literary terms. what is genre? genre is a type of form of literature. for instance, someone might...

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Literary Terms

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Page 1: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Literary Terms

Page 2: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

What is Genre?

Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read.

Challenge: Come up with at least five genres.

Page 3: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

ProtagonistMain character of the story who changes

– the most important character– makes a realization about self or the world

around him/her

Challenge: Provide the name of a protagonist and the book, movie, play… he or she is in.

Page 4: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Antagonist

• A major character who opposes the protagonist– the antagonist does not change

• Types of antagonists:– people– nature– Society

Challenge: Provide name of an antagonist and where he/she appears.

Page 5: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Character• Character – a person in a story, poem or play

• Types of Characters– Round – fully developed, has many different

character traits – Flat- stereotyped, one-dimensional, few traits

– Static – does not change – Dynamic – changes as a result of the story's

events, or plot

Challenge: ID your protagonist and antagonist.

Page 6: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Characterization

How the author develops the characters, especially the main character

Page 7: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Characterization

• Direct characterization– The author directly states what the character’s

personality is like. – Example: “He is a cruel person.”

• Indirect characterization– A character’s personality is shown through

his/her actions, thoughts, feelings, words, appearance or other character’s observations or reactions. (We, as readers, make inferences.)

Page 8: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

What is the Plot?Plot: Series of events that make up a story – in

other words, plot = story

Climax – most exciting part

Falling Action(excitement falls)

Resolution

Rising Action – (excitement is rising)

Exposition – think “expose”

Page 9: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Exposition

• Part of the story that introduces characters, setting, and conflicts

Challenge: Think of a book, movie…. and list three details you learned in the exposition.

Page 10: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Setting

• The time and place of the story’s action

• Setting is part of the Exposition

Challenge: Describe the setting of a book, movie… - be specific and descriptive.

Page 11: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Rising Action

• Consists of a series of complications.

• These occur when the main characters take action to resolve their problems and are met with further problems:– Fear– Hostility– Threatening situation

Challenge : Describe one scene in a book… that is part of the rising action.

Page 12: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Climax

The turning point in the story: the high point of interest and suspense

Challenge: Describe the climax in a book….

Rising Action or Complications Falling Action

Climax

Page 13: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Falling Action

All events following the climax or turning point in the story. These events are a result of the action taken at the climax.

Challenge : Describe the falling action in a book…

Page 14: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Resolution

• (Dénouement) – the ultra fancy word for this

• The end of the central conflict: it shows how the situation turns out and ties up loose ends

Challenge: Describe the resolution in a book…

Page 15: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Flashback

The present scene in the story is interrupted to flash backward and tell what happened in an earlier time

Challenge: Provide an example

from a book, movie…

Page 16: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Foreshadowing

Clues the writer puts in the story to give the reader a hint of what is to come

Challenge: Provide an example of foreshadowing.

Page 17: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Irony

A contrast between expectation and reality

Examples:

The high school student with the highest grades drops out of school.

The traffic officer is arrested because

of a backlog of unpaid parking tickets.

Challenge: Provide an example from a book,

movie, …. Or create one of your own.

Page 18: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Types of Irony• Verbal – saying one thing but meaning something

completely different.Example: Calling a clumsy basketball player “Lebron James”

• Situational – A contradiction between what is expected and what really does happen Example: The Titanic sinking.

• Dramatic – occurs when the reader knows something important that the characters in the story do not know. Example: We know who the murderer is, but the character does not creates suspense

Challenge : Think of an example of at least one type. Extra challenge: Go for the big three.

Page 19: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Point of View

Perspective from which writer tells the story– 1st person- One of the characters is actually

telling the story using the pronoun “I”– 3rd person limited- Centers on one character’s

thoughts and actions.– Omniscient- All-knowing narrator. May center

on the thoughts and actions of any and all characters.

Challenge: Why do you think authors use 1st POV?

Page 20: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Symbol

An object, person, or event that functions as itself, but also stands for something more than itself.Example: Scales function is to weigh things,

but they are also a symbol

of our justice system.

Challenge: Provide examples of

three symbols and their meaning.

Page 21: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Theme

• The central message or insight into life revealed through a literary work.

• The “main idea” of the story

• What the author wants us to take away from the story.

Challenge: What is a theme from

your favorite book, movie…?

Page 22: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Conflict

• A struggle between two opposing forces• Types

– Internal – takes place in a character’s own mind (i.e., decision or choice)

• Man vs. Self

– External – a character struggles against an outside force

• Man vs. Man• Man vs. Nature• Man vs. Society

Challenge: Think of an example of each type of conflict (4).

Page 23: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Suspense

Uncertainty or anxiety the reader feels about what is going to happen next in a story

Page 24: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Tone

• The speaker’s or narrator’s attitude towards the subject

• Authors create tone through word choice and imagery.

• May be formal, informal, somber, playful, etc.

Page 25: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Mood

The general feeling a piece of writing creates within the reader

Example: You may feel saddened by what you read, or you may be roaring with laughter.

Challenge: List five different kinds of “mood”

Page 26: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Figurative Language

Involves some imaginative comparison between two unlike things– Simile – compares two unlike things using like

or asExample: “I wandered lonely as a cloud”

– Metaphor – compares two unlike things (not using like or as)

Example: Life is a roller coaster; it has lots of ups and downs.

Page 27: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Figurative Language

Personification – Gives human qualities to non-human things– “The wind screamed.”– “The fog crept in quietly.”

Page 28: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Figurative Language

Allusion: Reference to a statement, person, a place, or events from:

– Literature– History– Religion– Mythology– Politics– Sports

Example: “I am surprised his nose was not growing like Pinocchio’s.”

Page 29: Literary Terms. What is Genre? Genre is a type of form of literature. For instance, someone might say, “What genre of literature do you like to read

Imagery

Language that appeals to the senses.– Touch– Taste– Sight– Sound– Smell

Challenge: Write a sentence with all 5 senses included

Creating a picture in the reader’s mind through

description

Example: A seven-foot giant with rat-like teeth, greasy hair, hands like mitts, and musty, loose clothing