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Family Background

Born inBorn in PacoPaco in Manila, Philippines (September 15,in Manila, Philippines (September 15,19171917-- feast day of Saintfeast day of Saint NicomedesNicomedes ))

Father:Father: LeocadioLeocadio JoaquinJoaquin --procuradorprocurador (attorney) in(attorney) inthe Court of First Instance of Laguna ; colonel ofthe Court of First Instance of Laguna ; colonel ofGeneral Emilio JacintoGeneral Emilio Jacinto

Mother: Salome MarquezMother: Salome Marquez one of the first to beone of the first to betrained by the Americans in English ; teacher in atrained by the Americans in English ; teacher in apublic school in Manilapublic school in Manila

Ten children in the family, eight boys and two girls,Ten children in the family, eight boys and two girls,

with Nick as the fifth child.with Nick as the fifth child.


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Joaquin home :Joaquin home : HerranHerran Street inStreet in PacoPaco was a largewas a large

section of a twosection of a two--story residentialstory residential--commercialcommercial

buildingbuildingthe first such building inthe first such building in PacoPaco

Privileged home where Spanish was spokenPrivileged home where Spanish was spoken

children were tutored in Spanish and pianochildren were tutored in Spanish and piano

12 years old: lost family fortune; moved out12 years old: lost family fortune; moved out


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ACADEMIC BACKGROUNDElementary:Elementary: MapaMapa High School inHigh School in IntramurosIntramuros

Secondary:Secondary: MapaMapa High School inHigh School in IntramurosIntramuros (up to(up to3rd year)3rd year)

College: St. Albert College in Hong KongCollege: St. Albert College in Hong Kong

too intellectually restless to be confined in atoo intellectually restless to be confined in aclassroomclassroom

He left school,He left school, JoaqunJoaqun worked as aworked as a mozomozo (boy(boyapprentice) in a bakery inapprentice) in a bakery in PsayPsay and then as aand then as aprinters devil in the composing department of theprinters devil in the composing department of theTribune, of the TVT (TribuneTribune, of the TVT (Tribune--VanguardiaVanguardia--TalibaTaliba))

publishing company.publishing company.


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ACCOMPLISHMENTS

represented the Philippines at therepresented the Philippines at the InternationalInternational

PENPEN Congress inCongress in TokyoTokyo in 1957in 1957

appointed as a member of the Motion Picturesappointed as a member of the Motion Pictures

commission under presidentscommission under presidents DiosdadoDiosdado

MacapagalMacapagal andand Ferdinand E. MarcosFerdinand E. Marcos

honored as National Artisthonored as National Artist


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AWARDS/ WINNINGS:

19451945 best short story, Three Generationsbest short story, Three Generations

19491949 won literary contest held by Dominicanswon literary contest held by Dominicans

19601960 first Stone Hill Fellowship Award for The Womanfirst Stone Hill Fellowship Award for The Womanwho had two Navelswho had two Navels

19611961 Republic Cultural Heritage Awards for literatureRepublic Cultural Heritage Awards for literature

19641964 PatnubayPatnubay ngng SiningSining atat LakinanganLakinangan AwardAward

19761976 Conferred the title National Artist in LiteratureConferred the title National Artist in Literature


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Don CarlosDon Carlos PancaPancaMemorial Award:Memorial Award:

19581958 La VidalLa Vidal

19651965 DonaDona JeronimaJeronima

19761976 TheThe BeateasBeateasManila Critics CirclesManila Critics CirclesNational Book Awards:National Book Awards:

19831983 TheThe AquinosAquinos ofofTarlacTarlac

19861986 The Quartet of theThe Quartet of theTiger Moon: Scenes fromTiger Moon: Scenes fromthe Peoplethe People PowerPower

ApocalypseApocalypse

19881988 Culture andCulture and

on the Process ofon the Process ofPhilippinePhilippine

BecomingBecoming

19901990 The World ofThe World ofDamian Domingo: 19thDamian Domingo: 19th

Century Manila, coCentury Manila, co--written withwritten with

Luciano P.R. SantiagoLuciano P.R. Santiagoand Jamesand James OngpinOngpin

-- The Enigma: The ProfileThe Enigma: The Profileof a Filipino as Managerof a Filipino as Manager

Received the ESSOReceived the ESSOJournalism Award SeveralJournalism Award SeveralTimesTimes


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FAMILY BACKGROUND

1818 SeptemberSeptember 1965 in1965 in ManilaManila

native of Pasig Citynative of Pasig City


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ACCOMPLISHMENTS

poet and author of five collections of poetrypoet and author of five collections of poetry

All collections have won numerous awards for poetry fromAll collections have won numerous awards for poetry fromthe Don Carlosthe Don Carlos PalancaPalanca Memorial Awards for LiteratureMemorial Awards for Literature

Her study on Philippine literature titled,Her study on Philippine literature titled, TalinghagaTalinghaga ngngGanaGana:: AngAng BanalBanal sasa mgamga PilingPiling TulangTulang TagalogTagalog ngng IkaIka--2020

SigloSiglo (UST Publishing House, 2003), won the Gold Medal(UST Publishing House, 2003), won the Gold Medalfor Outstanding Dissertation at De La Salle Universityfor Outstanding Dissertation at De La Salle University--Manila and the National Book Award for Literary CriticismManila and the National Book Award for Literary Criticismfrom the Manila Critics Circle.from the Manila Critics Circle.

chairs the Filipino Department at Miriam College in Quezonchairs the Filipino Department at Miriam College in QuezonCity.City.


