list of books
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good books for econmicsTRANSCRIPT
I. SOME MATHEMATICAL TOOLS FOR GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM THEORY
A. A Few Useful General References
1. Microeconomics Background
-E. Silberberg (1990). The Structure of Economics. New York: McGraw Hill.
-H. Varian (1992). Microeconomic Analysis. New York: Norton.
-A. Mas-Colell, M. Whinston, and J. Green (1995). Microeconomic Theory. New York: OxfordUniversity Press.
2. General Overviews of Mathematics for Economists
-E.R. Weintraub (1982). Mathematics for Economists. Cambridge: CUP.
-A.C. Chiang (1984). Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics. New York: McGrawHill.
-K. Lancaster (1968). Mathematical Economics. New York: Dover.
-W. Novshek (1993). Mathematics for Economists. San Diego: Academic Press.
-C. Simon and L. Blume (1994). Mathematics for Economists. New York: Norton.
-A. Takayama (1985). Mathematical Economics. Cambridge: CUP.
-J. Moore (1999). Mathematical Methods for Economic Theory. (2 Vols.). Berlin: Springer.
-P. Berck and K. Sydsæter (1991). Economists' Mathematical Manual. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
B. Matrices, Linear Algebra and Linear Programming
1. Linear Algebra
-T. Banchoff and J. Wermer (1983). Linear Algebra through Geometry. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
-A. Ostraszewski (1990). "Linear Algebra". Part I of Advanced Mathematical Methods.Cambridge: CUP.
-I.M. Gel’fand (1961). Lectures on Linear Algebra. New York: Interscience Publishers.
-J.T. Scheick (1997). Linear Algebra with Applications. New York: McGraw-Hill.
-P. Halmos (1987). Finite-Dimensional Vector-Spaces. New York: Springer-Verlag.
-E. Klein (1973). "Vector Spaces and Vector-Space Homomorphisms". of Part II of MathematicalMethods in Theoretical Economics. New York: Academic Press.
-M. Kemp and Y. Kimura (1978). Introduction to Mathematical Economics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
2. Matrix Theory
-F. Gantmacher (1959). Matrix Theory. (2 vols.) New York: Chelsea Publishing Co.
-R. Bellman (1970). Introduction to Matrix Analysis. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
-A. Berman and R. Plemmons (1979). Nonnegative Matrices in the Mathematical Sciences. SanDiego: Academic Press.
-R. Bapat and T. Raghavan (1997). Nonnegative Matrices and Applications. Cambridge: CUP.
3. Linear Programming
-R. Dorfman, P. Samuelson and R. Solow (1958). Linear Programming and Economic Analysis.New York: McGraw Hill.
-S. Karlin (1959). Mathematical Methods and Theory in Games, Programming, and Economics.Reading: Addison-Wesley.
-D. Gale (1960). The Theory of Linear Economic Models. New York: McGraw Hill.
C. Basic Topology and Fixed Point Theory
-H. Nikaido (1970). Introduction to Sets and Mappings in Modern Economics. Amsterdam:North-Holland.
-E. Klein (1973). "Point Set Topology". Part I of Mathematical Methods in TheoreticalEconomics. New York: Academic Press.
-J. Munkres (1975). Topology: A First Course. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
-J. Dugundji (1966). Topology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
-K. Binmore (1981). Topological Ideas. [Book 2 of Foundations of Analysis: A StraightforwardIntroduction]. Cambridge: CUP.
-Y. Shashkin (1991). Fixed Points. Washington, DC: American Mathematical Society.
-D.R. Smart (1974). Fixed Point Theorems. Cambridge: CUP.
-K. Border (1985). Fixed Point Theorems with Applications to Economics and Game Theory.Cambridge: CUP.
-J. Dugundji and A. Granas (1982). Fixed Point Theory. Warszawa : PWN-Polish ScientificPublishers.
D. Calculus/Analysis
1. Calculus
-R.G.D. Allen (1938). Mathematical Analysis for Economists. New York: St. Martins.
-K. Binmore (1983). Calculus. Cambridge: CUP.
-A. Ostrazewski (1990). "Advanced Calculus". Part II of Advanced Mathematical Methods.Cambridge: CUP.
-T. Apostol (1967/9). Calculus. 2nd Ed. V.I (1967), V.II. (1969). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
2. Real Analysis
-K. Binmore (1980). Mathematical Analysis: A Straightforward Approach. Cambridge: CUP.
-W. Rudin (1953/76). Principles of Economic Analysis. (3rd Ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
-T. Apostol (1974). Mathematical Analysis. (2nd Ed.). Menlo Park: Addison Wesley.
-H. Royden (1988). Real Analysis. (3rd Ed.). New York: Macmillan.
-C. Aliprantis and K. Border (1994). Infinite Dimensional Analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
3. Convex Analysis
-C. Berge (1963). Topological Spaces. Mineola: Dover.
-R.T. Rockafellar (1970). Convex Analysis. Princeton: PUP.
-H. Nikaido (1968). Convex Structures and Economic Theory. New York: Academic Press.
E. Optimization Theory and Nonlinear Programming
-A. Dixit (1991). Optimization in Economic Theory. Oxford: OUP.
-R. Sundaram (1996). A First Course in Optimization Theory. New York: Cambridge UniversityPress.
-H. Kuhn and A. Tucker (1951). "Nonlinear Programming". in J. Neyman ed. Proceedings ofthe Second Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability. Berkeley:University of California Press, pp. 481-492.
-H. Uzawa (1958). "The Kuhn-Tucker Theorem in Concave Programming". in K. Arrow, et al.,eds. Studies in Linear and Non-Linear Programming. Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp.32-37.
-O.L. Mangasarian (1969). Nonlinear Programming. New York: McGraw Hill.
-D. Luenberger (1969). Optimization by Vector Space Methods. New York: Wiley.
F. Duality Theory
-M.N. Darough and C. Southey (1977). "Duality in Consumer Theory Made Simple: TheRevealing of Roy's Identity". CJE; V.10-#2, pp. 307-317.
-J. Weymark (1980). "Duality Results in Demand Theory". EER; V.14-#?, pp. 377-395.
-E. Greenberg and A. Denzau (1988). "Profit and Expenditure Functions in Public Finance: AnExpository Note". EcInq; V.26-#1, pp. 145-158.
-H. Uzawa (1964). "Duality Principles in the Theory of Cost and Production". IER; V.5-#?, pp.216-220.
-A.D. Woodland (1982). "Producer and Consumer Theory: A Duality Approach". Chapter 2 ofInternational Trade and Resource Allocation. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 15-38.
-P. Samuelson (1983). "Duality and Dynamic Programming". Appendix C-3 in Foundations ofEconomic Analysis [enlarged edition]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 453-495.
-W. Diewert (1982). "Duality Approaches to Microeconomic Theory". in K. Arrow and M.Intriligator, eds. Handbook of Mathematical Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, V.2, pp.535-599.
-R. Cornes (1992). Duality and Modern Economics. Cambridge: CUP.
-C. Blackorby, D. Primont and R. Russell (1978). Duality, Separability and FunctionalStructure: Theory and Economic Applications. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
G. Optimal Control Theory and Dynamic Programming
-D. Léonard (1992). Optimal Control Theory and Static Optimization in Economics. Cambridge:CUP.
-M. Kamien and N. Schwartz (1981). Dynamic Optimization: The Calculus of Variations andOptimal Control in Economics and Management. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-A. Seierstad and K. Sydsæter (1987). Optimal Control Theory with Economic Applications.Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-M. Harris (1987). Dynamic Economic Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
-P. Whittle (1982). Optimization over Time: Dynamic Programming and Stochastic Control.Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
-N. Stokey and R. Lucas, with E. Prescott (1989). Recursive Methods in Economic Dynamics.Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
II. CLASSICAL MODELS OF GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM AND TRADE
A. Structure of Classical Models
1. Surveys/Overviews
-V. Walsh and H. Gram (1980). Classical and Neoclassical Theories of General Equilibrium:Historical Origins and Mathematical Structure. Oxford: OUP.
-L. Pasinetti (1977). Lectures on the Theory of Production. New York: Columbia UniversityPress.
2. Adam Smith and the Canonical Classical Model
-A. Smith (1776). An Inquiry into the Nautre and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. New York:Modern Library.
-S. Hollander (1973). The Economics of Adam Smith. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
-P. Samuelson (1977). "A Modern Theorist's Vindication of Adam Smith". AER; V.67-#1, pp.42-49.
-P. Samuelson (1978). "The Canonical Classical Model of Political Economy". JEL; 16-#4, pp.1415-1434.
-E. Sieper (1983). "Smith, Ricardo and the Bounty on Corn". ms.: Australian NationalUniversity.
3. Ricardian Models
a. Ricardian Models of General Equilibrium
-D. Ricardo (1821). The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. Cambridge: CUP.
-F. Knight (1935). "The Ricardian Theory of Production and Distribution". CJEPS; V.1-#?, pp.3-25 and 171-196.
-G. Stigler (1952). "The Ricardian Theory of Value and Distribution". JPE; V.60-#?, pp. 187-207.
-P. Samuelson (1959). "A Modern Treatment of the Ricardian Economy: I. The Pricing of Goodsand of Labor and Land Services". QJE; V.73-#1, pp. 1-35.
