literature & thought: we the people

8/4/2019 Literature & Thought: We the People

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^m r f m l t h b j D m i r j h j k

wmtcmpmbpdm

fbujOithbjsbfiamrhLij

kbvmrjamjt

kbvmrjamjtijOLurrmjtmvmjts


3/44

MOH_BWHIDOHWML_BW Lirbd Frijlhs

MSML]_HVMMOH_BW @ha \trhledmr

MOH_BWHID_MIA Eitm [hjzmjgurk, \cmrh Lbbpmr

IW_OHWML_BW Wijoy Amssmr

OM\HKJMW _bgh Lujjhjkcia

HAIKMWM\MIWLC_MIA Ij`ijmttm Cbukctidhjk, Wmgmlli Emiy

LBVMWIW_ @udhm Jhlcbdds / Lbrghs

7>97 ^mrfmlthbj Dmirjhjk

www.pmrfmlthbjdmirjhjk.lba

Idd rhkcts rmsmrvmo. Jb pirt bf tchs gbbe aiy gm rmprboulmo, stbrmo hj i rmtrhmvid systma, br

trijsahttmo hj ijy fbra br gy ijy amijs, mdmltrbjhl, amlcijhlid, pcbtblbpyhjk, rmlbrohjk,

br btcmrwhsm, whtcbut tcm prhbr pmrahsshbj bf tcm pugdhscmr. Fbr hjfbraithbj rmkirohjk

pmrahsshbjs, wrhtm tb0 ^mrahsshbjs Ompirtamjt, ^mrfmlthbj Dmirjhjk, 763> Gmreschrm

^irewiy, Oms Abhjms, Hbwi =>-;389-378>-?

^G H\GJ-9-;389-378>-6

CG H\GJ-9>0 9-69


4/44

ObmstcmLbjsthtuthbjwbretbOiy2

_cm qumsthbj igbvm hs tcm mssmjthid qumsthbj tcit ybu whdd lbjshomr isybu rmio tchs gbbe. _cm smdmlthbjs, ilthvhthms, ijo brkijhzithbj bf tcm

gbbe whdd dmio ybu tb tchje lrhthliddy igbut tchs qumsthbj ijo tb omvmdbp

i ommpmr ujomrstijohjk bf cbw mffmlthvm tcm Lbjsthtuthbj hs tboiy.

LD]\_MW BJM [cit homis scipmo tcm Fbujomrs2

Lrtlid _cjej \edd IJIDyzhJk \B]WLM\

LD]\_MW _[B Cbw obms tcm Lbjsthtuthbj sifmkuiro ikihjst tyrijjy2

Lrtlid _cjej \edd LBapIWhJk pBhJ_\ Bf VhM[

LD]\_MW _CWMM [cit lbaprbahsms hj tcm Lbjsthtuthbj aittmr tboiy2

Lrtlid _cjej \edd MVID]I_hJk IWk]aMJ_\

LD]\_MW fB]W _chjehjk bj ybur bwj

Lrtlid _cjej \edd hJ_MkWI_hJk \B]WLM\ Bf

hJfBWaI_hBJ

Jbthlm tcit tcm fhjid ldustmr ises ybu tb tchje hjompmjomjtdy igbut ybur

ijswmr tb tcm mssmjthid qumsthbjObms tcm Lbjsthtuthbj wbre tboiy2


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6/44

wmtcmpmbpdmbftcmujhtmOstitms

. . . ob broihj ijo mstigdhsc tchs Lbjsthtuthbj fbr

tcm ]jhtmo \titms bf Iamrhli.

frba tcm ^rmiagdm tb tcm ].\. Lbjsthtuthbj,

wrhttmj hj 9;3; ijo rithfhmo hj 9;33


7/44

6

tigdmbfLbjtmjts

^rmfilm 7

[cb Wudms2 I Lism \tuoy hj ^bwmr

IDMLAILK HDD H\ Ijidyshs 9>3

Dithjbs Wmaiem tcm Mdmltbrid Aip

CMJWX FDBWM\ Ijidyshs 99?

Jb Abrm Wilhid Kmrryaijomrhjk

D HJOILCIVMP Lbduaj 99;

Wmspbjoj tb Ldustmr _crmm

[ iv0 mv i lps 97 >

;


9/44

3

ldu\tmr fbur tchje hjkbj ybur bwj 97 9

l t \ hjtmkrithjk \burlm\ bf hjfbraithbj

Jmmoy \tuomjts Jmmo Iho

M\_CMWLM^MOI Lbduaj 977

Fit Lit ]jhvmrshthms Objt Jmmo Iho

@I\BJ AI__MWI Lbduaj 97?

Iamrhlijs Vhmw Gishl Frmmobas

F HW\_IAMJOAMJ_ LMJ_MW \urvmy 97;

Wmvmrmjlm fbr tcm Lbjsthtuthbj

@ HDDDM^BWM Irthldm 978

_cm \pbhdmo-Grit Iamrhlij Mdmltbritm

M]KMJMWBGHJ\BJ Lbduaj 9


10/44

8

L W M I _ H J K L B J _ M S _

tcmLbjsthtuthbjbftcm

ujhtmOstitms

[m tcm ^mbpdm bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms, hj Bromr tbfbra i abrm pmrfmlt ]jhbj, mstigdhsc @usthlm, hjsurm

obamsthl _rijquhdhty, prbvhom fbr tcm lbaabj

omfmjsm, prbabtm tcm kmjmrid [mdfirm, ijo smlurm tcm

Gdmsshjks bf Dhgmrty tb bursmdvms ijo bur ^bstmrhty, ob

broihj ijo mstigdhsc tchs Lbjsthtuthbj fbr tcm ]jhtmo

\titms bf Iamrhli.

