-----= ... ,.,,.._..""""""'""�-"'-"'"''""'""'�·""-"·•---�"""-"'""'""""�,.. .. ,="'-"'""_{_,
640 9p 770 4, 58B a�
See .Appendi:zr I
xnigration movemcmt to
and from Ta:=.tmania. �'he table was de:d:ved ill
(a) An estimate ws_s mi.gra·t:Lon to
(under the method of estimating population.) for
since J'une 1966.
(b) An
overseas and for people J.eavine_� permm.1e11Uy :fo:r overseafJ.
(c) F'rom th(il p�::rttern indicated by the cex1s1.wes of 1961 nwl 1966,
rmd
l:tsed to
should
method of es
rrable 2 ean
and (b)
'" ) "''"' y fi' (,U,.J.
101�000, or 7, 272$ vrere l
c. "'
as it ia considered
a. 1
:t"CflUJ.
Sltrvey ot' 1969.
fJhovrocl tb.at 7. 2'}0 of
for per:tocl.
for t:he p<:sr:Lod of ·the survey� i.e. 1
of
in
1968
to 31 March 1 969 W'EtS 1 ,874� nnd the period July 1 1966 to
December 31 19'70 � total permanent clep a:rtures � as a
Depa.l·tu.ro and A.rriv�:tl figu.:c-es etre shown in �'able 3 belm11.)
""" 1
the
a more up
the
Ot;ho:r
e:es
.1.
To tal Perso:o.r�
"104�000 779000
101�000
of
ancl hence the two
groupo 'hol :td.ay 1 1:1I1d 'other vi1d tors' can be g::r.'Ouped
into ca·tegory of non.-Tasmanitul residents to Table 1.
As stated above, 7.Z� of Tasm1.mi.cu1. depart:i .. ng-� or 2. 7��
total.
:L'lw percentage break u�p for tl:to differont categories of
travellers for '.l\rtal l\.r:ri·1rals will 'bt:.l sU.gM;ly
A.
(1 ' .
I·!; '\'V:i.ll
ing th�l
J5y
been
categoriefJ� tho
namely peoplt�
') t ••
break up :Ls
9
to
64.0
tho
e t
however the
has already been assumed that 1;hof:le visit:ors lees ·[:;han
24 hours a1.•e nElgligi'blG pro�port:i.om�,)
Perhaps 1;he mai.n ·L,ypes of tempo:r::a:rc>y
for the
no apparent WDY by which
to measure the:l.r nu.mbEJl'S, the al adop t0d. here ir;> to
to nu.m.boJ:' :is b1G
numbor of: tour:UJ
v:lsi
trp of: s
atl.<nl. of
the number of to be
as nn comrmm:i.ty to be
'rho of'
c1r:rt of rol the"'
popu1
of
the; ,prE{ITious contnls popul o:t:i.cm� �Hilcondlyt an ad;j
increa�H:l dtt:!:"ing each qua.l�·l;ert a.nd th:i.rdl;y;. an Rdj
migra:t:ton which ifJ
departures �:mel hence
lers.
to
to tlw
, and.
allow·
as
for
for nElt
'l:::raveJ.-
�:l1e old method of est:i.EH?.'dng t;he pcrpulation involYed th.e S<:DlH3
componentG, except net migration was
betvreen totrl1 ar:r-i vals and. tota.l depH.rturei:1 for the period u:ncler
cons:i.d.orat:Lon. :not only did th:I.s 1r1.ethod account fo:r actual net
in the lrci.gration figures tourists
Ht �:�
·I; """'
l,n. n ''l; ··- Po ���
popul
Under ·the
P� .. � Popul
rl = '[;
0 p + 0
of e21
'J··�" l'fJ'n_J· ... + :v"t; + . t;
N. + :L
end.
in
end. of
nnd if
t,
( L 1)
(L
if
('I • 3)
(L4)
popul nt:i.on "'" P�
In the case CJlles·l;iou, the previous censuB popul a·t:Lon�
Pg = P� , is the e.:msu::J popula:tion at 30th, 1966, and. trw
considered is the Sept:ember crlv?J:'ter 1 966 to the Doeember
li"',<• . )..1' JYJ·" +·qs f'o 1:P T:·r rn 1P J:.! ;.o II HH•\J .. J:' t
? l t ' '<li; f \t
an<l P� a:r.:·e 13h.ow:o. :tn :l'abl0 4
in col unm.s ( 1) to ( 5) J:'eS]?OCti.vely.
