live interactive learning @ your desktop solar energy in middle and high school classrooms presented...
TRANSCRIPT
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LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP
Solar Energy in Middle and High School Classrooms
Presented by: Michael Tinnesand and Rachel Pokrandt
September 13, 2011
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Where does U.S. energy come from today?
Source: www.eia.gov
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Where does U.S.energy come from today?
Source: www.eia.gov
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The Potential of Solar Energy
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How can we capture the Sun’s energy?
• Passive
Credit: U. S. Department of Energy-Solar Decathlon
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How can we capture the Sun’s energy?
• Solar Concentrators
20 mW concentrator near Seville
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How can we capture the Sun’s energy?
• Photovoltaic panels
Credit: U. S. Department of Energy-Solar Decathlon
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How can we capture the Sun’s energy?
• Solar Water heating
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How do we measure electricity usage?
• Watts - A watt is a unit of power. It is a Newton meter per second, or can be given as a joule per second.
• Kilowatts – 1,000 watts equals one kilowatt (kW)
• Kilowatt-hours (kWh) – A device such as a plasma TV, which uses 1,000 watts for one hour consumes one kWh of power.
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How do Solar Panels work?
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How do Solar Panels work?
Credit: rsc.org
p-type n-type
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How do Solar Panels work?
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How do Solar Panels work?
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How are Solar Panels made?
Credit: Solar World
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How are Solar Panels made?
Credit: Solar World
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Challenges for 1st Generation Solar Panels
• They don’t work at night and work poorly in cloudy weather.
• Production uses toxic materials including greenhouse gases and must be treated to prevent release
• Takes energy to produce solar panels (1-3 year ‘energy payback’)
• Expensive• End-of-use recycling needs to be developed• Research in new solar panel technologies needs to
continue, improving efficiency, cost, usability.
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2nd Generation Solar
• Cheaper• More flexible – more uses• Lighter
• Not as efficient
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Examples of 3rd generation solar panels
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How do they work? What do they look like?How do they work? What do they look like?
* +
T O2 n T O2 n-
-
/2 I I -
+S
S
hv e
3
S
[ i ] [ i ]
2
S
5
1 2
4
1. A dye, adsorbed on TiO2 is excited by light
5. The dye is reduced by the electrolyte
2. The excited dye injects an e- into the TiO2
3. The electron leaves the TiO2 and is carried through as current
4. The e- returns to the device and reduces the electrolyte
1
3. ITO electrode
2. TiO2 Semiconductor
1. Sensitizer Dye
4. Catalytic layer to promote I- to I2 regeneration
5. Electrolytewith I-/I2
Insulating Seal
TiO2 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
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Bioinspiration
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Blackberry Solar Cell Lesson PlanStandards and skills
NS.9-12.1 SCIENCE AS INQUIRY
NS.9-12.2 PHYSICAL SCIENCE
NS.9-12.4 EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
NS.9-12.5 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
NS.9-12.6 PERSONAL AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES
Lesson activities
• Learn how traditional solar panels are made
• Consider this process against the 12 principles of green chemistry
• Construct a dye sensitized solar cell
• Evaluate and compare the differences in solar cell technologies
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Making the cell with your students!
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TiO2 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
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Using Solar Power
On the grid
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Using Solar Power
Off the grid
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U.S. Department of EnergySolar Decathlon
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The Solar Decathlon Events
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Team Germany
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Team California
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Appalachian State University
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Phase Change Wallboard
Photo: National Gypsum
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Measuring heat of phase change.
• Measuring temperature vs phase change
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Measuring heat of phase change.
• Measuring temperature vs phase change
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Measuring heat of phase change.
• Heat of fusion lab
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Measuring heat of phase change.
• Heat of fusion lab
Hf of paraffin ≈ 200 J/g
Specific heat capacity of paraffin ≈ 2 J/g x°C
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Resources• U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon -
http://www.solardecathlon.gov/
• ChemMatters – www.acs.org/chemmatters
• Beyond Benign-Blackberry Solar Cell Activity - http://www.beyondbenign.org/K12education/highschool.html
• Solar World - http://www.solarworld-usa.com/
• National Renewable Energy Lab - http://www.nrel.gov/learning/
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National Science Teachers AssociationDr. Francis Q. Eberle, Executive Director
Zipporah Miller, Associate Executive Director Conferences and Programs
Al Byers, Assistant Executive Director e-Learning
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP
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