livestock and environmental pollution_viet nam
TRANSCRIPT
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Current issues in
AnimalProduction andNutritionH0270261
Livestock wastemanagement : ACase study of VietNam
By: Osibot e Bankole O.
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Objectives Environmental impacts of livestockproduction
Livestock industry in Viet Nam
Current state of Livestock wastemanagement in Viet Nam
Projected growth of humanpopulation and impacts onlivestock industry and theenvironment
Efforts at improvement
Conclusion
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Environmental impacts of livestock
production All livestock sectors implicated
Dairy and beef cattle, poultry, smallruminants, pigs
Affect air, water, soil and biodiversity Air- gaseous emissions and dust
Water (esp. South China sea)- excessivenutrients (ponds), drug residues,pathogens, BOD, biodiversity
Soil- nutrient overloading, drugresidues, erosion
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Livestock industry in Viet Nam
Agriculture gave about 23% of GDP in2009 of which livestock gave 6%
Population of livestock species Cattle and buffalo-10million heads
Pigs-27million heads (71% of total pdn.)
Poultry-220million heads
Sheep-56,800 heads
Goat-1.6million heads
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Current state of Livestock wastemanagement in Viet Nam
Traditional short cycle of livestock + cropproduction> diminishing.Total livestock waste 73 million tons per year Cattle- commands good price>used as
fertilizer for pasture, coffee, pepper andfruit-trees, biogas Poultry- highly valued>commands premium
price>used for fish feeding, coffee,pepper, fruit-trees and biogas
Pig- undeveloped market>low price, notwidely used for fertilisation, given free inrainy season
Source: Institut e for en vironment al science and te chnology(INEST) 2 010
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Pig manure Problems
Offensive odour Very watery (water required for cooling pigs,
washing floors) and bulky to transport Hot> believed to cause damage to crops Levels of production> amounts of manure Disease scare (FMD outbreak) Inorganic fertilizer cheaper and more convenient to
use
Successfully used for:o Feeding fisho Biogaso Irrigation of crop land through canalso Transported to crop and fruit-tree areas
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Biogas production Anaerobic digestion of manure to
produce:
Cooking gas Heating young animal housing
Benefits biochemical status of manure
Anaerobic fermentation survival andgrowth of pathogens and intestinalparasites
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Current growth of livestock industry
Livestock is the fastest growing sub-sector with an annual growth of 4% at2009
Unit: 1000 heads
Adapted from General Statistics Office(2009)
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Projected growth of human populationand impacts on livestock industry and
the environment
Bulk of population growth expected in
developing countries like Viet Nam Accompanied by income levels
Urbanisation demand for animal products
industrialisation of livestockproduction
waste production>pollution?
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Projected growth of livestock industry
Projected to be 42% of agriculturescontribution to GDP by 2020 (from27% in 2009)
Source: Vietnam Ministry of agriculture and ruraldevelopment (MARD)
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Efforts at improvement
Farmers traditionally use as manure, fish feedand biogas is been widely promoted.Challenges:
Only 7 % of farms use waste managementtechnology No reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus
content of manure Skills lacking for adequate maintenance
More efficient models more expensive andunaffordable for rural farmers Increasing intensification of production >
less concern for environment
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Efforts at improvement
Scientists
Cheaper and simpler biodigester
technologies are constantly beingresearched and developed Research into better feed utilisation to
reduce nutrient excretion by animals Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)
-Biocomposting -Adult flies, high quality animal feed -Biodiesel production
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Efforts at improvement
The government of Viet Nam- Policy Relocation of intensive livestock farms to
reserved areas (with low water tables)
Assistance and financial support for familiesthrough the Viet Nam bank for ruraldevelopment
Imposition of taxes/levies for farms and otherwaste generating plants for excess wasteproduction
Collaboration with international organisationsthrough the ministry for natural resources andenvironment (MONRE)
Development of countrywide strategy for biogastechnology
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Efforts at improvement
International Organisations World bank- Global environment facility
(GEF)- covering China, Thailand andViet Nam for protection of south Chinasea from livestock induced land basedpollution and environmentaldegradation
Establishment of biogas plants,collection of liquid waste from farms Extension activities to demonstrate
small scale biodigesters
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Efforts at improvementInternational Organisations
SNV (Netherlands development
organisation)-Largest donor in area oflarge scale dissemination of biogastechnology in Viet Nam, projectstarted in 2003, coordinated by MARDstaff.
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ConclusionsThe government needs to act fast on theirstated intentions to maximise theeffectiveness of the assistance from externalparties.So far, a wide reach has been achieved increating awareness of the impact oflivestock production on the environment,further work needs to be done, especially onthe part of the government to encourageinvestment in the biodigester and otheremerging technologies, as they would bevery effective in the further reduction ofenvironmental pollution in Viet Nam.The farmers also need to be encouraged tobe more responsible for their environmentfor a more sustainable livestock industry.
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References Andersson, M. (2007). Behaviour and dietary preferences of browse
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