5th African Regional Conference of Vice Chancellors,Provosts and Deans of Science, Engineering and Technology

(COVIDSET 2013)

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Enhancing capacity in science, technology and innovation in responseto emerging industrial and socio-economic needs of Africa:

The role of universities

DATE: 6-7 NOVEMBER 2013,

GABORONE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER

GABORONE, BOTSWANA

R

A I S

T

AN S T

I

Programme and Abstracts of Papers

5th

African Regional Conference of Vice

Chancellors and Deans of Science

Engineering and Technology

COVIDSET 2013

Enhancing Capacity in Science, Technology and

Innovation in Response to Emerging Industrial and Socio-

economic needs in Africa: The Role of Universities

Gaborone International Convention Centre

Gaborone • Botswana

6 -7 November 2013

ii

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

BACKGROUND 1

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3

CONFERENCE AGENDA 4

ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS 10

A. ABSTRACTS FOR SUB-THEME 1 11 A1. MAKING EDUCATION, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND ENGINEERING TRAINING WORK FOR AFRICA’S

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES 14

A2. STATUS OF RESEARCH IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA: IMPLICATIONS ON SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT 15

A3. THREATS TO THE DEEP OCEAN BIODIVERSITY: A FORGOTTEN/IGNORED ENVIRONMENT 16

A4. ROLE OF NETWORKING AND COLLABORATION IN RESEARCH EXCELLENCE 17

A5. GENDER DIMENSION IN RESEARCH AND CURRICULA: A CASE OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA

18

A6. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AT THE INSTITUTE OF AFRICAN RESEARCH AND STUDIES: EGYPT, PRESENT

AND FUTURE PLANS 19

A7. AFRICAN SCIENTIST AS ACTIVIST 20

A8. HIGHER EDUCATION LEARNING INSTITUTIONS AND INNOVATION IN TANZANIA 21

A9. UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COLLABORATION PROGRAMMES IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF SASOL (PTY) LTD 22

A10. THE SUSTAINABILITY OF RURAL LIVELIHOODS IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE IN

CHADEREKA WARD I OF MUZARABANI RURAL DISTRICT IN ZIMBABWE 23

A11. NEW PERSPECTIVES OF ECONOMIC DYNAMICS EMERGING AS CITIES EMBRACE THE GREEN ECONOMY:

CASE OF POLOKWANE, SOUTH AFRICA 24

A12. REVITALIZING POSTGRADUATE ENGINEERING PROGRAMMES IN AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES FOR RESEARCH

CAPACITY BUILDING 25

A13. ENHANCING AND STRENGTHENING WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN REGION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

THROUGH NETWORKS: A CASE OF WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN REGIONAL INITIATIVE IN MARINE SCIENCE

AND EDUCATION (WIORISE) NETWORK 26

A14. THE INNOVATIVENESS OF THE METAL ENTREPRENEURS WHO HAVE ACQUIRED SKILLS THROUGH

VOCATIONAL TRAINING AGAINST NON-VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN TANZANIA 27

A15. EDUCATIONAL IMPACT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN AFRICA: THE ROLE OF

THE UNIVERSITY 28

ii

A16. INNOVATIVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PEDAGOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE POLICIES FORMULATION IN

AFRICA 29

A17. CHALLENGES FACED BY GEOLOGY DEPARTMENT IN FULFILLING THE ROLE OF GEOSCIENCES IN THE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ZIMBABWE 30

A18. BUILDING A REGIONAL INNOVATION PLATFORM FOR AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES: THE CASE OF THE AFRICAN

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING CONSORTIUM (ABEC) 31

A19. ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF KENYAN UNIVERSITIES IN ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE 32

A20. DESIGN AND STUDY OF AN EXPERIMENTAL SOLAR POWER TOWER IN NIAMEY 33

A21. KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND UTILITY OF ECG AMONG FAMILY MEDICINE RESIDENTS IN NIGERIA 34

A22. UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STATE’S NATIONAL POVERTY REDUCTION POLICY

AND HIGHER EDUCATION PRACTICES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN TANZANIA 35

A23. PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS FACING THE USE OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN AFRICA: INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 36

B. ABSTRACTS FOR SUB-THEME 2 37 B1. RESEARCH LINKAGES BETWEEN AFRICA AND AUSTRALIA: OPPORTUNITIES IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 39

B2. CHALLENGE OF EQUITABLE UTILIZATION OF SHARED WATER RESOURCES IN THE MARA RIVER BASIN 40

B3. ELECTROSPUN BIO-BASED NANOFIBERS: OPPORTUNITIES IN HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS 41

B4. CHALLENGES OF COMMON BEAN PRODUCTION IN A WORLD OF CHANGING CLIMATES 42

B5. EFFECTS OF CHARCOAL BURNING ON SOIL NUTRIENTS 43

B6. PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NAMIBIA BY USING SOLAR ENERGY 44

B7. CRITIQUE OF THE EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICAN NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAMMES OF ACTION

(NAPA): URGENT AND IMMEDIATE CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION NEEDS 45

B8. FACTORS THAT AFFECT HEALTH SERVICES DELIVERY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS: A CASE STUDY

OF EMBU COUNTY, KENYA 46

B9. INNOVATIVE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION DIFFUSION TO ENHANCE CLIMATE CHANGE

MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION POLICY INFRASTRUCTURE IN AFRICA 47

B10. NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY TRAINING AND SPINOFFS: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 48

B11. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION TECHNOLOGIES: DIFFICULTIES, BARRIERS, SUCCESSFUL EXPERIENCES

AND OTHER POTENTIAL METHODS 49

B12. DATE OF PLANTING, LOCATION, YEAR AND/OR DROUGHT STRESS EFFECTS ON ELITE LINES OF

GROUNDNUT REFERENCE COLLECTION GROWN IN SAHELIAN ZONES 50

B13. DEFECATION PRACTICES IN SELECTED HOUSEHOLDS IN RURAL KENYA: A CHALLENGE TO ATTAINMENT

OF OPTIMAL SANITATION 51

B14. CLASSICAL BIO-CONTROL OF DIAMONDBACK MOTH IN ETHIOPIA 52

B15. THE POTENTIAL FOR A TANZANIA WIRELESS TELEMEDICINE NETWORK: AN OVERVIEW 53

iii

B16. COMPUTER-BASED APPROACH TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS ON ELECTRICITY

CONSUMPTION IN COMPOSITE HOT CLIMATES 54

B17. INNOVATIVE USE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING IN ENHANCED RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE AND

HEALTHCARE DELIVERY 55

B18. COMMUNITY PERCEPTION ON WEATHER VARIABILITY AND THEIR COPING STRATEGIES WITHIN THE LAKE

VICTORIA BASIN, EAST AFRICA, UGANDA 56

B19. LOCAL USES OF INDIGENOUS FRUIT TREES IN LAKE VICTORIA BASIN, RWANDA 57

B20. MOLECULAR TOOLS IN PLANT VIRUS RESEARCH 58

B21. INVESTIGATION OF ADDITIONAL SOURCE OF RAW WATER FROM THE RECLAIMED EFFLUENT WATER FROM

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS,

NIGERIA 59

B22. INTERFACE OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND EMERGENCE OF UNKNOWN

ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS: A CASE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 60

C. ABSTRACTS FOR SUB-THEME 3 61 C1. CREATING AN EFFECTIVE SYNERGY BETWEEN ENGINEERING AND INNOVATION, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT,

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH 63

C2. AGNES IN ACTION 64

C3. AFRICAN NETWORK OF EARTH SCIENCE INSTITUTIONS (ANESI): VISION, MISSION AND OBJECTIVES 65

C4. ADDRESSING CHALLENGE OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT THROUGH CREATING SYNERGY BETWEEN SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION: PRACTICAL LESSONS FROM BUSITEMA UNIVERSITY 66

C5. BUILDING BRIDGES FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY AND INTER-INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATION TO ENHANCE

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT THROUGH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNERSHIPS: CASE OF

HARARE POLYTECHNIC 67

C6. ALIGNING EXPECTATIONS OF EMPLOYERS AND GRADUATES WITH INSTITUTIONAL CURRICULA 68

C7. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN NIGERIA: THE MISSING LINK 69

C8. THE NEED FOR ESTABLISHING NATIONAL PHYSICAL SCIENCES RESEARCH INSTITUTES IN AFRICA: THE

CASE OF KENYA 70

C9. SYNERGY BETWEEN ENGINEERING, INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR HIGH-END ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT 71

C10. LINKING TRAINING IN AGRICULTURE TO AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA 72

C11. ROLE OF MEN IN WOMEN’S STEM EDUCATION 73

C12. THE EDUCATION WE WANT: YOUTH AFRICAN VISION 74

C13. NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLIED IN WATER PURIFICATION FOR REMOVAL OF METAL AND PERSISTENT

ORGANIC POLLUTANTS 75

D. ABSTRACTS FOR SUB-THEME 4 76 D1. NEED FOR NATIONAL NETWORKS OF AFRICAN NETWORK OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

INSTITUTIONS 77

iv

D2. SETTING THE AGENDA FOR TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH IN AFRICA 78

D3. THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITY SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY OUTREACH POLICY IN COMMUNICATING SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT 79

D4. PRACTICES AND HURDLES FOR THE TRANSFER OF PUBLICLY FUNDED TECHNOLOGY IN AFRICA: THE CASE

OF GHANA, KENYA AND ZAMBIA 80

D5. ECONOMICS ANALYSIS FOR SUSTAINABLE CASSAVA PRODUCTION IN IKWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF

EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA 81

1

BACKGROUND

This is the fifth in the series of the bi-annual African Regional Conference of Vice

Chancellors and Deans of Science, Engineering and Technology (COVIDSET2013) being

organised by the African Network of Scientific and Technological Institutions (ANSTI) the

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) project in

partnership with German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the University of

Botswana. The Conference is affirming UNESCO/ANSTI’s commitment to make this forum

for Africa’s leaders responsible for university training, research and innovation and policy

makers an important platform for exchange, debate of ideas, capacity building and design of

concrete actions to improve the impact of high-level training, research and innovation on

Africa’s sustainable development and socio-economic transformation

The theme of COVIDSET2013 follows the logic of previous ones in strengthening teaching

and research and in preparedness for post millennium development goals, dubbed Post 2015

Development agenda. The theme for COVIDSET 2013 is ‘Enhancing Capacity in Science,

Technology and Innovation in Response to Emerging Industrial and Socio-economic needs in

Africa: The Role of Universities and Research Institutes’.

The role of universities in the generation of knowledge for driving the socio-economic

development of Africa is more urgent now than ever before. Economies of sub-Saharan

African countries are growing at a very fast rate (World Bank Africa Pulse, 2012).

Discoveries of new oil, gas, and minerals in the last ten years are bringing the prospects of

large revenue for newly resource-rich countries. At the same time, Climate change with its

adverse effects on basic needs of health and nutrition, food security, energy access and

efficiency, water availability and environmental sustainability; youth unemployment,

sprawling urban development and global fragile economy pose threats to Africa’s economic

resilience if appropriate measures are not taken to curb them. Africa must harness the

opportunities that these challenges bring and be ready for this new economic insurgence.

The new world economic paradigm shift presents Africa with new challenges and

opportunities which necessitates the strengthening of Africa’s human and institutional

capacities in teaching research and training in science, technology and innovation so as to

influence human capital, youth employment, industrial and socio-economic development and

inclusive growth. The expected outcome of COVIDSET 2013 calls for astute innovative

measures in harnessing science, technology and innovation in response to these emerging

socio-economic, industrial and environmental needs of the continent. And universities and

research institutions have an enormous responsibility in driving this process.

2

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this conference is to provide a forum for university leaders, policy makers,

academics, development partners, international scientific and engineering networks and

private sector to deliberate on why, what and how to forge ahead in providing solutions to

incipient challenges and opportunities the new wave of economic resurgence of Africa

presents under the strategic intent:

Enhancing capacity in science, technology and engineering in response to emerging

industrial and socio-economic needs of Africa

Subthemes:

1. Making education, science, technology and engineering training work for Africa’s

sustainable development: the role of universities;

2. Innovative use of science and engineering in: enhanced research infrastructure,

climate change mitigation and adaptation; Sustainable environmental and ocean

management; access to water, efficient energy, food security and healthcare delivery;

3. Creating an effective synergy between science, engineering and innovation, youth

employment, entrepreneurship development and inclusive growth; and

4. Science technology and innovation policies for sustainable development of Africa.

Expected outcomes:

Capacity of university leaders and policy makers strengthened to develop effective

synergies between all stakeholders to enhance Africa’s economic growth, youth

employment, human capital and entrepreneurship development through the use of

science, technology, engineering and innovation.

Innovative science engineering and technology training policies and programmes

identified and designed for implementation in readiness for Africa’s industrial, social

and economic resurgence

A strategic action plan responsive to science, technology and innovation needs of

Africa developed for implementation.

Proceeding of the conference published and disseminated.

3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Our sincere gratitude goes to the Government of Botswana, Vice Chancellor of the University

of Botswana and the entire Local Organising Committee for hosting the 5th Conference of

Vice Chancellors and Deans of Science, Engineering and Technology. We appreciate the

financial contribution of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation

(UNESCO), ANSTI and its members, DAAD, EXCEED and priceless dedication of time of

all those who have made this conference a success.

We value the partnership with the private sector, BG Energy Holdings Limited, United

Kingdom and Sasol Technologies, South Africa, the United Nations Agencies Queensland

institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Australia and all international engineering and

scientific organisations.

ANSTI dedicates this COVIDSET2013 to all those who have worked so hard to establish this

as Africa’s biannual conference of high level university decision makers especially Professor

Joseph G. M. Massaquoi, former UNESCO-ROSTA Director and Coordinator of ANSTI for

over 14 years. His legacy will continue to live on even when he is no more.

Finally, I would like to thank the Director and staff of UNESCO Regional Office for Eastern

Africa and all ANSTI staff who have made it possible.

Peggy Efua Oti-Boateng (PhD)

Senior Programme Specialist for Science and Technology

UNESCO Regional Office for Eastern Africa and

Coordinator of ANSTI

4

CONFERENCE AGENDA

5

Conference

Agenda

5th

Conference of Vice Chancellors

and Deans of Science Engineering and

Technology (COVIDSET 2013)

Theme 1 Making education, science, technology and

engineering training work for Africa’s

sustainable development: The role of

universities

Theme 2 Innovative use of science and engineering

– Climate change sustainable environment;

ocean management; water; energy, food

security and health

Theme 3 Creating an effective synergy between

science, engineering and innovation, youth

employment, entrepreneurship

development and inclusive growth.

Theme 4 Science, technology and innovation

policies for sustainable development of

Africa

Tuesday, November 05, 2013

2:00 - 8:00pm ARRIVAL AND REGISTRATION

Wednesday, November 06, 2013

8:00 - 9:00 am REGISTRATION

9:00 – 10:30 am OPENING SESSION – Grand Ballroom

Ex

hib

its

Op

en

Chairman, Dean of Faculty of Science, University of Botswana – Prof.