l�ot6 that th<:J item M� , t(3X'med. lH:;r<� tOld 1 Net Jftl.gration, v
includes not only the actual net mlgra.tion, M� , for ·!;ho period t
"'l1d D "�'"' 'I'c· + �:l C�. � t Ct-..w.�c,.; .. ) trt.:v.
of
s and
A D r�e �� "ma .t;JG � ·� v '•t 1 • t ' . .
l�:ffec·l;9 Hro shO\'i.'TI in Tablo 3
(Po ·= Pn)
t t 9
( 1) to { :; )
of the tables are
g:!.ven; t.he o'!lhe:r c�orrrponc:rn.ts have becm
relatiom�hips (1, 1 ) to (1.5) above. Some need anr:rtion ..
:from
(L5)
1!1.0 of both :eables 3 and 4 i::1 d.cn:-i ved ( 1 • �5) and hence
is (�qual to t:he d.iffe:renoo between coh1mns. ( 1) and ( 2) :Ln 'l1a.ble
3 .a.nd also to ·the sum of column {4) o:f '11able 3 and colunm (3)
of �!able 4. Tt is a1r:w der·ived from ( 1 . 5) a:nd is <.i1CJ.Ua1 to
(A - D - J\�11). t ·1; t
In Ta:ble 4t Popu1at:ion, Pn , is tl.te qua:r·l;e:rly adjm'.ltGd :pop··
ttl at:i.on f:i.gu:ro fo:r 'J.lo.smania. Net H1g:ration, is obta:i .. ned
for each quarter by removing ·the nattu•al
po:pul a tion change for Jch(:J quarter nnd :h� f3hcrwn by ( 1 , 1 ) r
val
� Oldt atiou
OS l�u.reau
of Genr:rtw and tics
be from (1.2) and ( 1.4),
rP xl.t P
o ""'"' <1. t ·t :t
i-. 1� • • • , t
·- + f.t�()!11 ( 1 ,, :>)
:l,0. ( 1 '6)
not
the cn:unulative effoct of tourist
presont It if::� equaJ. t;o t;he cumul sum of thc'l
up to
of tou:dr>t movement ill
out of 1]}a:±Jma:rda had bal�:mc(:>d out to g:l.Ye a z<.:.n�o net po:pula:kLon
Etre equal for that
'l'he :i.mpJ.:i.cat:i.on of the ln.st ationehi� (1.6), is its
dmnona
I:f Jll t
who
Not
number of
of
by (L6L
the
sum o:f'
Tasman:i.an
B:ffeot
Tasman:ltt
t:ton of conmrttrd.
ttto 'normal
t;o �1\.un of
d
( t val uc.:J the
of p d t.
:1n tho
end
and
by
ation
period t th.e 11mn of
t.
fJilfJ:Y :i.f' the Ne·t J:>opulaUon J�ffeot
of toltr.ir�ts in
the encl of period t. J!'or ins·tance at the t:md of
tho December 1970 � the nu.mber of non�·reril:l.dent
in Tr:�sman:i.a at that ti.mo is :no·t necessa:r::.i.ly 4,8929 j_n fact the
number of tour5.sts pre:;:tcm.t would certainly be greater since
vvould be at least some 'rasmanir:m :r.er:.ddentl3 touring on tht3 meti.nland
1966 Dec"
1967 I\'Iar.
196B ,Tun.
J)ec.
1969 83�019 88F119 �run. 68� 1 76�073 SC�JJ' 59� p574 Dec�. 8!5� '7)g
1970 1\la:re 93,497 100, J\m. 72� 79� {:< •:.l0:p. 67? 6ES,
87� 1 74,
'.Potal 1 �
.�'n{i Doputy Cormnor1weal th Stai.;:i:ri:icr::, tv ( mrpublir:lht:1d,
+
+ + 9
,._, 6, 092 - 3�
377 +10�
- 5� 1 O>W 7,9'13
- 61 - 6� - 1 p 448 +12�19:5
+ 7,
Si.;a 1971) � APJ;>Emd:l.x B.
