Literature of Ilocos Region

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Biag ni Lam-angBannawagDallotsFolksongsComics

Sabsabong ken lulluaNovelsPoemsIlocanoDulang

1. An epic poem of the ilokano people and was first transcribed around 1640 by a blind ilokano bard named Pedro Bucaneg.

2. A magazine that sister publication of Liwayway, bisaya and Hiigaynon.

3. An improvised, versified and at times impromptu long poem delivered in as sing-song manner.

4. An introduction to Philippine Literature in iloko.

5. An ilokano poem, means “Flower and Tears”

6. Presented for the first time in the Ilokos and still popular today as well as they were first staged.

7. A song that originates in traditional popular culture or that is written in such a style.

8. Nobela9. Salaysay10.Refers to the people or the ethnicity of

the people who speak the iloko language11.Daniw

ILOKANO LITERATURE OR ILOKO LITERATURE

Literary works of writers of ilocano ancestry regardless of language used

• Iloko• English• Spanish• Foreign• Philippine languages

One of the most active tributaries to the general Philippine literature

HISTORY OF ILOKO LITERATURE

Pre-Colonial

• Folk songs• Riddles• Proverbs• Lamentation called “dung-aw”• Epic stories (written or oral) Express themselves in folks and war songs as well as

dallot, an improvised, versified and at times impromptu long poem delivered in a sing-song manner.

Earliest known written iloko poems • Romances translated from spanish

by Francisco Lopez• Doctrina Cristiana by Cardinal Bellarmine

Study of iloko Poetry Gramatika Ilokano- 1895

Lopez’ Arte de a Lengua Iloca-1627(probably witten before 1606)

Pedro Bucaneg- collaborated with Lopez in the

translation of the Doctrine into iloko

• First known Ilokano poet• “ Father of ilokano Poetry and Literature”• Blind since childhood• “Biag ni Lam-ang”-17th century

• Published in El ilokano- 1889-1890• “Vida de Lam-ang”

18TH CENTURY

Missionaries used religious, secular Literatures Christianity

Religious works:

“Sumario de las Indulgencias” (1719) –Fr. Jacinto Rivera “Pasion” (St. Vincent Ferrer’s Sermons into Iloko (1845) -Fr. Antonio Mejia

19TH CENTURY Leona Florentino- “National Poetess of the Philippines”

• Poems appeared to syrupy for comfort • too sentimental to the point of mawkishness•Utterly devoid of form

Fr. Justo Claudio Fojas- Ilokano secular priest, Leona Florentino’s Contemporary

• Novenas• Prayersbook•Catechism

• Metrical Romances•Dramas•Biographies•Spanish grammar dictionary •Ilokano-Spanish dictionary

Isabelo de los Reyes- Leona’s son

• Poems•Stories • Folklore• Studies•Seemingly interminable religious• political articles

Comedia (moro-moro) & Zarzuela

• Presented for the first time in Ilocos (19th Century)•Still popular today as they were first staged

Comedia- Scipted from corridos

• Prince Don Juan•Ari Esteban •Doce Paris•Bernardo Carpio•Jaime Del Prado

Marcelo Mena Crisologo- helped popularized Zarzuela based on culture & traditions of the ilocos Norte

Pascual Agcaoili y Guerrero ( 1889-1958) – wrote and staged “ Daguiti Agpaspasukmon Basi”

Isaias R. Lazo ( 1887-1983) –Wrote comedia and zarzuela

“ Matilde de Sinapangan” – Rufino Redondo -first iloko novel printed on 1892

“Ayat, Kaanonto Ngata?” (“Love, When shall be?”) - Written before the end of 18th century

Arturo Centeno- wrote three novels

• “Apay o Di Mangasawa?” (“Why doesn’t he get married?”)•“Dispensara”•“Padi a Puraw Wenno Naamo a Kibin” (“A white priest or a good guide”)

20TH CENTURY- More intense in the literary activity

“Biag ti Maysa a Lakay, Wenno Nakaam-ames a bales” (“Life of an old Man, or a Dreadful revenge”)- Mariano Gaerlan (1909)

Uray Narigat no Paguimbagan” (“Improvement Despite Obstacle”) - Facudo Madriaga (1911)

“Mining Wenno Ayat ti Cararua”(“Mining or Spiritual Love”) - Marcelino Peña Crisologo (1914)

“Nasam-it ken Narucbos nga Sabong Dagiti Dardarepdep ti Agbaniaga” (“Sweet and fresh flower of a traveler’s dreams”) - Marcos E. Milon(1921)

“Sabsabong ken Lulua” (“Flowers and Tears”)- R. Respiscio (1930)

“Apay a Pinatayda ni Naw Simon?”(“Why did they kill Don Simon?”) - Leon C. Pichay (1935) -First known detective novel in Iloko

Bannawag Magazine (sister publication of Liwayway, Bisaya and Hiigaynon) -nov 3, 1934

• Ilokano Literature reached headland• Many ilokanos started to write Literary pieces

Early Bannawag short stories in 1920’s – poor imitations of equally poor American fiction

Bannawag resumed publication in 1947

• War• Guerilla activies• Japanese Atrocities‘• Murder• Pillage• Death

Leopoldo Y. Yabes (UP)- made a brief survey of iloko literture (1934) Findings: Iloko literature began with Pedro Bukaneg

Thomas B. Alcid (UST)- made a study on iloko prose friction - Disscussed the iloko short story and the iloko novel and their possibilities in Philippine Literture (1940) Findings: Short stories and Novels were still young and needed more improvement

Mercedes F. Guerrero (MLQEI) – made a master thesis titled “Critical analysis of the Outstanding iloko short stories published in Bannawag from 1948-1952” Findings:Iloko stories offer a mine of information about the ideas and customs of the filipino people

“Dalang: An intoduction to Philippine Literature of Iloko”- Dr. Marcelino A. Foronda, jr. (1967) -Traits and characteristics of the Ilokonos

Bannawag

• Poems (daniw)• Short Stories ( Sarita)• Novels (Nobela)• Essay (salaysay)• Comics•Biographies•Folktales