Motsoptse P. Modisi

Welcome Address – Vice Chancellor of University of Botswana Prof. Thabo

Fako

Good will message from partners: UNECA, AfDB, DAAD, EXCEED, IEEE,

ASME

Address by Chairman of ANSTI Governing Council and Vice Chancellor of the

University of Nairobi, Kenya – Prof. George Magoha

Address by Director, UNESCO Regional Office for Eastern Africa, Nairobi,

Kenya – Mr Mohamed Djelid

Address by Assistant Director General of Natural Sciences, Sector, UNESCO,

Paris, France – Prof. Gretchen Kalonji

Official Opening Address – Minister of Science and Technology, Botswana

Keynote Address: Enhancing capacity in science, technology and innovation in

response to emerging industrial and socio-economic needs of Africa: The role

of Universities

6

10:30 - 11:00 am COFFEE BREAK AND GROUP PHOTO

11:00 am - 12:30 pm PLENARY SESSION 1 – Grand Ballroom

Chairman: Prof. George Magoha, Vice Chancellor, University of Nairobi, Kenya

Rapporteur: Dr. Victor Konde, UNECA, Ethiopia

Speaker 1: Dr. Derek Hudson, CEO BG Energy Holding Limited, United Kingdom

Harnessing Africa’s energy potential for economic and social transformation: The

East African experience

Speaker 2: Prof. Greg Anderson, Deputy Director, Queensland Institute of Medical

Research, Queensland, Australia

Research linkages between Africa and Australia: Opportunities in the life sciences

Speaker 3: Prof. Esi Awuah, Vice Chancellor, University of Energy and Natural

Resources, Sunyani, Ghana

Creating synergy between engineering, engineering education and youth

employability

Speaker 4: Dr. Lidia Brito, Director, Science Policy and Capacity Building,

UNESCO, Paris, France

Shaping STI Policy system and governance for sustainable development in Africa:

The role of UNESCO

12:30 pm – 1:00 pm Round Table of Ministers of Science and Technology

Chairman: Minister for Science and Technology, Botswana

Discussant: Dr. Peggy Oti-Boateng, Senior Programme Specialist, UNESCO,

Regional Office for Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya

1:00 pm- 1:30 pm Discussion

1:30pm - -2:30 pm LUNCH

Side meeting: EXCEED DAAD International Water Programme

Engineering Education in Response to Industrial and Infrastructure

Development of Africa

2:30pm – 4:00:pm PARALLEL TECHNICAL SESSION 1

Theme 1 – North

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

Bartholomew

Okolo, Vice

Chancellor,

University of

Nigeria, Nigeria

Speakers:

Prof. Francisca

Theme 2 – South

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

Mary Okakol,

Vice Chancellor,

Busitema

University,

Uganda

Speakers:

Prof. Iro Ong’or

Theme 3 – East

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

James Epoke

Speakers:

Prof. Ernst Uken

Prof. Felix Toteu

Dr. Edward

Andama

Theme 4 – West

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

Fredrick Otieno,

Deputy Vice

Chancellor, DUT,

South Africa

Speakers:

IEEE

ASME

7

Okeke

Dr. Peter Ngure

Dr. Agnes

Muthumbi

Prof. Pushpendra

Jain

Rapporteur: Dr.

Agnes Muthumbi

Dr. Valencia Jacob

Prof. Beatrice

Anyango

Dr. Akrasi Edem

Rapporteur: Dr.

Valencia Jacob

Dr. Collence

Chisita

Rapporteur:

Prof. Daniel

Asiedu

GhIE

SAICE

Discussant: Prof.

Patts Meshack

Odira

Rapporteur:

Felix Atume

4:00pm- – 4:30pm COFFEE BREAK

4:30pm- 6:30 pm PARALLEL TECHNICAL SESSION 2

Theme 1 – North

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

Francis Idike,

Vice Chancellor,

Ebonyi State

University,

Nigeria

Speakers:

Prof. Verdiana

Masanja

Dr. Kholoud

Mohamed

Pius Kamau

Prof. Bavo

Nyichomba

Rapporteur:

Prof. Samuel

Mensah

Theme 2 – South

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

Dominic

Makawiti

Speakers:

Anna Kapulwa

Todd Ngara

Nancy Madigu

Wilson Okaka

Rapporteur:

Prof. Olalekan

Fatoki

Theme 3 – East

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

Jonas Redwood-

Sawyerr, Vice

Chancellor,

University of

Sierra Leone,

Sierra Leone

Speakers:

Prof. Jonas

Redwood-Sawyerr

Samuel

Uniamikogbo

G. O. Amolo

Rapporteur:

Prof. Retta

Negussie

Theme 4 – West

Hall

Engineering

continued

Chairman: Prof.

Fredrick Otieno

Speakers:

IEEE

ASME

GhIE

SAICE

Discussant: Prof.

Patts Meshack

Odira

Rapporteur:

Felix Atume

END OF DAY 1

Thursday, November 07, 2013

8:00 am – 9:00am REGISTRATION

9:00 am – 10:30 am

Ex

hib

its

Op

en

PLENARY SESSION 2 – Grand Ballroom

Chairman: Prof. William Otoo Ellis, Vice Chancellor, Kwame Nkrumah University

of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Rapporteur: Prof. Elijah Omwenga, University of Nairobi, Kenya

Speaker 1: Dr. David Phaho, Group Functional Manager, Refinery Technologies

Group, Sasol Technology, Sasolburg, South Africa

University Industry collaboration: the case of Sasol Ltd

8

Speaker 2: Prof. Francis Idike, Vice Chancellor Ebonyi State University, Nigeria

Nigerian university training and spinoffs: Implications for sustainable development

Speaker 3: Ms. Kotb, President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Synergy between engineering, innovation and entrepreneurship for high-end

economic development

Speaker 4: Dr. Mohammed Ouedraogo, African Union Commission, Addis Abeba

Science, technology and innovation policies for sustainable development of Africa

Side meeting: EXCEED DAAD International Water Programme

10:30am -11:00am COFFEE BREAK

PARALLEL TECHNICAL SESSION 3

11:00 - 12:00 pm Theme 1 – North

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

Burton Mwamila

Speakers:

Dr. Albert Manyani

Dr. Chipo Nyamwena

Mukonza

Dr. Falowo Olabisi

Musa Chacha

Rapporteur:

Rosemary Nkang

Theme 2 – South

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

Roland Ndlovu

Speakers:

Prof. Johnny

Ogunji

Dr. Falalou

Hamidou

Wilkister Nyaora

Dr. Gashawbeza

Ayalew

Rapporteur:

Jonny Ogunji

Theme 3 – East

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

Bamitale Omole,

Vice Chancellor,

OAU, Nigeria

Speakers:

Anderson K.

Kipkoech

Pius Kamau

Janice Soria

Fortes

Dr. Catherine

Ngila

Rapporteur:

Prof. Abdul

Karim

Theme 4 – West

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

Sulaiman

Gbadegesin

Speakers:

Joseph Obofoni

Odigure

Francis C.

Ezeonu

Wilson Okaka

Rapporteur: Dr.

Mahamma

Ouedraogo

12:00 pm – 1:30 pm LUNCH

THEMATIC DISCUSSIONS ON THE WAY FORWARD

1:30 pm – 3:00 pm Theme 1 – North

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

Burton Mwamila

Theme 2 – South

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

Dominic

Makawiti

Theme 3 – East

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

Jonas Redwood-

Sawyerr

Theme 4 – West

Hall

Chairman: Prof.

George Magoba

3:15 pm – 4:15 pm

CLOSING CEREMONY

Chairman: Vice Chancellor University of Botswana

Remarks – Dr. Lidia Brito

Summary THE WAY FORWARD – Prof. Elijah Omwenga

9

Closing Address – Minister of Science, Minister of Science and Technology,

Botswana

4:30 pm – 5:00 pm COFFEE BREAK

7:00 pm – 10 pm CONFERENCE DINNER

10

ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS

11

A. ABSTRACTS FOR SUB-THEME 1

Making education, science, technology, and engineering training

work for Africa’s sustainable development: the role of universities

SPEAKERS

1. Francisca Nneka Okeke

Making education, science, technology, and engineering training work for Africa’s

sustainable development: The role of universities

2. Peter Ngure

Status of research in private universities in Kenya: Implications on sustainable

development

3. Agnes Muthumbi

Threats to the deep ocean biodiversity: A forgotten/ignored environment

4. Pushpendra K. Jain

Role of networking and collaboration in research excellence

5. Verdiana Grace Masanja

Gender dimension in research and curricula: A case of the National University of

Rwanda

6. Kholoud Abd El-Mkaosud, Riham Abudonia, Marowa Tohami & Sherien Mubark

The educational system at the Institute of African Research and Studies: Egypt,

present and future plans

7. Pius Kamau

African scientist as activist

8. Bavo B. Nyichomba

Higher education learning institutions and innovation in Tanzania

9. David Phaho

University-industry collaboration programmes in Africa: The case of Sasol (Pty) Ltd

10. Albert Manyani

The sustainability of rural livelihoods in the face of climate variability and change in

Chadereka Ward I of Muzarabani rural district in Zimbabwe

12

11. Chipo Nyamwena-Mukonza

New perspectives of economic dynamics emerging as cities embrace the Green

Economy: Case of Polokwane, South Africa

12. Olabisi E. Falowo

Revitalizing postgraduate engineering programmes in African universities for research

capacity building

13. Musa Chacha

Enhancing and strengthening Western Indian Ocean Region in science and technology

through networks: A case of Western Indian Ocean Regional Initiative in Marine

Science and Education (WIORISE) Network

14. Heric Thomas

The innovativeness of the metal entrepreneurs who have acquired skills through

vocational training against non-vocational training in Tanzania

15. John C. Aguiyi

Educational impact and sustainability of science and technology in Africa: The role of

the university

16. Joseph Obofoni Odigure

Innovative science and technology pedagogy for sustainable policies formulation in

Africa

17. Manuel Isidro & Meck Maideyi

Challenges faced by Geology Department in fulfilling the role of geosciences in the

sustainable development of Zimbabwe

18. Victor Konde

Building a regional innovation platform for African universities: The case of the

African Biomedical Engineering Consortium (ABEC)

19. Jokastah Wanzuu Kalungu & Duncan Onyango Mbuge

Assessing the impacts of Kenyan universities in adapting to climate change

20. Habi Moumouni

Design and study of an experimental solar power tower in Niamey

21. Isiguzo Godsent, Iroezindu Michael, Muoneme Adesua, Eze Chukwuemeka &

Okeahialam Basil

Knowledge, attitude and utility of ECG among family medicine residents in Nigeria

22. Maduekwe Catherine Chinenye

Understanding the relationship between the state’s national poverty reduction policy

and higher education practices towards sustainable development in Tanzania

13

23. Joshua A. Obaleye & Babatunde L. Adeleke

Prospects and problems facing the use of electronic media in Africa: Information and

communication technologies

14

A1. Making education, science, technology, and

engineering training work for Africa’s sustainable

development: The role of universities

Francisca Nneka Okeke

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria

P.O. Box 3238-410001, Nsukka, Nigeria

Phone: +234 8035 079 686

E-mail: franciscaokeke@yahoo.com; francisca.okeke@unn.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

The role universities are expected to play in building education, science, technology and

engineering training for Africa’s sustainable development cannot be overemphasized. It has

been noted that sustainable development of education, science, technology and engineering

needs to start from the grass root in Africa. We have examined the contributions of some

basic factors that influence a high and quick development of a nation. Such factors include,

among others, culture, innovation, research in basic science, science policy, and the role of

universities. We have equally looked at the challenges facing Africans in trying to achieve

this goal. Strategies have been mapped out that will help in achieving this goal. Also, our

local available resources must be mobilized in striving to achieve our set goal. Suggestions

have been made on effective roles universities can play in attaining the desired goal in

achieving the sustainable development in Africa. At the end, our ideas on the sustainable

development for Africa will no longer be a concept but a reality.

Keywords: education; science; technology; engineering; sustainability; Africa; universities;

society; environment; economy; climate change

15

A2. Status of research in private universities in Kenya:

Implications on sustainable development

Peter Ngure, PhD

Daystar University

E-mail: pngure@daystar.ac.ke

ABSTRACT

The Commission for University Education (CUE) in Kenya requires private universities to

remain active in research and commit at least one per cent of their budgets to research

activities. However, none of the universities has achieved this level of funding from internal

sources. Research is considered a peripheral issue while teaching is considered to be the core

business. There is a dearth of information on the status of research in private universities in

Kenya. This paper will present the status of research in twelve leading private universities in

Kenya. Recent studies paint a grim picture of the situation with 70% of lecturers not having

published articles in journals or books and over half of the population having attended only

one or two conferences in their career. The challenges facing research in private universities

include heavy teaching load, low funding levels internally and limited access for external

funds, limited research facilities, limited collaborations in research, loss of highly qualified

staff, fear of new technologies used in research, and significant disinterest in research among

lecturers. In spite of the challenges, in the recent past, there is an increase in number of

publications and patents, hosting of new journals, establishment of new networks,

development of research policies and availability of internal grants for research in these

universities. Private universities have recently formed a consortium to help address the

common challenges and advance their research agenda.

Keywords: research; private universities; funding; workload; sustainable development

16

A3. Threats to the deep ocean biodiversity: A

forgotten/ignored environment

Agnes Muthumbi

School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi

P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya

Phone: +254 722 249 506

E-mail: amuthumbi@uonbi.ac.ke

ABSTRACT

Deep Ocean is the zone beyond the continental shelf and extends from 200m to the ocean

floor, 4-5km deep. Although originally assumed to be a homogenous, cold and stable

environment harbouring low biodiversity, recent studies with advance technologies have

revealed a high habitat and consequently high species diversity. The environment is important

as a source of resources such as fisheries, pharmaceuticals, detergents, energy and minerals.

Ecologically the environment is important as nursery ground, refugia for species and feeding

ground. The human footprint in the deep ocean is becoming an issue of concern. Oil and gas

extraction with its accompanying hydrocarbon stress resulting from oils spills and leakages is

one of the major threats. Minerals and rare earth mining have the consequence of disturbing

the habitat and releasing of unwanted chemicals. Fishery, particularly with the use of bottom

trawl, leads to loss of habitat leading to low fisheries production. The deep ocean is also

impacted by climate change leading to ocean acidification, reduced dissolved oxygen and

increase in sea surface temperatures leading to loss of biodiversity in the ocean. There is

therefore an urgent need to put mechanisms in place to help halt loss of biodiversity, such as

applying principles of sustainable development, precautional approach and ecosystem-based

management. There is also need to review the current tools of environmental management

such as the guidelines for environmental impact assessment and monitoring with a view to

align them with the developmental needs and activities that are impacting the environment

such as oil and gas exploration, mining, deep-sea fishing etc.

Keywords: deep sea; fisheries; oil and gas exploration; mining; environmental degradation

17

A4. Role of networking and collaboration in research

excellence

Pushpendra K. Jain

Department of Physics, University of Botswana

P.O. Box 0022, Gaborone, Botswana

Phone: +267 71 519 489

Fax: +267 318 5097

E-mail: jainpk@mopipi.ub.bw

ABSTRACT

Africa lags far behind the developed countries in research and innovation driven

development. This paper examines the current status of research and the root causes of

underdevelopment of science and technology in Africa. According to a Royal Society report,

there has been a steady growth in regional and global collaborations over the past two

decades, resulting in high quality and quantity of research outputs and an increase in the

citations received by collaborative publication. Following this global trend, it is proposed that

the impediments to scientific development in Africa can also be resolved to a fair extent by

networking, and mutual sharing of facilities and skills amongst the countries of Africa and

beyond. Five topical networks in Africa, which have been funded by the Carnegie

Corporation of New York since 2008 through the Regional Initiative in Science and

Education (RISE) at the Institute of Advanced Studies (IAS), Princeton, USA, tell a success

story of research networking in Africa. The African Materials Science and Engineering

Network (AMSEN) is one the five RISE networks, with the University of Botswana as one of

the nodes. Achievements and contributions of the UB Node of AMSEN are presented to

exemplify the role of networking in the development of research skills, capacity and

manpower in Botswana and the partner universities.

