literature review substanceabusedisorders.mills

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Substance Abuse Disorders

June 14, 2011

Candace Mills

Paul Felker

Temple University - Harrisburg



Ferdinandi, A.D., Bethea, J. S. (2006). Counselor active rehabilitation service and the reduction

of hopelessness in Individuals with substance abuse disorders. Journal of Teaching in the

Addictions. 5 (2), 81-96.

This article talks about how the relationship between having counselor rehabilitative

services versus standard rehabilitative services can reduce the feelings of hopelessness in

individuals with substance abuse. The Counselor Active Rehabilitation Service Model was

developed in a community based substance abuse treatment center, in order to reduce

hopelessness in individuals with substance abuse disorders. The philosophy of this model is that

a counselor will engage the client in such a way that the client’s level of hope increases, which

will increase the self-esteem of the client, and the outcome for living a successful life. Recovery

for persons with substance abuse disorders is filled with emotional and social deficits that often

leave them with feelings of hopelessness. This hopelessness can impact negatively on

relationships, such as parenting, employee boss relationships, and life partner relationships.

Because individuals usually begin using drugs at an early age, there are major milestones that

can be missed in life. These milestones include graduation and having a good work record. These

choices can also lead to isolation from friends and family. Psychiatric Rehabilitation has begun

focusing on hope as a part of the recovery process. Hope is a major factor in assisting people

with mental illness or substance abuse issues and formulating realistic life goals.

This Counselor Active Rehabilitative Service model takes a realistic approach with

clients, as well as working to give clients a sense that they are not alone in their recovery

process. The clients work with counselors who meet them where they are and do not judge them,

and help to build a positive and more effective way of helping clients attain desired results.



I am a Psychiatric Rehabilitation Worker where we see hope as a big part of the recovery

process. Barlow and Durand state that the disease model of dependence assumes that drug

dependence is caused by an underlying physiological disorder. This biological perspective looks

at drug dependence in the same way as diabetes or asthma; a disease that cannot be blamed on

the individual. It goes on to say the AA and similar organizations see drug dependence as an

incurable disease over which the addict has no control. The feeling of hopelessness and

helplessness can begin when a person is struggling with substance abuse disorder and are trying

to change the circumstances in their life. If they are being taught that there is hope in recovery,

their process can be more successful. Individuals using the AA process usually have more

recurrent relapses, because they think of their disorder as a disease and not something they can

recovery from and have a positive future.

literature review substanceabusedisorders.mills

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