list of gardening tools

7/30/2019 list of gardening tools

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Ard (plough)

The ard (or scratchplough) is a rudimentaryploughthat is light, without a mouldboard,

symmetrical on either side of its line of draft, and fitted with a symmetrical share that traces a

shallow furrow but does not invert the soil (as opposed to aturnplough).

Use

Rather than cutting and turning the soil to produce ridged furrows, the ard breaks up a narrow

strip of soil and cuts a shallow furrow (or drill), leaving intervening strips undisturbed. The ard is

not suited for clearing new land, so grass and undergrowth are usually removed with hoes or

mattocks. Cross-ploughing is often necessary to break the soil up better, where the soil is tilled

twice at right angles to the original direction (lengthwise and across). This usually results in

square or diamond-shaped fields and is effective at clearing annual weeds. The ard's shallow

furrows are ideal for most cereals, and if the seed is sown broadcast, the ard can be used to cover

the seed in rows. In fact, the ard may have been invented in the Near East to cover seed ratherthan till. That would explain why in Mesopotamia seed drills were used together with ards. The

ard is most useful on light soils such as loams or sands, or in mountain fields where the soil is

thin, and can be safely used in areas where deep ploughing would turn up hardpan or would

cause salination or erosion.

Ards may be drawn by oxen, water buffalo, donkeys, camels, or other animals.
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Berry-picking rake

A berry-picking rake or berry picker is a tool for collecting berries. Berry-picking rakes can

be used to collectlingonberries,bilberries,currants, and other berries. The rake may damage

softer berries, and introduces some detritus, requiring cleaning of the berries afterwards. It may

also damage or uproot the plants, reducing next year's yields. However, despite these drawbacks,a rake has much greater efficiency than picking by hand, and is thus used in all commercial berry

picking.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingonberryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingonberryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingonberryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilberryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilberryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilberryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilberryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingonberry


3/16

Billhook

The billhook (also bill hookalthough this more usually refers to either a metal or plastic hook

used to hold bills, common in the US, or a part of the knotting mechanism on a reaper binder) is

a traditional cutting tool known and used throughout the world, and very common in the wine-

growing countries of Europe, used widely in agriculture and forestry (in other parts of the worldwhere it is used, it was both developed locally, e.g. China, India and Japan or introduced by

European settlers, e.g. the North and South Americas, South Africa and Australasia). It is used

for cutting smaller woody material such as shrubs and branches.

Design

The blade is usually made from a medium-carbon steel in varying weights and lengths, but

typically 20 to 25 centimetres (7.9 to 9.8 in) long. Blades are straight near the handle but have an

increasingly strong curve towards the end. The blade is generally sharpened only on the inside of

the curve, but double-edged billhooks, or "broom hooks", also have a straight secondary edge onthe back.

The blade is fixed to a wooden handle, in Europe usually made from ash due to its strength and

ability to deal with repeated impact. Handles are mostly 12 to 15 centimetres (4.7 to 5.9 in) long

and may be caulked or round. Longer handles may sometimes be used for heavier patterns,

making the tool double-handed. The blade and handle are usually linked by a tang passing

through the handle, but sometimes a socket that encloses the blade. Some styles of billhook may

have scales[1] of hardwood or horn fitted to the handle.


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Broad Fork

Infarmingandgardening, the broadfork, or U-fork is atoolused to manually break up densely

packed soil, likehardpan, to improveaerationanddrainage.[1]

It consists of five or sometaltines, approximately eight inches long, spaced a few inches apart

on a horizontal bar, with two handles extending upwards tochestorshoulderlevel, forming alarge U-shape.

The operator steps up on the crossbar, using full bodyweight to drive the tines into the ground,

then steps backward while pulling backwards on the handles, causing the tines to lever upwards

through the soil. This action leaves the soil layers intact, rather than inverting or mixing them,

preserving the topsoil structure.
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Brush hook

A brush hook (also called a bush hook, ditch blade, ditch bank blade, or ditch blade axe) is a

gardening instrument resembling an axe with a 12-inch (30 cm) curved blade and a 36-inch (91

cm) handle. It is commonly used by surveying crews and firefighters to clear out heavy

undergrowth from trails.

Brush Hook (Bush Hook/Ditch Blade/Ditch Blade Axe): For removal of brush too heavy for a

weed cutter and too light for an axe, consider either the double- or single-edged brush hook.

Swung like an axe, the brush hook's long 36 inch handle and heavy head give it a powerful cut.