Column (3) de:rived fl"'Olll equaJ;ion
Column (4) dm:ived from equation
Column ( 5) de:rived from equation
(1) and ( �)) �'able 4.
·� 5�5::i7 - 7,
3 374
·= 6, '79£:� - 5v '70 1 - 1, +-11,64'1
���:•ravcoll
+11 �
� 1� + 01.34
+ 2, - 4jl -51' + ?, 1��1.3
+ 330
Bureau of Oonsus m:td
(1.:"3)
( 1 • 5)
( 1. 6) ttnd colunms
)0/6/1
1966 JJee� " ! �
l\:1ai·. i ,, tTun. 1 � 1 �J0]). 1 �o·E:i Dec., 1,103
r.!a:r. 1 9
J'un. 19 0 Sep. 1 1, 1 �57 Dee. 1 �
1969 lViar. 1,443 ,Jun. 1 ,"l
1 � 116 Dc�c. 1�41::1
1970 Mn.:t:o. 392? 1 � 1:>9 JtU1, 39(?� ;:;oo 1 � 234 Sep. :393p 700 1 �
Dec. p 600 1 p
To 21
li.Qj�g_: Column de:d:ved from
Column derived :from
Column derived from
+ ·+
+
+ +
+
+ +1,059
+ 457
1'!6 �{� 2B�3
1 :>9 ... 934
64 ·i� 546
equation. (L 1)
equation ( 1 • 5)
equnt:i.on (1.4)
+ + 11 v
�· 6� ··� 3�
377
100 � 7�9n
- 6�9�5'7 .... 6� .,.. 1 »
+12, 1
371
�>:30 3137 � 1 ;29
945 400t492
th Statintician,
IHI'� ]"n r1
0 - M
"" Po
:i.:n.
pattern of both
e:nd
a 1 a:rge :!.nfl ux of \ihile
the o d soom
low of. and
a 1 &.rgo ou
Ii;
l?art of tiH:) mo v·emen t.
The of. �Pabl e 3 and. 'J!e,bl E� 4 ViTEn:·e ctU
by the Bureau of CensuB and
the at.'ISlunptio:n that the
arrival o.nd
could be
to·ta1
extended. rl''h:i.s could be d.one a�J fo11ovm -
s 1 ess tota1 cl.OJI
If tn pedod t,
Am ··- non·"":r.esident tourif:�t a:rr:tvals. ·t ,
D� ·- no:n�·rei.:ddent t At - �ra.rnnania:n :r.esidcmt tourist
also
and
by
are
To the
derive
is
figurer�
r· e .1.
( + n:.) ll
:l.n Table �,i.
arri-va.l::1 are nhown by Am :i.n Table �5.
Am •
J.S
dep�-tJ:•ture fj_gurcs vmre cleri1;red by
vel u13 � the e�3 timated nE3t tourist
agree
t
.. m· ·r; t '"•JJ)+( M ) t
$ 1\'t ancl D t� of
tou:rist
so cleri ved vv.iJ.l not
m m t t At'"'T +D ·-(A ·-D) t t t t
from ( 1 • '7), and where '1.1 , t
(L7)
t m A
Quarter
}\;Ia:r&. Jun. Sep. Dec.
45�676
1966 1967
54y 4:?4
36v997 32� ·n-
/)� 47? 46t407
1968
20 fr f3'71 1 697
1
1969
41:3,766 53?049
17 �1:3'77
�,,� ;2 p ::; ... j �
+ 101:3 +4,
3;5,451 410 ;?[3;�
+3, 97�i
1970
59� 745 40,169 43,554 46�574 34�063 37t 'T50 43,034 52�230 5<h930 � 6C31
and '1'ab1c t1�
( - :0
No
Po 't
Population
and
rP •. ·� f,';;;t;
vnluor;;
of
(1,.'7) fo:r:· �1\
j.m. l ·�
i
:i .. f.-5 to 'th<) to tal o :f c�o1 unru ( 4) 'I1abl o
(3) (6) e 5.
touris·t ond of'
to the
of touristB :i.r1 ·tho
10m) • �'11··r s .·1'.s . t n <• • .. ,.