Keywords: research excellence; networking; collaboration; research facilities; AMSEN

18

A5. Gender dimension in research and curricula: A case

of the National University of Rwanda

Verdiana Grace Masanja

National University of Rwanda

B. P. 117, Butare, Rwanda

Phone: +250 788 494 984

E-mail: vmasanja@nur.ac.rw

ABSTRACT

A study carried out in 2011 aimed first, to comment on how the national University of

Rwanda (NUR), at the institutional level, deals with gender issues in general, and among the

academic staff in particular; and second, how factors operating outside the institution were

recognized as influencing individuals’ strategic choices and actions. The overall objective was

to illuminate factors that have prevented female academic staff members’ career aspirations,

research and publishing. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The results

show that existing gender discrepancies arise largely from barriers at the institutional level.

Findings from this research suggest that practices instilled in the institutional culture

contribute to the creation of different educational achievements and career aspirations of men

and women. Both female and male teachers were unsure as to how gender could be integrated

in research, curricula, teaching and classrooms situations, especially in the areas of science,

mathematics and technology, as these were considered as gender-neutral contexts. NUR is

now integrating gender into its policy framework, curricula and research to promote gender

equality in staff with PhD degrees, active in research and consultancy and publishing. A

gender baseline study and a gender audit have been carried out, a five years’ gender strategic

plan has been developed, and gender is streamlined in the organs and committees. Curricula

of two Science based Masters Programs are piloting gender integration into curricula and

research. The Gender Strategic Plan includes gender capacity building, gender training,

evaluation of gender aspects in research proposals, in recruitment, promotion, career

development, and in PhD and Masters Scholarships. The Gender Committees are tasked to

analyse all activities from a perspective of gender equality and follow up on the extent to

which targets have been achieved.

Keywords: gender integration in research and postgraduate curricula; academic and research

career aspiration for women; gender equality among PhD holders

19

A6. The educational system at the Institute of African

Research and Studies: Egypt, present and future plans

Kholoud Abd El-Mkaosud, Riham Abudonia, Marowa Tohami & Sherien Mubark

Institute of African Reseach and Studies, Cairo University, Egypt

E-mail: kholoud.mohamedali@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

In the age of science, education in Africa is a goal of great importance, in spite of the

difficulties and problems which African citizen is going through, Hence the importance of

studying the education system in Africa, so This article attempts to study the education

system for one of the oldest research institutions in Africa interested in studying the African

continent from all its aspects. It is The Institute of African Research and Studies. This

institute is considered a unique institution in Egypt and the Arab world. Is the educational

system at the Institute on the right path? This study will deal with the present methods of

education in the six departments of the institute, mastering information and communication

with students to measure their satisfaction about this method, and students will fill in

questionnaires to assess their satisfaction and highlight the drawbacks of the educational

system in each department and at the institute as a whole unit. Finally the article is an

endeavor to provide answers to the following questions: Does the present educational system

have an impact on the competence and performance of students? Can we promote

coordination between various African institutes of various academic institutions in Africa?

Can we devise a future plan to enhance the performance of the institute? Can we make

education more interesting? Can we engage students in meaningful activities related to

Africa? How will the plan be implemented? These questions are of pivotal importance and

finding the appropriate means and methods will be a promising seed for change in the

educational system and the academic relations between Egypt and Africa.

Keywords: African institute; education in Egypt; educational system

20

A7. African scientist as activist

Pius Kamau, MD

President, African American Higher Education Partnerships

1411 South Potomac Street, Suite 320, Aurora, Colorado 80012, USA

E-mail: kamaupk@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

African scientists were not at the vanguard of the freedom movement in Africa. Given their

intellectual gifts they must be part of the change that takes place in Africa. They must be

activists, and engage in the political life of Africa. Universities must embrace their Africa and

endeavor to solve the problems of the community they are part of: population control, urban

planning, energy, Internet connectivity and community healthcare.

Keywords: African scientists; scientific independence; role of science

21

A8. Higher education learning institutions and innovation

in Tanzania

Bavo B. Nyichomba

Coordinator Enriching Engineering Education in Tanzania

College of Engineering and Technology, University of Dar es Salaam

P.O. Box 35131, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Phone: +255 784 272 341

E-mail: nyichomba@udsm.ac.tz; bavonyichomba@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Higher learning institutions (HEIs) by their nature are institutions where a nation invests

highly in terms of knowledge production and intellectual training for purposes of producing

enlightened, creative and productive individuals as human resources for national

development. Experiences from other countries have shown that no country has attained any

breakthrough in its socio-economic development without developing a minimum innovative

scientific and technical capacity base, capable of producing an array of economic activities. It

is unfortunate that in Tanzania and most African countries, the full potential of the scientific

and technical capacity has yet to be developed due to the existence of a number of constraints

including Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) deficient education and training systems.

This is occasioned by several factors, ranging from low student intake at primary and

secondary levels and hence enrolment and graduate output in science-related fields, little

science education promotion and meagre science training facilities, to ineffectual teaching-

learning methods, funding etc. This has resulted into the country having a low number of

qualified STI human capacities capable of developing innovative solutions to local problems

as well as translating research results into new economic activities. Using experiences from

other countries, this paper proposes mechanisms aimed at strengthening the STI subsector.

Such mechanisms include the Government measures of attracting the private sector and other

stakeholders such as Diaspora, international research and other knowledge-based institutions

to inject significant proportions of starter-capital, jerking-capital or supplementary funding

into STI education and training and some well-defined research ventures in the country. Other

strategies include establishing Technology and Business Incubators that will assist students,

staff and other individuals to translate their own research results into new economic activities.

There is also a need for the Government to put in place policies that allow academic staff to

take time off from HEIs or to become part-time lecturers at their institutions so as to support

spin-off firms from their research results. The Government also needs to put up mechanisms

for spurring endogenous innovation, using public procurement as a catalyst.

Keywords: technical capacity; diaspora; innovative solutions; incubators; spin-offs;

endogenous innovation

22

A9. University-industry collaboration programmes in

Africa: The case of Sasol (Pty) Ltd

David Phaho, PhD

Group Functional Manager, Refinery Technologies Group, Sasos Technology R&D

P.O. Box 1, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa

Phone: +27 16 960 3666

Fax: +27 11 522 0365

E-mail: david.phaho@sasol.com

ABSTRACT

Universities, as producers of knowledge make an important contribution to economic growth

through their support for research, development and innovation. In Sub-Saharan Africa, which

is poised for high economy growth due to its vast mineral and energy resources, increasing

cross-border trade as well as rising entrepreneurship, universities will become pivotal in

spurring sustainable growth through the provision of skilled graduates as well as industrially

relevant knowledge. However, most of the educational institutions in these emerging

economies face a myriad of challenges to meet the needs of society, industry as well as

ensuring their global competitiveness. Chief amongst them is the lack of capacity in key

teaching areas as well as modern research infrastructure, which underpin a knowledge driven

economy. In this presentation, an overview highlighting how Sasol, a Johannesburg and New

York Stock Exchange listed petrochemical company has developed innovative collaboration

models to leverage synergies with universities in South Africa is given. The strategic intent of

these initiatives was to enhance competency building, the quality of research as well as

teaching facilities in the Science and Engineering disciplines at these universities. The

envisaged outcomes were among others, high quality research outputs from supported

universities as well as a long-term supply of highly trained technical postgraduates for Sasol

and the country. The presentation will also focus on how Sasol addressed the challenge of

differentiated types of South African universities, a legacy of the country’s political past. The

talk will conclude with some key lessons for future Industry-University collaborations within

the context of African economies.

Keywords: collaboration; capacity building; innovation; research; critical skills

23

A10. The sustainability of rural livelihoods in the face

of climate variability and change in Chadereka Ward I of

Muzarabani rural district in Zimbabwe

Albert Manyani

Bindura University of Science Education, Geography Department

Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe

Phone: +263 773 099 436

E-mail: amanyani@buse.ac.zw; albertmanyani@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The sustainability of rural livelihoods in the face of climate variability and change in

developing countries like Zimbabwe remains debatable. The climatic variations adversely

affect agriculture, which is the main rural livelihood in Chadereka Ward I of Muzarabani

Rural District making its sustainability limited to a greater extend. Besides assessing the

sustainability of the rural livelihoods practiced in the area, the study further observed the

challenges faced by the inhabitants of Chadereka Ward I as they try to adapt to climate

variability and change. Flood recession cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) known as

mudzedze, wild fruit (ziziphasmauritiana) (masawu) gathering, drought tolerant rain-fed crop

(sorghum) and livestock (hard mashona cattle) production and livelihood diversification

(informal trade) were the rural livelihoods assessed as not fully sustainable. The challenges

faced include water scarcity, lack of constant institutional support, inaccessibility of the area

during the rainy season, poor infrastructure, and poor marketing services for their

commodities. Finally, the role played by major stakeholders in the area studied was

established. The whole purpose of the study was to generate more information and knowledge

about rural livelihoods and their sustainability in Chadereka Ward I of Muzarabani Rural

District in Zimbabwe. In order to accomplish the study, both qualitative and quantitative

research approaches employing key informant interviews, focused group discussions, review

of literature and household interview-questionnaires were used in data gathering. The

sustainable livelihood framework was used in the analysis of the data. The study implies that

tackling climate change phenomenon at local level especially at household level increases the

participation from the grassroots making it understandable to many. This paved the way for

fostering climate change awareness and adaptation strategies within the poverty-stricken rural

communities.

Keywords: sustainability; rural livelihoods; adaptation and climate variability and change

24

A11. New perspectives of economic dynamics emerging

as cities embrace the Green Economy: Case of Polokwane,

South Africa

Chipo Nyamwena-Mukonza

Tshwane University of technology

159 Nana Street, Pretoria, South Africa

E-mail: chiponyam2@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

There is no agreement when it comes to the definition of a green economy but the common

goal is to achieve equitable improvement in living standards without eroding environmental

assets. Cities are expected to be main drivers for a greener economy. However, the

implications of the expected new urban landscape are profound for both governments and

businesses. Cities are facing challenges that range from inadequate supply of infrastructure,

housing and water, to waste management systems. Consequently, investment opportunities

are being created as governments and municipalities recognize that they must transform

themselves to accommodate the population growth. The United Nations Environmental

Programme Green Economy Report (2010) states that the green economy is meant to improve

well-being and bring social equity while reducing environmental risks and ecological

scarcity. General characteristics of a green economy include low carbon energy production,

efficient lifecycle use of materials and more inclusive sharing of economic wealth. Some of

the economic instruments that have been used to alleviate the impacts include resource

quotas, environmental taxation, investment in innovative technologies and strategic alignment

of public subsidies. This paper seeks to analyse some of the micro economic dimensions that

have emerged in Polokwane Province of South Africa as it embraces the green economy

agenda. Critical discourses analysis is employed to understand the historical perspectives,

structural changes and emerging dimensions. The paper is epistemologically founded in

interpretivisim. Interpretivisim, in contrast to positivism, presents multiple realities, which

validate the internal research design through the subjectivism that will permeate the analytical

assessment.

Keywords: green economy; cities; structural change; economic dimensions

25

A12. Revitalizing postgraduate engineering

programmes in African universities for research capacity

building

Olabisi E. Falowo

Centre of Excellence in Broadband Networks and Applications, Department of Electrical

Engineering, University of Cape Town

Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa

Phone: +27 21 650 27 88

Fax: +27 21 650 34 65

E-mail: olabisi.falowo@uct.ac.za

ABSTRACT

Having vibrant postgraduate engineering programmes in African universities is essential for

building research capacity and generation of skills required for the development of African

economy. Increasing demand for university education has led to a situation where some

African universities mainly focus on undergraduate training at the expense of postgraduate

training and research. Consequently, there are no vibrant postgraduate engineering

programmes in a number of African universities. This paper discusses some of the problems

affecting postgraduate engineering programmes in African universities. The problems include

inadequate funding of research, poor research facilities, inadequate supervision, lack of access

to relevant scientific publications, unavailability of bursaries and scholarships for

postgraduate studies, inadequate exposure of students to the larger research community,

complex and time-consuming administrative process of admission, thesis registration and

thesis examination, long time-to-degree completion, and low degree completion rates. The

paper then suggests ways of revitalizing postgraduate programme for research capacity

building in Africa.

Keywords: postgraduate programmes; university; postgraduate students; research capacity;

research supervision; scientific publications

26

A13. Enhancing and strengthening Western Indian

Ocean region in science and technology through networks:

A case of Western Indian Ocean Regional Initiative in

Marine Science and Education (WIORISE) Network

Musa Chacha

Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology

P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania

Phone: +255 753 458 177

E-mail: chachamusa@yahoo.com; musa.chacha@nm-aist.ac.tz

ABSTRACT

Economic development is a goal of all nations and a life necessity for less developed

countries. Strategies for economic development stress the importance of Science and

Technology in accomplishing such goals. Effective strategies to develop sustainable science

and Technology, research and development in the western Indian Ocean Countries include

pooling of resources from each country especially on skilled human capital with the view of

reaching international standards. With the state-of-the-art research facilities and analytical

equipment to support training and cutting edge science & technology and research &

development in strategic areas the Western Indian Ocean Regional Initiative in Marine

Science and Education (WIORISE) has catalyzed and stimulated scientific and educational

development in the Western Indian Region. Countries that have benefited from this initiative

include Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, South Africa, Kenya and Tanzania. This

presentation will highlight on the role of networks in pooling resources especially human

capital in enhancing, strengthening and advancing science and technology in the WIO-region.

Keywords: science and technology; Western Indian Ocean Regional Initiative in Marine

Science and Education

27

A14. The innovativeness of the metal entrepreneurs

who have acquired skills through vocational training

against non-vocational training in Tanzania

Heric Thomas

Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Research Organization (STIPRO)

P.O. Box 75027, Dar as Salaam, Tanzania

Phone: +255 713 169 547

Fax: +255 222 771 949

E-mail: heric.thomas@stipro.or.tz

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the innovativeness of the metal entrepreneurs who have acquired skills

through Vocational Education and Training (VET) against non-VET in Tanzania. In this

paper, entrepreneurs are considered to be innovative if they have introduced new products to

the market, or have adopted new products, or have improved the existing products and

process in the past five years. Evidence from field suggests that entrepreneurs who have

acquired skills through VET are less innovative compared to non-VET. A number of key

constraints make entrepreneurs who acquired skills though VET to be less innovative as

follows: (1) during training, they lacked enough training equipment and tools for

demonstration, (2) they also lacked enough trained teaching staff together with enough field

training. All these make them rely more on theories rather than practical experience, resulting

in getting little practical skills and knowledge necessary for building capacity for innovation.

As such, entrepreneurs who acquired skills through VET are forced to attend more practical

training in informal settings (apprenticeships) on the street so as to get more skills and

knowledge before starting up their businesses. On the other hand, non-VET entrepreneurs

who attended informal technological training in apprenticeships are the ones that demonstrate

high entrepreneurial innovative skills and knowledge. Thus, apprentices are better in

providing innovative practical skills and knowledge to entrepreneurs than VET.