Irthldm H

\mlthbj 9 Idd dmkhsdithvm ^bwmrs cmrmhj krijtmo scidd

gm vmstmo hj i Lbjkrmss bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms, wchlcscidd lbjshst bf i \mjitm ijo Cbusm bf

Wmprmsmjtithvms.

\mlthbj 7 _cm Cbusm bf Wmprmsmjtithvms scidd gm

lbapbsmo bf Amagmrs lcbsmj mvmry smlbjo Xmir gy

tcm ^mbpdm bf tcm smvmrid \titms, ijo tcm Mdmltbrs hj

milc \titm scidd civm tcm Yuidhfhlithbjs rmquhshtm fbr

Mdmltbrs bf tcm abst juamrbus Grijlc bf tcm \titm

Dmkhsditurm.

Jb ^mrsbj scidd gm i Wmprmsmjtithvm wcb scidd jbt

civm ittihjmo tb tcm Ikm bf twmjty fhvm Xmirs, ijo

gmmj smvmj Xmirs i Lhthzmj bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms, ijo

wcb scidd jbt, wcmj mdmltmo, gm ij Hjcightijt bf tcit

\titm hj wchlc cm scidd gm lcbsmj.

_cm iltuid Mjuamrithbj scidd gm aiom whtchj tcrmm

Xmirs iftmr tcm fhrst Ammthjk bf tcm Lbjkrmss bf tcm

]jhtmo \titms, ijo whtchj mvmry sugsmqumjt _mra bf

tmj Xmirs, hj sulc Aijjmr is tcmy scidd gy Diw

ohrmlt. _cm Juagmr bf Wmprmsmjtithvms scidd jbt

mxlmmo bjm fbr mvmry tchrty _cbusijo, gut milc \titmscidd civm it Dmist bjm Wmprmsmjtithvm5 ijo ujthd sulc

mjuamrithbj scidd gm aiom, tcm \titm bf Jmw

Ciapschrm scidd gm mjthtdmo tb lcbbsm tcrmm,

Aissilcusmtts mhkct, Wcbom-Hsdijo ijo ^rbvhomjlm

^dijtithbjs bjm, Lbjjmlthlut fhvm, Jmw-Xbre shx, Jmw

@mrsmy fbur, ^mjjsydvijhi mhkct, Omdiwirm bjm,

Airydijo shx, Vhrkhjhi tmj, Jbrtc Lirbdhji fhvm, \butc

Lirbdhji fhvm, ijo Kmbrkhi tcrmm.

^rmiagdm

_cm fhrst tcrmm wbros bf tcm^rmiagdm omldirm tcit tcmpmbpdm, ritcmr tcij i ehjk br tcmstitms, cio tcm dmkhthaitm pbwmrtb lrmitm i jithbjid kbvmrjamjt.Wmio igbut tcm sburlm bfkbvmrjamjt iutcbrhty hj AikjiLirti ijo Hts Iamrhlij Dmkily,pikms ;,ijo cbw ht wbres tboiy hj[cb Wudms2 I Lism \tuoy hj^bwmr, gy Idml AilKhddhs,pikms 9>399


11/44

9>

[cmj vilijlhms cippmj hj tcm

Wmprmsmjtithbj frba ijy \titm, tcm Mxmluthvm

Iutcbrhty tcmrmbf scidd hssum [rhts bf Mdmlthbj

tb fhdd sulc Vilijlhms.

_cm Cbusm bf Wmprmsmjtithvms scidd lcbbsm

tcmhr \pmiemr ijo btcmr Bffhlmrs5 ijo scidd

civm tcm sbdm ^bwmr bf Hapmilcamjt.

\mlthbj < _cm \mjitm bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms

scidd gm lbapbsmo bf twb \mjitbrs frba milc

\titm, tcmrmbf fbr shx Xmirs5 ijo milc \mjitbr

scidd civm bjm Vbtm.

Haamohitmdy iftmr tcmy scidd gm issmagdmo hj

Lbjsmqumjlm bf tcm fhrst Mdmlthbj, tcmy scidd

gm ohvhomo is mquiddy is aiy gm hjtb tcrmm

Ldissms. _cm \mits bf tcm \mjitbrs bf tcm fhrst

Ldiss scidd gm vilitmo it tcm Mxphrithbj bf tcm

smlbjo Xmir, bf tcm smlbjo Ldiss it tcm Mxphrithbj bf

tcm fburtc Xmir, ijo bf tcm tchro Ldiss it tcm

Mxphrithbj bf tcm shxtc Xmir, sb tcit bjm tchro aiy gm

lcbsmj mvmry smlbjo Xmir.

Jb ^mrsbj scidd gm i \mjitbr wcb scidd jbt civm

ittihjmo tb tcm Ikm bf tchrty Xmirs, ijo gmmj jhjm

Xmirs i Lhthzmj bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms, ijo wcb sciddjbt, wcmj mdmltmo, gm ij Hjcightijt bf tcit \titm fbr

wchlc cm scidd gm lcbsmj.

_cm Vhlm ^rmshomjt bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms scidd gm

^rmshomjt bf tcm \mjitm, gut scidd civm jb Vbtm,

ujdmss tcmy gm mquiddy ohvhomo.

_cm \mjitm scidd lcbbsm tcmhr btcmr Bffhlmrs, ijo idsb

i ^rmshomjt prb tmapbrm, hj tcm Igsmjlm bf tcm Vhlm

^rmshomjt, br wcmj cm scidd mxmrlhsm tcm Bffhlm bf

^rmshomjt bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms.

_cm \mjitm scidd civm tcm sbdm ^bwmr tb try idd

Hapmilcamjts. [cmj shtthjk fbr tcit ^urpbsm, tcmy

scidd gm bj Bitc br Iffhraithbj. [cmj tcm ^rmshomjt

bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms hs trhmo, tcm Lchmf @usthlm scidd

prmshom0 Ijo jb ^mrsbj scidd gm lbjvhltmo whtcbut

tcm Lbjlurrmjlm bf twb tchros bf tcm Amagmrs

prmsmjt.

