Literature notes

Grade 10

1. Name the two types of literary genre that you studied in grade 9.

2. Complete the following sentences:

First person point of view is…

Third person point of view is…

3. Name the two elements that form the setting of a story.

POP QUIZ!

4. Complete the following sentences:

The protagonist of the story is…

The antagonist of the story is…

5. Name four different types of conflict. (*hint: person vs…)

6. Draw a representation of the plot diagram.

POP QUIZ!

7.Define simile, metaphor, and personification.

8. Associate each type of imagery with its description:

a) Visual 1) Touch

b) Auditory 2) Smell

c) Olfactory 3) Sight

d) Gustatory 4) Taste

e) Tactile 5) Hearing

POP QUIZ!

Literary genres

Literary genres are the types/categories of a story:

1) Fiction(not true)2) Non-fiction(true) 3) Biography(true life story)4) Autobiography(author is writing his life

story)5) Poetry 6) Drama(play)7) Essay(opinion)

Point of ViewIt is the position from which the story is told (narrator)

2 types :

1) 1st person point of view: the person telling the story is in the story. The reader can only

know what the narrator sees, hears, and thinks.

(ex : “When I left the store, I walked ten blocks to go back to my home. I was so tired that I decided to go straight to bed.”)

2) 3rd person point of view : the person telling the story (narrator) is not in the story. The

reader can know the thoughts and feelings of all the characters.

(ex : When Shane left the store, he walked ten blocks to go back to his home. He was so tired that he decided to go straight to bed”.

ConflictA conflict is a struggle (problem) between two opposing forces or beliefs in a story.

In a story, there is usually a protagonist and an antagonist.

• Protagonist : usually the main character and the so called “hero” who has to overcome a problem.

• Antagonist: usually a main character and so called “villain” who creates the problem(s) for the protagonist.

The conflict is often resolved when one force succeeds or fails in overcoming the opposing force.

Types of Conflict

Person vs. person

Person vs. nature

Person vs. time

Person vs. technology

Types of Conflict

Person vs. self (internal conflict)

Person vs. fate/God

Person vs. society

Person vs. supernatural

Elements of a story

Setting :

Time(when) : when the story is happening (year, month, day, season, etc.)

Place(where) : where the story is happening (city, country, school, home, etc.)

Elements of a story

Theme : the main idea, moral, or message of a story, often about life, society, or human nature.

Ex : when you are kind and generous to others, good things will happen to you.

Hate, jealousy, love, and friendship are universal themes, but you can be more specific(love is worth dying for, hate can ruin your life, etc.)

Elements of a story Plot : the plot of the story is the sequence

(plan) of events that make up the action in a story. There are 6 parts in the plot :

21

3

4

5

6

Plot diagram

1) Preliminary action

2) Complicating incident

3) Rising action (suspense)

4) Climax

5) Falling action

6) Outcome/conclusion

Categories of Characters

• Dynamic : a character who changes, is complex.

• Static : a character who does not change, is one-dimensional.

Figurative Language (figures of speech)

Figurative language (figures of speech): a figure of speech is where a word or words are used to create an effect, often where they do not have their original or literal meaning.

• Simile : Comparison using “like” or “as”.

Ex : He is a like a tiger on the field.

• Metaphor : A metaphor is a comparison of two things, where one is said to be the other.

Ex : He is a tiger on the field.

Figurative Language (figures of speech)

• Personification :Giving human qualities to non-humans or inanimate objects.

Ex : The cars danced on the icy road.

Alliteration : Alliteration involves the repetition of the same first sounds in a group of words or line of poetry.

Example : The sun sank slowly.

Imagery

• Visual• Auditory• Tactile• Gustatory• Olfactory

Writing Devices

• Foreshadowing : dropping

of important hints or clues

by the author to prepare the reader

for what is to come in the story.

• Flashback : the author interrupts the main action of a story to recreate or recall a situation or incident that happened earlier in time.

Writing Devices

Pathos : a passage in a piece of writing that appeals to the readers emotions and evokes in the reader a feeling of pity and compassion (you feel for the character)

Dialogue : an exchange of ideas or opinions between two characters.