.
the value o:f 4�892 at the end o:f' nee ember
:Phis cotltradtcrtion would bo
f:eom tho
C.� ·� , . . /
( 1
and the r:mm
tv J..n
1eSf:! than
1970.
application of
of ar•ei val and clop arturo wDuld
not be eonntant th:roug·hou.t tho year and would be expac'llt:Jd to
fluC"t:uate BOmowhat IITOX'() than Sh0\1:1)1 by 1l'able 5.
of ve of
vis:\
no
't a11d.
vmre kncrv;rn Dm) -crrould bc3 to l)·t) 170Uld b(� to
on thG
by
ao ( ill D ) cumul
wuuld the mtmbor of tou.I·:l.sts in a a:t; ·thG of
each period; s:i.mil of
on a morrbhly would
and from which could :i.mport�:1n·t for the
demand for t;ourist
1 ·to u.:ei s ·t� 1 not th.e H 'erie t of
a i;our:t�Jt ar� ce:rta:tn sim.pli:fytng asr.mmptions wero
various categorioa of t:r.·avell<:n•1J shown by �l:able 1, then by
addine further Yariables ·to thG rcl desc:eibecl9 tho Hbove
tho
movEnnen·t of any category of tra;;rollo:e.
may be tb.e 1
§
r:rn umor a say t• �300 1, numbcn' o)_:' v::ls:L
an ux1ln1o \\.l:n
tha 1;
f:com.
of �J
1 DJ:�p:o� nwy bE3 not muoh.
1
cho to mcnremEmt and
of
Og:UY:i.e of ca.1.cu1 1 of
Method;
naire Mothocl; and cL an 12 m.et1:tods
bel<rw in o:L tv.£lt:Lon.
a.
of in't;erna1 might provide �30Yl1Cl
useful information, prcnr:id.(ld that the o:f hotels (
t gueBt�·nights'.
. )
on
wou1d
would bo a vory·
of o1l
ho hut it would
tho
so
b.
for t if
t;he:1 tourist movement
ou.t of the
abou.t
the :number of tou:rhr!;s en:� on
censua� and how many
at:i.on of
of which
employed.
would be given by (G. rr)/V ,
C is t;lw of v::Li:d on census dnyg T is the
and for a year 365
v and IT
clo
:fo r
by
one
'Ihe
of'
WOlJ� d
by
d
to moaBure
on
as it was
t due to the
Commonweal
tlw
DEl w·e11 EtEi
h<W been
t mcnremon t and
did not s
tha·t an
de vi from
the
in 1 969 .
l ength
:trtdic Ht:lon.
menu at one encl.
of tho e , L e . for the l engthB o f s
showing c ertain info rm&d;:i.on 1 of for bo th HoLl.day
and Other V:tsi torB WEts difJp1 aye d. howover . 1 3 No attemp t war:1
made here to oxt:cact an es timate :for the l ength of r� due:
d .
�Ph e basic cdm o f thiD mEd;hod :i.a t o dcrterm.ino a s:lng1 e
1 :; • 'l':he
and a
c'.nd
on
:id.<'?al
of
o f coul d
be for all
"Values .
:l.s of
of peop1 <�
in one no:id:.
val fl an(l
sho�m :b:� July 1 9G7 w:ill
have h:ls date in and if do:p
l:l in hi s 1 of stay
betv1oen the tvm datc�El . If coul d bEl done
then
and dop e.rture fo r all of
s tay coul d thon bo found by
But a.s i.:he betTvoen tho a.ri thmet:tc al mo ans of two
1 4 . Soo OgH v:Le� � pp .
