listen to lens...towns and regions of artistic and historic interest lens-liévin the “pays...

4
Towns and Regions of artistic and historic interest Lens-Liévin The “Pays d’art et d’histoire” label is awarded by the Ministry of Culture and Communication to local authorities engaged in an overall policy of protection and enhancement of heritage and architecture vis-à-vis the public. The Towns and Regions of artistic and historic interest (Villes et Pays d’art et d’histoire) constitute a national network that promotes exchange of the most innovative initiatives. In this region, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Cambrai, Lille and Roubaix have been designated “Ville d’art et d’histoire” and Saint-Omer enjoys the label of “Pays d’art et d’histoire”. Lens-Liévin District “Pays d’art et d’histoire” label 21 rue Marcel Sembat BP 62 62302 Lens Cedex + 33 (0)3 21 67 13 54 [email protected] Tourist Office 58 rue de la gare 62300 LENS + 33 (0)3 21 67 66 66 [email protected] www.tourisme-lenslievin.fr Louvre-Lens tourist information point Open daily except Tuesdays from 10 am to 6 pm Photograph credits: © Municipal archives of the Town of Lens No. 5 (5Fi 62498 15) © OTPLL Mathieu Brard / Yann Cussey for the other photographs © RC Lens Graphic Design: Janine Schlimpert Printing: L’Artésienne Guided tours: Of the museum in the city center Every day at 2:30 pm except Tuesday, January 1st, May 1st, December 25th 1h45 walking tour Departure: Louvre-Lens Museum “Lens Gate” With the partnership of TADAO Jean Perrin Faculty of Lens the former Headquarters of the Société des Mines de Lens 1h30 walking tour With the partnership of Université d’Artois Information & bookings: For all guided tours: Tourist Office + 33 (0)3 21 67 66 66 Getting around: On foot: pedestrian route between the museum and the railway station, approximately 15 to 20 minutes’ walk By bus: Railway station - Louvre-Lens TADAO shuttle The shuttle runs every 30 minutes daily except Tuesdays: • From the railway station: h:25 and h:55 • From the museum: h:45 and h:15 Journey time: 10 minutes Free Ici, la verdure des campagnes pénètre jusqu’aux abords de la ville minière, et les champs aux couleurs changeantes s’étendent au pied même des noirs terrils aux formes pyramidales. Jacqueline Beaujeu-Garnier / Géographe, Professeur à la Faculté des Lettres de Lille / 1955 enjoyed complete freedom of discretion: to reconstruct identically, to revert to pre-War styles – Neoclassical or Regionalist, for example – or, on the contrary, to opt for modernity through the adoption of a style undergoing phenomenal popularity at the time, Art Deco. The 1925 International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris was a key factor in the dissemination of this movement. With its geometric forms and stylised floral motifs, Art Deco spread widely during the inter-war years and was taken up in the Reconstruction of the towns and villages decimated by the battles of 1914-1918. In Lens, Art Deco is generally mixed with other influences, but reveals itself to be astonishingly rich to the observant eye. Designed by the “Pays d’art et d’histoire” (Region of artistic and historic interest) of the Lens-Liévin District, this tool introduces you to the principal buildings in the town centre and offers a few keys to their interpretation. Occupied from October 1914 to October 1918, suffering methodical bombardments as well as sabotage perpetrated by the Germans as they retreated, over 90% of Lens lay in ruins at the end of the First World War. The reconstruction, which lasted until the end of the 1920s, was an enormous undertaking. As required by the Cornudet Law of 1919, the town instituted a Development, Embellishment and Extension Plan which was approved in 1924. However, no specific rules were laid down in relation to architecture. Owners and architects therefore Lens Listen to the story of Town-centre architecture

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Page 1: Listen to Lens...Towns and Regions of artistic and historic interest Lens-Liévin The “Pays d’art et d’histoire” label is awarded by the Ministry of Culture and Communication

Towns and Regions of artistic and historic interest

Lens-LiévinThe “Pays d’art et d’histoire” label is awarded by the

Ministry of Culture and Communication to local authorities

engaged in an overall policy of protection and enhancement

of heritage and architecture vis-à-vis the public. The Towns

and Regions of artistic and historic interest (Villes et Pays

d’art et d’histoire) constitute a national network that

promotes exchange of the most innovative initiatives.

In this region, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Cambrai, Lille and

Roubaix have been designated “Ville d’art et d’histoire” and

Saint-Omer enjoys the label of “Pays d’art et d’histoire”.