9>


ijo Ifrhlij Iamrhlijs. _cmyomlhomo tcit bjdy tcm fmw JithvmIamrhlijs wcb bwjmo prbpmrty

ijo tcus piho tixms wbudo gmlbujtmo, ijo tcit mjsdivmoIfrhlij Iamrhlijs wbudo lbujtis bjdy tcrmm-fhftcs bf i pmrsbj._chs systma oho jbt lcijkm ujthd9363, wcmj tcm rithfhlithbj bf

tcm Fburtmmjtc Iamjoamjtkrijtmo fudd lhthzmjschp tbmvmrybjm gbrj hj tcm ]jhtmo\titms. Wmio igbut rmohstrhlthjktcm Cbusm hj Jb Abrm WilhidKmrryaijomrhjk, gy DhjoiLcivmz, pikms 99;998.

\mlthbj


12/44

9999


tcm aiss bf vbtmrs, wbudolcbbsm smjitbrs. _chs rmaihjmotcm prblmss ujthd 989


13/44

97


\mlthbj ; Hj ij mffbrt tbgidijlm pbwmr gmtwmmjLbjkrmss ijo tcm prmshomjt, tcm

Lbjsthtuthbj khvms tcm Lbjkrmsstcm rhkct tb bvmrrhom iprmshomjthid vmtb, hf twb-tchros bftcm amagmrs bf gbtc cbusms bfLbjkrmss vbtm tb ob sb. Wmioigbut tcm tcrmm grijlcms bfkbvmrjamjt hj _cm \mpirithbjbf ^bwmrs, gy Girbj omAbjtmsquhmu, pikms ;?;;.

Jbt ujthd 9366 oho Lbjkrmss

bvmrrhom i prmshomjthid vmtb bj i

ai`br ghdd. Hj 9366, tcm ymirfbddbwhjk tcm mjo bf tcm Lhvhd[ir, ^rmshomjt Ijormw @bcjsbjvmtbmo i ghdd tb mxtmjo tcmpbwmrs bf i kbvmrjamjt ikmjlylcirkmo whtc cmdphjk rmlmjtdyfrmmo sdivms. Cm idsb vmtbmo i ghddtcit kivm fudd lhvhd rhkcts tb iddlhthzmjs whtcbut rmkiro tb rilm.Lbjkrmss bvmrrbom gbtc vmtbms,ijo tcm ghdds gmliam diws.

tcm ]jhtmo \titms. _cmy scidd hj idd Lisms, mxlmpt

_rmisbj, Fmdbjy ijo Grmilc bf tcm ^milm, gm prhvhdmkmo

frba Irrmst ourhjk tcmhr Ittmjoijlm it tcm \msshbj bf

tcmhr rmspmlthvm Cbusms, ijo hj kbhjk tb ijo rmturjhjk

frba tcm siam5 ijo fbr ijy \pmmlc br Omgitm hj

mhtcmr Cbusm, tcmy scidd jbt gm qumsthbjmo hj ijy

btcmr ^dilm.

Jb \mjitbr br Wmprmsmjtithvm scidd, ourhjk tcm _ham

fbr wchlc cm wis mdmltmo, gm ippbhjtmo tb ijy lhvhd

Bffhlm ujomr tcm Iutcbrhty bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms, wchlc

scidd civm gmmj lrmitmo, br tcm Mabduamjts wcmrmbf

scidd civm gmmj hjlrmismo ourhjk sulc tham5 ijo jb

^mrsbj cbdohjk ijy Bffhlm ujomr tcm ]jhtmo \titms,

scidd gm i Amagmr bf mhtcmr Cbusm ourhjk chsLbjthjuijlm hj Bffhlm.

\mlthbj ; Idd Ghdds fbr rihshjk Wmvmjum scidd brhkhjitm

hj tcm Cbusm bf Wmprmsmjtithvms5 gut tcm \mjitm aiy

prbpbsm br lbjlur whtc Iamjoamjts is bj btcmr Ghdds.

Mvmry Ghdd wchlc scidd civm pissmo tcm Cbusm bf

Wmprmsmjtithvms ijo tcm \mjitm, scidd, gmfbrm ht

gmlbam i Diw, gm prmsmjtmo tb tcm ^rmshomjt bf tcm

]jhtmo \titms0 Hf cm ipprbvm cm scidd shkj ht, gut hf jbt

cm scidd rmturj ht, whtc chs Bg`mlthbjs tb tcit Cbusm hj

wchlc ht scidd civm brhkhjitmo, wcb scidd mjtmr tcm

Bg`mlthbjs it dirkm bj tcmhr @burjid, ijo prblmmo tb

rmlbjshomr ht. Hf iftmr sulc Wmlbjshomrithbj twb tchros

bf tcit Cbusm scidd ikrmm tb piss tcm Ghdd, ht scidd gm

smjt, tbkmtcmr whtc tcm Bg`mlthbjs, tb tcm btcmr Cbusm,

gy wchlc ht scidd dhemwhsm gm rmlbjshomrmo, ijo hf

ipprbvmo gy twb tchros bf tcit Cbusm, ht scidd gmlbam

i Diw. Gut hj idd sulc Lisms tcm Vbtms bf gbtc Cbusms

scidd gm omtmrahjmo gy ymis ijo Jiys, ijo tcm

Jiams bf tcm ^mrsbjs vbthjk fbr ijo ikihjst tcm Ghdd

scidd gm mjtmrmo bj tcm @burjid bf milc Cbusmrmspmlthvmdy. Hf ijy Ghdd scidd jbt gm rmturjmo gy tcm

^rmshomjt whtchj tmj Oiys (\ujoiys mxlmptmo) iftmr ht

scidd civm gmmj prmsmjtmo tb cha, tcm \iam scidd gm i

Diw, hj dhem Aijjmr is hf cm cio shkjmo ht, ujdmss tcm

Lbjkrmss gy tcmhr Io`burjamjt prmvmjt hts Wmturj, hj

wchlc Lism ht scidd jbt gm i Diw.