Keywords: innovation; vocational training; metal entrepreneurs; Tanzania

28

A15. Educational impact and sustainability of science

and technology in Africa: The role of the university

John C. Aguiyi

Faculty Of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos

Jos, Nigeria

E-mail: jca757@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The need to focus on reviewing Africa’s indigenous knowledge in order to participate and

compete in the knowledge driven economy across the globe, a paradigm shift in University

education becomes necessary to promote institutional strengthening, capacity building and

mentoring for regional growth. The major challenge that education, science and technology

presently face is the dearth of skilled manpower, and the lack of policies and strategies: where

they exist, they are rarely implemented. The University as a citadel of intellectualism

dedicated to the pursuit of academic and moral excellence should pursue activities and

develop skills that will enable them to engage in services to improving the economic social

and knowledge base of the people. The present economic conditions of the world should

awaken Africa and all stakeholders towards making concerted efforts to bring about the

necessary sustainable development through training of skilled manpower in education,

science and technology. The African intelligentsia should network through research and

collaborations with the advanced countries to provide the needed synergy for technological

growth and development. The government and private sector has pivotal role in funding

research and providing opportunities for researchers to be exposed to new trends. The paper

addresses strategic questions regarding the renaissance of African Universities and sustainable

development as it affects research, science and education in the continent.

Keywords: indigenous knowledge; university education; sustainable development; capacity

building

29

A16. Innovative science and technology pedagogy for

sustainable policies formulation in Africa

Joseph Obofoni Odigure

Covenant University, Chemical Engineering Department, Ota, Nigeria

Phone: +234 8033 787 849

E-mail: josephodigure@yahoo.com; josephodigure@futminna.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

Scientists and Technologists (S&Ts) in the political field are eliminated before they get to the

top. Sustenance of polices in most African countries have being very difficult to achieve

because people do not appreciate the documented evidence of the cumulative effects of nature

and human induced changes on living and non living things. Processes and their technologies

can be politically and commercially marketable if scientifically researched evidence is

presented as cost effective and suitable for national development. Failure of most projects in

the Africa countries have been linked to the poor understanding of their scientific impacts.

The level of S&Ts participation in national development is very limited. This paper seeks to

promote the need to modify the pedagogy of S&Ts training; to imbibe the national culture and

ability to communicate embedded scientific principle and sustainability of proposed projects.

Institutions need to develop postgraduate program for brilliant and politically inclined

students that will encourage their active participation in political discussions of their nations

and the African continent. They should be equipped with skills to develop socio-engineering

risk assessments and predict acceptance, marketability and sustainability of S&T projects.

S&T Schools must be pedagogically innovative and multidisciplinary in content to remain

relevant.

Keywords: curricula; pedagogy; policies; sustainability

30

A17. Challenges faced by Geology Department in

fulfilling the role of geosciences in the sustainable

development of Zimbabwe

Manuel, Isidro1 & Meck, Maideyi

2

1 Geology Department, University of Zimbabwe

PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare /

Geology Department, Eduardo Mondlane University

Praca 25 de Junho Caixa Postal 257, Maputo. Mozambique

Phone: +263 779 546 104; +263 712 060 767

E-mail: isrvm@yahoo.com; isidauane@gmail.com

2 Geology Department, University of Zimbabwe

PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe

Phone: +263 303 215 027; +263 772 906 612

E-mail: maideyimeck@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Zimbabwe possesses a diversified and notable geology where many metallic and non-

metallic mineral deposits with relevance to diamonds, gold, coal and platinum occur.

Currently, there is an enormous need for geoscientists to work in the country in geological,

mining, environmental and water fields. The mission and vision of University of Zimbabwe

clearly state their goal as making meaningful contribution to sustainable development

working for prosperity, peace and dignity. This paper outlines the role of geosciences in the

sustainable development of Zimbabwe and analyzes the challenges faced by the Geology

Department, at the University of Zimbabwe in trying to contribute towards sustainable

development of the country. An analysis of the outputs/results required to realize the mission

is done. Among the challenges are things like limited financial resources, competent teaching

staff, field equipment, laboratory equipment, compromised infrastructures, limited linkages

with relevant institutions and organizations. The paper also proposes policies that can be

adopted to ensure quantity and quality that can sustain this much-sought skill in the country.

Keywords: geosciences; sustainable development; challenges; Zimbabwe

31

A18. Building a regional innovation platform for

African universities: The case of the African Biomedical

Engineering Consortium (ABEC)

Dr. Victor Konde

New Technologies and Innovation Section (NITS), Special Initiatives Division (SID), United

Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)

P.O. Box 3001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

E-mail: VKonde@uneca.org

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses the opportunities and challenges in building dynamic regional

innovation platforms in Africa. It draws lessons from the pilot project that UNECA and its

partners launched in 2011 to build the technical, innovation and entrepreneurial competencies

needed to install, maintain and upgrade or produce medical devices. So far, nine universities

are participating in the pilot phase and three universities are running diploma, graduate and

post-graduate programmes. In addition, students have submitted over 50 innovative healthcare

concepts. To encourage innovation among the member institutions and expand the

programme, participating universities formed the African Biomedical Engineering

Consortium (ABEC) in 2012. ABEC seeks to create a platform for building a robust and

dynamic biomedical device sector. Specifically, ABEC serves as a multidisciplinary platform

for articulating healthcare challenges, promoting excellence in human capital development

and research, encouraging entrepreneurship, mobilizing resources and stimulating

partnerships among key stakeholders to nurture a seedbed for innovative medical devices.

This paper discusses some of the main challenges and opportunities of the regional platforms.

Keywords: biomedical engineering; human capital; innovation; entrepreneurship; regional

platform

32

A19. Assessing the impacts of Kenyan universities in

adapting to climate change

Jokastah Wanzuu Kalungu1 & Duncan Onyango Mbuge

2

1 South Eastern Kenya University

P.O. Box 20190-00200, Kitui, Kenya

Phone: +254 712 625 546

E-mail: jwanzuu@yahoo.com

2 University of Nairobi

P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya

E-mail: duncan.mbuge@uonbi.ac.ke

ABSTRACT

The input of the local universities to climate change is still low or largely undocumented and

uncollected in Kenya despite the general expectation that they should have taken lead on

climate change research, education, innovation and extension. Moreover, research in this area

by different actors is not well coordinated and documented. With the establishment of more

than fifteen universities in the last five years in addition to the earlier ones there is the danger

of duplication. There is also need to bring together researchers working on related issues so as

to benefit from the synergy and relative advantages of different institutions. This research

aimed at documenting the contribution the local universities have made to climate change

research and to identify the outstanding gaps in the thematic areas of climate change. Five

universities were selected on the basis of region and years of existence. This was done using

information on their websites as well as interviewing key informants at the University.

Parameters used for comparison include number of funded research projects specifically for

climate change, staff establishments, patents, papers published in refereed journals and

number of stand-alone courses offered that specialize at climate change. The results revealed

a general deficiency in climate change education, extension research and innovation and

showed possible areas of collaboration among universities. The study revealed the key

findings made by Universities in this field.

Keywords: universities; climate change; gaps; impacts

33

A20. Design and study of an experimental solar power

tower in Niamey

Habi Moumouni

Centre National D’Energie Solaire

BP 621, Niamey, Niger

Phone: +227 96 06 25 01; +227 20 72 39 23

E-mail: moumouni_habi@yahoo.com; cnes@intnet.ne

ABSTRACT

A solar thermal 50Kwth project was designed, under construction and characterized in order

to study the optical and thermal parameters to the focal point. The project was abandoned due

to lack of funding. At this stage, it is necessary to complete the construction and study the use

of thermal power at the focal point to produce electricity. The main aim of the study is to

design, construct and determine the thermal performance of an experimental concentrated

solar power tower for electricity generation. The main objective focuses on manufacturing of

the optimum design of heliostats consisting of reflective surfaces with tracking mechanism for

capturing the direct normal irradiation. The experimentation implies the projection of the

solar rays from two heliostats to the parabolic concentrator, which will provide high

temperature at the focal point. The follow up consists of developing a mathematical model to

determine the four following parameters: optical and thermal performance indicators; sun

tracking device parameters; useful heat at the focal point; the efficiency. The methodology

adopted consists of building a prototype of this project and use simulation to validate the

model.

Keywords: design and study of solar power; simulation and validation of model

34

A21. Knowledge, attitude and utility of ECG among

family medicine residents in Nigeria

Isiguzo Godsent, Iroezindu Michael, Muoneme Adesua, Eze Chukwuemeka & Okeahialam

Basil

Corresponding author

Godsent Isiguzo

Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital

Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Phone: +234 880 354 198 35

E-mail: isiguzogodsent@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Background: There is limited information on the utility of electrocardiogram (ECG) in

General practice in Nigeria. We assessed the knowledge, attitude and utility of ECG among

Nigerian Family Medicine residents.

Methods: A cross-sectional evaluation was conducted in four Family Medicine training

centres in Nigeria. Using a self-administered questionnaire information on the resident

doctor’s ECG requests, preferred source of interpretation, most common ECG diagnosis and

update of ECG knowledge were obtained.

Results: Only 61 out of 120 questionnaires (50.8%) were returned. The respondents were

mostly between 31-40 years (54.7%); predominantly males (73.8%) and senior residents

(65.6%). Fifty four (88.3%) made <5 ECG requests/week and the commonest indication was

hypertension (50%). Their ECG interpretation was mostly self-reported (41%), followed by

cardiologist (26.5%) or automated reports (21.3%). Self-reporting of ECG was commoner

among senior residents (p<0.01). Left ventricular hypertrophy was the commonest ECG

diagnosis (55.8%). Majority (69%) did not update their ECG knowledge. Half of them desired

further learning on basic ECG interpretation. Teaching ECG in updates/CMEs was adjudged

the best way to improve knowledge/utility (61.1%).

Conclusion: The attitude and utility of ECG among Family Medicine residents in Nigeria is

poor. Improvement through curriculum revision, hands-on tutorials and CMEs is highly

recommended.

Keywords: electrocardiogram (ECG); family medicine; residents; Nigeria

35

A22. Understanding the relationship between the

state’s national poverty reduction policy and higher

education practices towards sustainable development in

Tanzania

Maduekwe, Catherine Chinenye

University of the Western Cape

Modderdam Rd, Cape Town 7530

Phone: +27 746 460 650

E-mail: kmaduekwe@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Most policy documents in Tanzania make reference to poverty reduction and view education

as a tool for national economic and sustainable development. The MKUKUTA policy and

vision 2025 are two main documents that provide this East African Country with a framework

to alleviate poverty. These policy documents serve as instruments for mobilizing efforts and

resources towards targeted poverty reduction outcomes, economic and sustainable

development. The MKUKUTA policy document serves as a vehicle for national development

and sees public universities as strong institutions that can contribute towards poverty

reduction. This research evaluates the strategic plan document of the University of Dar es

Salaam in Tanzania to understand the nature and the extent of its social responsiveness with

special reference to the national priority policy paper. It is a qualitative study within an

interpretive paradigm, using both primary and secondary data as well as individual

interactions with the staff of the university and the higher education institutions supervising

ministry. Foucault’s govermentality will be the lenses through which this study will seek to

interpret responsiveness as well as literatures on strategic planning, planning processes and

poverty reduction. Purposive sampling includes; management members, Deans of faculties

and senior academic staff of the university under study.

Keywords: university; strategic planning; strategic planning process; institutionalisation;

MKUKUTA policy

36

A23. Prospects and problems facing the use of

electronic media in Africa: Information and

communication technologies

Joshua A. Obaleye & Babatunde L. Adeleke

Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

E-mail: jobaleye@yahoo.com; jobaleye@unilorin.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

Since the advent of computer, numerous technological tools have been invented to aid

effective teaching and learning. Even though many of these tools are being maximized to

disseminate knowledge by institutions of higher learning in developed countries, their

counterparts in Africa are still lagging behind in tapping into these invaluable teaching and

learning aids. In this presentation, we will discuss numerous types of media aids,

technological applications and processes that deliver text, audio, images, animation, streaming

video, etc. which are valuable and affordable e-learning tools that can also be exploited in

developing African countries. Leveraging visual, auditory and interactive features of these

tools will save cost and reduce inefficiency associated with conventional teaching methods in

Africa. However, the problems associated in using these tools particularly in developing

African countries and likely ways to solving these problems are also presented.

Keywords: e-learning; multimedia; ICT; African countries; teaching aids; technology

37

B. ABSTRACTS FOR SUB-THEME 2

Innovative use of science and engineering in: enhanced research

infrastructure, climate change mitigation and adaptation;

sustainable environmental and ocean management, access to

water, efficient energy, food security and healthcare delivery

SPEAKERS

1. Greg Anderson

Research linkages between Africa and Australia: Opportunities in the life sciences

2. Ong’or B. T. I., Oloko M. O. & Kiluva V. M.

Challenge of equitable utilization of shared water resources in the Mara river basin

3. N. Valencia Jacobs

Electrospun bio-based nanofibers: Opportunities in healthcare applications

4. Beatrice Anyango & George Ouma

Challenges of common bean production in a world of changing climates

5. Akrasi Edem

Effects of charcoal burning on soil nutrients

6. Anna Kapulwa, Puleni Petrus, Smita Francis & Penda Shilongo

Promoting sustainable development in Namibia by using solar energy

7. Todd Ngara

Critique of the eastern and southern African National Adaptation Programmes of

Action (NAPA): Urgent and immediate climate change adaptation needs

8. Josphat M. Mutua & Nancy O. Madigu

Factors that affect health services delivery of community health workers: A case study

of Embu County, Kenya

9. Wilson Okaka

Innovative science and engineering information diffusion to enhance climate change

mitigation and adaptation policy infrastructure in Africa

10. Isaac I. Osakwe & Francis I. Idike

Nigerian university training and spinoffs: Implications for sustainable development

38

11. Johnny O. Ogunji & Happiness O. Oselebe

Climate change adaptation technologies: Difficulties, barriers, successful experiences

and other potential methods

12. Falalou Hamidou

Date of planting, location, year and/or drought stress effects on elite lines of

groundnut reference collection grown in Sahelian zones

13. Wilkister Nyaora Moturi, William A. Shivoga & Francis K. Lelo

Defecation practices in selected households in rural Kenya: A challenge to attainment

of optimal sanitation

14. Gashawbeza Ayalew

Classical bio-control of Diamondback moth in Ethiopia

15. Daniel S. Kayange, Ramadhani Sinde & Anael Sam

The potential for a Tanzania wireless telemedicine network: An overview

16. Amina Batagarawa, Neveen Hamza & Steve Dudek

Computer-based approach to study the impact of Phase Change Materials on

electricity consumption in composite hot climates

17. Samuel Fatoba

Innovative use of science and engineering in enhanced research infrastructure and

healthcare delivery

18. C. Bigirimana, F. Omujal, P. Isubikalu, E. Bizuru, J.G. Agea, A. M. Malinga & J. B.

L. Okullo

Community perception on weather variability and their coping strategies within the

Lake Victoria basin, East Africa, Uganda

19. C. Bigirimana, F. Omujal, P. Isubikalu, E. Bizuru, J.G. Agea, A. M. Malinga & J. B.

L. Okullo

Local uses of indigenous fruit trees in Lake Victoria basin, Rwanda

20. H. K. Were

Molecular tools in plant virus research

21. Adeniran A. E., Aina A. T., Oshunrinade O. O. & Akanmu J. A.

Investigation of additional source of raw water from the reclaimed effluent water from

constructed wetland domestic wastewater treatment plant in the University of Lagos,

Nigeria

22. N. Musee & L. Sikwhivhilu

Interface of technological development, economic growth, and emergence of unknown

environmental risks: A case of nanotechnology

39

B1. Research linkages between Africa and Australia:

Opportunities in the life sciences

Greg Anderson

Deputy Director, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute

300 Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia

Phone: +61 7 3362 0187

E-mail: greg.anderson@qimrberghofer.edu.au

ABSTRACT

Despite its small population (23 million), Australia has a very active scientific research

culture and it performs well above global averages in terms of research output and quality.

Australia’s performance in the biomedical sciences is particularly notable. Most research in

Australia is funded directly or indirectly by federal and state governments, with a focus on

universities and the flagship federal government scientific research establishment the CSIRO.

