living with water scarcity
DESCRIPTION
Living with Water Scarcity. Outline. The water scarcity backdrop Roots, worldwide extent , e.g. MENA region. Implications Food production, health, environment, poverty, relations Mitigation and alternatives. Water Scarcity Indices. 500 - 1000 m 3 /capita/year. chronic water scarcity. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Living with
Water Scarcity
Outline
The water scarcity backdrop Roots, worldwide extent , e.g. MENA region.
Implications Food production, health, environment, poverty, relations
Mitigation and alternatives
500 - 1000 m3/capita/year
Source: Malin Falkenmarks (Stockholm International Water Institute)
Water Scarcity Indices
1000 m3/capita/year is, on average, the minimum amount of water required to satisfy a person’s need for drinking, hygiene and food
chronic water scarcity
<500 m3/capita/year
beyond the ‘water barrier’ of manageable capability
water stress(1000 – 1600)
Rogers, 2008
Total Renewable Water Withdrawn (%)
Source: Compiled from FAO AQUASTAT data for 1998–2002.
11
Jordan
Climate: Mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April) Terrain: Mostly desert plateau in east (80%) Population: ~ 5.723 million (2007), Growth ~ 2.2%
Freshwater Availability
12
~ 87% receives < 200 mm/yr
~ 75% receives < 100 mm/yr
Source: NMP
KuwaitUAE
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
LibyaJordan
BahrainYemenOman
TunisiaDjibouti
EgyptMoroccoLebanon
SyriaSomalia
SudanIraq
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
FreshWater Availability (m3/capita/year)
Source: NMP
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Year
MC
M
Deficit -614 -486 -375 -373 166Water Supply 925 1127 1283 1298 1862Demands 1539 1613 1658 1671 1696
2006 2010 2015 2020 2022
Projections
13
Water Issues … Availability:
insufficient per capita quantity discontinuous supply ( two days per week)
Accessibility / affordability Water supply is still subsidized by the government water prices still affordable by the poor water prices for tanked water are 8-10 times more
than piped water Water Quality:
Groundwater of increasing salinity Surface water is inadequate for drinking without
extensive treatment
14
Impact of Climate Change
a 20% decrease in rainfall
Declining Dead Sea Water
Source: World Bank, Red Sea - Dead Sea Study, 2008
Consequences… Dead Sea!
The Red-Dead Proposed Canal
Less Food produced Locally
Water Scarcity
Public Health deterioration
• Children mostly affected• The poor get poorer
environmental degradation
• Pollution of rivers• More treatment , increase cost• Loss of biodiversity
Sectoral competition
• Agriculture• Tourism• Industrial
Increasing salinity of
groundwater
• Further Treatment • Higher costs
Interregional / international
Conflict
• Domestically • Trans-boundary
Quality of life deterioration
Water Scarcity can be an opportunity
Trade Investment R & D
• Me c h anis ms fo r
tra ns bou ndar y
ma na gem ent • Te c h nolo gy
tra ns fer / ad ap tatio n /
s ha rin g da ta /
ex pe rien c e
• Policies• Gover nan
ce• Sectoral
integration
National
Local
Shared Responsibility
WORLD WATER COUNCIL, 2009
International trade
But imported food is often beyond financial
affordability of the poor?
9.0 Asia / Oceania
5.0 South / Latin America
4.5 Europe
3.6 USA / Canada
0.2 Africa
0.2 Middle East
Investments in $ trillions 2005 - 2030
Rogers, 2008
• Waterless sanitation• Irrigation
• Saline agriculture
Conservation
• Appropriate low-cost • Desalination: Cost reduction
• Recycling
W&WW Treatment
technologies
• Decision making• For awareness• Education
• Data Sharing and exchange
Water Informatics
• Leaks and unlawful use• Contaminants, especially biological
agentsSensors
Improve manageme
nt practices of water
resources
increased productivity
sustainability
Better sectoral
integration
But we need to empower people through
awareness, education and technological
tools?
Water
EnvironmentEnergy
multi-disciplin
ary
Political
Socio-economics
Cultural, Ethical
Environment
S & T Instrume
nts
Concluding Note
THANK YOU for your attention