-P. Samuelson (1959). "A Modern Treatment of the Ricardian Economy: II. Capital and InterestAspects of the Pricing Process". QJE; V.73-#?, pp. 217-231.
-L. Pasinetti (1960). "A Mathematical Formulation of the Ricardian System". REStud; V.27-#?,pp. 78-98.
-R. Findlay (1974). "Relative Prices, Growth and Trade in a Simple Ricardian System". Eca;V.41-#?, pp. 1-13.
-A. Burgstaller (1986). “Unifying Ricardo’s Theories of Growth and Compaative Advantage”.Eca; V.53-#4, pp. 467-481.
-A. Burgstaller (1989). “A Classical Model of Growth, Expectations and General Equilibrium”.Eca; V.56-#?, pp. 373-393.
-J. Hicks and S. Hollander (1977). "Mr. Ricardo and the Moderns". QJE; V.?-#?, pp. 351-369.
-S. Hollander (1979). The Economics of David Ricardo. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
-C. Casarosa (1978). "A New Formulation of the Ricardian System". OEP; V.?-#?, pp. 38-63.(Comment by Hicks (1979) pp. 133-134)
-G. Caravale and D. Tosato (1980). Ricardo and The Theory of Value, Distribution and Growth.London: RKP.
-G. Caravale, ed. (1985). The Legacy of Ricardo. Oxford: Blackwell.
-M. Morishima (1989). Ricardo's Economics: A General Equilibrium Theory of Distribution andGrowth. Cambridge: CUP.
b. Activity Analysis and the Ricardo-Leontief-Samuelson Model
-T. Koopmans (1951). "Analysis of Production as an Efficient Combination of Activities". in T.Koopmans, ed. Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation. New York: Wiley, pp. 33-97.
-N. Georgescu-Roegen (1951). "Some Properties of a Generalized Leontief Model". in T.Koopmans, ed. Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation. New York: Wiley, pp. 165-173.
-N. Georgescu-Roegen (1950). "Leontief's System in the Light of Recent Results". REStat; V.32-#?, pp. 214-222.
-L. Metzler (1951). "Taxes and Subsidies in Leontief's Input-Output Model". QJE; V.65-#?, pp.433-438.
-R. Dorfman, P. Samuelson and R. Solow (1958). "The Statical Leontief System". Chapters 9 and10 in Linear Programming and Economic Analysis. New York: McGraw Hill, pp. 204-264.
-J. Melvin (1970). "The Production Set When Labor is Indispensable". IER; V.11-#2, pp. 305-314. (Comment by Georgescu-Roegen follows, pp. 315-317.
-K. Suzumura (1973). "Boundedness of the Closed Economy with Samuelson-LeontiefTechnology". Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics; V.13-#2, pp. 43-46.
-K. Arrow and D. Starrett (1973). "Cost-theoretical and Demand-theoretical Approaches to theTheory of Price Determination". in J. Hicks and W. Weber, eds. Carl Menger and the AustrianSchool of Economics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 129-148.
c. Nonsubstitution Theorems
-P. Samuelson (1951). "Abstract of a Theorem Concerning Substitutability in Open LeontiefModels". in T. Koopmans, ed. Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation. New York: Wiley,pp. 142-146.
-T. Koopmans (1951). "Alternative Proof of the Substitution Theorem for Leontief Models in thethe Case of Three Industries". in T. Koopmans, ed. Activity Analysis of Production andAllocation. New York: Wiley, pp. 147-154.
-K. Arrow (1951). "Alternative Proof of the Substitution Theorem for Leontief Models in theGeneral Case". in T. Koopmans, ed. Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation. New York:Wiley, pp. 155-164.
-P. Samuelson (1961). "A New Theorem on Nonsubstitution". in H. Hegeland, ed. Money,Growth and Methodology. Lind: C.W.K. Gleerup, pp. 407-453.
-E. Burmeister and E. Sheshinski (1969). "A Nonsubstitution Theorem in a Model with FixedCapital". SEJ;
-J. Mirlees (1969). "The Dynamic Nonsubstitution Theorem". REStud; V.36-#1, pp. 67-76.
-J. Stiglitz (1970). "Non-substitution Theorems with Durable Capital Goods". REStud; V.27-#?,pp. 543-553.
-L. Johansen (1972). "Simple and General Nonsubstitution Theorems for Input-Output Models".JET; V.5-#?, pp. 383-394.
-P. Chander (1974). "A Simple Proof of the Nonsubstitution Theorem". QJE; V.88-#?, pp. 698-701.
-J. Melvin (1969). "Intermediate Goods in Production Theory: The Differentiable Case". REStud;V.36-#1, pp. 124-131.
-J. Melvin (1974). "Samuelson's Substitution Theorem with Cobb-Douglas ProductionFunctions". Australian Economic Papers; V.13-#?, pp. 43-51.
-Y. Otani (1973). "Neo-Classical Technology Sets and Properties of Production Possibility Sets".Etrica; V.41-#4, pp. 667-682.
-R. Manning (1981). "A Nonsubstitution Theorem with Many Primary Factors". JET; V.25-#?,pp. 442-449.
-R. Manning (1982). "Nonsubstitution Over the Production-Possibility Frontier". in M. Kemp,ed. Production Sets. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 51-67.
-R. Manning, J. Markusen and J. Melvin (1993). "Dynamic Nonsubstitution and Long-runProduction Possibilities". in H. Herberg and N.V. Long, eds., Trade, Welfare and EconomicPolicies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 51-66.
4. Marxian Models
a. The Structure of Marxian Economic Models
-D. Foley (1986). Understanding Capital: Marx's Economic Theory. Cambridge: CUP.
-P. Samuelson (1957). "Wages and Interest: A Modern Dissection of Marxian EconomicModels". AER; V.47-#5, pp. 884-912.
-M. Morishima (1973). Marx's Economics: A Dual Theory of Value and Growth. Cambridge:CUP.
-M. Morishima (1974). "Marx in the Light of Modern Economic Theory". Etrica; V.42-#?, pp.611-632.
-P. Samuelson (1974). "Marx as Mathematical Economist: Steady-State and Exponential GrowthEquilibrium". in G. Horwich and P. Samuelson, eds. Trade, Stability and Macroeconomics. NewYork: Academic Press, pp. 269-307.
-I. Steedman (1977). Marx after Sraffa. London: New Left Books.
-P. Samuelson (1983). "Leontief-Sraffa-Marx Input-Output Systems". Appendix C-9 inFoundations of Economic Analysis (enlarged edition). Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp.561-584.
-J. Roemer (1981). Analytical Foundations of Marxian Economic Theory. Cambridge: CUP.
b. The Transformation Problem and Exploitation
-P. Samuelson (1971). "Understanding the Marxian Notion of Exploitation: A Summary of theSo-Called Transformation Problem between Marxian Prices and Competitive Prices". JEL; V.9-#2, pp. 399-431.
-M. Morishima and G. Catephores (1978). Value, Exploitation and Growth. New York: McGrawHill.
-A. Lipietz (1982). "The `So-Called Transformation Problem` Revisited". JET; V.26-#?, pp. 59-88.
-D. Foley (1982). "The Value of Money, The Value of Labor Power, and the MarxianTransformation Problem". Review of Radical Political Economy; V.14-#2, pp. 37-47.
-J. Roemer (1982). A General Theory of Exploitation and Class. Cambridge: Harvard UniversityPress.
c. Falling Rate of Profit and Economic Crisis
-N. Okishio (1961). "Technical Changes and the Rate of Profit". Kobe University EconomicReview; V.7-#?, pp. 85-99.
-N. Okishio (1963). "A Mathematical Note on Marxian Theorems". WA; V.91-#2, pp. 287-299.
-N. Okishio (1977). "Notes on Technical Progress and Capitalist Society". Cambridge Journal ofEconomics; V.?-#?, pp. 93-100.
-J. Roemer (1977). "Technical Change and the ‘Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall’". JET;V.16-#2, pp. 403-424.
-J. Roemer (1978). "The Effect of Technological Change on the Real Wage and Marx's FallingRate of Profit". Australian Economic Papers; V.?-#?, pp. 152-166.
-J. Roemer (1979). "Continuing Controversey on the Falling Rate of Profit: Fixed Capital andOther Issues". Cambridge Journal of Economics; V.3-#?, pp. 379-398.
-S. Bowles (1981). "Technical Change and the Profit Rate: A Simple Proof of the OkishioTheorem". Cambridge Journal of Economics; V.5-#1, pp. 183-186.
-W. Nordhaus (1974). "The Falling Share of Profits". BPEA; #1, pp. 169-208.
-M. Feldstein and L. Summers (1977). "Is the Rate of Profit Falling?". BPEA; #1, pp. 211-227.
-T. Weisskopf (1979). "Marxian Crisis Theory and the Rate of Profit in the Postwar USEconomy". Cambridge Journal of Economics; V.3-#4, pp. 341-378. (Comment by F. Munley(1981), V.5-#2, pp. 159-173 and Response, pp. 175-182).
-E. Wolff (1979). "The Rate of Surplus Value, the Organic Composition, and the General Rate ofProfit in the US Economy, 1947-1967". AER; V.69-#3, pp. 329-341.
