lithuim battery overview

8/14/2019 Lithuim Battery Overview

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Lithium Ion

Battery Overviewby Tony Green

Email: [email protected]


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1. History of Lithium Ion Batteries2. About Lithium

3. Why they are becoming the choice of the future4. Disadvantages/Concerns5. Types of Lithium Ion Battery6. Construction/Parts

Anode

CathodeElectrodeSeparatorCollecting plateMetal Case

7. Lithium Reaction8. Definition of terms9. Course of technology

Agenda

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What is Lithium?

About Lithium In Chemical terms

Name: LithiumSymbol: Li

Atomic Number: 3Atomic Mass: 6.941 amuMelting Point: 180.54 C (453.69 K,

356.972 F)Boiling Point: 1347.0 C (1620.15 K,2456.6 F )

Source: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

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Periodic Table of Elem en ts

Table Courtesy of Bill BylesWebsite: http:// www.chemicalelements.com

About Lithium In Chemical terms


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What is Lithium?

1. The lightest of all materials

2. High electrochemical potential

3. High Thermodynamic Voltage

4. Largest Energy density forweight

5. A cell voltage of 3.6

Volts(highest of all types)

About Lithium - In relation to Batteries


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High Energy DensityLow Maintenance

High Specific Power

High specific energy

Ideal for very high currentapplications

A choice of a new generation


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They are Fragile

Cell Temperature must be maintained as are extremelysensitive to high temperatures. Heat causes lithium-ionbattery packs to degrade much faster.

Expensive to Manufacture (process to make anode andcathode)

There is a small chance that, if a lithium-ion battery

pack fails, it will burst into flame.

Will degrade as soon as they leave the factory. Theywill only last two or three years from the date ofmanufacture whether you use them or not.

Disadvantages Concerns


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Example Process of Lithium Ion BatteryCathode(LiCoO) Anode (Carbon)

Binder BinderCoating on Al Coating on CuSlitting SlittingDry Dry

Cathode Anode

SeparatorWindingCasing

Rupture lid Electrolyte

CellRecharging/Inspection

Shipping

Manufacturing process


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What are the parts of a lithium ionbattery?

Anode Hard Carbon (Graphite)Cathode Lithium + Metal + Oxygen

Example: Li xMyOzElectrolyte LiPF6 Salt dissolved in

cyclic carbonates and linearcarbonates(Examples: Propylene Carbonate,

Ethylene Carbonate/dimethyl

carbonate,diethyl carbonate)Separator Electrically insulatingporous polymer material(polyolefins)

Collector Copper (Negative)and Aluminum(Positive)

Outside Case - Aluminum

About Lithium Ion Battery composition


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Schematic Drawing

Drawing courtesy of LiFePO 4 for a Large Sizedfor a Large SizedLithium Secondary Battery DatedLithium Secondary Battery Dated

2006. 12. 12.


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Generally differentiated byvariations in cathode constructionCobaltManganese(Spinel)

Nickel Cobalt(Nano) PhosphateTitanium oxide

Types of Lithium Ion batteries


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Round Cell Button Cell

Cylindrical

Prismatic

Pouch

Construction


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Lithium is reacting in the

cell (Electrode andElectrolyte)to producing aelectron. The generation

and movement of theseelectrons is what isproduces electricity

Lithium Ion Reactions (General)

Where Li=Lithium, and e - are electrons

Li (Free) Li(Bonded) + e- orLi Li+ + e -


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Lithium Ion Cell

Li xC6 + Li 1-x MyOz C6 + LiM yOz

Lithium Polymer Cell

XLi + M y Oz Li x My Oz

Lithium Ion Overall Reactions (Detailed)

Where Li=Lithium, C=Carbon, M=Metal(Co, Ni, Mn,Fe),O=Oxygen, x-# of Li , y= #of Metal, z= # of oxygen

Note: there are anode and cathode half reactions whencombined form the overall reactions above


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Different Electrolyte dry solid polymer and notan aqueous solvent

Polymer composite used polyethylene oxide orpoly acrilonitrile

Anode is Li or Li intercalation

Cathode is either LiCoO2 or LiMnO4

Wafer thin batteries for credit cards

Lithium Polymer


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Energy Density (Wh/kg)describes how much energy a battery

can hold in relation to its size More energy More run time,

longer life

Power Density or SpecificPower(W/Kg)

describes how much power a batterycan deliver per kilogram More Power better performance in

power bursts

Definition of Terms


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Energy Density focused applicationsinclude: cell phone, Laptops, and

Digital cameras

while Power Density focused

applications include: Power tools,Medical Devices and Transportation

Analogy(Energy vs. Power)

Funnel Drawing Visualizationsize funnel vs. size of the opening

Definition of Terms(Continued)


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Funnel Drawing : total size funnelvs. size of the opening

Definition of Terms(Continued)

Area in funnel = Energy DensityArea of opening= Power Density

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Specific Energy (Wh) total amountof energy that a battery can store

per massimportant in determining range

Cycle Life (#)the measure of thetotal number of times a battery can

be charged and discharged duringits life

Battery Cost expressed incurrency units per kilowatt-hour,

($/Energy)

Definition of Terms (Continued)


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Manual.Landstorfers Presentation Introduction toLithium Ion Batteries Presentationwww.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/numerik

Clifton Watkins Presentation Portable Power:Lithium Ion batteries Literature Seminar

Is lithium Ion the Ideal Battery? www.batteryuniversity.com .

The high-power Lithium Ion?

www.batteryuniversity.com.

References


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http://www.batteryuniversity.com/http://www.batteryuniversity.com/


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Modern Electric, Hybrid & Fuel Cell

Vehicles

Handbook of Automotive Power Electronicsand Motor Drives edited by Eli Amadi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_ion_battery

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/lithium-ion-battery.htm

References (Continued)


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Thank you foryour

attention !!!

If you want to find outmore about the author

please check outhttp://www.markanthonyg

bl thttp://www.tonygreen.name

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