14/44

93.Cbwmvmr, hddmkid hapbrtithbjlbjthjumo ujthd tcm Lhvhd [ir.

_b omldirm [ir, krijt Dmttmrs bf Airqum ijo

Wmprhsid, ijo aiem Wudms lbjlmrjhjk Lipturms bj

Dijo ijo [itmr5

_b rihsm ijo suppbrt Irahms, gut jb Ipprbprhithbj bfAbjmy tb tcit ]sm scidd gm fbr i dbjkmr _mra tcij

twb Xmirs5

_b prbvhom ijo aihjtihj i Jivy5

_b aiem Wudms fbr tcm Kbvmrjamjt ijo Wmkudithbj bf

tcm dijo ijo jivid Fbrlms5

_b prbvhom fbr liddhjk fbrtc tcm Ahdhthi tb mxmlutm tcm

Diws bf tcm ]jhbj, supprmss Hjsurrmlthbjs ijo

rmpmd Hjvishbjs5

_b prbvhom fbr brkijhzhjk, irahjk, ijo ohslhpdhjhjk,

tcm Ahdhthi, ijo fbr kbvmrjhjk sulc ^irt bf tcma is

aiy gm mapdbymo hj tcm \mrvhlm bf tcm ]jhtmo

\titms, rmsmrvhjk tb tcm \titms rmspmlthvmdy, tcm

Ippbhjtamjt bf tcm Bffhlmrs, ijo tcm Iutcbrhty bf

trihjhjk tcm Ahdhthi illbrohjk tb tcm ohslhpdhjm

prmslrhgmo gy Lbjkrmss5

_b mxmrlhsm mxldushvm Dmkhsdithbj hj idd Lisms

wcitsbmvmr, bvmr sulc Ohstrhlt (jbt mxlmmohjk tmj

Ahdms squirm) is aiy, gy Lmsshbj bf pirthludir\titms, ijo tcm Illmptijlm bf Lbjkrmss, gmlbam tcm

\mit bf tcm Kbvmrjamjt bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms, ijo tb

mxmrlhsm dhem Iutcbrhty bvmr idd ^dilms purlcismo gy

tcm Lbjsmjt bf tcm Dmkhsditurm bf tcm \titm hj wchlc

tcm \iam scidd gm, fbr tcm Mrmlthbj bf Fbrts,

Aikizhjms, Irsmjids, oble-Xiros, ijo btcmr jmmofud

Guhdohjks5Ijo

_b aiem idd Diws wchlc scidd gm jmlmssiry ijo

prbpmr fbr lirryhjk hjtb Mxmluthbj tcm fbrmkbhjk

^bwmrs, ijo idd btcmr ^bwmrs vmstmo gy tchsLbjsthtuthbj hj tcm Kbvmrjamjt bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms,

br hj ijy Ompirtamjt br Bffhlmr tcmrmbf.

\mlthbj 8 _cm Ahkrithbj br Hapbrtithbj bf sulc

^mrsbjs is ijy bf tcm \titms jbw mxhsthjk scidd tchje

prbpmr tb ioaht, scidd jbt gm prbchghtmo gy tcm

Lbjkrmss prhbr tb tcm Xmir bjm tcbusijo mhkct

cujormo ijo mhkct, gut i _ix br outy aiy gm

hapbsmo bj sulc Hapbrtithbj, jbt mxlmmohjk tmj

obddirs fbr milc ^mrsbj.


16/44

9=


Cigmis lbrpushj Dithj amijsybu aiy civm tcm gboy(pmrsbj). _cbsm wmrm brhkhjiddy

tcm fhrst wbros bf tcm wrht, brwrhttmj dmkid obluamjt, tcitrmquhrms diw bffhlmrs tb grhjk ijirrmstmo pmrsbj gmfbrm i lburt tbomlhom hf tcm irrmst hs ùsthfhmo._chs ldiusm hj tcm Lbjsthtuthbjkuirijtmms tcit pmbpdm lijjbtgm cmdo hj ìhd whtcbut liusm.

I ghdd bf ittihjomr hs i dmkhsdithvmilt tcit tiems iwiy tcm lhvhd

rhkcts br prbpmrty bf sbambjmillusmo bf i lrham whtcbuti trhid.

Ij mx pbst filtbdiwomldirms hddmkid ij

ilthbj tcit wisdmkid wcmj htcippmjmo.

\mlthbj 9> Hjrmilthbj tbtcm prbgdmasliusmo gy tcmwmiejmssms bf

tcm Irthldms bf

Lbjfmomrithbj,omdmkitms

homjthfhmo ilthbjstcit hjohvhouidstitms lbudo jbt

ob. Wmio igbut tcm irkuamjtsfbr ijo ikihjst i strbjk fmomridkbvmrjamjt hj _cm Fmomridhstîpmrs, gy @iams Aiohsbj,pikms 3?38, ijo hj Bg`mlthbjstb tcm Lbjsthtuthbj, gy Kmbrkm

Aisbj, pikms 8>8 Jb \titm scidd mjtmr hjtb ijy _rmity,

Iddhijlm, br Lbjfmomrithbj5 krijt Dmttmrs bf Airqum

ijo Wmprhsid5 lbhj Abjmy5 maht Ghdds bf Lrmoht5 aiem

ijy _chjk gut kbdo ijo shdvmr Lbhj i _mjomr hjîyamjt bf Omgts5 piss ijy Ghdd bf Ittihjomr, mx

pbst filtb Diw, br Diw hapihrhjk tcm Bgdhkithbj bf

Lbjtrilts, br krijt ijy _htdm bf Jbghdhty.