5. Neo-Ricardian Models
a. Neo-Ricardian General Equilibrium
-L. Mainwaring (1984). Value and Distribution in Capitalist Economies: An Introduction toSraffian Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-P. Sraffa (1960). Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.
-G. Harcourt (1972). "Mr. Sraffa's Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities".Appendix to Chapter 4 in Some Cambridge Controversies in the Theory of Capital. Cambridge:CUP, pp. 177-204.
-P. Garegnani (1970). "Heterogeneous Capital, The Production Function and the Theory ofDistribution". REStud; V.37-#3, pp. 407-436.
-L. Pasinetti (1974). Growth and Income Distribution. Cambridge: Cambrige University Press.
-L. Pasinetti (1981). Structural Change and Economic Growth. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.
-W. Darity (1981). "The Simple Analytics of Neo-Ricardian Growth and Distribution". AER;V.71-#5, pp. 978-993.
-J. Blatt (1984). Dynamic Economic Systems: A Post-Keynesian Approach. Armonk: M.E.Sharpe.
-M. Blaug (1975). The Cambridge Revolution: Success or Failure? London: Institute ofEconomic Affairs.
-A. Dixit (1977). "The Accumulation of Capital Theory". OEP; V.29-#1, pp. 1-29.
b. Reswitching
-D. Levhari (1965). "A Nonsubstitution Theorem and Switching of Techniques". QJE; V.79-#?,pp. 98-105.
-L. Pasinetti (1966). "Changes in the Rate of Profit and Switches of Technique". QJE; V.80-#?,pp. 503-517.
-D. Levhari and P. Samuelson (1966). "The Nonswitching Theorem is False". QJE; V.80-#?, pp.518-519.
-M. Morishima (1966). "Refutation of the Nonswitching Theorem". QJE; V.80-#?, pp. 520-525.
-M. Bruno, E. Burmeister and E. Sheshinski (1966). "The Nature and Implications of theReswitching of Techniques". QJE; V.80-#?, pp. 526-553.
-P. Garegnani (1966). "Switching of Techniques". QJE; V.80-#?, pp. 555-567.
-P. Samuelson (1966). "A Summing Up". QJE; V.80-#?, pp. 568-583.
-K. Bharadwaj (1970). "On the Maximum Number of Switches between Two ProductionSystems". Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik; V.?-#?, pp. 409-429.
-G. Harcourt (1972). "A Child's Guide to the Double-Switching Debate". Chapter 4 of Some
Cambridge Controversies in the Theory of Capital. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 118-176.
-J. Metcalfe and I. Steedman (1972). "Reswitching and Primary Input Use". EJ; V.82-#?, pp.140-157.
B. Classical Models of International Trade
1. Overviews
-J. Chipman (1965). "A Survey of the Theory of International Trade: Part 1, The ClassicalTheory".Etrica; V.33-#3, pp. 477-519.
-M. Chacholiades (1973). "The Classical Theory". Part II of The Pure Theory of InternationalTrade. Chicago: Aldine.
-G. Gandolfo (1987). "The Classical (Ricardo-Torrens) Theory of Comparative Costs". Chapter 2of International Economics, I: The Pure Theory of International Trade. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,pp. 7-32.
-A. Takayama (1971). "The Classical Theory of Comparative Advantage and Its ModernDevelopments". Part II of International Trade: An Approach to the Theory. New York: Holt,Rinehart and Winston.
2. The Basic Ricardian Analysis of International Trade
-D. Ricardo (1821). "On Foreign Trade". Chapter 7 of The Principles of Political Economy andTaxation. Cambridge: CUP.
-J.S. Mill (1917). "International Values". Book III, Chapter xviii, Principles of PoliticalEconomy. London: Longmans.
-E.S. Mason (1926). "The Doctrine of Comparative Costs". QJE; V.41-#?, pp. 63-93.
-J. Bhagwati (1967). "The Proofs of the Theorems on Comparative Advantage". EJ; V.77-#?, pp.75-83.
-J. Melvin (1969). "Mill's Law of International Value". SEJ; V.36-#?, pp.
-M. Harwitz (1972). "A Note on Professor Chipman's Version of Mill's Law of InternationalValue". JIE; V.2-#?, pp. 181-188.
-A. Ray (1977). "Gains from Trade and the Size of a Country". JIE; V.7-#?, pp. 67-71.
-W. Ethier and A. Ray (1979). "Gains from Trade and the Size of a Country, II". JIE; V.9-#?, pp.127-129.
-J.M. Hartwick (1979). "Distribution of World Income in the Ricardo-Mill Model of InternationalTrade". JIE; V.9-#?, pp. 117-126.
-R. Jones (1979). "Technical Progress and Real Incomes in a Ricardian Trade Model". Chapter17 of International Trade: Essays in Theory. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-R. Jones (1980). "Demand Behavior and the Theory of International Trade". in J. Chipman and
C. Kindleberger, eds. Flexible Exchange Rates and the Balance of Payments. Amsterdam:North-Holland, pp. 321-340.
-H. Myint (1977). “Adam Smith’s Theory of International Trade in the Perspective of EconomicDevelopment”. Eca; V.44-#?, pp. 231-248.
-T. Negishi (1982). "The Labor Theory Value in the Ricardian Theory of International Trade".History of Political Economy; V.14-#?, pp. 199-10.
-A. Maneschi (1983). “Dynamic Aspects of Ricardo’s International Trade Theory”. OEP; V.35-#?, pp. 67-80.
-A. Deardorff (1980). "The General Validity of the Law of Comparative Advantage". JPE; V.88-#?, pp. 941-957.
-R. Jones (1980). "Comparative and Absolute Advantage". Schweiz. Zeitschrift fürVolkswirtschaft und Statistik; V.116-#3, pp. 235-259.
-S. Rosen (1978). "Substitution and the Division of Labor". Eca; V.45-#?, pp. 389-402.
-G. MacDonald and J. Markusen (1985). "A Rehabilitation of Absolute Advantage". JPE; V.93-#2, pp. 277-297.
-R. Ruffin (1988). "The Missing Link: The Ricardian Approach to the Factor EndowmentsTheory of Trade". AER; V.78-#4, pp. 759-772.
-R. Ruffin (1990). "The Ricardian Factor Endowment Theory of Trade". IEJ;
-R. Ruffin (1992). "First- and Second-Best Factor Comparative Advantages and InternationalTrade". Eca; V.59-#4, pp. 453-563.
-R. Ruffin (1993). "Job Market Preferences and International Trade". in W. Ethier, E. Helpmanand J.P. Neary, eds. Theory, Policy and Dynamics in International Trade. Cambridge: CUP, pp.75-90.
3. Frank Graham's Theory of International Values
-F. Graham (1923). "The Theory of International Values Reexamined". QJE; V.38-#1, pp. 54-86.
-F. Graham (1932). "The Theory of International Values". QJE; V.46-#4, pp. 581-616.
-F. Graham (1948). The Theory of International Values. Princeton: PUP.
-L. Metzler (1950). "Graham's Theory of International Values". AER; V.40-#3, pp. 301-322.
-G. Elliott (1950). "The Theory of International Values". JPE; V.58-#1, pp. 16-30.
-G. Becker (1952). "A Note on Multi-Country Trade". AER; V.42-#4, pp. 558-568.
-T. Whitin (1953). "Classical Theory, Graham's Theory and Linear Programming inInternational Trade". QJE; V.67-#?, pp. 520-544.
-L. McKenzie (1954). "On Equilibrium in Graham's Model of World Trade and Other
Competitive Systems". Etrica; V.22-#2, pp. 147-161.
4. Activity Analysis and the Ricardo-Graham Model of International Trade
-W. Leontief (1946). "Exports, Imports, Domestic Output and Employment". QJE; V.60-#?, pp.171-193.
-S. Reiter (1953). "Trade Barriers in Activity Analysis". REStud; V.20-#3, pp. 174-180.
-L. McKenzie (1954). "Specialization and Efficiency in World Production". REStud; V.21-#3,pp. 165-180.
-L. McKenzie (1955). "Specialization in Production and the Production Possibility Locus".REStud; V.23-#1, pp. 56-64.
-R. Jones (1961). "Comparative Advantage and the Theory of Tariffs: A Multi-Country, Multi-Commodity Model". REStud; V.28-#3, pp. 161-175.
-A. Amano (1966). "Intermediate Goods and the Theory of Comparative Advantage: A TwoCountry, Three Commodity Case". WA; V.96-#2, pp. 340-345.
-H. Kuhn (1968). "Lectures on Mathematical Economics". in G. Dantzig and A. Veinott, eds.Mathematics of the Decision Sciences (V. II). Providence: American Mathematical Society, pp.49-84 (esp. lectures 3 and 4).
-R. Jones (1985). "Ricardo-Graham World Transformation Surfaces". Osaka City UniversityEconomic Review; #20, pp. 27-33. [Comment by Minabe follows]
-R. McKinnon (1966). "Intermediate Products and Differential Tariffs: A Generalization ofLerner's Symmetry Theorem". QJE; V.80-#4, pp. 584-615.