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What is the May Day Eve? Explain the

tradition that people celebrate during this

day?

A night of divination, night if lovers, and a nightA night of divination, night if lovers, and a night

where a person could see one's future husbandwhere a person could see one's future husband

or wife in a mirror. It is also a traditional springor wife in a mirror. It is also a traditional spring

holiday in many cultures.holiday in many cultures.


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(Europe) May Day is most associated with towns(Europe) May Day is most associated with towns

and villages celebrating springtime fertility andand villages celebrating springtime fertility and

revelry with village fetes and communityrevelry with village fetes and community

gatherings. Since May 1st is the Feast of Stgatherings. Since May 1st is the Feast of St

Philip & St James, they became the patron saintsPhilip & St James, they became the patron saintsof workers. Seeding has been completed by thisof workers. Seeding has been completed by this

date and it was convenient to give farmdate and it was convenient to give farm

labourerslabourers a day off. Perhaps the most significanta day off. Perhaps the most significant

of the traditions is the Maypole, around whichof the traditions is the Maypole, around whichtraditional dancers circle with ribbons.traditional dancers circle with ribbons.


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May Day Eve is the magic night, proper time toMay Day Eve is the magic night, proper time to

consult oracles, hold sances. Certain rites andconsult oracles, hold sances. Certain rites and

runes are supposed to enable you at midnight torunes are supposed to enable you at midnight to

behold in a mirror the face of the person fated tobehold in a mirror the face of the person fated tobe yours love.be yours love.


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Characters

AnastasiaAnastasia

--Old womanOld woman

--Believes inBelieves in

superstitiousuperstitiou

s beliefs belief

--She wasShe was

called acalled a

witchwitch


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How do you describe the love

between Agueda and Badoy?

AguedaAgueda andand BadoyBadoy both lived and loved with hate,both lived and loved with hate,

resentment, regret. They fell into the trap of the Mayresentment, regret. They fell into the trap of the May

Day Eve.Day Eve.

a case of unfounded lovea case of unfounded love -- more of an infatuationmore of an infatuation

scene.scene.

their love is that of a raging infatuation, notheir love is that of a raging infatuation, no

depth, no strong foothold, a mere "love at first sight"depth, no strong foothold, a mere "love at first sight"


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Literary devices used by Nick

Joaquin in the narrative

The telescoping/ uneven use of time frameThe telescoping/ uneven use of time frame

Three time frames were used in the story. FirstThree time frames were used in the story. First

time frame was the time where Donatime frame was the time where Dona AguedaAgueda waswas

still a girl and tried to see her fated man. The secondstill a girl and tried to see her fated man. The second

time frame was the time when Donatime frame was the time when Dona AguedaAgueda waswastelling her daughter about the devil she saw on thetelling her daughter about the devil she saw on the

mirror. The last time frame was when Donmirror. The last time frame was when Don BadoyBadoy sawsaw

his grandchild Voltaire doing the same thing as Donahis grandchild Voltaire doing the same thing as Dona

AguedaAgueda did many years ago.did many years ago.


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The depiction of dark metaphorsof witch and devil to describe

love

DonaDona AguedaAgueda described the devil as a man withdescribed the devil as a man with

curly hair, a scar on his cheek and very blackcurly hair, a scar on his cheek and very black

and elegant mustaches which are the sameand elegant mustaches which are the same

features as her husband,features as her husband, BadoyBadoy..

DonDon BadoyBadoy described the witch as the mostdescribed the witch as the most

beautiful creature, has hair like black waters,beautiful creature, has hair like black waters,

has bare golden shoulders and veryhas bare golden shoulders and very

enchanting same features as his wife,enchanting same features as his wife, AguedaAgueda..


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The use of lush and ornate

language

ItIt mirrors the complex emotional intensity of themirrors the complex emotional intensity of the

Romantic time during which the characters livedRomantic time during which the characters lived

and worked.and worked.


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The parallel structure of the

opening and closing paragraphs

Displays careful organization and development.Displays careful organization and development.

Has an engaging opening paragraph.Has an engaging opening paragraph.

Uses skillful and smooth transitions.Uses skillful and smooth transitions.