Research in the biomedical area is conducted primarily by universities, but medical research

institutes (MRIs) make a major contribution to research effort in this area. The QIMR

Berghofer Medical Research Institute is one of the largest and longest established MRIs with

particular research strengths in the areas of cancer (from epidemiology through to basic

molecular studies) and infectious diseases. Our Institute regularly hosts African students in

the infectious diseases area, and our scientists have been active in malaria and schistosomiasis

research projects in Africa. Some important research linkages currently exist between

Australia and a number of African countries, but there is considerable capacity to strengthen

ties in biomedical research in several areas: (1) Australia is able to provide high quality

educational training for both undergraduate and postgraduate students; (2) Exchange of staff

between educational and research institutions in Africa and Australia will help develop the

skill base of African researchers; and (3) Australian researchers have the capacity to bring

specialist research skills to bear on biomedical problems of particular relevance to the African

people.

Keywords: epidemiology; biomedical research; skills development; capacity building;

funding

40

B2. Challenge of equitable utilization of shared water

resources in the Mara River basin

Ong’or B. T. I.1, Oloko M. O.

2 & Kiluva V. M.

3

1Faculty of Engineering. Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology

P.O. Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya

Phone: +254 722 498 774

E-mail: basil_iro2@yahoo.com

2School of Engineering and Technology, Jaramogi Oginga University of Science and

Technology

P.O. Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya

3Centre for Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance. Masinde Muliro

University of Science and Technology

P.O. Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya

ABSTRACT

Equitable and beneficial utilization of shared natural resources is an established principle of

international law that impacts directly on transboundary natural resource management.

Whereas mechanisms for utility of water resources have been established in some shared river

basin management, its application in most cases is yet to be realised. The current utilization

and management of water resources is an emerging challenge to the riparian states even after

the ratification of a number of treaties established for the same. This paper attempts to

evaluate factors leading to none equitable distribution of water resources in Mara River Basin,

East Africa. It argues that in pursuit of national self-interest, sovereignty that is exercised by

the two states coupled with the extractive effort of the non-state actors on the Mara River

Basin, there is negative influence on the realisation of equitable and sustainable utilization of

water resources on the Basin. To some extent, the riparian partner states in the region are

exercising hegemonic influence over the resources found on each state’s territory. This has

partly contributed to the decline in the quality and quantity of water resources in the basin.

The consequence of this has elicited accusations of water related diseases, drought, water

deficit, water scarcity, reduction in number of wildlife and decline in tourism activity in the

basin. In an attempt to resolve the engineering and hydrological issues from a scientific and

engineering perspective, the absence of clearly defined numbers is also a sited as a challenge

to the researchers from the universities in the region.

Keywords: water resources; transboundary; hegemony; utilization; equitability

41

B3. Electrospun bio-based nanofibers: Opportunities in

healthcare applications

N. Valencia Jacobs

CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Polymers and Composites

P.O. Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa

Phone: +27 415 083 229

Fax: +27 415 832 325

E-mail: vjacbs@csir.co.za; vjacobs27@yahoo.co.za

ABSTRACT

Innovative technologies focused on bio-based materials are of great importance due to their

potential to minimize dependency on fossil fuel. Biopolymers are derived from natural

resources such as exoskeleton of crab shells, woods and mushrooms. While microbial

infections remain one of the major complications in many areas, biopolymers are renewable

and possess antimicrobial properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability which make them

ideal for healthcare applications. Through electrospinning process, biopolymers can be spun

into nanomaterials composed of fibers with large surface area and nanosized diameter.

Electrospinning is a fabrication technique that uses electrostatic force to fabricate nanofibrous

nonwovens from a variety of materials. The physicho-chemical structures, morphologies,

thermo-mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers can be modified to suit a variety of

applications. This paper focusses on nanofiber-based biopolymers prepared by

electrospinning technique, with emphasis on healthcare applications. The biopolymers

discussed include cellulose, chitosan, a chitin derivative, their blends and hybrids.

Keywords: electrospinning; nanofibers; biopolymers; chitosan; properties

42

B4. Challenges of common bean production in a world of

changing climates

Beatrice Anyango & George Ouma

Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology

P.O. Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya

E-mail: banyango@jooust.ac.ke; banyano@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Legumes form an important part of the diets of people in developing countries. Specifically

common beans, Phaseolus vulgaris, have been referred to as the poor mans meat in countries

like Kenya. There are other important legumes, for example groundnuts, cowpea, pigeon pea,

and green grams. The production of legumes in the tropics depends heavily on rainfall and

this has negatively impacted the availability and market prices, this paper will concentrate on

beans. In East Africa, common bean is the most important grain legume and has a relatively

high commercial value in addition to nutrition. They are a good source of proteins, calcium,

iron, thiamine, and Riboflavin. In addition, bean crop residues are used as green manure and

livestock feeds. Erratic rainfall does not help the crops to reach their potential in terms of

growth and seed yield. Drought and delayed rainfall results in crop failure while heavy rains

and floods result in crops being washed away and poor pod/seed set. In some cases too much

water leads to water logging, which cannot support plant growth. This paper reports on case

studies in Lake Victoria basin since 2012.The study involved two farming villages each in the

two study sites, which were medium potential with high rainfall and a semi arid area, which

embraces the two planting seasons. Heavy rains in April-May 2012 improved production in

three villages (200kg/h). One of the villages from the high rainfall areas lost most of their

crop due to heavy rains during flowering time. Production in the short rainy season was low

(20 kg/) while the semi arid zone lost their entire crop to erratic rainfall and prolonged

drought. Long rains (March-May) of 2013 have spoilt most of the crops according to our

records. Bean prices in Kenya hardly drop below $ 1.18, a figure the rural communities

cannot afford: the May 2013 price is at $1.8, the price of half a kilogram of meat. Here we

present mitigation and adaptation options to farmers in this region, which can sustain family

livelihoods.

Keywords: phaseolus vulgaris; common bean; production; L. Victoria Basin; climate change;

climate adaptation and mitigation

43

B5. Effects of charcoal burning on soil nutrients

Akrasi Edem

Department of Renewable Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture

University for Development Studies

Phone: +233 245 741 582; +233 205 963 925

E-mail: edemakrasi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out within the catchment of Dawadawa No. 2 to assess the effect of

charcoal burning on soil nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon and soil

pH. The effect of charcoal burning on soil nutrients was studied in both the charcoal burning

site (CBS) and non-charcoal burning site (NCBS). Core and composite soil samples from 18

purposively selected sites were taken at the depth of 0-20cm at the CBS and NCBS. The soil

samples were analysed in the laboratory to assess the effect of charcoal burning on soil

nutrients. The collected data were analysed using Genstat by running ANOVA to test for

significant differences at 5% level of significance to help compare the levels of nutrients for

the CBS and NCBS. The results showed highly significant amounts of nutrients (N, P, OC

and pH) for the CBS than the NCBS. However, no significant levels were recorded in K for

CBS and NCBS.

Keywords: charcoal burning; soil nutrients; Dawadawa No. 2; Kintampo municipality

44

B6. Promoting sustainable development in Namibia by

using solar energy

Anna Kapulwa, Puleni Petrus, Smita Francis & Penda Shilongo

Women in Engineering, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Namibia

P.O. Box 13388, Windhoek, Namibia

Phone: +264 (61) 207 2539

Fax: +264 (61) 207 2142

E-mail: sfrancis@polytechnic.edu.na

ABSTRACT

Namibia is a young democratic country with a population of 2.1 million. According to the

2011 national census 55% of the population is rural, spread over an area of 825,615 sq km.

Some areas are sparsely populated. Namibia faces a dilemma of providing electricity to the

citizens. Currently, more than 60% of the electricity used in Namibia is being imported from

South Africa and Zimbabwe. However, about 70% of the 2.1 million Namibia’s population

has no electricity coverage. Due to the critical power situation in the region, there is a

possibility that the electricity imports could be reduced. This critical state of electricity in

Namibia made it necessary for the researchers to investigate and improvise use of renewable

sources of energy for use in Namibia. Currently, Namibia operates on four power stations,

‘The Ruacana Hydroelectric station’ on the Kunene River, which has a capacity of generating

249 MW hydro electric power. Due to unpredictable rainfall, the flow in the Kunene River

has been variable making hydro generation unreliable. The coal-fired Van Eck thermal station

based in Windhoek has a generating capacity of 120 MW. The coal used at the Van Eck

thermal station is 100% imported from South Africa. The price of coal has increased

worldwide making it uneconomical to continue with this method of power generation. The

Paratus in Walvis Bay is a heavy fuel-oil station with a generating capacity of 24 MW. The

new Anixas diesel-powered station at Walvis Bay is commissioned to generate 22 MW and

serves as an emergency standby fuel station. This paper investigates the feasibility of

designing a freestanding solar light to alleviate the critical situation of electrical power in

Namibia using appropriate renewable technology suitable for Namibian weather conditions.

Keywords: diesel power generation; hydroelectric power; renewable energy; solar

streetlights; shack fires

45

B7. Critique of the eastern and southern African National

Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA): Urgent and

immediate climate change adaptation needs

Todd Ngara

UNEP Risø Centre, Management Engineering Department, Technical Unversity of Denmark

Denmark

Phone: +45 46 775 191

E-mail: todn@dtu.dk

ABSTRACT

A critical analysis of the prioritization of climate change adaptation needs on economic

sectors is attempted on the basis of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change (UNFCCC) NAPA submissions from fifteen Least Developing Countries (LDCs)

from Eastern and Southern Africa. Together with these submissions, the analysis also takes

into account studies that consider the value of the Human Development Index (HDI) as a

proxy for climate change vulnerability. This analysis is used as a basis for pointing out some

strengths and weaknesses in the NAPA process. The analysis concludes that the process has a

net positive effect (i.e. identifying urgent and immediate needs and emphasis on capacity

building through a multidisciplinary participatory process at national and sub-national levels).

In addition, the ranking of projects together with their estimated costing facilitates

mobilization of resources at both national and international levels. The other positive aspect

brought out by the analysis is that it lays out a clear picture of comparative prioritization of

urgent and immediate needs (sector wise) across the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in

the region. Weaknesses exposed by the study include weak linkages between the NAPAs

process and existing national development plans; programs such as Multilateral

Environmental Agreements (MEAs) with a goal of attaining sustainable development;

inappropriate national institutional drivers of the NAPA process and low prioritization of

some important sectors such as energy and health. Gender and population issues are not

prioritized at all. Lastly, the analysis also proposes that a regional approach in prioritizing

urgent and immediate climate change adaptation needs could have presented a more

comprehensive picture in the Eastern and Southern African LDCs.

Keywords: climate change adaptation need; Least Developing Countries; National

Adaptation Programs of Action

46

B8. Factors that affect health services delivery of

community health workers: A case study of Embu county,

Kenya

Josphat M. Mutua1 & Nancy O. Madigu

2

1 Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation

P.O. Box 43319-00200, Nairobi, Kenya

Phone: +254 0721 568 299

E-mail: jmmutua08@yahoo.com

2 Great Lakes University of Kisumu

P.O. Box 60827-00200, Nairobi, Kenya

Phone: +254 0722 251 420

E-mail:ojemo@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa face the problem of organizing health service delivery

in a manner that provides adequate quality and coverage of health care to their populations. In

response to these challenges, Kenya, Uganda, Ghana, and South Africa are implementing

national programmes of Community Health Workers (CHWs). In Kenya, CHWs are designed

to provide basic community health service which are preventive and simple curative services.

However, there have been concerns on whether the involvement of the CHWs leads to better

delivery of health care services. The current study, aimed at identifying health systems and

community factors that affect delivery of health services by CHWs in Embu County. A cross

sectional study design was used. The quantitative data was analyzed for significance at

p<0.05 using SPSS version 17. Qualitative data was analysed manually by themes, subthemes

and thematic objectives. The study found the success of health service delivery at level one

was dependent on CHWs income, refresher course, use of feedback information, appreciation

by community and knowledge on signs and symptoms of disease. Providing refresher course

and income are crucial in enhancing quality service delivery. Development of contextualized

guideline on the motivation of CHWs was recommended.

47

B9. Innovative science and engineering information

diffusion to enhance climate change mitigation and

adaptation policy infrastructure in Africa

Wilson Okaka

Coordinator, Research and Education Network for Uganda

Faculty of Education, Kyambogo University

P.O. Box 29, Kampala, Uganda

Phone: +256 782 588 846

E-mail: okaka.wilsonprof@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper presents how innovative science and engineering information diffusion to enhance

climate change mitigation and adaptation research can empower people for resilience. It is

vital to create an effective communication strategy for delivering innovation diffusion. In this

review, the paper elaborates on the adverse consequences of climate change effects in Africa,

the efforts so far taken by the East African community (EAC) sub-region, common barriers,

national and regional responses. The consequences of climate change disaster risks from a

science and engineering research policy perspective, social, economic, political, and

environmental aspects, call for early adoption and widespread diffusion of science technology

innovations in Africa. Likewise, there is more urgent need to plan national, sub-regional, and

regional strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation, and to develop effective

regional policy strategy. Africa is already facing gloomy social, economic, political, and

environmental impacts of climate change risks. The foci are to: strengthen the database to aid

climate change research, raise knowledge and awareness of climate change mitigation and

adaptation, enhance gender mainstreaming, curb gas emissions, technology transfer,

communication strategy, theory, ethics, and develop collaborative research.

Keywords: adaptation; communication; diffusion; mitigation; engineering; science

technology

48

B10. Nigerian university training and spinoffs:

Implications for sustainable development

Isaac I. Osakwe1 & Francis I. Idike

2

1Department of Animal Science, Ebonyi State University

PMB 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria

E-mail: osakwe_i@yahoo.com

2Vice-Chancellor, Ebonyi State University

PMB 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria

E-mail: frankidike@ebsu-edu.net

ABSTRACT

Institutions are the vehicles that enable the expression of Science, Engineering and

Technology (SET) potentials, thereby contributing to the improvement of agricultural

productivity and food security. African countries today typically have a complex array of

institutions responsible for the planning, funding and conduct of agricultural research and the

dissemination of technology options arising from it. These include National Agricultural

Research Institutions (NARIs) Universities, International Agricultural Research Centers

(IARCs) to mention but a few. These institutions are undergoing reforms as their role and

relevance as champions of recent innovative use of SET in sustainable development and

meeting the MDGs is under critical examination by stakeholders. University spin-offs are an

important vehicle for knowledge dissemination and have the potential to generate jobs and

economic growth. A number of outstanding practices and initiatives in Nigerian Universities

aimed at exploiting research and innovation capacities to generate new products thereby

creating jobs and economic growth have been identified. This paper discusses some of the

identified outstanding practices and initiatives in Nigerian Universities and presents a case

study of Ebonyi State University, and concludes with the way forward.

Keywords: university training; spin-offs; initiatives; sustainable development

49

B11. Climate change adaptation technologies: Difficulties,

barriers, successful experiences and other potential

methods

Johnny Ogunji1 & Happiness O. Oselebe

2

1Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture

2Department of Crop Production and Landscape Management

Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

E-mail: ogunjijo@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Climate change is already affecting millions of people and is increasing risk of hunger and

food insecurity. Without appropriate responses, climate change is likely to derail development

and poverty reduction efforts of many developing countries. In response to changing climate,

adaptation is becoming an urgent priority. Various adaptation options in agriculture have been

suggested, but development and diffusion of technologies are considered as one of the most

relevant options. It is unfortunate that several huddles are still unsurmounted in the stride to

develop, apply and deploy invaluable technologies for climate change adaptation and

mitigation. Such huddles as discussed in this paper include; lack of information concerning;

climate change forecasting, adaptation options and other agricultural production activities.