-J. Melvin (1969). "Intermediate Goods, The Production Possibility Curve, and Gains FromTrade". QJE; V.83-#?, pp. 140-151.
-H. Houthaker (1976). "The Calculation of Bilateral Trade Patterns in a Ricardian Model withIntermediate Products and Barriers to Trade". JIE; V.6-#?, pp. 251-288.
5. The Continuum of Goods Model
-R. Dornbusch, S. Fischer and P. Samuelson (1977). "Comparative Advantage, Trade andPayments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods". AER; V.67-#5, pp. 823-839.
-C. Wilson (1980). "On the General Structure of Ricardian Models with a Continuum of Goods:Applications to Growth, Tariff Theory, and Technical Change". Etrica; V.48-#7, pp. 1675-1702.
-S. Collins (1985). "Technical Progress in a Three-Country Ricardian Model with a Continuumof Goods". JIE; V.19-#?, pp. 171-179.
-M. Itoh and K. Kiyono (1987). "Welfare-Enhancing Export Subsidies". JPE; V.95-#1, pp. 115-137.
-J. Gaisford (1991). "Asymmetric Effects of Endowment Changes on Foreign Investment inSource and Host Countries". CJE; V.24-#4, pp. 940-957.
6. International Trade in Neo-Ricardian Models
a. Overviews
-I. Steedman (1979). Trade Amongst Growing Economies. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress.
-A. Dixit (1981). "The Export of Capital Theory". JIE; V.11-#?, pp. 279-294.
-I. Steedman (1999). “Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities and the OpenEconomy”. Metroeconomica; V.50-#3, pp. 260-276.
b. Factor-Price Equalization with Heterogeneous Capital
-P. Samuelson (1965). "Equalization by Trade of the Interest Rate Along with the Real Wage". inR. Baldwin, et al. eds. Trade, Balance of Payments and Growth. Chicago: Rand McNally, pp.35-52.
-I. Steedman and J. Metcalfe (1973). "The Non-Substitution Theorem and International TradeTheory". Australian Economic Papers; V.12-#?, pp. 267-269.
-L. Mainwaring (1976). "Relative Prices and "Factor Price" Equalization in a HeterogeneousCapital Goods Model". Australian Economic Papers; V.12-#?, pp. 109-118.
-E. Burmeister (1978). "An Interest Rate and Factor Price Equalization Theorem with Non-Traded Commodities". JIE; V.8-#?, pp. 1-9.
-L. Mainwaring (1978). "The Interest Rate Equalization Theorem with Non-Traded Goods". JIE;V.8-#?, pp. 11-19.
-P. Samuelson (1978). "Interest Rate Equalization and Non-Equalization by Trade in Leontief-Sraffa Models". JIE; V.8-#?, pp. 21-27.
c. Theorems on Trade with Heterogeneous Capital
-K. Acheson (1970). "The Aggregation of Heterogeneous Capital Goods and Various TradeTheorems". JPE; V.78-#2, pp. 565-571.
-J. Metcalfe and I. Steedman (1972). "Heterogeneous Capital and the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson Theory of Trade". in J. Parkin and A. Nobay, eds. Essays in Modern Economics.London: Longman, pp. 50-60.
-P. Samuelson (1975). "Trade Pattern Reversals in Time-Phased Ricardian Systems andIntertemporal Efficiency". JIE; V.5-#?, pp. 309-363.
-I. Steedman and J. Metcalfe (1977). "Reswitching, Primary Inputs and the HOS Theory ofTrade". JIE; V.7-#?, pp. 201-208.
-M. Kemp (1973). "Heterogeneous Capital Goods and Long-Run Stolper-Samuelson Theorems".Australian Economic Papers; V.12-#?, pp. 253-260.
-M. Kemp and C. Khang (1974). "A Note on Steady-State Price:Output Relationships". JIE; V.4-#2, pp. 187-197.
-W. Ethier (1979). "The Theorems of International Trade in Time-Phased Economies". JIE; V.9-#?, pp. 225-238. (Comment by Metcalfe and Steedman, and Response. JIE, V.11-#?, pp. 267-277)
d. Gains From Trade
-I. Steedman and J. Metcalfe (1973). "'On Foreign Trade'". Economia Internazionale; reprintedin I. Steedman, ed. Fundamental Issues in Trade Theory. New York: St. Martins, pp. 99-109.
-J. Metcalfe and I. Steedman (1974). "A Note on the Gain From Trade". EcRec; V.50-#?, pp.581-595.
-L. Mainwaring (1974). "A Neo-Ricardian Analysis of International Trade". KYKLOS; V.27-#?,pp. 537-553.
-P. Samuelson (1978). "Free Trade's Intertemporal Pareto-Optimality". JIE; V.8-#?, pp. 147-149.
-M.A.M. Smith (1979). "Intertemporal Gains from Trade". JIE; V.9-#?, pp. 239-248.
-L. Mainwaring (1979). "On the Transition from Autarky to Trade". in I. Steedman, ed.Fundamental Issues in Trade Theory. New York: St. Martins, pp. 131-141.
e. Distribution, Growth and Trade in a Neo-Ricardian World
-I. Steedman (1979). "The von Neumann Analysis and the Small Open Economy". in I.Steedman, ed. Fundamental Issues in Trade Theory. New York: St. Martins, pp. 142-158.
-S. Parinello (1979). "Distribution, Growth and International Trade". in I. Steedman, ed.Fundamental Issues in Trade Theory. New York: St. Martins, pp. 159-187.
-J. Metcalfe and I. Steedman (1979). "Growth and Distribution in an Open Economy". in I.Steedman, ed. Fundamental Issues in Trade Theory. New York: St. Martins, pp. 201-227.
7. International Trade in Marxian and Neo-Marxian Models
-A. Emmanuel (1972). Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade. New York:Monthly Review.
-S. Amin (1974). Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory ofUnderdevelopment. New York: Monthly Review.
-S. Amin (1977). Imperialism and Unequal Development. New York: Monthly Review.
-G. Arrighi (1978). The Geometry of Imperialism. London: New Left Books.
-A. Shaikh (1979). "Foreign Trade and the Law of Value". Science and Society; V.43-#3, pp.281-302; (1980) V.44-#1, pp.
-A. Shaikh (1980). "The Laws of International Exchange". in E. Nell, ed. Growth, Profits andProsperity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 204-235.
-J. Roemer (1983). "Unequal Exchange, Labor Migration, and International Capital Flows: ATheoretical Synthesis". in P. Desai, ed. Marxism, Central Planning, and the Soviet Economy.
Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 34-60.
-D. Schweickart (1991). "The Politics and Morality of Unequal Exchange". Economics andPhilosophy; V.7-#1, pp.
-D. Evans (1975). "Unequal Exchange and Economic Policies: Some Implications of the Neo-Ricardian Critique of the Theory of Comparative Advantage". in I. Livingstone, ed.Development Economics and Policy: Readings. London: Allen and Unwin.
-P. Samuelson (1976). "The Illogic of the Neo-Marxian Doctrine of Unequal Exchange". in D.Belsley, et al., eds. Inflation, Trade and Taxes. Columbus: Ohio University Press.
-A. DeJanvry and F. Kramer (1979). "The Limits of Unequal Exchange". Review of RadicalPolitical Economics; V.11-#4, pp. 3-15.
-B. Gibson (1980). "Unequal Exchange: Theoretical Issues and Empirical Findings". Review ofRadical Political Economics; V.12-#3, pp. 15-35.
-L. Mainwaring (1980). "International Trade and the Transfer of Labour Values". Journal ofDevelopment Studies; V.17-#1, pp. 22-31.
-R. Sau (1984). Underdeveloped Capitalism and the General Law of Value. Atlantic Highlands:Humanities Press.
-E. Bacha (1978). "An Interpretation of Unequal Exchange from Prebisch-Singer to Emmanuel".JDevE; V.5-#4, pp. 319-330.
-P. Krugman (1981). "Trade, Accumulation and Uneven Development". JDevE; V.8-#?, pp. 149-161.
-D. Evans (1984). "A Critical Assessment of Some Neo-Marxian Trade Theories". Journal ofDevelopment Studies; V.20-#2, pp. 202-226.
-A.K. Dutt (1986). "Vertical Trading and Uneven Development". JDevE; V.20-#?, pp. 339-359.
-A.K. Dutt (1988). "Monopoly Power and Uneven Development: Baran Revisited". Journal ofDevelopment Studies; V.24-#2, pp. 161-176.
-S. Barrientos (1990). "The Classical Foundations of Unequal Exchange: A Critical Analysis".British Review of Economic Issues; V.13-#29, pp. 61-86.
C. Testing the Classical Model
-G.D.A. MacDougall (1951). "British and American Exports: A Study Suggested by the Theoryof Comparative Costs, I". EJ; V.61-#244, pp. 697-724.
-G.D.A. MacDougall (1952). "British and American Exports: A Study Suggested by the Theoryof Comparative Costs, II". EJ; V.62-#247, pp. 487-521.
-A. Harberger (1957). "Some Evidence on the International Price Mechanism". JPE; V.65-#6,pp. 506-521.