Lens-Liévin District “Pays d’art et d’histoire” label 21 rue Marcel Sembat

BP 62

62302 Lens Cedex

+ 33 (0)3 21 67 13 54

[email protected] Tourist Office

58 rue de la gare

62300 LENS

+ 33 (0)3 21 67 66 66

[email protected]

www.tourisme-lenslievin.fr

Louvre-Lens tourist information point

Open daily except Tuesdays from 10 am to 6 pm

Photograph credits: © Municipal archives of the Town of Lens No. 5 (5Fi 62498 15) © OTPLL Mathieu Brard / Yann Cussey for the other photographs © RC Lens

Graphic Design: Janine SchlimpertPrinting: L’Artésienne

Guided tours:

Of the museum in the city center

Every day at 2:30 pm except Tuesday, January 1st, May 1st, December 25th 1h45 walking tour Departure: Louvre-Lens Museum “Lens Gate”

With the partnership of TADAO

Jean Perrin Faculty of Lens

the former Headquarters of the Société des Mines de Lens 1h30 walking tour

With the partnership of Université d’Artois

Information & bookings:

For all guided tours: Tourist Office + 33 (0)3 21 67 66 66 Getting around:

On foot: pedestrian route between the museum and the railway station, approximately 15 to 20 minutes’ walk By bus: Railway station - Louvre-Lens TADAO shuttle The shuttle runs every 30 minutes daily except Tuesdays: • From the railway station: h:25 and h:55 • From the museum: h:45 and h:15 Journey time: 10 minutes Free

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195

5

enjoyed complete freedom of discretion: to reconstruct identically, to revert to pre-War styles – Neoclassical or Regionalist, for example – or, on the contrary, to opt for modernity through the adoption of a style undergoing phenomenal popularity at the time, Art Deco. The 1925 International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris was a key factor in the dissemination of this movement. With its geometric forms and stylised floral motifs, Art Deco spread widely during the inter-war years and was taken up in the Reconstruction of the towns and villages decimated by the battles of 1914-1918. In Lens, Art Deco is generally mixed with other influences, but reveals itself to be astonishingly rich to the observant eye.

Designed by the “Pays d’art et d’histoire” (Region of artistic and historic interest) of the Lens-Liévin District, this tool introduces you to the principal buildings in the town centre and offers a few keys to their interpretation. Occupied from October 1914 to October 1918, suffering methodical bombardments as well as sabotage perpetrated by the Germans as they retreated, over 90% of Lens lay in ruins at the end of the First World War. The reconstruction, which lasted until the end of the 1920s, was an enormous undertaking. As required by the Cornudet Law of 1919, the town instituted a Development, Embellishment and Extension Plan which was approved in 1924. However, no specific rules were laid down in relation to architecture. Owners and architects therefore

Lens Listen to the story of

Town-centre architecture

Page 2: Listen to Lens...Towns and Regions of artistic and historic interest Lens-Liévin The “Pays d’art et d’histoire” label is awarded by the Ministry of Culture and Communication

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SNCF railway station, detail of the decorative mosaics of the concourse. Rue du Havre, town villa. Number 14, Place Jean-Jaurès, example

of a regionalist facade with a “stepped”

or “crow-stepped” gable.

2 Rue de la gare Number 29 is a typical example of an Art Deco house, both for its volumes and its facade ornamentation: the presence of the continuous bow window extending over two levels, stylised rose patterns in bas-relief replicated on the various floors, the wrought iron railing in geometric shapes. The building at number 66, which dates from the 1950s, presents a facade inspired by the Regionalist style, with its stepped gable and its patterns of projecting bricks.

3 Rue du Havre The bourgeois residence standing on the corner with the Rue Michelet is of astonishly eclectic architecture, characteristic of the large town villas of the early twentieth century. The wide roof overhangs supported by painted wooden corbels bring seaside architecture to mind while the mosaics in shades of blue and gold underscore the influence of Art Deco. As for the corner tower, this is reminiscent of a watch-tower on a Medieval fortified castle.

1 The SNCF Railway Station Inaugurated in 1927, this building, its shape reminiscent of a locomotive, is emblematic of Art Deco in Lens both technically and stylistically. The architect Urbain Cassan had to take account of the significant risk of land subsidence due to mining activity. He therefore proposed a building marked by horizontality, made up of simple, single-storey modules extending over more than 80 metres. In addition, he used the recently developed reinforced concrete, light and easy to deploy. The architecture of the annex buildings (former buffet, building for the train crews etc.) adopts the same characteristics as those of the main building.

The station facade exudes sobriety, the decoration is confined to a simple frieze of diamonds beneath the cornice. This pattern is echoed on the gates, the work of wrought iron artist Edgar Brandt who received accolades at the International Exhibition of 1925 for his design of the French Embassy Pavilion. Inside, the Cubism-inspired mosaics created by Auguste Labouret, depicting mining in particular, further demonstrate the care and attention devoted to decoration.

