litman emil 100427053_majorindividualassignment
DESCRIPTION
Final Assignment for EpidemiologyTRANSCRIPT
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Outline
0 Foundations0 Historic Developments0 Practical Disease Concepts0 Design Strategies and Statistical Methods0 Descriptive Epi0 General Health and Population Indicators0 Experimental Studies0 Causality0 Field Epi0 Chronic Disease Epi0 Clinical Epi
Definition of Epidemiology
What Epidemiology means to me
Role of Epidemiology in Public Health
Epidemics, Endemics and Pandemics
Epidemiology Triangle
Disease Transmission
Levels of Prevention
Definition of Epidemiology
0 the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in human populations and the application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems
What Epidemiology Means to Me
0Epidemiology and Health Informatics
0 SAPPHIRE
Role of Epidemiology in Public Health
0 Findings contribute to:
0 Preventing disease
0 Controlling disease
0 Treating disease
0Efficacy
0Effectiveness
Epidemics, Endemics and Pandemics
0Epidemics
0Endemics
0 Pandemics
Epidemiology Triangle
0Environment
0Host
0Agent
Disease Transmission
0 Fomite
0Vector
0Reservoir
0Vehicle
0 Carrier
Levels of Prevention
0 Primary Prevention
0 Secondary Prevention
0Tertiary Prevention
MY THOUGHTS SO FAR
Hippocrates
James Lind and Scurvy
John Snow and Cholera
Hippocrates
0Who was he?
0Why is he important?
James Lind
0Who was he?
0What did he do?
John Snow
0Who was he?
0Why was he important?
MY THOUGHTS SO FAR
Diseases and Conditions
Classifying Diseases
Disease Prevention and Control
Diseases and Conditions
0 Communicable VS Noncommunicable
0Vertical VS Horizontal Transmission
Classifying Diseases
0 Congenital and Hereditary
0Allergies and Inflammatory
0Degenerative
0Metabolic
0 Cancer
Disease Prevention and Control
0Remove, eliminate or contain the source of infection
0Disrupt and block the chain of disease transmission
0 Protect the susceptible population against the infection and disease
MY THOUGHTS SO FAR
Descriptive Study Designs
Types of Data
Analytic Study Designs
Descriptive Study Designs
0 Providing information
0 Clues to identify disease
0Extent of public health issue
0Description of public health issue
0 Identifying risk
0 Identifying avenues for further research
Types of Data
0Nominal
0Ordinal
0Discrete
0 Continuous
Analytic Study Designs
0 Similar to Descriptive Studies
0Use Comparison Groups
MY THOUGHTS SO FAR
Person, Place and Time
Public Health Surveillance
Person, Place and Time
0 Person
0 Place
0Time
Public Health Surveillance
0What is it?
MY THOUGHTS SO FAR
Health Indicator
Birth and Mortality
Health Indicator
0What is it?
0What is it for?
Birth and Mortality
0Why is this important?
0Birth Rate
0Mortality Rate
MY THOUGHTS SO FAR
Designs
Randomization
Binding
Nonrandomization
Designs
0 Clinical Trial
0 Prophylactic Trial
0Therapeutic Trial
0 Community Trial
0Between-Group Design
0Within-Group Design
Randomization
0What is randomization?
0Why is it beneficial?
Binding
0What is a binding?
0 Placebo
0 Placebo effect
Nonrandomization
0Why use nonrandomization and not randomization?
MY THOUGHTS SO FAR
Statistical Inference
Hypothesis Development and Testing
Statistical Inference
0What is statistical inference?
0Why use samples instead of the entire population?
Hypothesis Development and Testing
0 Start of all epidemiological studies
0 Inductive reasoning
0 6 steps of testing
MY THOUGHTS SO FAR
Conducting a Field Investigation
Conducting a Field Investigation
0When are field investigations conducted
0 Preparing for field word
0 Steps to conduct (14)
Chronic Disease Epidemiology
Chronic Disease Epidemiology
0What is it?
Clinical Epidemiology
Screening and Diagnosis
Evaluating the Screening Test
Clinical Epidemiology
0What is it?
0What is its focus?
Screening and Diagnosis
0What are these tools used for?
Evaluating the Screening Test
0True Positive
0True Negative
0 False Positive
0 False Negative
FINAL THOUGHTS
Bibliography
0 Cahill, R., & Advancement, I. (n.d.). Distinctions -Biosecurity System Improves Public Health Surveillance, Decision Making. The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) - Home. Retrieved January 14, 2013, from http://www.uthouston.edu/distinctions/archive/2007/may/archive.htm?id=792574.
0 Merrill, R.M. (2013). Introduction to Epidemiology(6th ed., pp. 2-4). Toronto, Canada.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.