-R. Stern (1962). "British and American Productivity and Comparative Costs in International
Trade". OEP; V.14-#?, pp. 275-296. (comment by MacDougall, et al. follows)
-B. Balassa (1963). "An Empirical Demonstration of Classical Comparative Cost Theory".REStat; V.45-#?, pp. 231-238.
-A.Y.C. Koo (1967). "Competition of American and Japanese Textiles in the World Market: AnEmpirical Test of the Theory of Comparative Cost". in Essays in Mathematical Economics inHonor of Oskar Morgenstern. Princeton: PUP, pp. 299-312.
-J. Bhagwati (1969). "The Pure Theory of International Trade". in J. Bhagwati, Trade, Tariffsand Growth. Cambridge: MIT, pp. 3-122. [Discussion of empirical tests on the Ricardian model,including original results, see pp. 7-23.]
-D.J. Daly (1972). “Uses of International Price and Output Data”. in D.J. Daly, ed. InternationalComparisons of Prices and Output. New York: Columbia University Press/NBER, pp. 85-123.[esp. pp. 96-103, and response by Balassa (123-131) and Bhagwati (131-137)]
-M. Kreinin (1969). "The Theory of Comparative Cost: Further Evidence". EconomiaInternazionale; V.22-#?, pp. 662-674.
-H. Glejser (1972). "Empirical Evidence on Comparative Cost Theory from the EuropeanCommon Market Experience". EER; V.3-#?, pp. 247-258.
-J. McGilvray and D. Simpson (1973). "The Commodity Structure of Anglo-Irish Trade".REStat;; V.55-#?, pp. 451-458.
-S. Golub (1994). "Comparative Advantage, Exchange Rates, and Sectoral Trade Balances ofMajor Industrial Countries". IMFSP; V.41-#2, pp. 286-313.
-C. Noussair, C. Plott, and R. Riezman (1995). “An Experimental Investigation of the Patterns ofInternational Trade”. AER; V.85-#3, pp. 462-491.
-P. Hooper and K. Larin (1989). "International Comparisons of Labor Costs in Manufacturing".Review of Income and Wealth; V.35-#?, pp. 335-355.
III. NEOCLASSICAL MODELS OF GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM AND TRADE
A. Structure of the Neoclasscial Model
1. Background
a. Some Classical References
-W.S. Jevons (1871). The Theory of Political Economy. London: Macmillan.
-C. Menger (1871). Grundsätze der Volkswirtschaftslehre. Vienna: Braumüller. Translation(1950): Principles of Economics. Glencoe: Irwin.
-L. Walras (1974). Eléments d'Economie Politique Pure. trans. Elements of Pure Economics.London: Allen and Unwin.
-J. Hicks (1939). Value and Capital: An Inquiry into Some Fundamental Principles of EconomicTheory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (second edition 1946)
-P. Samuelson (1947). Foundations of Economic Analysis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.(Enlarged edition, 1983)
-G. Debreu (1959). Theory of Value. New York: Wiley.
-W. Hildenbrand (1983). "Introduction". to Mathematical Economics: Twenty Papers of GerardDebreu. Cambridge: CUP/Econometric Society Monograph, pp. 1-29.
-D. Duffie and H. Sonnenschein (1989). "Arrow and General Equilibrium Theory". JEL; V.28-#2, pp. 565-598.
b. Textbook treatments of GE Theory
-P. Newman (1965). The Theory of Exchange. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
-J. Quirk and R. Saposnik (1968). Introduction to General Equilibrium Theory and WelfareEconomics. New York: McGraw Hill.
-C. Ferguson (1969). The Neoclassical Theory of Production and Distribution. Cambridge: CUP.
-W. Hildenbrand and A. Kirman (1988). Equilibrium Analysis: Variations on Themes byEdgeworth and Walras. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-D. Campbell (1987). Resource Allocation Mechanisms. Cambridge: CUP.
-R. Starr (1997). General Equilibrium Theory: An Introduction. Cambridge: CUP.
-B. Ellickson (1993). Competitive Equilibrium: Theory and Applications. Cambridge: CUP.
-C. Aliprantis, D. Brown, and O. Burkinshaw (1990). Existence and Optimality of CompetitiveEquilibrium. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
-C. Aliprantis (1996). Problems in Equilibrium Theory. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
-K. Arrow and F. Hahn (1971). General Competitive Analysis. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-A. Kirman, ed. (1998). Elements of General Equilibrium Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell.
c. History and Philosophy of GE Modeling
(1) Reflections of Major Contributors
-P. Samuelson (1952). “Economic Theory and Mathematics: An Appraisal”. AER; V.42-#2, pp.56-66.
-W. Leontief (1954). “Mathematics in Economics”. Bulletin of the American MathematicalSociety (Gibbs Lecture); V.60-#3, pp. [also cptr 3 in Leontief, Essays in Economics: Theories,Theorizing, Facts, and Policies. New Brunswick: Transaction Press, pp. 22-44.]
-W. Leontief (1971). “Theoretical Assumptions and Nonobserved Facts”. American EconomicReview; V.61-#1, pp. 1-7.
-T. Koopmans (1957). Three Essays on the State of Economic Science. New York: McGraw-Hill.
-P. Suppes (1960). “A Comparison of the Meaning and Uses of Models in Mathematics and theEmpirical Sciences”. Synthese; V.12-#?, pp. 287-301.
-K. Arrow (1973). “General Economic Equilibrium: Purpose, Analytic Techniques, CollectiveChoice”. Nobel Lecture. [reproduced in K. Arrow (1983). Collected Papers, V.2: GeneralEquilibrium. Boston: Harvard University Press, pp. 199-226.]
-F. Hahn (1974). “On the Notion of Equilibrium in Economics”. Cambridge: CUP. [reproducedin Hahn, ed. (1984). Equilibrium and Macroeconomics. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 43-71.]
-F. Hahn (1981). “General Equilibrium Theory”. in D. Bell and I. Kristol, eds. The Crisis inEconomic Theory. New York: Basic Books. [reproduced in Hahn, ed. (1984). Equilibrium andMacroeconomics. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 72-87.]
-F. Hahn (1982). “Reflections on the Invisible Hand”. Lloyds Bank Review; April, pp. 1-21.[reproduced in Hahn, ed. (1984). Equilibrium and Macroeconomics. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 111-133.]
-G. Debreu (1984). “Economic Theory in the Mathematical Mode”. AER; V.74-#3, pp. 267-278.
-G. Debreu (1986). “Theoretic Models: Mathematical Formalism and Economic Content”.Etrica; V.54-#6, pp. 1259-1270.
-G. Debreu (1991). “The Mathematicization of Economic Theory”. AER; V.81-#1, pp. 1-7.
-R. Townsend (1988). “Markets as Economies”. EJ; V.98-#390, pp. 1-24.
-A. Kirman (1989). “The Intrinsic Limits of Modern Economic Theory: The Emperor Has NoClothes”. EJ; V.99-Conference, pp. 126-139.
(2) Positivist/Neo-Positivist Perspectives and Critiques
-M. Friedman (1953). “The Methodology of Positive Economics”. in M. Friedman, ed. Essays inPositive Economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 3-43.
-E. Nagel (1963). “Assumptions in Economic Theory”. AER; V.53-#2, pp. 211-219.
-P. Samuelson (1963). “Problems of Methodology–Discussion”. AER; V.53-#2, pp. 231-236.
-F. Machlup (1964). “Professor Samuelson on Theory and Realism”. AER; V.54-#5, pp. 733-736.
-P. Samuelson (1964). “Theory and Realism: A Reply”. AER; V.54-#5, pp. 736-739.
-G. Massey (1965). “Professor Samuelson on Theory and Realism: Comment”. AER; V.55-#5,pp. 1155-1164.
-P. Samuelson (1965). “Professor Samuelson on Theory and Realism: Reply”. AER; V.55-#5, pp.1164-1172.
-S. Wong (1973). “The ‘F-Twist’ and the Methodology of Paul Samuelson”. AER; V.63-#3, pp.313-325.
-L. Boland (1979). “A Critique of Friedman’s Critics”. JEL, V.17-#2, pp. 503-522.
-B. Caldwell (1980). “A Critique of Friedman’s Methodological Instrumentalism”. SEJ; V.?-#?,pp. 366-374.
-A. Musgrave (1981). “‘Unreal Assumptions’ in Economic Theory: The F-Twist Untwisted”.KYKLOS; V.34-#3, pp. 377-387.
-A. Coddington (1975). “The Rationale of General Equilibrium”. Economic Inquiry; V.13-#4,pp.
-A. Gibbard and H. Varian (1978). “Economic Models”. Journal of Philosophy; V.75-#11, pp.664-677.
-E. Green (1981). “On the Role of Fundamental Theory in Positive Economics”. in J.C. Pitt, ed.Philosophy in Economics. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, pp. 5-15.
-D. Hausman (1981). “Are General Equilibrium Theories Explanatory?”. in J.C. Pitt, ed.Philosophy in Economics. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, pp. 17-32.
-A. Rosenberg (1983). “If Economics Isn’t Science, What is It?”. Philosophical Forum; V.9-#?,pp. 509-529.
-D.W. Hands (1984). “What Economics is Not: An Economist’s Response to Rosenberg”.Philosophy of Science; V.51-#3, pp. 495-503. [Response by Rosenberg, 1986, V.53-#1, pp. 127-132.]
