Living with Our Contracts: 

Actualizing e-ILL

Katherine A. Perry, VIVA DirectorNovember 19, 2003CONCERT, Taipei

Preferred License Agreement Language

Interlibrary Loan. Licensee may fulfill requests from other institutions, a practice commonly called Interlibrary Loan. Licensee agrees to fulfill such requests in compliance with Section 108 of the United States Copyright Law (17 USC 108, “Limitations on exclusive rights: Reproduction by libraries and archives”) and clause 3 of the Guidelines for the Proviso of Subsection 108(g)(2) prepared by the National Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works.

http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/standlicagree.html

http://www.gmu.edu/library/fen/viva/illcontr.html

U.S. Copyright Law

“ The primary objective of copyright is not to reward the labor of authors, but "[t]o promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts." To this end, copyright assures authors the right to their original expression, but encourages others to build freely upon the ideas and information conveyed by a work. This result is neither unfair nor unfortunate. It is the means by which copyright advances the progress of science and art.

---- Justice Sandra Day O'Connor (Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co., 499 U.S. 340, 349(1991)

U.S. Copyright Law, Section 108(g)(2)

“ That nothing in this clause prevents a library or archives from participating in interlibrary arrangements that do not have, as their purpose or effect, that the library or archives receiving such copies or phonorecords for distribution does so in such aggregate quantities as to substitute for a subscription to or purchase of such work.”

CONTU Guidelines on Photocopying under Interlibrary Loan Arrangements

http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ21.pdf

Virginia Tech:ILL Borrowing in 2003

1. Total students and faculty = 30,000

2. Total ILL items in 2003 = 25,486

Almost a 1:1 ratio?

Virginia Tech:Most Borrowed only a Few Items in 2003

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Number of items borrowed

% o

f cu

sto

mer

s

53% of customers borrowed only 3 items or fewer

Less than 1% of customers borrowed 100 items or more

90% of customers borrowed 18 items or fewer

Number of Items Borrowed by Individuals at Virginia Tech in FY 2003

1-3 items, 53%

4-18 items, 37%

19-99 items, 9%

100+ items, <1%

What is e-ILL?

BEST: “Direct e-ILL”The ability to send an electronic journal

article directly to the user for Interlibrary Loan

BENEFITS:1. Much faster than traditional ILL from print. 2. Improved copy to the user. 3. Links to references are preserved.4. Publisher will see increased use of linked

articles.

What is e-ILL? (Continued)

SECOND BEST: “indirect e-ILL”. The ability to use an electronic journal

article for Interlibrary Loan, but not in electronic format.

BENEFIT:

1. Faster service than print, but not as fast as direct e-ILL

2. Improved copy to the user.

BUT1. Links to references and other electronic

features will not be preserved.2. Publisher will not see increased use of linked

articles

% Change in Book and Journal Costs ARL Libraries, 1986-2002

-50%

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

300% Serial Unit Cost

SerialExpenditures

Monograph UnitCost

MonographExpenditures

Serials Purchased

MonographsPurchased

% Change in Journal Costs ARL Libraries, 1986-2002

-50%

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

300%

Serial Unit Cost(+227%)

SerialExpenditures(+227%)

Serials Purchased(+9%)

VIVA Contracts Allowing Direct e-ILL

1. American Chemical Society Journals2. Annual Reviews3. Association of Computing Machinery4. Cambridge U Press Journals5. CIAO6. Gale InfoTrac7. Harp Week8. HighWire

http://www.gmu.edu/library/fen/viva/illcontr.html

VIVA Contracts Allowing Indirect e-ILL

1. American Mathematical Society Journals

2. APA – PsycARTICLES 3. Nature Journals4. Ovid Nursing & LWW Journals5. Oxford U Press Journals6. Project Muse7. Science

http://www.gmu.edu/library/fen/viva/illcontr.html

Only 1 VIVA Contract Prohibits e-ILL

Academic Press IDEAL (1996-2002)

http://www.gmu.edu/library/fen/viva/illcontr.html

e-ILL at the University of Virginia

• 31,366 total requests, 15,497 were for articles.

• They import the request into ILLiad management software

• Search library catalog• Look up article• If licensing agreement allows e-ILL,

they print the article and treat as they would any other ILL article.

Benefits

For Library• Reduced total staff time needed to

retrieve item (reduced a minimum of 24 hours to as much as several days)

• Bound journals are not removed to local patrons can find them

For Recipient• Improved copy because printing is from

Internet• Article received more quickly