Has a strong closing paragraph that is thematically relatedHas a strong closing paragraph that is thematically relatedto the opening.to the opening.

Exhibits phrasing that is tight, fresh, and highly specific.Exhibits phrasing that is tight, fresh, and highly specific.

Effectively analyze how the rhetorical strategies in eachEffectively analyze how the rhetorical strategies in each

excerpt achieve the author's purpose.excerpt achieve the author's purpose.


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REFLECTION

Values LearnedValues Learned

1.1. TraditionalismTraditionalism

2.2. CourageCourage

3.3. PridePride

4.4. DeterminationDetermination


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Significant experiences related to

the theme of selection

The teenager or the common people of today, theThe teenager or the common people of today, thepresent relationship of each partners for eachpresent relationship of each partners for eachother Relationships must never be purely based onother Relationships must never be purely based onpassions and infatuations. Relationships like thesepassions and infatuations. Relationships like thesenever succeed. But, had it been true love, had theynever succeed. But, had it been true love, had theybeen thinking right that night, they shouldn't havebeen thinking right that night, they shouldn't have

shed those needless tears. Some relationship couldshed those needless tears. Some relationship couldhave lasted and what happened years ago wouldhave lasted and what happened years ago wouldhave stayed till forever. But no, they made thehave stayed till forever. But no, they made themistake of reassuring themselves that it was truemistake of reassuring themselves that it was truelove. And all they could do is reminisce and thatlove. And all they could do is reminisce and thatmemory would always be their anchor to their distantmemory would always be their anchor to their distantpastpast..


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Realization

When reading the story, you will realize thatWhen reading the story, you will realize that

Badoy and Agueda really love each otherBadoy and Agueda really love each other

because when they explain it to their love onesbecause when they explain it to their love ones

even though they call each other as the devil andeven though they call each other as the devil and

the witch still one will feel the touch of love andthe witch still one will feel the touch of love andthe story sets during the old times when Badoythe story sets during the old times when Badoy

portraits that men have power and womenportraits that men have power and women

doesnt have rights.doesnt have rights.


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How do you definehappiness?

Happiness is the meaning and the purpose ofHappiness is the meaning and the purpose oflife, the whole aim and end of humanlife, the whole aim and end of human

existence.existence.AristotleAristotlefeeling or showing pleasure or contentmentfeeling or showing pleasure or contentment

(dictionary)(dictionary)


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According to the poet, happiness is very difficult to

write about. Why is this so? Do you agree with her?

Happiness is very difficult to write about becauseHappiness is very difficult to write about becausewords are not enough to express your happywords are not enough to express your happy

feelings. If you've written it, you will notice thatfeelings. If you've written it, you will notice that

there's something missing because thethere's something missing because the

happiness that you feel will never be the same ifhappiness that you feel will never be the same ifyou write it.you write it.


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Differentiate too much sadness and toomuch happiness according to the poets

perception. Do you agree with herperception?

Too much sadnessToo much sadness Sadness were expressed inSadness were expressed inthe church praying and calling out to God.the church praying and calling out to God.

Too much happinessToo much happiness Happiness isHappiness is

everywhere. It is in everyone and it iseverywhere. It is in everyone and it is

contagious.contagious.


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A. Explain the personifyingimages of happiness in these

lines:

NanganakNanganak angang kaligayahankaligayahan,,

dumaandumaan atat nagpatuloynagpatuloy,,

ManakaManaka--nakaynakay nagtatagonagtatago,,

sumabaysumabay sasa akingaking paglakadpaglakad,,

AtAt nakauponakaupo nana akoyakoynakatayonakatayo papa

ringring nagbabantaynagbabantay..

It represent a qualityIt represent a qualityor concept which is fullor concept which is fullof feelings or showingof feelings or showingcontentment andcontentment andpleasure inside of apleasure inside of aperson.person.


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B. What do these personificationsreveal about the persona and her

concept of love and happiness?

It revealed that you couldnt just write or expressIt revealed that you couldnt just write or expresshappiness through words in just a matter ofhappiness through words in just a matter of

seconds that even though you relay it to otherseconds that even though you relay it to other

person with an exaggerated actions it stillperson with an exaggerated actions it still

wouldnt weight your real feeling of being happy.wouldnt weight your real feeling of being happy.


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REFLECTION

Values learnedValues learned

1.1. LoveLove

2.2. HappinessHappiness

3. Affection3. Affection


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Realization

When you read the poem at first you wontWhen you read the poem at first you wontunderstand it unless you reread it andunderstand it unless you reread it and

understand it briefly. Then one will realize thatunderstand it briefly. Then one will realize that

the poem is telling that happiness is easilythe poem is telling that happiness is easily

obtained but when the time come that you wantobtained but when the time come that you wantto share it to others the feeling of happiness isto share it to others the feeling of happiness is

lessen.lessen.


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