A. Rosenberg (1989). “Are Generic Predictions Enough?”. Erkenntnis; V.30-#1/2, pp. 43-68.[also in W. Balzer and B. Hamminga, eds. Philosophy of Economics. Dordrecht: Kluwer.]
A. Rosenberg (1991). “What's So Special about General Equilibrium Theory?”. in G.K. Shaw,ed.. Economics, Culture and Education: Essays in honour of Mark Blaug. Aldershot: Elgar, pp.120-132.
-P. Samuelson (1987). “Out of the Closet: A Program for the Whig History of EconomicScience”. History of Economics Society Bulletin; V.9-#1, pp. 51-60.
-M. Blaug (1980/1992). The Methodology of Economics: or, How Economists Explain. 2nd ed.Cambridge: CUP.
-D. Hausman (1992). The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics. Cambridge: CUP.
-D. Hausman (1993). Essays on Philosophy and Economic Methodology. Cambridge: CUP.
-A. Rosenberg (1992). Economics: Mathematical Politics or Science of Diminishing Returns?.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
-D.W. Hands (1993). Testing, Rationality, and Progress: Essays on the Popperian Tradition inEconomic Methodology. Totowa: Rowman & Littlefield.
-D. Redman (1993). Economics and the Philosophy of Science. New York: Oxford UniversityPress.
-P. Mirowski (1988). Against Mechanism: Why Economics Needs Protection from Science.Totowa: Rowman & Littlefield.
-P. Mirowski (1989). More Heat Than Light. Cambridge: CUP.
-N. DeMarchi, ed. (1993). Non-Natural Social Science: Reflecting on the Enterprise of MoreHeat Than Light. Durham: Duke University Press.
-B. Ingrao and G. Israel (1990). The Invisible Hand: Economic Equilibrium in the History ofScience. Cambridge: MIT.
D.W. Hands (1993). “Thirteen Theses on Progress in Economic Methodology”. in D.W. Hands,ed. Testing, Rationality, and Progress: Essays on the Popperian Tradition in EconomicMethodology. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 143-147.
M. Blaug (1994). “Why I Am Not a Constructivist: Confessions of an Unrepentant Popperian”.in R. Backhouse, ed.. New Directions in Economic Methodology. New York: Routledge, pp.109-136.
D. Hausman (1999). “‘Ultra-Deductivism,’ Perfect Knowledge and the Methodology ofEconomics”. Journal of Economic Methodology; V.6-#1, pp. 125-130.
A.D. Autume and J. Cartelier, eds. (1997). Is Economics Becoming a Hard Science?. Aldershot:Edward Elgar.
(3) Lakatosian Perspectives and Critiques
-S. Latsis, ed. (1976). Method and Appraisal in Economics. Cambridge: CUP.
-J. Remenyi (1979). “Core and Demi-Core Interaction: Toward a General Theory of Disciplinaryand Sub-Disciplinary Growth”. History of Political Economy; V.11-#1, pp. 30-63.
-G. Fulton (1984). “Research Programmes in Economics”. History of Political Economy; V.16-#2, pp. 197-205.
-D.W. Hands (1985). “Second Thoughts on Lakatos”. History of Political Economy; V.17-#1, pp.1-16.
-E.R. Weintraub (1979). Microfoundations. Cambridge: CUP.
-S. Dow (1981). “Weintraub and Wiles: The Methodological Basis of Policy Conflict”. Journal ofPost Keynesian Economics; V.3-#3, pp.539-558.
-E.R. Weintraub (1982). “Substantive Mountains and Methodological Molehills”. Journal of PostKeynesian Economics; V. 5-#2, pp. 295-303. [Rejoinder by Dow follows, pp. 304-308.]
-D.W. Hands (1984). “The Role of Crucial Counterexamples in the Growth of EconomicKnowledge”. History of Political Economy; V.16-#1, pp. 59-67.
-E.R. Weintraub (1985). “Appraising General Equilibrium Analysis”. Economics andPhilosophy; V.3-#1, pp. 23-37.
-E.R. Weintraub (1986). General Equilibrium Analysis: Essays in Appraisal. Cambridge: CUP.
-A. Rosenberg (1986). “Lakatosian Consolations for Economics”. Economics and Philosophy;V.2-#1, pp. 127-139. [Response by E.R. Weintraub and Rejoinder, 1987, V.3-#1, pp. 139-144.]
-E.R. Weintraub (1988). “The NeoWalrasian Programme is Empirically Progressive”. in N.deMarchi, ed. The Popperian Legacy in Economics. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 213-227.
-B. Heijdra and A. Lowenberg (1988). “The Neoclassical Research Program: Some Lakatosianand Other Considerations”. Australian Economic Papers; V.27-#?, pp. 272-284.
-M. Toruño (1988). “Appraisals and Rational Reconstructions of General CompetitiveEquilibrium Theory”. Journal of Economic Issues; V.22-#1, pp. 127-155.
-A. Diamond, jr. (1988). “The Empirical Progressiveness of the General Equilibrium ResearchProgramme”. History of Political Economy; V.20-#?, pp. 119-135.
-A. Salanti (1991). “Roy Weintraub’s Studies in Appraisal: Lakatosian Consolations orSomething Else?”. Economics and Philosophy; V.7-#?, pp. 221-234. [Response by E.R.Weintraub and Rejoinder, 1993, V.9-#?, pp. 135-144.]
-A. Salanti (1994). “On the Lakatosian Apple of Discord in the History and Methodology ofEconomics”. Finnish Economic Papers; V.7-#1, pp. 30-41.
-M. Blaug and N. DeMarchi, eds. (1991). Appraising Economic Theories: Studies in theMethodology of Scientific Research Programmes. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
-R. Backhouse (1993). “Lakatosian Perspectives on General Equilibrium Analysis”. Economicsand Philosophy; V.9-#2, pp. 271-287.
-E.R. Weintraub (1991). Stabilizing Dynamics: Constructing Economic Knowledge. Cambridge:CUP.
-E.R. Weintraub and P. Mirowski (1994). “The Pure and the Applied: Bourbakism Comes toMathematical Economics”. Science in Context; V.7-#2, pp. 245-272.
-A. Leijonhufvud (1997). “Models and Theories”. Journal of Economic Methodology; V.4-#2,pp. 193-198.
-S. Dow (1997). “Mainstream Economic Methodology”. Cambridge Journal of Economics; V.21-#1, pp. 73-93.
-R. Backhouse (1998). Explorations in Economic Methodology: From Lakatos to EmpiricalPhilosophy of Science. London: Routledge.
-P. Krugman (1998). “Two Cheers for Formalism”. EJ; V.108-#451, pp. 1829-1836.
-E.R. Weintraub (1998). “Axiomatisches Mißverständnis”. EJ; V.108-#451, pp. 1837-1847.
-E.R. Weintraub (1999). “How Should we Write the History of Twentieth-Century Economics?”.Oxford Review of Economic Policy; V.15-#4, pp. 139-152.
(4) Structuralist Reconstructions
-D.W. Hands (1985). “The Structuralist View of Economic Theories: A Review Essay”.Economics and Philosophy; V.1-#2, pp.303-335.
-E.W. Händler (1980). “The Logical Structure of Modern Neoclassical Static EquilibriumTheory”. Erkenntnis; V.15-#1, pp. 33-53.
-W. Balzer (1982). “A Logical Reconstruction of Pure Exchange Economies”. Erkenntnis; V.17-#1, pp. 23-46.
-W. Balzer (1982). “The Empirical Claims of Exchange Economics”. in W. Stegemüller, W.Balzer, and W. Spohn eds. Philosophy of Economics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 16-40.
-R. Kötter (1982). “General Equilibrium Theory–An Empirical Theory?”. in W. Stegemüller, W.Balzer, and W. Spohn eds. Philosophy of Economics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 103-117.
-D. Pearce and M. Tucci (1982). “A General Net Structure for Theoretical Economics”. in W.Stegemüller, W. Balzer, and W. Spohn eds. Philosophy of Economics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,pp. 85-102.
-F. Haslinger (1982). “Structure and Problems of Equilibrium and Disequilibrium Theory”. in W.Stegemüller, W. Balzer, and W. Spohn eds. Philosophy of Economics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,pp. 63-84
-F. Haslinger (1983). “‘A Logical Reconstruction of Pure Exchange Economics’: An AlternativeView”. Erkenntnis; V.V.20-#?, pp. 115-129.
-W. Balzer (1985). “The Proper Reconstruction of Exchange Economics”. Erkenntnis; V.23-#?,pp. 185-200.
-D.W. Hands (1985). “The Logical Reconstruction of Pure Exchange Economics: AnotherAlternative”. Theory and Decision; V.19-#?, pp. 259-278.
-B. Hamminga and W. Balzer (1986). “The Basic Structure of Neoclassical General EquilibriumTheory”. Erkenntnis; V.25-#1, pp. 31-46.
-M. Janssen and T. Kuipers (1989). “Stratification of General Equilibrium Theory: A Synthesisof Reconstructions”. Erkenntnis; V.30-#1/2, pp. 183-205.