Dec omller
once
�
2 1 � 1 9 1 21 �
22p 0 1 4 26� 1 6 �
\ 96 1 ;;> ·j � 871 ;�1 �
p 1 2'7p 04'! w � 763
thtlll attemp t to f:i .. nd
el eme:n tEl of
��6 � , 'I
21 ' 671
f:J.rr:i. val and
dop for e�ll ind:t vidual s � i t :i s more conv-cn.ient to find
the arrival date r:tnd mrerage e..nd to
the d:i.fferenco bc rlV!C:Jcm the to of
o f oll :i.J1div:tdua1 s .
cu1 ate from the monthly arr:l.val
and dep arturEl � the moan m�r.i ve.l elate Bnd the me,!ln
the 1 <-mgth o:f tho month aB8umed to 'be 30
had :Ln
rnny bo
o f
of
of
tho numbf;>:r of
down by 1 e.iC! 't
and
was done in
to a
end mon th::J �
p Elri.od a.Et. the p eal{; of thE:
f:rummer mon i.;hs .
e:r:ro r
the
is
0 0
for :�o
of the
the
'lb.e roGu1 ts o f the c a1 eul ationB for the HH:Oi an 1 of s t ay
revoal ed ver:y cons:i. s of vi s:L tort:� fo r the three ye arr:.�
re.:rul ts o:f:" 1 2 . 66 days, 1 3 . 71
1 9 67·�6£; ? 1 9 60.,�69 F and 1 969-:70
a11.d 1 2 , 42 days fo r the :fGars
• No
ements o f the
arr:i.vo1 ancl d op artltre f:tgures ; t; o f
nn the arrlval and. is to
u.nde:C'a
and
of l
be t
BJ2'0
o:!:'
'Pl.1e
eel
1
llfJ0 of
d so
y
of whol e
woul d no t 'b e the
reason� the monthl y nm.:l
Ill tho ugh no
1 ::>
s tay of vi::::d to:n2: to the S i;�:d:e haf3 been
])
fJho w11 in e 7
; for this
·wE�re no 'f;
l fmgtll
detail r�
o f such f'or ar tyrJ es of i;ra:xre11 o:rs are Icnown
vdll be in the
turo
D:i:ffioul o f touri H t
e :I.n en
0 numoro nG D.nd
much. more
l e acl to ,<:Jn
o f tou:d. r;; t exp
the
val ue of is to
:f woul d. en
(1 � o ther than
ture� ef;p eci al.ly in
i.ntorstate
rnovements aJ:G rnu.cb. l <:�ss de tec ·l;ihl e than fo :r
t;ra.nsfers . l:lkel ihood of
arno1..n1ta of cash bed .. ng by intorstate touri s t;s as
as bl e 1 :e'rom o sourceB . One o ther
al eoul d bo
by
to n1low
J?aros and ·1ren
:i. ·l.;uro on
during a:nd
abl e ;
the l ength of s of
daily only be
tu:re on fa:ros by
to �:asmani a9 the d bEl a.s
has a bea:d.ng on
(i ) 'I'ho of' emba:r:·lud:ion and
disemb ark ation .
( :i.v) Dis tritn:t tion among sea a.nd t:r·a:vell ers �
1 6 . Og:d. v:t e ,
o f
t s o f
In
of
d
s ame
. 65 :for a
was
J!'or o f tho r5urvo;y �
routes ?
!i 1 E3 SJc.::ttC:J e
by suoh
coul d
( a ) J,ro s t o f the i;he Etnd .
( b ) Much of the Melbourne .
( c ) w;os -t; of the on 111nsmani .::ca
t the
mont of Hj.rcraf t;, eto .
18., , p . 29 .
o f adu1 t
9 .
o.f 1 7
o f 'I
rnad<:: ;
f for
di ff0T011'(;
on
o f
of on
ec
to be
0
fo r
for
( d )
( o )
In
1 9 .
20 .
c an
· :fo r 'bo th
hal f these amcm:o.t:J , �llhe
p . 2f3 .