Detailed background and justification of the technologies deemed successful are also

discussed. Level of success, constraints and recommendation are indicated. Considering the

very severe effect of Climate change on fisheries, and their contribution to local livelihoods,

national economies and global trade-flows, the issue of wild fish domestication as a climate

change adaptation method is here highlighted as a potential adaptation method. Use of

Housefly Maggot meal as alternative protein source is also suggested, to discourage reliance

of capture fisheries on fishmeal and oil.

Keywords: adaptation; climate change; technologies; fish domestication; Housefly Maggot

meal

50

B12. Date of planting, location, year and/or drought stress

effects on elite lines of groundnut reference collection

grown in Sahelian zones

Falalou Hamidou

Regional Scientist (Crops Psysiologist), ICRISAT

P.O. Box 12404, Niamey, Niger

Phone: +227 2072 2626; +227 2072 2529

E-mail: falalouh@yahoo.fr; hamidoufalalou@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Integration of drought related traits in groundnut breeding program for improving

productivity and adaptation to climate change remains great challenge in semi arid tropics

particularly in Sahelian zones. Identification of drought tolerant lines and relevant traits

associated to drought tolerance could contribute to take up this challenge for successful

breeding program. 64 contrasting genotypes from groundnut reference collection along with

17 farmers preferred varieties and breeding lines were assessed in alpha lattice design in

Maradi and Sadore locations for investigating drought and environment effects on a sub-set

of groundnut reference collection compared to farmers preferred varieties. During two years

in Sadore, an intermittent drought consisting of skipping irrigation was imposed to stress

plots while in Maradi two planting dates were imposed in rainy season 2012. Our findings

showed no significant effect of late planting on 50% time to flowering while haulm and pod

yield decreased up to 67 and 70% respectively. A significant genotype and locations

interaction (F value = 3.96) was observed for pod yield indicating that genotypes performed

differently from one environment to another. Genotype and genotype by environment (GGE)

biplot analysis revealed also that Maradi and Sadore are two different environments. Under

WW conditions, GGE biplot indicated that genotypes ICG 4598, ICG 3053, ICG 3140, ICG

5663, ICG 7878, ICG 5286 and ICG 2772 revealed high yielding in both Maradi and Sadore

environments. Our findings indicated that ICG 12697, ICG 15287, ICG 3140, ICG 434, ICG

8751, ICGV 02266, ICGV 02290, ICGV 88145 and ICGV 97182 genotypes had highest pods

yield under water stress (WS) conditions in Sadore location. These genotypes revealed higher

pods yield (at least 25%) compared to drought tolerant check (farmers preferred varieties) 55-

437, FLEUR11, JL 24, 47-10 and CG7.

Keywords: drought stress; groundnut; reference collection; Sahel; GxE interaction

51

B13. Defecation practices in selected households in rural

Kenya: A challenge to attainment of optimal sanitation

Wilkister Nyaora Moturi, William A. Shivoga & Francis K. Lelo

Department of Environmental Science, Egerton University

P.O. Box 536, Egertonn, Kenya

E-mail: moturi33@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Kenya appears to be on the right track to achieve the water MDG, while sanitation is lagging.

This raises concern that MDG 7 may not be met. A study was carried out in 350 rural

households in the upper river Njoro watershed, Kenya in 2006, to establish faecal disposal

practices and factors influencing them. Questionnaire and observation were used to collect

data on household socioeconomic and homestead characteristics, presence of latrine and

various sites of defecation for children. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation were

used to analyze data. 40.8% of the households did not have any latrine in their homestead.

Conditions in 28.9% of children observed were such that indiscriminate defecation was

encouraged. 80.6% of faecal disposal for children in this age category encouraged

environmental contamination and only 19.4% of faecal disposal practices could be classified

as optimal. In 69.4% and 98.3% of households, human and animal faecal material

respectively was spotted in the yard. Education level of parents was found to be a strong

determinant of faecal disposal practices and the type of sanitation infrastructure in the

homestead. There cannot be real progress towards a reduction in faecal-oral infections, unless

faecal disposal practices are improved.

Keywords: children; contamination; disposal; faeces; households; latrine

52

B14. Classical bio-control of Diamondback moth in

Ethiopia

Gashawbeza Ayalew

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Melkassa center

P.O. Box 436, Nazareth, Ethiopia

E-mail: gashawbeza@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The failure of some programmes using parasitoids has led to classical biocontrol being

classified as inconsistent or unreliable for the control of crop pests. It is suggested that careful

selection of parasitoids with a track record of success in similar environmental conditions

may increase the likelihood of control. Diamondback moth (DBM) population and level of

parasitism were assessed monthly from August 2005 to September 2006, in November 2007

and in January 2008 in brassica fields of Kofele highland in western Arsi region of Ethiopia.

Following the release of Diadegma semiclausum (Hellén), in June 2008, the establishment of

the parasitoid and effect on DBM population, severity of crop damage and locally occurring

indigenous DBM parasitoids were monitored by monthly surveys in the main production

season of June/July to November/December for three years. Before release, DBM numbers

fluctuated between 4.2 and 11.2 per plant and parasitism ranged between 6.5 and 24.7%.

Diamondback moth density declined to 2.8, 0.9 and 0.7 per plant whilst parasitism levels

increased successively to 21%, 39% and 38% in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. A

significant shift in parasitoid guilds was observed after the release of the exotic parasitoid.

The proportion of parasitism accounted by the exotic parasitoid was 18.6, 80.3 and 88.6

percent of total parasitism in the first, second and third year after release. The decline of DBM

density following the release of the introduced parasitoid and its establishment will ensure

production of brassica without pesticide use against DBM in the area. The reasons for the

success of the release programme for D. semiclausum are discussed.

Keywords: Brassica; exotic parasitoid; indigenous parasitoids; Kofele highland; Ethiopia

53

B15. The potential for a Tanzania wireless telemedicine

network: An overview

Daniel S. Kayange, Ramadhani Sinde & Anael Sam

School of Mathematics, Computational and Communications Science and Engineering

Nelson Mandela-African Institute of Science and Technology (NM-AIST)

Arusha, Tanzania

E-mail: kayanged@nm-aist.ac.tz; ramadhani.sinde@nm-aist.ac.tz; anael.sam@nm-aist.ac.tz

ABSTRACT

This paper describes an overview approach to building high-quality wireless telemedicine

networks in Tanzania, as one of the ways of mitigating the shortage of medical personnel. The

rapid advances in information technology and telecommunications, and more specifically

wireless, mobile communications and optical fiber and their convergence are leading to the

emergence of a new type of information infrastructure that has the potential of supporting an

array of advanced services for healthcare. The objective of this paper is to provide a snapshot

of potential applications of wireless telemedicine network in Tanzania. A brief review of the

spectrum of these applications and the potential benefits of these efforts is presented;

indication is given on how thriving telemedicine networks could be built. The model focuses

on flexibility of information technology, network density, strength of network ties, and

network diversity as key factors having impacts on the delivery mode. It also views

acquisition, transfer and sharing of medical knowledge and the development of telemedicine

collaborative knowledge as two learning processes occurring simultaneously and recursively,

and reinforcing each other.

Keywords: telemedicine; health systems; GSM; wireless; Tanzania

54

B16. Computer-based approach to study the impact of

phase change materials on electricity consumption in

composite hot climates

Amina Batagarawa

Phone: +44 796 1624070

E-mail: amina.batagarawa@ncl.ac.uk

Neveen Hamza

E-mail: neveen.hamza@ncl.ac.uk

Steve Dudek

E-mail: steven.dudek@ncl.ac.uk

School of Architecture Landscape and Planning, Newcastle University

United Kingdom NE17RU

ABSTRACT

Rising energy costs and climate change are driving the need for energy conservation in

buildings. Electricity shortage in Nigeria, which decreases the level of comfort and

productivity in office buildings, also drives the need to rationalize the available electricity

supplied by the Central Utility Company. In this study, the effect of Phase Change Materials

(PCM) on electricity consumption in office buildings in a composite hot and dry/hot and

humid climate found in Nigeria is evaluated. Electricity consumption is estimated in a

fieldwork exercise in 15 existing office buildings across Nigeria. A correlation between the

climate and electricity consumption shows there is a mis-alignment between the two variables

indicating an opportunity for energy savings. PCM in the building fabric are evaluated as an

Energy Conservation Mechanism using computer simulations in a parametric analysis.

Results show the potential benefit of using Phase Change Materials in buildings in this

climate on thermal comfort and electricity conservation.

Keywords: phase change materials; energy conservation; thermal comfort; Nigeria;

composite climates; buildings

55

B17. Innovative use of science and engineering in enhanced

research infrastructure and healthcare delivery

Samuel Fatoba

Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford

Phone: +44 01 865 617 882

E-mail: samuel.fatoba@phc.ox.ac.uk

ABSTRACT

The increasing rate of preventable mortality from chronic, non-communicable disease

conditions has not only raised the awareness level of the African public, but has created an

ever urgent need for innovative, evidence-based health care delivery service that is both

robust and affordable. Undoubtedly, a healthy continent is a wealthy continent. With the

increasing rural-urban migration rates and ever widening middle class in most African

countries, there is high demand for better healthcare services. However, robust evidence-

based healthcare innovations and services are desperately lacking. In this paper, using

relevant case studies, I will explore potential innovative uses of basic science and engineering

to enhance healthcare delivery with particular bias to the African population. Additionally, I

will address potential difficulties and possible solutions to attaining this innovative prowess.

In global scientific and technological advancement, we have a reliable ally to facilitate our

journey through innovative approaches to better and affordable healthcare delivery services

that is both sustainable and entrepreneurial. Efficient utilization of modern science and

technology for ‘relevant’ problem solving will imminently result to knowledge advancement

and ‘necessary’ innovation. Eventually, this evidence-based framework will help inform

better healthcare solutions, policies and delivery.

Keywords: Africa; evidence-based; non-communicable; diseases; innovation; healthcare;

science; technology; policy; infrastructure; research

56

B18. Community perception on weather variability and

their coping strategies within the Lake Victoria basin, East

Africa, Uganda

C. Bigirimana1, 3

, F. Omujal 2, 3

, P. Isubikalu3, E. Bizuru

1, J.G. Agea

3, A M. Malinga

4 & J. B.

L. Okullo3

1National University of Rwanda, Rwanda

2Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Uganda

3Makerere University, College of Agricultural and Environment Sciences, Uganda

4National Forestry Authority, Uganda

E-mail: celbigirimana@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Communities within Lake Victoria Basin have always faced climatic variability in their life.

The aim of this study was to document community perceptions on weather prediction, its

effects and coping strategies within the Lake Victoria Basin. Interview and Focus Group

Discussion (FGD) conducted to in five districts in Uganda to establish how communities

predict weather variability, their experiences on the effect and coping strategies. The

communities were able to predict weather variability using local knowledge. Specifically,

appearance and behaviour of birds and insects, moon, clouds, direction of wind and

temperature was used in weather variability prediction. There were experiences of

communities on weather variability in the last 5 to 10 years like poor crop harvest, crop and

animal pests and diseases, crop wilting and extinction, soil erosion. Coping strategies used

were; in situ and ex-situ conservation, use of wild fruits as alternative source of food and

medicine, use of manure and fertilizers, use of insecticides and pesticides and anti-erosion

activities. This community knowledge is useful and should be integrated with other

conventional methods to predict weather variability.

Keywords: weather variability; climate change; local community; coping strategies; weather

prediction; livelihood

57

B19. Local uses of indigenous fruit trees in Lake Victoria

basin, Rwanda

C. Bigirimana1, 3

, F. Omujal 2, 3

, P. Isubikalu3, E. Bizuru

1, M. Malinga

4. , J.G. Agea

3 & J. B. L

Okullo3

1National University of Rwanda, Rwanda

2Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Uganda

3 Makerere University, College of Agricultural and Environment Sciences, Uganda

4National Forestry Authority, Uganda

Corresponding Author:

Celestin Bigirimana

Phone: +256 783 262 222; +250 788 764 361

E-mail: celbigirimana@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Rural communities within the Lake Victoria Basin are subsistent in nature and also

traditionally dependent on indigenous fruit trees (IFTs) to partially meet their nutritional,

income and health requirements. Depending on the way the rural communities consider the

IFTs and the information they have, the interaction and the traditional use of IFTs is specific

and valued by some classes of people. The study was carried out in districts of Bugesera,

Kirehe, Musanze and Nyamagabe in Rwanda with aim to identify IFTs preferred and assess

their uses. A total of 816 of farmers who may benefit from IFTs were interviewed during data

collection. FGD was also conducted in two cells in each district to collect data. IFTs such as

Garcinia buchanani, Ximenia caffra, Pappea capensis, Strychnos sp, P. curatellifolia, Lannea

Schimperi, Carica cundinamarcensis and Myrianthus holstii were reported as most preferred

IFTs in the selected areas. These wild plant species are source of food, medicine and income

for communities. Medicine is traditionally prepared mostly by decoction of leaves, bark and

roots. Besides, syrup was also extracted from different parts of the fruit tree to treat a number

of ailments. Infusion is also another way of preparing medicine. IFTs therefore play an

important role on communities’ livelihood.

Keywords: indigenous fruit trees; local knowledge; food security; livelihood

58

B20. Molecular tools in plant virus research

H. K. Were

Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology

P.O. Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya

Phone: +254 563 0870; +254 724 972 207

E-mail: werehkde@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Vegetatively propagated crops such as cassava, sweet potato, Potato, cocoyams and Bananas

are especially important in sub-Saharan Africa, their combined production exceeding that of

cereals. However, yields per hectare are generally far below world averages. Diseases are

major constraints and most varieties in SSA are badly degenerated by virus-infections.

Economic modelling has indicated that growing disease-resistant material, and clean seed

(disease-free), offer the greatest opportunities for these crops. Tissue culture can eliminate

bacterial, nematode and fungal diseases but it is not a guarantee for viral diseases. The most

important step in disease management is disease diagnosis. The initial form of virus detection

and diagnosis is by observation of symptoms. However, with variation due to cultivars, virus

strains and growing conditions this is not particularly reliable. ELISA readily detects most

viruses, although care has to be taken with possible serological variants. Moreover, some

viruses can be present at too low a concentration for ELISA and more sensitive techniques are

required. Immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) can also be used to detect virus

particles and portable lateral flow devices (LFD) are available for rapid ‘in-field’ testing. The

polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to detect DNA viruses and, coupled with reverse

transcription (RT-PCR) RNA viruses can also be detected as well. Different virus strains can

best be detected by analysing sequences of different isolates. In summary, it is important to

have the capacity to employ several different analytical tests for the routine diagnosis and

management of plant viruses.

Keywords: vegetative plants; diagnostic; viruses; sensitive

59

B21. Investigation of additional source of raw water from

the reclaimed effluent water from constructed wetland

domestic wastewater treatment plant in the University of

Lagos, Nigeria

Adeniran A. E.1, Aina A. T.

2, Oshunrinade O. O.

2 & Akanmu J. A.

3

1 Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Director of Works, University of Lagos,

Nigeria 2 Works and Physical Planning Department, University of Lagos, Nigeria

3 Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, University of Lagos, Nigeria

Lead Author

Adeniran A. E.