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Page 3: Listen to Lens...Towns and Regions of artistic and historic interest Lens-Liévin The “Pays d’art et d’histoire” label is awarded by the Ministry of Culture and Communication

The Church of Saint-Léger before 1914. War Memorial, detail.

6 The Hôtel des Postes Situated behind the Church of Saint-Léger, the new post office was inaugurated in 1926. Designed by Bruno Pellissier, an architect active in Paris and Normandy, the building is unmistakably Art Deco in style: two clean-lined facades stand on either side of an entrance that is contrived in a rounded shape on the corner. The whole building is punctuated by large windows.

6 The First World War Memorial The iconography of this monument does not glorify the victors, it emphasises rather the devastation caused by the War and underscores the trauma

suffered by the town and its people. On either side of a mine tunnel with broken timbering, the sculptor Augustin Lesieux portrays a miner in work clothing, his fists clenched, and a soldier gazing towards the horizon. In the background, a mother and her daughter flee the devastation of the War. Dominating the group, an indignant woman, representing the Town of Lens, treads upon war which is represented by a torpedo. Inaugurated in 1925, this monument stood in the Place du Cantin until 1972 when it was transferred to the roundabout on the Avenue Alfred Van Pelt.

7 Rue René Lannoy The former welfare office is housed at number 7. Opened in 1927 under the auspices of the municipality, it performed a variety of functions (postnatal consultations, screening for tuberculosis, among others). One of the facade pediments is decorated with the town’s coat of arms depicting the old Comtal Château flanked by the War Cross and the Cross of the Legion of Honour, both awarded to Lens after the First World War. Above them, the attributes of the miner are evoked: the pick, lamp and «barrette» (the miner’s boiled leather helmet). The whole is surrounded by tracery and stylised floral motifs.

Further on, at numbers 31 and 33, the houses are distinguished by their roof layouts and by the

extremely detailed work of the floral decorations situated at the top.

8 The Maison Syndicale des Mineurs (Miners’ union building) Built in response to the disaster of Courrières in 1906, the Maison Syndicale is a building that is symbolic of the industrial struggles of the miners. Inaugurated in 1911, it was destroyed during the First World War and reconstructed virtually identically in 1926. Inspired by classical models – brick masonry and dressed stone, slightly projecting central bay topped by a semi-circular pediment, balustrade and oeil-de-boeuf window on the roof – the architecture stresses the intention to display the union’s power vis-à-vis the employers.

8 to The Boulevard Emile Basly Extending the Place Jean-Jaurès, this shopping boulevard is one of the main arteries of the town centre and is characterised above all by its architectural eclecticism.

N°2. This Haussmann-style building with its continuous balcony, enhances the corner of the road.

The Collège Michelet high school occupies the former premises of the Condorcet school. Constructed in the early 1920s, the building is embellished with decorative mosaics repeating the symbols of the town: the initials V and L (for Ville de Lens, town of Lens), and the old Comtal Château which also features on the municipality’s coat of arms.

N°98. This enormous building flaunts a modern architecture while at the same time demonstrating a Regionalist influence through its three gables with vertical lines in brick punctuating the facade.

N°83. This small town house is distinctive for its rounded bow window and its decorative motif, characteristic of Art Deco: a bas-relief basket of stylised flowers on the gable and repeated on the wrought iron railing.

N°124. This is a fine example of an Art Deco facade. Extending over two floors, the bow window is supported by stepped consoles. A number of floral motifs in bas-relief decorate the facade. Beneath the cornice, sculpted wood stanchions imitate Middle Age gargoyles, adding a dash of originality.

4 Place Jean-Jaurès Overlooked by the Church of Saint-Léger and constituting the historic heart of the town, the Place Jean Jaurès, was enlarged during the Reconstruction. The buildings around its perimeter represent a variety of architectural styles. Regionalist facades (number 14) stand shoulder to shoulder with more classical facades (number 11), embellished with sculpted garlands of flowers and fruits, and with typically Art Deco facades (numbers 3 and 4). Some shopkeepers even turned their facades into veritable “display windows”. One such is number 18, “A la ville de Limoges”, where the walls are covered in mosaics depicting the articles offered for sale. Others

chose to imitate department store architecture which placed emphasis on light with the adoption of large bay windows. The building standing at the intersection of the Rue Berthelot and the Rue Sizeranne is a perfect illustration of this choice, further enhanced by a corner rotunda. 5 The Church of Saint-Léger The former church dated from 1780. Destroyed during the First World War, it was reconstructed identically by the Douai architect Jean Goniaux and inaugurated in 1926. The use of reinforced concrete rather than stone helped to lighten the building structure and minimise any subsidence. So the buttresses formerly present on the facade were replaced by a more monumental entrance portal.