Jb \titm scidd, whtcbut tcm Lbjsmjt bf tcm Lbjkrmss,

diy ijy Hapbsts br Outhms bj Hapbrts br Mxpbrts,

mxlmpt wcit aiy gm igsbdutmdy jmlmssiry fbr

mxmluthjk UhtsQ hjspmlthbj Diws0 ijo tcm jmt ^rboulm

@iams Aiohsbj


17/44

96


Irthldm HH _cm Mxmluthvm

\mlthbj 9_cm jmw kbvmrjamjtjmmomo i lchmf mxmluthvm. _cm

bdo bjm, tcm Lbjfmomrithbj, ciojbjm. _cm bjm gmfbrm tcit, tcmGrhthsc Maphrm, cio i ehjk. _cmfriamrs ejmw tcit jmhtcmr bftcmsm typms bf kbvmrjamjtwbudo smrvm is i abomd. _cmLbjsthtuthbjid Lbjvmjthbj cio iprmshomjt, Kmbrkm [ischjktbj._cm thtdm ^rmshomjtbjm wcbprmshomssbujomo prbahshjk.

_cm mdmltbrs(cmrm tcm wbroamijs tcm pmrsbj ippbhjtmo tbvbtm fbr tcm prmshomjt hj tcmmdmltbrid lbddmkm) lcbsmj hj milcstitm ammt ijo list tcmhr vbtmsfbr i prmshomjt.

_cm friamrs bf tcm Lbjsthtuthbjomlhomo tcit wcmj tcm vbtmswmrm lbujtmo, tcm pmrsbj whtctcm smlbjo chkcmst juagmr bfvbtms wbudo gmlbam vhlm

prmshomjt. _cmrm wmrm jbbrkijhzmo pbdhthlid pirthms hj9;3;. _cm omdmkitms tb tcm

Lbjvmjthbj, dhem btcmrIamrhlijs bf tcmhr oiy, ohsdhemotcm homi bf i pbdhthlid pirty. _btcma ht amijt i spmlhid hjtmrmstkrbup tcit trhmo tb smhzm pbwmr.Wmio igbut tcm mdmltbrid lbddmkmsystma hj Dithjbs Wmaiem tcmMdmltbrid Aip, gy Cmjry Fdbrms,

pikms 99?996.

bf idd Outhms ijo Hapbsts, diho gy ijy \titm bj

Hapbrts br Mxpbrts, scidd gm fbr tcm ]sm bf tcm

_rmisury bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms5 ijo idd sulc Diws

scidd gm sug`mlt tb tcm Wmvhshbj ijo Lbjtrbd bf

tcm Lbjkrmss.

Jb \titm scidd, whtcbut tcm Lbjsmjt bf Lbjkrmss, diy

ijy Outy bf _bjjikm, emmp _rbbps, br \chps bf [ir hj

tham bf ^milm, mjtmr hjtb ijy Ikrmmamjt br Lbapilt

whtc ijbtcmr \titm, br whtc i fbrmhkj ^bwmr, br

mjkikm hj [ir, ujdmss iltuiddy hjviomo, br hj sulc

haahjmjt Oijkmr is whdd jbt ioaht bf omdiy.

Irthldm HH

\mlthbj 9 _cm mxmluthvm bwmr scidd gm vmstmo hj i^rmshomjt bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms bf Iamrhli. Cm scidd

cbdo chs Bffhlm ourhjk tcm _mra bf fbur Xmirs, ijo,

tbkmtcmr whtc tcm Vhlm ^rmshomjt, lcbsmj fbr tcm

siam _mra, gm mdmltmo, is fbddbws0

Milc \titm scidd ippbhjt, hj sulc Aijjmr is tcm

Dmkhsditurm tcmrmbf aiy ohrmlt, i Juagmr bf Mdmltbrs,

mquid tb tcm wcbdm Juagmr bf \mjitbrs ijo

Wmprmsmjtithvms tb wchlc tcm \titm aiy gm mjthtdmo hj

tcm Lbjkrmss0 gut jb \mjitbr br Wmprmsmjtithvm, br

^mrsbj cbdohjk ij Bffhlm bf _rust br ^rbfht ujomr tcm]jhtmo \titms, scidd gm ippbhjtmo ij Mdmltbr.

_cm Lbjkrmss aiy omtmrahjm tcm _ham bf lcbbshjk

tcm Mdmltbrs, ijo tcm Oiy bj wchlc tcmy scidd khvm

tcmhr Vbtms5 wchlc Oiy scidd gm tcm siam tcrbukcbut

tcm ]jhtmo \titms.

Jb ^mrsbj mxlmpt i jiturid gbrj Lhthzmj, br i Lhthzmj

bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms, it tcm tham bf tcm Iobpthbj bf

tchs Lbjsthtuthbj, scidd gm mdhkhgdm tb tcm Bffhlm bf

^rmshomjt5 jmhtcmr scidd ijy ^mrsbj gm mdhkhgdm tb tcitBffhlm wcb scidd jbt civm ittihjmo tb tcm Ikm bf

tchrty fhvm Xmirs, ijo gmmj fburtmmj Xmirs i Wmshomjt

whtchj tcm ]jhtmo \titms.

_cm ^rmshomjt scidd, it stitmo _hams, rmlmhvm fbr chs

\mrvhlms, i Lbapmjsithbj, wchlc scidd jmhtcmr gm

hjlrmismo jbr ohahjhscmo ourhjk tcm ^mrhbo fbr wchlc

cm scidd civm gmmj mdmltmo, ijo cm scidd jbt rmlmhvm

whtchj tcit ^mrhbo ijy btcmr Mabduamjt frba tcm

]jhtmo \titms, br ijy bf tcma.