Phone: +234 803 323 9097

E-mail: eadeniran@unilag.edu.ng; engrea@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The University of Lagos, Nigeria (Unilag) mainly depends on internal boreholes and

municipal supply (the Lagos State Water cooperation) as sources of water supply to the

University. While a number of boreholes water serves as the source of raw water to the

University's water treatment plants, the municipal water is pumped directly for distribution. In

addition to water shortages that do arise occasionally from these sources, the combined

quantities of the internal and municipal water supply are far below the current water demand

of the University. In this study, we examined the quality and quantity of water reclaimed from

the constructed wetland based domestic sewage treatment plant (CWDSTP), which has been

further processed through slow sand filters (SSF), as possible source of additional raw water

for the University Water Treatment plant. The study revealed that the reclaimed water from

the CWDSTP further processed with the SSF is good enough for use as addition source of raw

water and conform with both FEPA and WHO standard for water to be further processed for

drinking with parameters such as pH, Turbidity, total dissolved solids, colour, iron, nitrate and

E. coli. The study also confirms that some additional 200m3/day to 350m

3/day can be

reprocessed from the reclaimed water. The study concludes that the reclaimed water from

CWDSTP and SSF can be recycled as additional source of raw water to reduce the existing

gap between water demand and supply in the University.

Keywords: water supply; water quality; bore raw water; reclaimed sewage effluent; supply

and demand gap

60

B22. Interface of technological development, economic

growth, and emergence of unknown environmental risks:

A case of nanotechnology

N. Museea,b

& L. Sikwhivhiluc

aNanotechnology Environmental Impacts Research Group, NRE, CSIR

P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

bDepartment of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology

Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

cDST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek

Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa

Corresponding Author:

N. Musee

Phone: +27 12 841 4134

E-mail: nmusee@csir.co.za; museen2012@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the roles of nanotechnology in addressing the biggest challenges facing Africa

today are outlined. These include, among others human health, water quality and scarcity, and

enhanced energy distribution. Moreover whilst the initial costs to set up industrial framework

to exploit nanotechnology capabilities in Africa are likely to appear as high; however, the

adoption of collaborations and partnerships among diverse stakeholders (governments,

venture capital, industry, development banks, academics, researchers, etc.) provide a feasible

approach to make the continent optimize the benefits of this emerging technology. In

addition, there are compelling reasons to suggest that knowledge-based economy is a

modality not only suitable to address the challenges of unemployment but also enhancing a

country’s and regional economic growth. Thus, in this paper, how collaborative training and

research programmes in the domain of nanotechnology including examining its potential risks

to humans and the environment can yield benefits to the African continent where the case of

South Africa is used as an illustrative case study. Finally, the role of diverse partnerships in

enhancing nanotechnology in South Africa including universities will be highlighted.

Keywords: collaborative research; nanomaterials; risk; knowledge-based economy

61

C. ABSTRACTS FOR SUB-THEME 3

Creating an effective synergy between science, engineering and

innovation, youth employment, entrepreneurship development

and inclusive growth

SPEAKERS

1. Esi Awuah

Creating an effective synergy between engineering and innovation, youth

employment, entrepreneurship development and inclusive growth

2. Ernst Uken

AGNES in action

3. S. Felix Toteu

African Network of Earth Science Institutions (ANESI): Vision, mission and

objectives

4. Edward Andama

Addressing challenge of youth unemployment through creating synergy between

science, technology, and innovation

5. Collence T. Chisita & Tafadzwa Mudondo

Building bridges for interdisciplinary and inter-institutional collaboration to enhance

entrepreneurship development through public and private sector partnerships: Case of

Harare Polytechnic

6. Jonas A. S. Redwood-Sawyerr

Aligning expectations of employers and graduates with institutional curricula

7. Samuel O. Uniamikogbo

Science and engineering education and inclusive growth in Nigeria: The missing link

8. G. O. Amolo, N. W. Makau & M. Z. Mapelu

The need for establishing national physical sciences research institutes in Africa: The

case of Kenya

9. Madiha Kotb

Synergy between engineering, innovation and entrepreneurship for high-end economic

development

10. Anderson K. Kipkoech, Aissetou Yaye, Sebastian Chakeredza & James Aucha

Linking training in agriculture to agricultural development in Africa

62

11. Pius Kamau

Role of men in women’s STEM education

12. Janice da Graça

The education we want: Youth African vision

13. J. Catherine Ngila

Nanotechnology applied in water purification for removal of metal and persistent

organic pollutants

63

C1. Creating an effective synergy between engineering

and innovation, youth employment, entrepreneurship

development and inclusive growth

Prof. Esi Awuah

Vice-Chancellor, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana

E-mail: esiawuahrt@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Fields of engineering have changed over the years. With the arrival of the computer,

unemployment has become an issue, as machines and robots started doing the work that

several people could do. We are now moving into a new age, which is calling for efficient use

of resources at the molecular and atomic level and at a nanoscale. Manufacturing of products

can be done for many by a few people. With the rapid increase in population growth and with

few people to produce goods and services for several people, the situation of unemployment

will worsen if proper measures are not put in place to curb this problem. According to the

Statistics from the International Labour Organization, one quarter of the world's youth are

neither in school nor employed. Twenty six million people in the developed world are known

as NEETs (Not in Education, Employment or Training) and 260 million people are not

employed or in School in the developing countries. In the developing countries, which are

home to 90% of the world's youth, half of the youth are employed in the informal sector.

Education provided at tertiary institutions and universities have often not provided the

requisite skills required by industries. Industries are therefore reluctant to employ such

graduates. Employers are looking for graduates who are practical and will bring innovative

ideas and creativity into their establishments. The quality of service provision for

communities has gone down and new technologies, which require continuous development in

skills acquisition keep emerging. This looks at the reasons for the high unemployment among

the youth and calls for measures such as vocational skills development, continuous

educational development in engineering and technology such as intelligent automation,

continuous manufacturing and crystallization, photonics, ultra precision etc. Collaboration

between industry and academia is also recommended. Curricula that will promote creativity

and innovation is recommended at all levels of education for synergies between everyday life

activities and engineering. The youth are encouraged to be versatile and skillful in other areas

to expand their job market and to become entrepreneurs. The paper recommends to

Governments to make policies that will promote youth employment and to produce an

environment that will enhance business development. A course on moral issues with emphasis

on integrity and ecosystem conservation for sustainable development is also recommended for

youth development.

Keywords: entrepreneurship; innovation; technology; unemployment; youth

64

C2. AGNES in action

Prof Ernst Uken

Head, CPUT Energy Institute and Interim-Chair, African-German Network of Excellence in

Science

PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa

Phone: +27 21 460 3127

E-mail: ukene@cput.ac.za

ABSTRACT

At the initiative of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (AvH), the ‘African-German

Network of Excellence in Science’ was born in Addis Ababa on 18 November 2011. Invited

Founder Humboldtians from 16 African states and various German agencies participated. It

was decided to officially baptize ‘AGNES’ during the prestigious Humboldt-Kolloquium:

‘The Power of Excellence in Science - enhancing academic capacities in Africa’, to be held in

Nairobi from 6-8 March 2014. The interim AGNES committee was charged with establishing

a Constitution, leading to the official formation and structure of AGNES. In the meantime a

Questionnaire was launched, determining what sort of Research clusters could be expected to

develop south-of-the Sahara. These will be highlighted during the presentation. Funding

remains a problem, so AGNES very much appreciated the Humboldt Institutional Supporting

Partnership between the Yaoundé University1 (Cameroon) and the Rhine-Waal University of

Applied Sciences (Germany). The AGNES Administrative Centre was established in

Cameroon. Here 15 post-doc, AGNES Junior Scientist Grant-holders were chosen from 6

countries during December 2012, enabling them to find host partners in Germany. Their

progress was tracked and reported on by their mentors, during the AGNES ExCo meeting

held in Johannesburg in April 2013. With the continued support from the German Federal

Ministry of Research and Development and lately from ‘The World Academy of Sciences’, it

is anticipated that support can again be given in 2013 and beyond to qualifying new

applicants to study in Germany under AvH Scholarships. TWAS already supports research

centers in Botswana, Madagascar, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda. Humboldtians in

Africa are expected to partner with German scientists and a Yahoo website has been

established to enhance this cluster formation.

Keywords: international research networking; post-doc grants; preparation for Humboldt

scholarships; AGNES newsletter

65

C3. African Network of Earth Science Institutions

(ANESI): Vision, mission and objectives

S. Felix Toteu

UNESCO Regional Office for Eastern Africa

Nairobi, Kenya

E-mail: sf.toteu@unesco.org

ABSTRACT

Investing in human resource capacity development in Earth sciences is crucial if Africa is to

realize its huge earth resources potential and to make this sector a key driver of its economic

growth and in achieving the UN Millennium Development Goals. Earth sciences also

underpin many other aspects of the economy – infrastructure and agriculture as well as

biodiversity and health, and the prevention and monitoring of natural and human-induced

hazards and disasters. Acknowledging the current challenges of Earth science research and

training in Africa, UNESCO launched the Earth Science Education Initiative in Africa in

2010 to “trigger the development of the next generation of earth scientists in Africa who are

equipped with the necessary tools, networks and perspectives to apply sound science to

solving and benefiting from the challenges and opportunities of sustainable development”.

The Network of African Earth Science Institutions (ANESI) was subsequently launched in

January 2013 in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) as a step toward to achieving the goals of the Earth

Science Education Initiative in Africa through strengthening collaboration, exchange and

partnership between African Earth science institutions, including Earth-related industries.

This paper presents the results of a Working Group set up during the Addis Ababa launch to

prepare the Strategic Plan of ANESI. UNESCO believes that the Conference of Vice-

Chancellor and Deans of Science, Engineering and Technologies (COVIDSET-2013) is the

appropriate forum to endorse this Strategic Plan.

Keywords: earth sciences; institutional networking; Africa

66

C4. Addressing challenge of youth unemployment through

creating synergy between science, technology, and

innovation: Practical lessons from Busitema University

Edward Andama

Dean and Senior Lecturer, Busitema University, Faculty of Science and Education

P. O. Box 236, Tororo, Uganda

Phone: +256 772 464279; +256 704 281806

E-mail: e.andama@sci.busitema.ac.ug; andamaedward@gmail.com

Website: www.busitema.ac.ug

ABSTRACT

All over the world, the challenge of youth unemployment has assumed unprecedented

proportions and has become a priority for all countries and governments with high percentage

of youth populations. Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) are key components of social

integration, sustainable development, poverty eradication and prosperity creation. This has

direct relevance to provision of employment opportunities for the youth who constitute the

majority of the population. This paper underscores the synergy between science, technology

and innovation as a strategy for national development, focusing on youth empowerment

strategies for inclusive growth. The purpose is to demonstrate the potential that exists in

enhancing creativity, employability and innovativeness of the youth through creating synergy

between STI for national development. The paper illustrates key efforts being made within

Busitema university teaching, research and outreach programmes to instill the habit and skills

of creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship, self employment and thus empowering the

beneficiaries to spur local economic growth with “ripple effect” on the national economy.

Keywords: youth unemployment; entrepreneurship skills; creativity; inclusive growth;

science, technology and innovation

67

C5. Building bridges for interdisciplinary and inter-

institutional collaboration to enhance entrepreneurship

development through public and private sector

partnerships: Case of Harare Polytechnic

Collence T. Chisita & Tafadzwa Mudondo

Harare Polytechnic

P.O. Box CY407, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT

With the current world recession and limited opportunities for formal employment for the

University graduates, it has become the norm to infuse entrepreneurial skills development in

all curricular ranging from pure to applied sciences. As the country makes strides to

reposition itself on the global knowledge economy, entrepreneurship has a key role to play in

reducing poverty and providing self-employment opportunities. There is growing recognition

of entrepreneurship as a viable policy response to graduate unemployment, for example many

institutions including Harare Polytechnic have infused entrepreneurship into their curricular,

thus training for both employment and self employment. This paper will explore the extent to

which interdisciplinary and inter- institutional collaboration in both pure and applied sciences

has helped to spur creativity and innovation amongst graduates. It will also investigate how

Public and Private sector Partnerships in Higher and Tertiary institutions are helping to create

mutual reciprocal relations between all stakeholders. The writers will explore the extent to

which entrepreneurship is helping to empower communities through community engagement

programmes, like, Integrated School outreach programmes (ISOP) and intrapreneurship

through departmental runned businesses .It will also seek to find out the extent of synergy

between science, engineering and innovation and entrepreneurship. The paper will also

consider the role of research and intellectual excellence as the basis for creativity and

innovation in Polytechnics.

Keywords: entrepreneurial skills development; self employment; community engagement;

creagement; parabiosis; social inclusion

68

C6. Aligning expectations of employers and graduates

with institutional curricula

Jonas A. S. Redwood-Sawyerr

Former Vice Chancellor and Principal

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and

Architecture, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone

Mount Aureol, Freetown, Sierra Leone

Phone: +232 76 670 904

E-mail: jasredwood@usl.edu.sl; abiosehrs@gmail.com; jredwood_sawyerr@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

As universities strive to improve their quality assurance in the delivery of their academic

programmes, curriculum developers are constantly struggling with the problems of relevance

of their courses to the job market while ensuring that students wishing to pursue postgraduate

courses are fully equipped with the foundation that will ensure that transition is made

seamlessly. Their desire to fulfill both demands is often constrained by limited resources

available in these tertiary institutions that will fully meet the needs of the profession and

academia. With these constraints, modules such as entrepreneurship, project management and

soft skills required for an immediacy of productive employment in industry are often not

taught or when this is done they are usually very minimal. A questionnaire based survey

carried out in Sierra Leone, involving employers, lecturers and graduate employees, showed

that 57.15% of employers ranked the problem solving skills of their graduate employees as

reasonable, i.e. a grade of 2 on a 6 point scale where the sixth point was Don’t know. While

over 60 % of employers assigned a High to Very Good value to the degree awarded to their

employees, 35.71% felt their research and analytical skills were poor or low. Among the 13

skills sets listed as being desirable of their employees, Oral communications, Loyalty and

integrity, learning abilities, Field specific knowledge and initiative were ranked the highest by

78% of employers that correctly responded. The paper aims at further discussing this topic

within the context of the University of Sierra Leone and makes references to the wider

international situation with some concluding recommendations.

Keywords: aligning; employers; institutions; educational; curriculum; soft skills

69

C7. Science and engineering education and inclusive

growth in Nigeria: The missing link

Samuel O. Uniamikogbo

Department of Economics, Ambrose Alli University

Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria

Phone: +23 48 033 910 920

E-mail: uniamikogbo@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Science and Engineering are fundamental factors of inclusive growth. No country can achieve

sustainable inclusive growth without substantial investment in appropriate science and

engineering education with particular reference to Technical and Vocational Education and

Training (TVET). TVET is key to increased productivity and creativity, promotion of

entrepreneurship and youth development. Even the African Union’s Plan Action for the

Second Decade of Education (2006-2015), recognizes the importance of TVET as a means of

empowering individuals to take control of their lives and suggested its integration into the

general education system. However the needed effective synergy in this direction is lacking in

Nigeria. Educational institutions have failed to deliver research for innovations and skills for

inclusive growth due to disconnects between them and other skills and research users and

providers. National policy of ratio 60:40 in favour of science and engineering courses in terms

of students’ enrolment in the University system is currently 67:33 in favour of non-science

and non-engineering courses. TVET has become supply-driven and not demand-driven, with

the products lacking the required skills for self-employment and employment in the private

sector for inclusive growth and national development. The paper brought to the fore the need

for effective synergy of issues among which are the consideration of the disconnection

between the producers and users of the required skills and the deepening of the training

market through private sector partnership.