propo:rtion
:iE:l suppl ied to the a:i.rl :i.nes in soa on thco
9 tho v.r<�.igl:rced e fa:ros
c nl eu1
(
Ita 3 L 1 . 1 4
1 •
m.o clc� o f
�;b �t of ,o
89 1 1 100
Sea ( 76j:j) 8:5 1 5 1 00
( a%) 90 1 0 1 00
( 1 6�{,) 90 i O 1 00
( 1 00�.; )
that of to f 74j'0
woul d by s e a �
Por o:r � f:rom Apx·:n 1 96f:3 to '1 969 t es tiuJcd:ed encU ture by ·f;ort� on [;U'�) iJhO\vtl 13}i1 follovva ·-
in
on
evor:rtu.a1l;y·
lnd tlB t:r:'y
rec eived by
ai:e1 y ono of the
'79G�
0
m:iJJ. ions o f do1l e!l'l:1 ill
th.e prop o r tion actual l y
o o f 1 COBtS
moaau:ee
made
:L invol Yed are
Ye t;
en.d . dep
'l'he rocnJ1 ts o f
:Ln the
F.w me
of
ta
:Ls mo:t'e
1 even
with
f�O on. Ac tually
of
of p
by the
n.o t
or
of'
of ta1
·t
An
in ()
of hol i d ay
from ov orr:J (:. tU::l wo ul d fro m
by
1 s l oad :i.ng
0
inc:1 vini 'ti:ng
e on :b.ol 24
2�) . '.11.1.8
�� �:'asmani an :tor
ob of
of
Numb or 4
:Lnfo:t'mn:i;ion
1:t:eod to
of to tors to 1'ar::meni a
l eas t 1 1
turo
coul d
tmcl
:i..n 'l'asnw.D.:t a.
b .
2H . 9</b of
( L E) . o f 1 04 w 000 ) and 8 . of o ther
( L C). o f 77 p 000 ) vrere on 1) • 'rhat
vis:l tors the ( :i. . <':� 0 of W 1 J 000)
be
the p
uo o f
to urs :i.nvol vecl w�:1.s � 540 , :?43 .
20 . of to tal
to
'J�asn1ur.d.an conton·l;
tho
o f
( :t t
of ho t :ts 26
HOW\:JVE):r:' GovEl:t'nmont
ago tour '
for :t ·t
The remr::tindcr an:;
c by P:LorJoe:;:· :I'ou:cf�l and o Ji'o r e hand1
by
'rhus there :u;: an app l argo o f
o f eo bo remaindcn:· of
the be madE1 up of
0 E:1Cho ol
and o
On tours in � :L t was found
27., ry;J:w 2B . �:1hG
.; . .,!; •• ·;.,,";"'""··'�- ' p • 9 •
GO
bol
ll o
1 0 !� 600 1 '1 � 400
(
POOD ( Ho t in ho to1 s
I•'OOD &
p ,.
. )
. )
all Vtl p
ho tc31 s ishmerrts , )
( H:i vor
C)f
0
o f
to
00
·tov.r. )
60 •
64� 7%
23 . 0
ote . )
1 0 ,. 0
'J'_11,' C) 'C·,HJ1!1·:lr "1\:l.l.·.·'.,,'.·"l· '.·':! ( (" .,;;. '"�1., �'::-,·1 0 'J -� P · i 'll /;>, ')
' ' <, ' • ' \ ) .!., .! '"·- " :.• •• � ' '·'
appl for co ac:b.
No te that
tho :'-l o touris on E!Jl
any an.d ma:dco tGd by that
1 9 1 9
1 6 1 6
1 4 14
o:f
, 000 1 , 445, 000 1 ,
. )
i�:; us ed for
any, and in
nw.j ority on such o.re adtLl ts ,
o f'
resul t , I t i s that
P and tho numb or
amoun t o f doubl e coun c:oul cl
fo r
)!
known
coul d to U.ort on p
in
of
ncooun.t for
r.tumbora . is
for thGEI CJ '(;:o; :L�3
on of
the co s ·{; of ur do os no t ude cmd. no t
me e1 s � :i ()�S anc1 ture p
to be much the <J<:lmo ar'.l for
� :Vc could bo nosumc::cl v:rii:;h ::JOmc
29.
p
lll/3,
of )
clue
1) ·' to
'i'J() tl] d.
va1 uo to
o:n.d :J.
val ue of e:::xp
th'� eo s t of
by for
. 06 p er hol
hol
for all p ts
o vor a:ncl abovo the
d ay . Onc e
have bee:u 1ncl udod ht
be
wo:d;h 5 . 0 0 ,. No
to clwJlC,'GS in to m:' co s ts and in
c . Ao comp vohiol es
o n
?0 � 000
o f
i s
0 0 p or
ts � i i; CO'lll d
oxp ture
J''o r tl1e purp o s e o :f the GovE:rnmont
n:n. 71 % of C l:sl'fJ
and c
and.