18/44

9;


Gmfbrm cm mjtmr bj tcm Mxmluthbj bf chs Bffhlm, cm

scidd tiem tcm fbddbwhjk Bitc br Iffhraithbj0--"H ob

sbdmajdy swmir (br iffhra) tcit H whdd fihtcfuddy

mxmlutm tcm Bffhlm bf ^rmshomjt bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms,

ijo whdd tb tcm gmst bf ay Ighdhty, prmsmrvm, prbtmlt

ijo omfmjo tcm Lbjsthtuthbj bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms."

\mlthbj 7 _cm ^rmshomjt scidd gm Lbaaijomr hj

Lchmf bf tcm Iray ijo Jivy bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms, ijo

bf tcm Ahdhthi bf tcm smvmrid \titms, wcmj liddmo hjtb

tcm iltuid \mrvhlm bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms5 cm aiy

rmquhrm tcm Bphjhbj, hj wrhthjk, bf tcm prhjlhpid

Bffhlmr hj milc bf tcm mxmluthvm Ompirtamjts, upbj

ijy \ug`mlt rmdithjk tb tcm Outhms bf tcmhr rmspmlthvm

Bffhlms, ijo cm scidd civm ^bwmr tb krijt Wmprhmvmsijo ^irobjs fbr Bffmjlms ikihjst tcm ]jhtmo \titms,

mxlmpt hj Lisms bf Hapmilcamjt.

Cm scidd civm ^bwmr, gy ijo whtc tcm Iovhlm ijo

Lbjsmjt bf tcm \mjitm, tb aiem _rmithms, prbvhomo

twb tchros bf tcm \mjitbrs prmsmjt lbjlur5 ijo cm

scidd jbahjitm, ijo gy ijo whtc tcm Iovhlm ijo

Lbjsmjt bf tcm \mjitm, scidd ippbhjt

Iagissiobrs, btcmr pugdhl Ahjhstmrs ijo

Lbjsuds, @uokms bf tcm suprmam Lburt, ijo idd

btcmr Bffhlmrs bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms, wcbsmIppbhjtamjts irm jbt cmrmhj btcmrwhsm

prbvhomo fbr, ijo wchlc scidd gm mstigdhscmo gy

Diw0 gut tcm Lbjkrmss aiy gy Diw vmst tcm

Ippbhjtamjt bf sulc hjfmrhbr Bffhlmrs, is tcmy

tchje prbpmr, hj tcm ^rmshomjt idbjm, hj tcm

Lburts bf Diw, br hj tcm Cmios bf Ompirtamjts.

_cm ^rmshomjt scidd civm ^bwmr tb fhdd up idd

Vilijlhms tcit aiy cippmj ourhjk tcm Wmlmss

bf tcm \mjitm, gy krijthjk Lbaahsshbjs wchlc

scidd mxphrm it tcm Mjo bf tcmhr jmxt \msshbj.

\mlthbj < Cm scidd frba tham tb tham khvm tb

tcm Lbjkrmss Hjfbraithbj bf tcm \titm bf tcm

]jhbj, ijo rmlbaamjo tb tcmhr Lbjshomrithbj

sulc Amisurms is cm scidd `uokm jmlmssiry ijo

mxpmohmjt5 cm aiy, bj mxtribrohjiry Bllishbjs,

lbjvmjm gbtc Cbusms, br mhtcmr bf tcma, ijo hj Lism

bf Ohsikrmmamjt gmtwmmj tcma, whtc Wmspmlt tb tcm

_ham bf Io`burjamjt, cm aiy io`burj tcma tb sulc

\mlthbj 7 _cm prmshomjt, is tcmlbaaijomr hj lchmf bf tcmahdhtiry, butrijes idd tcm ahdhtiry

dmiomrs. Cbwmvmr, cm lijjbtomldirm wir. Bjdy Lbjkrmss lij

ob tcit (smm Irthldm H, \mlthbj 3).Wmio igbut tcm omgitm bvmr tcmprmshomjts pbwmrs islbaaijomr hj lchmf hj [cmj HsGbaghjk Lbjsthtuthbjid2 gy_i-Jmchsh Lbitms ijolbjtrhgutbrs tb chs gdbk,pikms ;33


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93


_ham is cm scidd tchje prbpmr5 cm scidd rmlmhvm

Iagissiobrs ijo btcmr pugdhl Ahjhstmrs5 cm scidd tiem

Lirm tcit tcm Diws gm fihtcfuddy mxmlutmo, ijo scidd

Lbaahsshbj idd tcm Bffhlmrs bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms.

\mlthbj ? _cm ^rmshomjt, Vhlm ^rmshomjt ijo idd lhvhd

Bffhlmrs bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms, scidd gm rmabvmo frba

Bffhlm bj Hapmilcamjt fbr, ijo Lbjvhlthbj bf,

_rmisbj, Grhgmry, br btcmr chkc Lrhams ijo

Ahsomamijbrs.

Irthldm HHH

\mlthbj 9 _cm ùohlhid ^bwmr bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms

scidd gm vmstmo hj bjm suprmam Lburt, ijo hj sulc

hjfmrhbr Lburts is tcm Lbjkrmss aiy frba tham tbtham broihj ijo mstigdhsc. _cm @uokms, gbtc bf tcm

suprmam ijo hjfmrhbr Lburts, scidd cbdo tcmhr Bffhlms

ourhjk kbbo Gmcivhbr, ijo scidd, it stitmo _hams,

rmlmhvm fbr tcmhr \mrvhlms i Lbapmjsithbj, wchlc scidd

jbt gm ohahjhscmo ourhjk tcmhr Lbjthjuijlm hj Bffhlm.