Keywords: inclusive growth; supply-driven; demand-driven; effective synergy

70

C8. The need for establishing national physical sciences

research institutes in Africa: The case of Kenya

G. O. Amolo, N. W. Makau & M. Z. Mapelu

Computational Materials Science Group, Department of Physics, University of Eldoret

P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya

Phone: +254 729 401 249

E-mail: amolo@uoeld.ac.ke

ABSTRACT

The need for centralized and accessible state-of-the-art facilities in the physical sciences in

Africa and especially in Kenya is long overdue in the light of the grand plans of many African

countries like Kenya to attain industrialization in the next two decades. The impacts of the

biological and agricultural science institutions formed several decades back have been felt in

the Kenyan economy but could be much more if cross-cutting approaches to problem solving

with other disciplines are adopted. However, the physical sciences have generally lagged

behind. There is now an immediate need to form National Physical Sciences Research

Institutes (NPSRI) in Africa to support the needs of local industry and other research

institutions for the development of the respective countries as well as being a base for

innovation and technology. Experiences from the developed world indicate that it takes about

10 – 15 years to establish national laboratories and bring them to an international status. A

well equipped NPSRI would be ideal for postgraduate level training and also the attraction

and retention of skilled personnel from the international community as well as Africans living

permanently abroad, who would like to contribute to their countries national development.

The NPSRI would be expected to act as foci points of research and development in areas such

as Green Energy Production, Laser and Optical Technology, Computer modeling of Materials

Science and Epidemic Dynamics as well as other targeted and strategic areas of national

interest.

Keywords: national physical sciences research institutes; centralized facilities; economy;

impact of science; multidisciplinary; scientific work culture; priority and national strategic

areas

71

C9. Synergy between engineering, innovation and

entrepreneurship for high-end economic development

Madiha Kotb

ASME President

Two Park Avenue, NY 10016-5990, United States of America

Phone: 19 175 331 286

ABSTRACT

The links between Engineering, Innovation and Entrepreneurship have been determined to be

clear drivers of high-end economic development, quality of life improvements for people, and

the essential value-add that turns unsustainable raw-material economies into sustainable

product development economies. Challenged by weak systemic connection with industry and

commercial practice, traditional Engineering Education often lacks the perspective of

practicing engineers who are working at the forefront of new product development or with the

complex realities at the intersection of the environment, the market place and the public need.

Data from several research projects and the Engineering for the Americas initiative will be

presented showing cases how National and Regional Policies can help align educational

outcomes with workforce needs and how University curricula can be adapted to better serve

the needs of Industry, and by extension economic growth.

Keywords: engineering education; policy; industry; economic growth; life improvement

72

C10. Linking training in agriculture to agricultural

development in Africa

Anderson K. Kipkoech1, Aissetou Yaye

2, Sebastian Chakeredza

2 & James Aucha

2

1University of Eldoret

P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya 2African Network for Agriculture. Agroforestry and Natural Resources Education (ANAFE),

United Nations Avenue, Gigiri

P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya

Phone: +254 727 016 844

E-mail: akkipkoech@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Agriculture remains the main economic activity, contributing up to 30% of the GDP of the

majority of African countries. There is an opportunity to increase the contribution by the

agricultural sector through improving production efficiency and ensuring that production is

carried out at the economic optimal points. The subsistence nature of production influences

the farm household decision making to focus more on food security and not income

maximization. Agricultural graduates will be relied upon to provide the critical boost to

agricultural development through developing agribusinesses and improving the efficiency,

thereby enhancing demand and supply for the African agricultural produce. A study

commissioned by the African Network for Agriculture, Agroforestry and Natural Resources

(ANAFE) aimed at evaluating the training in agriculture in African Universities in order to

recommend ways to enhance graduate agribusiness enterprises, to improve the teaching and

learning of agribusiness and to up-scale innovations in the sector. The study involved a series

of individual and focus group interviews involving staff and students in the Faculties teaching

agricultural disciplines in Universities in Kenya, Uganda, Ghana, and Zambia. Results show

that the majority of the respondents (81.9%) attained an equivalent of second class honours

(upper and lower divisions) while 7.3% attained first class (distinction). Male students

performed better than their female counterparts. Most of the agricultural graduates work in

their countries of birth. There was a decreasing demand for agricultural training compared to

other disciplines. Employers of agricultural graduates found new graduates to be deficient of

innovative ideas and practical experience. The study recommends that agricultural training

should take place in an experiential learning platform. Modernizing training in agriculture

will address the low demand for agricultural training. Strengthening the role of a professional

body for agriculture will help in developing agriculture as a profession and attract more

students to the agricultural disciplines for training.

Keywords: agribusiness; training; universities; innovation

73

C11. Role of men in women’s STEM education

Pius Kamau, MD

President, African American Higher Education Partnerships

1411 South Potomac Street, Suite 320, Aurora, Colorado 80012, USA

E-mail: kamaupk@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Women must be part of the scientific fabric if Africa is to take its legitimate place among the

world's nations. Sadly the numbers of African women graduating in Science, Technology,

Engineering and Mathematics remains small. New methods must be devised to boost numbers

of women at the PhD level joining the ranks of research scientists in Africa. Our group

AAHEP - Africa America Higher Education Partnerships - is made up of a majority of men

scientists and believes that we need to recruit more male scientists to become advocates for

the entry of women into the scientific world - especially PhDs. Our experience shows us that

many young African women are easily discouraged; they find many obstacles on their way to

blazing stellar scientific trails. The job of mentoring must fall on African men and women of

good will - who must actively recruit each other - to remove these obstacles.

Keywords: STEM; education; women; PhD; AAHEP

74

C12. The education we want: Youth African vision

Janice da Graça

AIMS SIDS Youth Network

Mindelo, Cape Verde

Phone: +238 959 8609

E-mail: janicesoraia@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This essay is guided by the following research question: "What is the youth African

perspective about the challenges faced in the educational system and what opportunities are

present in the socio-cultural context of Africa that can improve our educational system in

order to have a system prepared to participate in the build of active citizens in the process of

sustainable development?”. Therefore, the aim is to share the current vision of youth people in

the African countries about the challenges we face in the educational system that can impact

the development of the African countries and suggest new directions, partnerships and

synergies. This paper explores the perspective of youth from Cape Verde, São Tomé and

Principe, Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Maldives, Mauritius and Seychelles, collected in local and

regional meetings organized to receive inputs to create a participative view of the future we

want and the post 2015 international agenda. The main objective of this essay is to share the

youth perspective about the education seen like a vector of sustainable development, by

valuing of concepts such as education for autonomy, change, democracy, creativity,

entrepreneurship environment, health, economic citizenship, women, interculturalism,

solidarity and development, resulting in a contemporary education system able to work for a

creative, socially and environmentally conscious generation of future leaders.

Keywords: education; sustainable development; youth

75

C13. Nanotechnology applied in water purification for

removal of metal and persistent organic pollutants

J. Catherine Ngila

Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg

P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa

Phone: +27 115 596 196; +27 716 320 106

Fax: +27 115 596 425

E-mail: jcngila@uj.ac.za; jcngila2002@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Water pollution is an intractable global environmental problem that emanates from increased

anthropogenic activities. The activities include processing, agricultural, mining,

manufacturing, pharmaceutical and petroleum industries. They lead to the release of raw and

partly treated toxic wastes as effluents or leachates, which find their way into both surface and

groundwater. Another major challenge is the world population expected to double by the year

2050. It is projected that half of the population will not get adequate water. As the scarcity of

water and pollution awareness increases, the use of bottled water from vendors is on the

increase but this is both expensive and unsustainable. Therefore remediation measures for

pollutant removal using efficient low cost innovative methods of purification are inevitable.

The current concern is the presence of several types of metal ions and organic contaminants in

treated effluents as well as in treated drinking water. We have developed a nanotechnology

based on filters for water treatment using natural polymers such as chitin, lignin and cellulose.

These biopolymers that have been modified to improve their performance in removing water

pollutants. The biopolymers were processed through spinning to produce nanofibers with

superior functionalities compared to their starting raw materials. We applied the filters

developed in our laboratories; in real water samples collected from river water and industrial

wastewater and found them to compare favorably with the commercial sorbents when applied

in river water and industrial wastewater.

Keywords: water treatment; nanotechnology; nanofibers; biopolymers; trace metals;

persistent organic pollutants

76

D. ABSTRACTS FOR SUB-THEME 4

Science, technology, and innovation policies for sustainable

development of Africa

SPEAKERS

1. Joseph Obofoni Odigure

Need for national networks of African Network of Scientific

2. Francis C. Ezeonu

Setting the agenda for toxicology research in Africa

3. Wilson Okaka

The role of university, science, technology outreach policy in communicating

sustainable development

4. Victor Konde

Practices and hurdles for the transfer of publicly funded technology in Africa: The

case of Ghana, Kenya and Zambia

5. Okelola, O. E. & Ariyo, O. C.

Economics analysis for sustainable cassava production in Ikwo local government area

of Ebonyi State, Nigeria

77

D1. Need for national networks of African Network of

Scientific and Technological Institutions

Joseph Obofoni Odigure

Covenant University, Chemical Engineering Department, Ota, Nigeria

Phone: +23 48 033 787 849

E-mail: josephodigure@yahoo.com; josephodigure@futminna.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

The ultimate development objective of African Network Scientific Technological Institutions

(ANSTI) is to strengthen the region’s capacity for training, research and establishing services

for intensive and purposeful utilization of science, engineering and technology for

development. The specific objective is to support the process of human resource capacity

building in relevant areas of Science, Engineering and Technology (ANSTI Strategic Plan

2007-2011). An observation of my participation in COVIDSET 2007 was the visible

uncoordinated participation of the Nigerian and other national delegates. Conceptualization,

implementation and management of policies among the Nigerian Universities have being

largely individualistic; with limited collaboration at the CVC and Unions levels. The 21st

century education will be defined by how governments are able to control synergy between

HEIs and industries. An attempt to form Nigerian ANSTI was promoted immediately after the

COVIDSET 2007. The inaugural meeting with 34 Universities, Governmental Agencies and

Private Industries was held on May, 2008. The process is today comatose because of

ownership. ANSTI strategic objectives need to be expounded to include formation of national

networks. Bi-annual meetings are not effective promoters; national networks should be

established to drive the vision and mission of ANSTI.

Keywords: ANSTI; visibility; national networks

78

D2. Setting the agenda for toxicology research in Africa

Francis C. Ezeonu

Dept. of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University

Awka, Nigeria

Phone: +23 48 036 686 326; +23 47 087 720 000

E-mail: fc.ezeonu@unizik.edu.ng

ABSTRACT

Industrialization and global international trade has enormously increased the burden of

poisons in Africa. Poverty, poor governance, political instability, corruption, unplanned

urbanization, overpopulation, disease, war, and armed conflict further exacerbate public and

environmental health issues. The consequence is that the entire biosphere in Africa – the air,

the water, the land, the food and feeding stuffs are all troubled and diseases once alien to the

continent have crept in devastating our people. Health conditions hitherto alien to Africa is

here with us today. Unfortunately most African countries lack the resources and human

capacity needed to conduct relevant studies on human exposure and health risk assessment.

Consequently these countries lack quality environmental management and regulatory

decisions. Largely, therefore the story of poisons in African is told more from the perspective

of outsiders, foreigners and those in the diaspora. This paper reviews key issues and

perspectives of toxicological research in Africa, discusses the implication of lack of

institutional platform and infrastructural framework for toxicological sciences as well as the

limitations of outsiders setting agenda for toxicological and public health issues for the

continent. The paper reviews the current trends in educational curriculum and research in

toxicological sciences in the continent and suggests ways forward.

Keywords: human exposure; risk assessment; toxicology research; toxicology curriculum

79

D3. The role of university science technology outreach

policy in communicating sustainable development

Wilson Okaka

Coordinator, Research and Education Network for Uganda, Kyambogo University

P.O. Box 29, Kyambogo, Uganda

Phone: +256 782 588 846

E-mail: okaka.wilsonprof@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The paper highlights how science technology innovation (STI) outreaches make the relevance

of university STIs felt by the local communities in Africa. The aims are to: present an

overview of the current status of outreach approaches by East African universities; discuss

effective community STI outreach communication; explain the challenges and prospects of

STI outreaches; outline the key enablers of effective outreaches in the region; and explain

how to infuse outreaches into university STI. There is very low diffusion of university STI

outreaches in the target communities; ineffective outreaches; very low and shallow awareness

of STI outreaches in most communities; weak or lack of specific university outreach polices;

lack of adequate budget support; low access to ICT applications, and poor university research

dissemination culture. STI outreaches are hindered by very weak capacity, limited or wrong

approaches, uncoordinated planning and implementation, lack of sustainability, and field

motivations. The strategy should design participatory approaches to: community STI research

activities; infusion of outreaches into research and education curricula; policy awareness

communication strategy, use of ICTs for early adoption and diffusion STIs for lasting social,

economic, environmental, and policy for sustainable development in Africa.

Keywords: Africa; communication; innovation; outreach; policy; science technology

80

D4. Practices and hurdles for the transfer of publicly

funded technology in Africa: The case of Ghana, Kenya

and Zambia

Dr. Victor Konde

New Technologies and Innovation Section (NITS), Special Initiatives Division (SID), United

Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)

P.O. Box 3001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

E-mail: VKonde@uneca.org

ABSTRACT

The study unveils some of the major hurdles impeding the transfer of publicly funded

technology in Africa by examining the current technology transfer practices and performances

of publicly funded R&D institutions. A pilot survey of selected top R&D institutions in

Ghana, Kenya and Zambia was undertaken to understand the key practice, challenges and

mechanisms, policies and resources put in place to transfer technologies to market. The study

identifies four key challenges that hinder technology commercialization in the target

countries, they include: (1.) Lack of funding for technology commercialization, (2.) R&D

centres do not prioritize commercialization as one of their core activities, (3.) Lack of clear

technology commercialization guidelines, and (4.) Limited private sector interest in R&D

centres. Other key impediments to technology transfer include the limited (in some cases

dwindling) numbers of multidisciplinary teams, absence of key support services in R&D

institutions and poor understanding of markets for R&D products. In general, a R&D center in

the three countries has fewer scientists with the appropriate level of qualifications, a narrow

funding base, extensive but informal collaborative arrangements, limited critical resources in

terms of skills, platforms/networks and funds for technology commercialization, unclear

institutional guidelines for technology commercialization and limited private sector

participation. Policy makers may wish to encourage R&D centers to put in place adequate

measures to ensure research outputs are successfully transferred to the user. These could

include adopting national technology transfer policies, provision of incentives for successful

transfer of technology to the productive sector and encouraging the participation of key

industry players in the activities of R&D centers.

Keywords: technology transfer; innovation; commercialization; publicly-funded; research

and development

81

D5. Economics analysis for sustainable cassava

production in Ikwo local government area of Ebonyi State,

Nigeria

Okelola, O. E. 1

& Ariyo, O. C. 2

Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu,Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Federal College of Forestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna State

Phone: +234 703 356 5400

E-mail: femijimi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study reveals the economics of cassava production in Ikwo local government area of

Ebonyi state, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) farmers were randomly

selected through a randomized sampling technique from cassava growing area in the study

area. The aim of this study is to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of cassava

farmers, to determine the profitability of cassava farmers and to identify the constraint

encountered by these farmers. The results of this study show that the male farmers constitute a

higher percentage (66.7%) than the female farmers (33.3%). It was also discovered that most

of the respondents are married (58.3%), having a household size ranging from 12-17 persons.

The following socioeconomic variables that influence output using double log as the lead

equation were significant at different levels of probability (1% and 5%), gender (5%), marital

status (1%), educational level (1%) and labour (1%). The gross margin for cassava production

is #144,000.00, while the net farm income is #77,500.00, which shows that cassava

production is profitable and sustainable in the study area.

Keywords: economics; cassava; farmers; profitability