C a:cava:rJ.C!
on1 y .
coul d w01ll
a.s it vvas
and oft;on
oxc op t t
is no t s ted. sp
30 .
o f
tod to
312
fo r Y0Hl"
l fo r
\'iTO ul d. HJ? p t;o bo
coul d well
tuaUom� :Ln.
pro;j Gc t an uru�eal :lD t:l .. e
t:i.on
givon tJw ,. 3 1 ... . J.'>. 2 . 6 " .Ln. GllO
:f'o :r
0 1
no t
f:i a:o.d hen e o
l'lbou.t wllom sorne
avail (J
( :L) to tt3
i.;hEl crew mernbers
of
by Crevt Members
:Ln ishod
no t :iJ) r:; of
D .. bl C v
:L:J
II .
$57� 000
J' np acwi:H:l fi sh<�rmo:n o:n 1'3hore l eave . Fo r the year�> 1 9 69-'70 n:ncl
berthed wore 262 and 3 23
�Pkxe E;'H tinu:rted 1nrerage cx·evr B:i. ze 22 <end tho os
1 2 drJ;ff:l r end each crcwnwmbor is
and
Y aJJ o . oo
cl:l tu:c,e��J
·Uon
on
no t
''bon
240
0
0
(
uo o f
( iv)
for 'i 971 . \1:1. th v.n
·t;ho yoar 1 971 is
it
vaJ. ue of
o:nl y
·Lion of
bl e .
do
o :t'
aru1urn.
01 on1;y
o:e
1 1 9 � 107 f 1 1 2 , and '1 30
are appro
t;o 8
$ 000 .
No fJ
an.d
woul :rw t
o f
ifJ 1'!.0 t :i.ll
i�J l l.
of 1
the
. 'l an c.
of
Un-til
o f
. such.
t:Lon we.E:J to
d :no t b o c:ri
es ::tn
-tend to dotrao t from
tu.do11
in
o n
of
to do �:to
f ,, lrut for
woul d he.vo
new on
an.d tu:t•e
c an bo made . Al
on
:i.nd.un
s tn.
A
conaumed.
( El.DC: O congunrp
no t util
0
:.in
f :fo:r �meh
and :from
to
It is
:rw t be
of 1
tl:n:d; for
' . ( " ·1aon an.o 8J>
one o f
c;,ll
and fi.1 El:t'v.iees are
aml vri th:Ln tho St;ato ) �
food DXl.d accommoclation) ,
m:.L y
ho ·l�ol £lXld mo :L but
and
(;';
It :t :.>
in
'Lion bo th v:un.
\tal uo l ies :tn. the
as rl. who1
o:f
of
to
be on 13h.ou1 d b<:J bo rn in.
On.
aro
m ade to
for t.he t:r.eve11 c r . �P h e
o f
t;
dEmte.nds of
t <::�!. 1
o f
DJJd.
tion
o f
tcm:c:i .. rJ t
wi th of
for
comm.on
on a mo 1:<� rcl:lalll <:;
by
A a1 I:;Jourco of
p1 aco a burdcm o n bo the or aJJ.d on
of by �L'abl e
( :u:L )
and ( v ) mo de the pos�dbl E>
o f
and hen.OE'J
coul d eJ.. �:o be :lnc o rp o r a:hed.�
to rs to the i�'l by purpose
of v:Ls:i. ·t. . '.Phc are p p r.;rmmJ.ell t
mo.y be brolcen up further� :t:or :ins to :eabl c� 1 •
of
vis:l tOI'"8 r) p
o f
CO'IJJ.. d
:i t
0
e is from
tl10U{�h da1:a coul d be
tour and
by way of the
\Voro to bo made fo r tho
) 2 . Sec� ( 1l1he Far
'l:ou:d s t;
who1
In caso
UJ) of
of
on
, and. so o:n� as
t
estaN.
Ano
of
onl y OIH'J o f
val uo of of
ond:i. for
0 t::l o f
In of the
t movomcm t <.'l.nd the r<:mul
O:tl and. on of
of
tb.0
o :f
t .