Their curved blades also pose extra safety hazards. Always maintain a firm grip with both hands

on the handle. Cut with a slicing rather than a hacking motion and pull back on the handle at the

end of the swing to utilize the 12 inch curved blade. Carry brush hooks with the head forward

like a shovel.


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Weed Cutters

Weed Cutters (Grass Whip/Swizzle Stick/Swing Blade/Weed Whip): Weed cutters are used to

clear trail corridors of succulent vegetation (grass, light brush, briars, and tree seedlings). It is

meant to be swung back and forth with both hands. There are two varieties: the L-shaped weed

whip cuts grass and weeds but is unstable for use on larger growth, the triangular-frame weedwhip cuts briars and woody stems up to a half-inch in diameter. Screws holding the serrated

double-edged blade in place can work loose, so check them often.

Safety tip: Avoid the golf swing. Swing tool no higher than your side.


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Dibber

A dibber or dibble is a pointed wooden stick for making holes in the ground so that seeds,

seedlings or small bulbs can be planted. Dibbers come in a variety of designs including the

straight dibber, T-handled dibber, trowel dibber, and L-shaped dibber.

Straight dibber

This is the classic dibber. It is anything from a sharpened stick to a more complicated model

incorporating a curved handle and pointed steel end. It may be made of wood, steel or plastic.

T-handled dibber

This dibber is much like the classic dibber, but with a T-grip that fits in the palm to make it

easier to apply torque. This allows the user to exert even pressure creating consistent hole depth.

The ideal T-handled dibber is fashioned from the remains of an old fork or spade handle,

retaining the T, and with the shaft whittled to a point.


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Edger

An edger (also known as a lawn edger or stick edger) is a garden tool used to cleanly separate a

lawn from a walkway or other paved surface, such as a concrete sidewalk or asphalt path. Edgers

may be manual or automated, typically employing a small two-stroke gasoline motor or an

electric motor. An edger enables a user to create a clear separation between the lawn and thewalkway. It helps to impart a finished appearance that is neater than can be achieved by merely

mowing over the border of the lawn and walkway (which frequently permits tufts of low-

growing grass to hang over onto the walkway, resulting in an irregular or ragged appearance).

In operation, a manual edger usually includes a broad hemispherical blade attached to an

elongated handle, which the operator uses to drive the blade into the turf directly alongside the

hard surface. In addition, the blade may have a flat top to allow the operator to step on the blade,

driving it deep into the lawn and turf in order to clear a space between the lawn and the hard

surface. In contrast, powered edgers may operate on any of a variety of methods, such as rotating

wheel blades or thrashing wheels, which also operate to define a clear separation between a lawnand a hard surface.


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Flail

A flail is an agricultural tool used for threshing to separate grains from their husks.

It is usually made from two or more large sticks attached by a short chain; one stick is held and

swung, causing the other to strike a pile of grain, loosening the husks. The precise dimensionsand shape of flails were determined by generations of farmers to suit the particular grain they

were harvesting. For example, flails used by farmers in Quebec to process wheat were generally

made from two pieces of wood, the handle being about 1.5 m (4.9 ft) long by 3 cm (1.2 in) in

diameter, and the second stick being about1 m (3.3 ft) long by about 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter,

with a slight taper towards the end. Flails for other grains, such as rice or spelt, would have had

different dimensions.


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Foot plough

The foot plough is a type of plough used like a spade with the foot in order to cultivate the

ground.


11/16

Garden fork

A garden fork, spading fork, digging fork or graip is a gardening implement, with a handle and

several (usually four) short, sturdy tines. It is used for loosening, lifting and turning over soil in

gardening and farming. It is used similarly to a spade, but in many circumstances it is more

appropriate than a spade: the tines allow the implement to be pushed more easily into the ground,it can rake out stones and weeds and break up clods, it is not so easily stopped by stones, and it

does not cut through weed roots or root-crops. Garden forks were originally made of wood, but

the majority are now made of carbon steel or stainless steel.

Garden forks are slightly different from pitchforks, which are used for moving loose materials

such as piled hay, compost, or manure. Garden forks have comparatively a fairly short, usually

wooden handle, with a "D" or "T" end. Their tines are usually shorter, flatter, thicker, and more

closely spaced.


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Hoe

A hoe is an ancient and versatile agricultural tool used to move small amounts of soil. Common

goals include weed control by agitating the surface of the soil around plants, piling soil around

the base of plants (hilling), creating narrow furrows (drills) and shallow trenches for planting

seeds and bulbs, to chop weeds, roots and crop residues, and even to dig or move soil, such aswhen harvesting root crops like potatoes.