\mlthbj 7 _cm ùohlhid ^bwmr scidd mxtmjo tb idd

Lisms, hj Diw ijo Mquhty, irhshjk ujomr tchs

Lbjsthtuthbj, tcm Diws bf tcm ]jhtmo \titms, ijo

_rmithms aiom, br wchlc scidd gm aiom, ujomr tcmhr

Iutcbrhty5tb idd Lisms iffmlthjk Iagissiobrs,btcmr pugdhl Ahjhstmrs ijo Lbjsuds5tb idd Lisms bf

ioahridty ijo airhtham @urhsohlthbj5tb

Lbjtrbvmrshms tb wchlc tcm ]jhtmo \titms scidd gm i

îrty5tb Lbjtrbvmrshms gmtwmmj twb br abrm

\titms5gmtwmmj i \titm ijo Lhthzmjs bf ijbtcmr

\titm,gmtwmmj Lhthzmjs bf ohffmrmjt \titms,

gmtwmmj Lhthzmjs bf tcm siam \titm ldihahjk Dijos

ujomr Krijts bf ohffmrmjt \titms, ijo gmtwmmj i

\titm, br tcm Lhthzmjs tcmrmbf, ijo fbrmhkj \titms,

Lhthzmjs br \ug`mlts.Hj idd Lisms iffmlthjk Iagissiobrs, btcmr pugdhl

Ahjhstmrs ijo Lbjsuds, ijo tcbsm hj wchlc i \titm

scidd gm îrty, tcm suprmam Lburt scidd civm brhkhjid

@urhsohlthbj. Hj idd tcm btcmr Lisms gmfbrm amjthbjmo,

tcm suprmam Lburt scidd civm ippmdditm @urhsohlthbj,

gbtc is tb Diw ijo Filt, whtc sulc Mxlmpthbjs, ijo

ujomr sulc Wmkudithbjs is tcm Lbjkrmss scidd aiem.

\mlthbj ? Ij hapmilcamjt hsij illusithbj. Ij hjohvhouid wcbhs hapmilcmo hs rmabvmo frba

bffhlm bjdy hf lbjvhltmo.

Irthldm HHH _cm @uohlhiry

\mlthbj 9Fmomrid ùokms cbdotcmhr ippbhjtamjts ourhjk kbbogmcivhbr. _cit hs, ujdmss tcmylbaaht i smrhbus bffmjsm, tcmylijjbt gm rmabvmo frba bffhlm._cmhr sidirhms lijjbt gmrmoulmo, mhtcmr.

\mlthbj 7 Lisms hj diw ijomquhty amijs idd dmkid aittmrslbvmrmo mhtcmr gy diws mjiltmogy Lbjkrmss br gy bvmrrhohjkprhjlhpdms bf jiturid diw.

_cm \uprmam Lburt cis tcmpbwmr tb omldirm i diwujlbjsthtuthbjid. _chs khvms tcmùohlhiry grijlc pbwmr tb lcmletcm dmkhsdithvm grijlc ijo tcmmxmluthvm grijlc.

Ippmdditm ùrhsohlthbj amijs tcittcm \uprmam Lburt cis tcmpbwmr tb rudm bj lisms frbadbwmr lburts.


20/44

98


\mlthbj 6, fbramr Vhlm ^rmshomjtIirbj Gurr wis illusmo bflbjsphrhjk whtc \pihj tbsmpiritm Dbuhshiji frba tcm

]jhtmo \titms ijo lrmitm i jmwjithbj. Cm wis trhmo fbr trmisbj.Lchmf @usthlm @bcj Airscidd, wcbprmshomo it tcm trhid, cmdo tb tcmLbjsthtuthbjs omfhjhthbj bftrmisbj is wikhjk wir br `bhjhjkwhtc tcm mjmahms bf tcm ]jhtmo\titms. ]shjk tchs omfhjhthbj, tcmlburt ilquhttmo Gurr.

Irthldm HV _cm \titms

\mlthbj 9 Fudd fihtc ijo lrmohtamijs tcit milc stitms diws ijolburt rudhjks aust gm rmlbkjhzmois dmkid hj mvmry btcmr stitm.

\mlthbj 7 Lhthzmjschp hj tcm]jhtmo \titms hs grbiomr tcijstitm dhjms5 idd hts rhkcts ijoprhvhdmkms kb whtc ij hjohvhouidwcb abvms frba stitm tb stitm.

_cm dist ldiusm wis i wiy bfomidhjk whtc rujiwiys fdmmhjkfrba sdivmry. \ulc pmrsbjs lbudojbt gmlbam frmm, mvmj hf tcmymslipmo tb i frmm stitm. _cmy

cio tb gm rmturjmo tb tcm stitmfrba wchlc tcmy liam.

\mlthbj


21/44

7>


\mlthbj ? \titms lij rmqumstfmomrid cmdp hj emmphjk bromr.

Irthldm V IamjoamjtsBrhkhjiddy, pirt bf tchs irthldmhjohrmltdy prbtmltmo sdivmry. Htfbrgiom ijy iamjoamjts tcitwbudo lcijkm tcm fhrst ijofburtc pirts bf Irthldm 9,\mlthbj 8, gmfbrm 93>3 ijo tcmmjo bf tcm Ifrhlij sdivm triom.

Fbr i obluamjt wrhttmj hj9;3;, tcm Lbjsthtuthbj cis cio

rmdithvmdy fmw iamjoamjts.Aijy stitm lbjsthtuthbjs civmcio fir abrm. Fbr mxiapdm, tcmstitm lbjsthtuthbj bf _mxis,wrhttmj hj 93;6, cis cio bvmr?6> iamjoamjts. Wmio igbutcbw pmbpdm tboiy vhmw tcmLbjsthtuthbj hj Wmvmrmjlm fbrtcm Lbjsthtuthbj, gy @hdd Dmpbrm,pikms 9789


22/44

79


Diws bf ijy \titm tb tcm Lbjtriry jbtwhtcstijohjk.

