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JAN GEHL, PROFESSOR, DR. LITT. FOUNDING PARTNER: GEHL ARCHITECTS URBAN QUALITY CONSULTANTS, COPENHAGEN LIVEABLE CITIES –for the 21st Century

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Page 1: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

JAN GEHL, PROFESSOR, DR. LITT.

FOUNDING PARTNER: GEHL ARCHITECTS

URBAN QUALITY CONSULTANTS, COPENHAGEN

LIVEABLE CITIES –for the 21st Century

Page 2: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

1960 CHANGE OF PARADIGME 1

Page 3: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

City Planning based on Modernisstic Ideology

Page 4: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Human Scale completely shattered

Page 5: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

We form the cities –then the cities form us

Page 6: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

From 1950´s….

Carinvasion

1960 CHANGE OF PARADIGME 2

Page 7: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

City Planning based on cheap Gasoline

Page 8: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

5 km/hour

Architecture

•small spaces

•small signals

•details

•people

•close up´s + distant

views

Page 9: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

60 km/hour Architecture

•large spaces

•huge signals

•no details

•no people

Page 10: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Jane Jacobs *

1961

Page 11: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Strøget (main street)

pedestrianized 1962

1962 1986

Page 12: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Those were the days when

architects were big, and people

were quite smal....

Graduation

1960

The all time low point of City planning

Page 13: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Vietnam, 2008 Bangladesh, 2008 Iran, 2010

Page 14: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 15: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 16: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 17: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 18: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

2010: After 50

years: Another

change of

Paradigme

WANTED:

- Lively, livable City

- Safe City

- Sustainable City

- Healthy City

Page 19: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Lively City

Page 20: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Safe city

Page 21: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Sustainable City

A good Public Realm is a crucial factor

for good Public Transportation

Page 22: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

”Houston -the City with the

fattest people of the World”

Healthy City

Page 23: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Suggestion for simple

City improvement Policy

”In this City everything will be

done to invite people to walk and

bicycle as much as possible in

the course of their daily day

doings”

(Keyword is indeed inviting)

Page 24: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Copenhagen 1962-2012 (region 1.3 million )

From traffic place to people place - a steady people

friendly developement for 50 years!!!

Page 25: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

In 1962 all 18 squares were

parking lots

- now they are all people squares

1953 • 1974

Page 26: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

1975

1985

Page 27: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Public Space-Public Life Surweys: Copenhagen 1968, 1985, 1995 (+2005)

Page 28: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Many more People are walking in the city

Page 29: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

4 times more people spend

time in the city

Page 30: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

In only 40 years the good season has been

extended from 2 to 10 months

Page 31: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Copenhagen Street:

2 Sidewalks, 2 proper

bicycle lanes, street

trees, 2 lanes for 2 way

traffic, and a substan-

tial median to facilitate

crossing the street

”We do not have to

think and act as 1960s

traffic engineers for

ever -times are

changing and traffic

engineers are by now

much smarter”

Page 32: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Priority for pedestrians and bicyclists Sidewalks and bicycle tracks across side streets

Page 33: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 34: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

City of Copenhagen

New Strategy 2009 “Best City in the World for People”

Page 35: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

-on a citywide network of bicycle lanes

Bicycling in Copenhagen

Page 36: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

-an efficient, citywide

transportation system

Page 37: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Bicycles are taken

straight through the

street crossings and

the lanes are marked

with blue

Bicycle signals turns

green six seconds before

the car signals

Page 38: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Trains & Metro

welcoming

bicycles

Page 39: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

A bicycle culture have step by step been

developed

Everybody bikes

Page 40: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Going to work in the City of Copenhagen

37% use bicycle

27% drive car

33% use public transit

5% walk

Page 41: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

City of Copenhagen: Bicycle Strategy 2011 ”From rather good to being best in the World”

Page 42: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Oct 2011: New Danish Government arriving on bicycles at

the Palace to be commissioned by the Queen.

No Limousines no more?

Page 43: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Worlds Most Liveable Cities 2010 (”Monocle”)

Page 44: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Suggestion for simple

City improvement Policy

”In this City everything will be

done to invite people to walk and

bicycle as much as possible in

the course of their daily day

doings”

(Keyword is indeed inviting)

Page 45: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Melbourne, - 3 mio. Inh.

Page 46: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

The Age c. 1980

Page 47: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Places for People 1994 Report by Jan Gehl

Places for People 2004

Report Gehl

Architects

www.gehlarchitects.dk

Page 48: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 49: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Pedestrian traffic weekdays daytime: +40%

Pedestrian traffic evening: +100 %

Stationary activities +200-300%

MELBOURNE City Center 1994-2004

Page 50: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Retail

Residential

Office Vacancies

Employment

Bars and Pubs

Page 51: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 52: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Copenhagen Melbourne oct 07

Page 53: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 54: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

A CITY GOOD AT PARTIES, OLYMPICS and SUMMITS….

Page 55: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

….. BUT NOT SO GLORIOUS FOR THE EVERYDAY LIFE

Page 56: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Main Street in Sydney to be transformed

to Pedestrians, Bicycles and Light Rail

Present situation George St. After conversion

Page 57: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 58: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 59: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

1. Zurich

2. Helsinki

3. Copenhagen

4. Vienna

5. Munich

6. Melbourne

7. Tokyo

8. Sydney

9. Auckland

10. Stockholm

World’s Most Liveable Cities,

Monocle 2012

Page 60: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 61: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

GREATER NEW YORK GREENER,

Page 62: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 63: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 64: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 65: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

9th Ave. Apr.08

9th Ave. Sep.08

Page 66: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 67: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 68: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 69: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Phot:DOT/NYC

Page 70: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 71: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 72: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

2010

1. Bilbao

2. Melbourne

2012

1. New York

2. Copenhagen / Malmø

Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize

(Singapore)

Page 73: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Moscow 2012

Page 74: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 75: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

WELCOME TO THE 21st CENTURY

Page 76: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 77: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 78: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 79: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 80: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 81: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

”Welcome to London”

Page 82: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Enjoy yourself in EuroLille (Rem Koolhaas)

Page 83: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Cities for People” Available in all major languages !!

Page 84: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

2010

Cities for People” Available in all major languages !!

Page 85: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Copenhagen City Architect Tina Saabye

”For all of us, People planning is on our minds”

Page 86: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Developing Cities

Dhaka,

Bangladesh

Hanoi, Vietnam

Page 87: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think
Page 88: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

Major complaint :

Serious congestions -on the bicycle lanes

Page 89: LIVEABLE CITIES for the 21st Century · bicycle lanes, street trees, 2 lanes for 2 way traffic, and a substan- tial median to facilitate crossing the street ”We do not have to think

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