-T. Requate (1991). “Once Again Pure Exchange Economies: A Critical View Towards theStructuralist Reconstructions by Balzer and Stegemüller”. Erkenntnis; V.34-#?, pp. 87-116.
-A. Vilks (1992). “A Set of Axioms for Neoclassical Economics and the Methodological Status ofthe Equilibrium Concept”. Economics and Philosophy; V.8-#1, pp. 51-
L. Nowak (1989). “On the (Idealizational) Structure of Economic Theories”. Erkenntnis; V.30-#1/2, pp. 225-246.
-E. Klein (1998). Economic Theories and Their Relational Structures: A Model-TheoreticCharacterization. New York: St. Martins.
2. Technology and Opportunity Cost in the Neoclassical Model
a. Neoclassical Technology
-R.W. Shepard (1970). Theory of Cost and Production Functions. Princeton: PUP.
-D. McFadden (1978). "Cost, Revenue and Profit Functions". in M. Fuss and D. McFadden, eds.Production Economics: A Dual Approach to Theory and Applications. Amsterdam: North-Holland, V.1, pp. 3-109.
-M.I. Nadiri (1982). "Producers Theory". Chapter 10 in K. Arrow and M. Intriligator, eds. Handbook of Mathematical Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 431-490.
-R. Chambers (1988). Applied Production Analysis: A Dual Approach. Cambridge: CUP.
b. Production Sets
(1) Geometric Analysis for the 2x2 Case
-K. Savosnick (1958). "The Box Diagram and the Production Possibility Curve". EkonomiskTidskrift; V.60-#?, pp. 186-188.
-J. Melvin (1971). "On the Derivation of the Production Possibility Curve". Eca; V.38-#?, pp.287-294.
-F.S.T. Hsiao (1971). "The Contract Curve and the Production Possibility Curve". JPE; V.79-#?,pp. 919-923.
-W. Scarth and R. Warne (1973). "The Elasticity of Substitution and the Shape of theTransformation Curve". Eca; V.40-#?, pp. 299-304.
-M. Krauss, H.G. Johnson and T. Skouras (1973). "On the Shape and Location of the ProductionPossibilities Curve". Eca; V.40-#?, pp. 305-310.
-J.S. Lizondo, H.G. Johnson and Y.H. Yeh (1981). "Factor Intensities and the Shape of theProduction Possibilities Curve". Eca; V.48-#?, pp. 199-202.
-H.G. Johnson (1977). "A Note on the Geometry of the Two-by-Two General EquilibriumModel". Eca; V.44-#?, pp. 71-75.
-R. Manning and J. Melvin (1992). "The Geometric Construction of Production Functions thatare Consistent with an Arbitrary Production-Possibility Curve". CJE; V.25-#2, pp. 492.
(2) General Analysis of Production Sets
-J. Quirk and R. Saposnik (1966). "Homogeneous Production Functions and Convexity of theProduction Possibility Set". Metroeconomica; V.18-#?, pp. 192-197.
-J. Kelly (1969). "Lancaster vs. Samuelson on the Shape of the Neoclassical TransformationSurface". JET; V.1-#?, pp. 347-351.
-H. Herberg (1969). "On the Curvature of the Transformation Curve in the Case of HomogeneousProduction Functions". Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft; V.125-#?, pp. 202-210.
-C. Khang (1971). "The Strict Convexity of the Transformation Surface in the Case of LinearHomogeneous Production Functions: A General Case". Etrica; V.39-#5, pp. 857-859.
-Y. Otani (1973). "Neoclassical Production Technology Sets and Properties of ProducitonPossibility Sets". Etrica; V.41-#?, pp. 667-682.
-C. Khang and Y. Uekawa (1973). "The Production Possibility Set in a Model AllowingInterindustry Flows: The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for its Strict Convexity". JIE; V.3-#?, pp. 283-390.
-D. Scheffman (1973). "Some Remarks on the Net Production Possibilities Curve in Models withIntermediate Goods". JIE; V.3-#?, pp. 291-296.
-H. Herberg (1975). "On the Convexity of the Production Possibility Set under GeneralProduction Conditions". Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft; V.129-#2, pp. 205-214.
-A.D. Woodland (1982). "The Production Sector". Chapter 3 in International Trade andResource Allocation. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 38-65.
-M. Kemp, ed. (1982). Production Sets. New York: Academic Press.
-M. Kemp, N.V. Long and M. Tawada (1985). "Sharp Points in Production Surfaces". OEP;V.37-#?, pp. 375-381.
-T. Inoue (1984). "On the Shape of the Production Possibility Frontier with More Commoditiesthan Primary Factors". IER; V.25-#2, pp. 409-424.
-T. Inoue and L. Wegge (1986). "On the Geometry of the Production Possibility Frontier". IER;V.27-#3, pp. 727-737.
-T. Inoue (1986). "On the Shape of the World Production Possibility Frontier with Three Goodsand Two Primary Factors with and Without Capital Mobility". IER; V.27-#3, pp. 707-726.
3. Demand, Preference Aggregation and Community Welfare
a. Preference, Choice and Utility Functions
-P. Samuelson (1948). "Consumption Theory in Terms of Revealed Preference". Etrica; V.15-#?,pp. 243-253.
-H. Houthaker (1950). "Revealed Preference and the Utility Function". Eca; V.17-3?, pp. 159-174.
-K. Arrow (1959). "Rational Choice Functions and Orderings". Eca; V.?-#?, pp. 121-127.
-A. Sen (1971). "Choice Functions and Revealed Preference". REStud; V.38-#?, pp. 307-317.
-H. Uzawa (1971). "Preference and Rational Choice in the Theory of Consumption". in J.Chipman, et al. Preferences, Utility and Demand. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanocvich, pp.129-148.
-H. Varian (1982). "The Nonparametric Approach to Demand Analysis". Etrica; V.50-#?, pp.945-973.
-P. Samuelson (1950). "The Problem of Integrability in Demand Theory". Eca; V.17-#?, pp. 355-385.
-L. Hurwicz and H. Uzawa (1971). "On the Integrability of Demand Functions". Chapter 6 in J.Chipman, et al. Preferences, Utility and Demand. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanocvich, pp.114-148.
-D. Katzner (1970). Static Demand Theory. New York: Macmillan.
-H.A.J. Green (1976). Consumer Theory. New York: Macmillan.
-A. Deaton and J. Muellbauer (1980). Economics and Consumer Behavior. Cambridge: CUP.
-A. Barton and V. Böhm (1982). "Consumer Theory". Chapter 9 in K. Arrow and M. Intriligator,eds. Handbook of Mathematical Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp.
-D. Kreps (1988). Notes on the Theory of Choice. Boulder: Westview.
b. Preference Aggregation: Problems and Resolutions
-W. Gorman (1953). "Community Preference Fields". Etrica; V.22-#?, pp. 63-80.
-P. Samuelson (1956). "Social Indifference Curves". QJE; V.70-#1, pp. 1-22.
-W. Gorman (1959). "Are Social Indifference Curves Convex?". QJE; V.73-#?, pp. 485-496.
-T. Negishi (19663). "On Social Welfare Function". QJE; V.77-#?, pp. 156-158.
-J. Vanek (1965). "A Rehabilitation of `Well-Behaved` Social Indifference Curves". Appendix toChapter IV of General Equilibrium of International Discrimination. Cambridge: HarvardUniversity Press, pp. 83-87.
-E. Eisenberg (1961). "Aggregation of Utility Functions". Management Science; V.7-#?, pp. 337-350.
-J. Chipman (1974). "Homothetic Preferences and Aggregation". JET; V.8-#?, pp. 26-38.
-W. Shafer (1977). "Revealed Preference and Aggregation". Etrica; V.45-#?, pp. 1173-1182.
-Y. Kannai (1977). "Concavifiability and Constructions of Concave Utility Functions". JMathE;V.4-#1, pp. 1-56.
-Y. Kannai and R. Mantel (1979). "Non-Convexifiable Pareto Sets". Etrica; V.46-#3, pp. 571-575.
-J. Chipman and J. Moore (1979). "On Social Welfare Functions and the Aggregation ofPreferences". JET; V.21-#?, pp. 157-172.
-J. Muelbauer (1975). "Aggregation, Income Distribution and Consumer Demand". REStud;V.42-#?, pp. 525-543.
-J. Muelbauer (1976). "Community Preferences and the Representative Consumer". Etrica; V.44-#?, pp. 979-999.
-G. Chichilnisky and G. Heal (1983). "Community Preferences and Social Choice". JMathE;V.12-#?, pp. 33-61.
-E. Tower (1979). "The Geometry of Community Indifference Curves". WA; V.115-#4, pp. 680-699.
-D. Saari (1992). “The Aggregate Excess Demand Function and Other Aggregation Procedures”.Economic Theory; V.2-#3, pp. 359-388
-D. Saari (1995). “A Chaotic Exploration of Aggregation Paradoxes”. SIAM Review; V.37-#1,pp. 37-52.
c. General Properties of Excess Demand Functions
-H. Sonnenschein (1973). "Do Walras' Indentity and Continuity Characterize the Class ofCommunity Excess Demand Functions?". JET; V.6-#?, pp. 345-354.
-H. Sonnenschein (1974). "Market Excess Demand Functions". Etrica; V.40-#?, pp. 549-563.