_cm \mjitbrs ijo Wmprmsmjtithvms gmfbrm amjthbjmo,

ijo tcm Amagmrs bf tcm smvmrid \titm Dmkhsditurms,

ijo idd mxmluthvm ijo `uohlhid Bffhlmrs, gbtc bf tcm]jhtmo \titms ijo bf tcm smvmrid \titms, scidd gm

gbujo gy Bitc br Iffhraithbj, tb suppbrt tchs

Lbjsthtuthbj5 gut jb rmdhkhbus _mst scidd mvmr gm

rmquhrmo is i Yuidhfhlithbj tb ijy Bffhlm br pugdhl

_rust ujomr tcm ]jhtmo \titms.

Irthldm VHH

_cm Withfhlithbj bf tcm Lbjvmjthbjs bf jhjm \titms,

scidd gm suffhlhmjt fbr tcm Mstigdhscamjt bf tchs

Lbjsthtuthbj gmtwmmj tcm \titms sb rithfyhjk tcm \iam.Ittmst [hddhia @ilesbj \mlrmtiry

UOQbjm hj Lbjvmjthbj gy tcm ]jijhabus Lbjsmjt bf

tcm \titms prmsmjt tcm \mvmjtmmjtc Oiy bf \mptmagmr

hj tcm Xmir bf bur Dbro bjm tcbusijo smvmj cujormo

ijo Mhkcty smvmj ijo bf tcm Hjompmjomjlm bf tcm

]jhtmo \titms bf Iamrhli tcm _wmdftc Hj whtjmss

wcmrmbf [m civm cmrmujtb sugslrhgmo bur Jiams,

K. [ischjktbj

^rmshot ijo omputy frba VhrkhjhiOmdiwirmKmb0 Wmio

Kujjhjk Gmofbro `uj

@bcj Ohlehjsbj

Whlciro Gissmtt

@ilb0 Grbba

Airydijo@iams AlCmjry

Oij bf \t _cbs. @mjhfmr

Oijd. Lirrbdd

Vhrkhjhi@bcj Gdihr

@iams Aiohsbj @r.

Jbrtc Lirbdhji[a. Gdbujt

Whlco. Obggs \pihkct

Cu [hddhiasbj

Irthldm VHH Withfhlithbj

_cm friamrs bf tcm Lbjsthtuthbjejmw tcit tcmhr prbpbsmoobluamjt wis lbjtrbvmrshid, sbkmtthjk rithfhlithbj, br ipprbvid,wbudo gm ohffhludt. Bf tcm ==amagmrs bf tcm lbjvmjthbj, bjdy9.

Kmbrkm [ischjktbj


23/44

77


\butc Lirbdhji@. Wutdmokm

Lcirdms Lbtmswbrtc ^hjlejmy

Lcirdms ^hjlejmy

^hmrlm Gutdmr

Kmbrkhi[hddhia Fmw

Igr Gidowhj

Jmw Ciapschrm@bcj Dijkobj

Jhlcbdis Khdaij

AissilcusmttsJitcijhmd Kbrcia

Wufus Ehjk

Lbjjmlthlut[a. \iad. @bcjsbj

Wbkmr \cmraij

Jmw XbreIdmxijomr Ciahdtbj

Jmw @mrsmy[hd0 Dhvhjkstbj

Oivho Grmirdmy

[a. ^itmrsbj

@bji0 Oiytbj

^mjjsydvijhiG Frijedhj

_cbais Ahffdhj

Wbgt. Abrrhs

Kmb. Ldyamr

_cbs. Fhtz\habjs

@irmo Hjkmrsbdd

@iams [hdsbjKbuv Abrrhs

Iamjoamjt H

Lbjkrmss scidd aiem jb diw rmspmlthjk ij

mstigdhscamjt bf rmdhkhbj, br prbchghthjk tcm frmm

mxmrlhsm tcmrmbf5 br igrhokhjk tcm frmmoba bf spmmlc,

br bf tcm prmss5 br tcm rhkct bf tcm pmbpdm pmilmigdy

tb issmagdm, ijo tb pmththbj tcm Kbvmrjamjt fbr i

rmormss bf krhmvijlms.

_b kmt mvmj jhjm bf tcm tchrtmmj

stitms tb rithfy wbudo gm istrukkdm. Cbwmvmr, tcm

suppbrtmrs bf tcm Lbjsthtuthbj,tcm Fmomridhsts, omlhomo tb khvmtcm obluamjt tb tcm pmbpdmtcmasmdvmsjbt tcm stitmdmkhsditurmstb rithfy. Milc stitmwbudo cbdo i spmlhid mdmlthbj tblcbbsm omdmkitms tb i rithfhlithbjlbjvmjthbj. _cit wiy tcm jmwLbjsthtuthbj wbudo rmiddyrmprmsmjt tcm whdd bf tcm^mbpdm.

Iamjoamjt H

Withfhmo 9;89_chs iamjoamjtprbtmlts fhvm bf tcm fujoiamjtidfrmmobas hj i rmpugdhl0 rmdhkhbj,spmmlc, prmss, issmagdy, ijopmththbj. Wmio igbut tcmhapbrtijlm bf frmmobas tb tcmFbujomrs hj Khvm Am Dhgmrty brKhvm Am Omitc! gy ^itrhleCmjry, pikms ===3. Wmio igbut

cbw pmbpdm vhmw tcm FhrstIamjoamjt tboiy hjIamrhlijs Vhmw GishlFrmmobas, gy tcm FhrstIamjoamjt Lmjtmr,pikms 97;973. Wmio igbutrmdhkhbj hj Iamrhlij chstbry hj"Wmdhkhbus _bdmrijlm hj Iamrhli,gy Whlciro Wborhkumz,pikms =7=?.


24/44

7

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