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Number 4, Place Jean-Jaurès, detail

of mosaics with geometric patterns.

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The Maison Syndicale (Miners’ Union Building), sculpted frontispiece glorifying

the labour of the miners.

Number 124, Boulevard Emile Basly,

detail of sculpted patterns.

Number 6, Rue du Maréchal Leclerc,

wrought iron detail.

Page 4: Listen to Lens...Towns and Regions of artistic and historic interest Lens-Liévin The “Pays d’art et d’histoire” label is awarded by the Ministry of Culture and Communication

N°34 and 36

rue du 11 novembre. This house and the wall enclosing its spacious garden are characterised by the use of millstone with ribbon joints. Often associated with the fine residences of the Paris banlieue and seaside villas, this material was used by the Société des Mines de Lens to add cachet to the dwellings of its engineers and also to some facilities (schools, sewing workshops etc.) and even some of its pit head buildings.

N°20 Rue Jean Souvraz. This house is a typical example of the engineers’ houses constructed close to the pits. Its dimensions, wide roof overhangs and decorations of geometric patterns, created from bricks of different colours, distinguish it from the houses built for the labouring miners. On the first floor, a French window opens onto a small balcony surmounting the porch. This feature is also found in the presbyteries in the mining estates of the highly paternalistic Société des Mines de Lens. They provided a platform from which the engineers and priests could address the mining population from time to time.

Two essentials

The Bollaert-Delelis Stadium Constructed by the miners of Pit 5 of the Société des Mines de Lens during the depression of 1929, the Félix Bollaert-André Delelis Stadium is a temple to football that is renowned for the fervour of its spectators. Inaugurated in 1933, it was modified several times before adopting its “English” stadium configuration. The stadium is currently under renovation, in particular to bring it up to capacity to host Euro 2016 matches.

The Louvre-Lens Inaugurated on 4 December 2012, the Louvre-Lens Museum is built on a former coal extraction site. Sited within an extensive park, it offers a unique

tour of the collections of its famous Parisian sister museum. This major museum is a symbol of regional renewal. Designed by the Japanese firm of architects SANAA, the buildings blend harmoniously and subtly into their environment through a constant dialogue with the landscaped backdrop of the former mining site. Unlike the Parisian museum, structured around departments (paintings, Egyptian antiquities, Islamic art etc.), here the works are presented within a single decompartmentalised space: the Galerie du Temps (Gallery of Time). In this way, the Louvre-Lens offers an alternative and innovative perspective of the Louvre collections.

Numbers 27 and 29, Rue du Wetz,

detail of half-timbered houses.

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The Bollaert-Delelis Stadium. Louvre-Lens, view from outside.

to Houses of the managers and engineers of the Société des Mines de Lens In the immediate vicinity of the former Grand Bureaux (main offices), these houses, built in the inter-war years, are distinctive for their imposing dimensions and their architectural qualities (variety of materials deployed, volumes, decorations). They signal their occupants’ elevated rank within the company hierarchy.

N°1 Avenue Elie Reumaux. The geometric decorations, made by arrangements of bricks – some set back and some projecting – bear no small resemblance to those on the facades of the Grand Bureaux.

N°27 and 29 rue du Wetz. With their complex roof layouts and their half-timbering (one blue, the other brown), these two houses are reminiscent of Anglo-Norman style seaside villas. Half-timbering is one of the characteristic decorative elements of the architectural style developed by the Société des Mines de Lens for its mining houses. For most of the miners’ houses, this was false half-timbering created by painted bricks. Were any further confirmation necessary, the presence of garages attests to the affluence of the company’s managers.

9 The Jean Perrin Faculty of Sciences Constructed by Louis-Marie Cordonnier from 1928 to 1930, this building originally housed the main offices of the powerful mining company, the Société des Mines de Lens. The architect designed a building in Regionalist style while at the same time cleverly incorporating elements from the vocabulary of Art Deco: the use of continuous lintels, stepped consoles supporting the central balcony, lateral bow windows, decorative geometric motifs created by patterns of projecting bricks and alternating colours. This veritable “castle of industry” is magnified by the presence of a French formal garden created by the landscape designer Achille Duchêne.

The interior is largely influenced by Art Deco. Lighting by the Maison Daum, with wood panelling and furniture designed by Majorelle, not to mention wrought ironwork and marble fireplaces, all lending enormous sophistication.

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Jean Perrin Faculty of Science, view of the main staircase, a detail of a geometric pattern on the façade and a bow window.