I f are
ding 1 s ah are of :i ·t w·iJ l be
to p:ccrvide
a cons s tream of vis: Uors to inl and t;hrougl:wut
p ro bl mn to p rovo the nt:Lve of tour:Lr:lm to
( tion o:f the
i11
to
1 tion
UC:'i'l
( b )
:fo r SE'I"JJ.,JI:H�) I
and.
tion to
Hr:d VD1 9 S tate O I' next :Lx1te:n.d to a tay
'l'HB ;)�[1A'J:l<;;:1EK�rs Ri;;pnJ.i;�l DJ'.P 'I'FI:E; A'I' �1'1l1� J'iAHY �I'I1/\VJDI,I,J';r(;) ;;;uD::>Ert-
QUEWl'liX CliANGJ!� '.rHKCR ]Jif�i:EN 'J'I ON�! AHD 'I'HB J-m;::;rr DE: IJOHJJ:E; IN 1J.'IrJ� s '.r Nri .s �::cc s MIND IN
On the
:;:;s followD ,,
e hy qum·te:r1 y J) Oriods
f::�;om tembor ? however ora did no t name
tho of A
of
t '.l'o tnl
l r.J.nmbc)I' ) o.n
from
for
once for tho :;; e who no t nan1e
in
mean o f
e
no t fro m. tho a.c
of tho
ovors ta. for the tho
va1 ue o f 156 p En:- m.1 sbo u1 d
not boc:;r to tal
1 erD to and from
( c: ) A:er:.l vr:JJ. E� and Dep
are on a empl oyed by
A. J � IID{�{;�or 1 and ltpon tab.!.. or;
1 . A, J .
')
tiOJ1 K t:" bol ovt.
·1·1 4 �
0 .J (1
Ir1c:con�:�e
+1
+ + 4�
+ 4, 466
+21 ,076
p . 2-7
tabl es are
Fo r the &1
o f popu1 ation for p c an bo us ed to dor:tye
. w::::eo:rd:Lne; to ac o . Net
cul by �mb i;rac naturol
ine:ceas e
p 7 .
fo:c tho 'l (1
It :i.
2 p i300
In to
:i.nto
of to t al
7{, c;;!, %
8 2 . B3 8 1 . 56 8 1 . f:>9
1\.'UB i a 8 . :59 8 . 713 8 . �59
0VE)rf2J 0H,S 1 00 . 00 1 00 . 00 1 00 . 00
"''-"'t'""""""""'""''''"""'""'"'
p . '11 .
to
o f
f:3 . 59 : 9 . to the vo1 ues fo r
:Ln t;ho
1 96 1 'l'he figures 1.wed the OS Of th.it:1
3 .
Aus
,JtU:l0
An. Gr3
j of 4 �.
· ' · (,
the tal :t:u.flovJ" of in
0
( :i. )
ovor�.! EiD.fJ born bu-t;
o f O ther
fo r
a
o f
tion for
is f�hovn1 :Ln ool umn four of
invol 1r€1d .no
is no t ctll
u.s ion
o f
tho
and. Do th
rmmb �n· o f Othor flm> trel ho rn
vvho J10 t but tho
o:nl :v· ...
'J'.h e
who ted d.o no t.
allovr for
uned for
and (nrcm.
numhor of
in rel a i:;i on
s and o f a11
'J!oJ:1ma:nia.
On has hoe:n :for the rJxm1ber
of ar:r:J. to a for
fO l' :p and
:Ln col umn ( 4 ) of () 2.
from
tho
from
to be EKJ ll.d
to Numb er of In
: L e . Net tion
Numb OX' 1 9 1 3 9
�)\l /j, 1
'.Po 1 ;; � 0 1 7 H > �. 9 1 2 :; o
'J:o 1 1 t 1 0 \) 9 1 3 $ ::;
Av. 3 .. 7 0 .I 0 5 � 6 5 o 0
Av, �� Q 'l ::;; . 9 '3 . 0 2. 6 0
AY, ;:; • :5o 9 f'' .) . 0 00
�i:o w BOO 5
numb;;r of of 1 of
'l�tds
. 00 per
for
Gox,
CornLnonwe; al ? 1
from tourism. " Vol . 1 3
0 '
9
J) "
Pol Doll <:t:I'El and