Types

There are many types of blades of quite different appearances and purposes. Some can perform

multiple functions. Others are intended for a specific use. For example, the collinear hoe has a

narrow, razor-sharp blade which is used to slice weeds by skimming it just above the surface of

the soil with a sweeping motion; it is unsuitable for tasks like soil moving and chopping). The

typical farming and gardening hoe with a heavy, broad delta-shaped blade and a flat edge is the

Dego hoe.

The Dutch hoe (scuffle, action, oscillating, swivel, or Hula-Ho) is a design that is pushed or

pulled through the soil to cut weeds just under the surface. Its tool-head is a loop of flat,

sharpened strap metal. It is not as efficient as a chopping hoe for pulling or pushing soil.

Stirrup hoes are designed with a double edge blade that bends around to form a stirrup like

rectangle attached to the handle. Weeds are cut just below the soil surface as the blade is pushed

& pulled through the area. The back and forth motion is highly effective with cutting weeds in

loose or breakable soil. Widths of the stirrup blade typically range between three to seven inches.


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Spade

A spade is a tool designed primarily for the purpose of digging or removing earth and spreading

the soil.[1] Early spades were made of riven wood. After the art of metalworking was

discovered, spades were made with sharper tips of metal. Before the advent of metal spades

manual labor was less efficient at moving earth, with picks being required to break up the soil inaddition to a spade for moving the dirt. With a metal tip, a spade can both break and move the

earth in most situations, increasing efficiency.

Designs of spades

Spades are made in many shapes and sizes, for a variety of different functions and jobs. There

are many different designs used in spade manufacturing. The term shovel is sometimes used

interchangeably with spade, but shovels generally are broad-bottomed and better suited for

moving loose materials, whereas spades tend to be pointed for use as a digging tool.

The most common spade is a garden spade, which typically has a long handle, is wide, and is

treaded (has rests for the feet to drive the spade into the ground). An Irish spade is similar to a

common garden spade, with the same general design, although it has a much thinner head. A

sharpshooter is a narrow spade. A turfing iron has a short, round head, and is used for cutting and

paring off turf. A digging fork, or grape, is forked much like a pitchfork, and is useful for

loosening ground and gardening. There also can be toy spades for kids.


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Pitchfork

A pitchfork is an agricultural tool with a long handle and long, thin, widely separated pointed

tines (also called prongs) used to lift and pitch (throw) loose material, such as hay, leaves,

grapes, dung or other agricultural materials. Pitchforks typically have three or four tines. Other

similar types of fork may have up to ten tines with different lengths and spacing depending onpurpose. They are usually made of steel with a long wooden handle, but may also be made from

wood, wrought iron, bamboo, alloy etc. In some parts of England a pitchfork is known as a

prong[1] and, in parts of Ireland, a sprong refers to a 4 pronged pitchfork.[2] The pitchfork is

similar to the shorter and sturdier garden fork.

The pitchfork and scythes has frequently been used as a weapon by those who couldn't afford or

didn't have access to more expensive weapons such as swords, or, later, guns.[3] As a result,

pitchforks and scythes are stereotypically carried by angry mobs or gangs of enraged peasants.

In Europe, the pitchfork was first used in the early Middle Ages, at about the same time as theharrow. The pitchfork was originally made entirely of wood; today, the tines are usually made of

hard metal.


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Rake

A rake (Old English raca, cognate with Dutch raak, German Rechen, from a root meaning "to

scrape together," "heap up") is a broom for outside use; a horticultural implement consisting of a

toothed bar fixed transversely to a handle, and used to collect leaves, hay, grass, etc., and, in

gardening, for loosening the soil, light weeding and levelling, removing dead grass from lawns,and generally for purposes performed in agriculture by the harrow.

Large "mechanized" versions of rakes are used in farming. They are usually called hay rakes, and

are built in many different forms (star-wheel rakes, rotary rakes etc.) Where farming is not

mechanized various forms of hand rake are used.

Types of rakes

Modern hand-rakes usually have steel, plastic, or bamboo teeth or tines, though historically they

have been made with wood or iron. The handle is often made of wood or metal. Some rakes are

two-sided and made with dull blades in the shapes of slight crescents, used for removing dead

grass (thatch) from lawns. When rakes have longer teeth, they may be arranged in the shape of

an old-style folding fan.


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GARDENING

TOOLS

Submitted by:

Wiljohn Ford Sumakay

Submitted to:

Mrs. Evangeline Dapuyen

list of gardening tools

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