-G. Debreu (1974). "Excess Demand Functions". JMathE; V.1-#1, pp. 15-23.
-R. Mantel (1974). "On the Characterization of Aggregate Excess Demand". JET; V.7-#?, pp.348-353.
-R. Mantel (1977). "Implications of Microeconomic Theory for Community Excess DemandFunctions". in M. Intriligator, ed. Frontiers of Quantitative Economics, V.IIIA. Amsterdam:North-Holland, pp. 111-126.
-R. Mantel (1979). "Homothetic Preferences and Community Excess Demand Functions". JET;V.12-#?, pp. 197-201.
-J. Genakopolos and H. Polemarchakis (1980). "On the Disaggregation of Excess DemandFunctions". Etrica; V.48-#?, pp. 315-331.
-W. Shafer and H. Sonnenschein (1982). "Market Demand and Excess Demand Functions".Chapter 14 in K. Arrow and M. Intriligator, eds. Handbook of Mathematical Economics.Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 671-693.
-A. Kirman (1989). “The Intrinsic Limits of Modern Economic Theory: The Emperor Has NoClothes”. EJ; V.99-Conference, pp. 126-139.
-D. Saari (1985). “Random Behavior in Numerical Analysis, Decision Theory, andMacrosystems: Some Impossibility Theorems”. in J.-P. Aubin, D. Saari, and K. Sigmund, eds.Dynamics of Macrosystems. Berlin: Springer.
-D. Saari (1985). “Price Dynamics, Social Choice, Voting Methods, Probability and Chaos”. inC. Aliprantis, O. Burkinshaw, and N. Rothman, eds. Advances in Equilibrium Theory. Berlin:Springer.
-D. Saari (1991). “Erratic Behavior in Economic Models”. Journal of Economic Behavior andOrganization; V.16-#1/2, pp. pp. 3-35.
-J. Bottazzi and T. Hens (1996). “On Market Excess Demand Functions with IncompleteMarkets”. JET; V.68-#1, pp. 49-63.
-P. Gottardi and T. Hens (1999). “Disaggregation of Excess Demand and Comparative Staticswith Incomplete Markets and Nominal Assets”. Economic Theory; V.13-#2, pp. 287-308.
-Pierre-André Chiappori and Ivar Ekeland (1999). “Disaggregation of Excess Demand Functionsin Incomplete Markets”. Journal Of Mathematical Economics; V.31-#1, pp. 111-129.[Corrigendum, (2000), V.33-#4, pp. 531-532.]
-P. Gottardi and A. Mas-Colell (2000). “A Note on the Decomposition (at a point) of Aggregate
Excess Demand on the Grassmanian”. Journal of Mathematical Economics; V.33-#4, pp. 463-473.
4. Topological Approaches to General Equilibrium
a. Existence
-E.R. Weintraub (1983). "On the Existence of a Competitive Equilibrium: 1930-1954". JEL;V.21-#1, pp. 1-39.
-K. Arrow and G. Debreu (1954). "Existence of an Equilibrium for a Competitive Economy".Etrica; V.22-#?, pp. 265-290.
-D. Gale (1955). "The Law of Supply and Demand". Mathematica Scandinavia; V.3-#?, pp. 155-169.
-H. Kuhn (1956). "A Note on `The Law of Supply and Demand`". Mathematica Scandinavica;V.4-#?, pp. 143-156.
-L. McKenzie (1955). "Competitive Equilibrium with Dependent Consumer Preferences". in TheSecond Symposium on Linear Programming. Washington, DC: National Bureau of Standards andDepartment of the Air Force.
-L. McKenzie (1959). "On The Existence of General Equilibrium for a Competitive Market".Etrica; V.27-#?, pp. 54-71.
-G. Debreu (1962). "New Concepts and Techniques for Equilibrium Analysis". IER; V.3-#?, pp.257-273.
-L. McKenzie (1981). "The Classical Theorem on Existence of Competitive Equilibrium". Etrica;V.49-#4, pp. 819-841.
-A. Mas-Colell (1974). "An Equilibrium Existence Theorem without Complete or TransitivePreferences". JMathE; V.1-#?, pp. 237-246.
-W. Shafer and H. Sonnenschein (1975). "Some Theorems on the Existence of CompetitiveEquilibrium". JET; V.11-#?, pp. 83-93.
-G. Debreu (1982). "Existence of Competitive Equilibrium". Chapter 15 in K. Arrow and M.Intriligator, eds. Handbook of Mathematical Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 697-743.
-M.A. Khan (1993). "Lionel McKenzie on the Existence of Competitive Equilibrium". in R.Becker, M. Boldrin, R. Jones and W. Thomson, eds. General Equilibrium, Growth, and Trade II.San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 3-50.
b. Computation of Equilibrium
-H. Scarf (1967). "On the Computation of Equilibrium Prices". in Ten Studies in the Tradition ofIrving Fisher. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
-H. Scarf with T. Hansen (1973). The Computation of Economic Equilibria. New Haven: YaleUniversity Press.
-H. Kuhn (1986). "How to Compute Economic Equilibria by Pivotal Methods". in S. Reiter, ed.Studies in Mathematical Economics. Washington, DC: American Mathematical Association, pp.199-218.
-J. Shoven, J. Whalley and W. Wiegard (1992). "Computing General Equilibrium". Chapter 3 inJ. Shoven and J. Whalley, Applying General Equilibrium. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 37-68.
c. Uniqueness
-K. Arrow and F. Hahn (1971). "The Uniqueness of Competitive Equilibrium". Chapter 9 inGeneral Competitive Analysis. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 207-244.
-I. Pearce and J. Wise (1973). "On the Uniqueness of Competitive Equilibrium: Part I,Unbounded Demand". Econometrica; V.41-#?, pp. 817-828.
-I. Pearce and J. Wise (1974). "On the Uniqueness of Competitive Equilibrium: Part II, BoundedDemand". Econometrica; V.42-#?, pp. 921-932.
d. Core
-G. Debreu and H. Scarf (1972). "The Limit of the Core of an Economy". in C. McGuire and R.Radner, eds. Decision and Organization. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-V. Bohm (1974). "The Core of an Economy with Production". REStud; V.41-#?, pp. 429-436.
-C. Oddou (1976). "Coalition Production Economies with Productive Factors". Etrica; V.44-#?,pp. 265-281.
-W. Hildenbrand (1982). "Core of an Economy". in K. Arrow and M. Intriligator, eds. Handbookof Mathematical Economics, V.II. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 831-877.
5. Differentiability, Global Analysis and General Equilibrium
a. Characterization and Existence
-G. Debreu (1976). "The Application to Economics of Differential Topology and GlobalAnalysis: Regular Differentiable Economies". AER; V.66-#?, pp. 280-287.
-S. Smale (1982). "Global Analysis and Economics". Chapter 8 in K. Arrow and M. Intriligator,eds. Handbook of Mathematical Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 331-370.
-E. Dierker (1982). "Regular Economies". Chapter 17 in K. Arrow and M. Intriligator, eds.Handbook of Mathematical Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 795-830.
-A. Mas-Colell (1986). "An Introduction to the Differentiable Approach in the Theory ofEconomic Equilibrium". in S. Reiter, ed. Studies in Mathematical Economics. Washington, DC:American Mathematical Association, pp. 160-198.
-E. Dierker (1974). Topological Methods in Walrasian Economics. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
-A. Mas-Colell (1985). The Theory of General Equilibrium: A Differentiable Approach.Cambridge:CUP/Econometric Society.
-Y. Balasko (1988). Foundations of the Theory of General Equilibrium. San Diego: AcademicPress.
-J. Milnor (1965). Topology from a Differentiable Viewpoint. Charlottesville: University Press ofVirginia.
-N. Schofield (1984). Mathematical Methods in Economics. New York: NYU Press.
-S. Lang (1972). Differential Manifolds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
b. Number/Finiteness/Uniqueness of Equilibria
-G. Debreu (1970). "Economies with a Finite Set of Equilibria". Etrica; V.38-#3, pp. 387-392.
-E. Dierker (1972). "Two Remarks on the Number of Equilibria of an Economy". Etrica; V.40-#5, pp. 951-953.
-H. Varian (1975). "A Third Remark on the Number of Equilibria of an Economy". Etrica; V.43-#?, pp. 985-986.
-K. Nishimura (1978). "A Further Remark on the Number of Equilibria of an Economy". IER;V.19-#?, pp. 679-685.
-A. Mas-Colell (1977). "On the Equilibrium Price Set of an Exchange Economy". JMathE; V.4-#2, pp. 117-126.
-Y. Balasko (1979). "Economies with a Finite but Large Number of Equilibria". JMathE; V.6-#2,pp. 145-147.
-S. Smale (1974). "Global Analysis and Economics, IIA: Extension of a theorem of Debreu".JMathE; V.1-#1, pp. 1-14.
-J.H. van Geldrop (1978). "Extension of a Theorem of Smale on Equilibria for Pure ExchangeEconomies". JMathE; V.5-#?, pp. 245-253.
-G. Fuchs (1974). "Private Ownership Economies with a Finite Number of Equilibria". JMathE;V.1-#2, pp. 141-148.
-S. Smale (1974). "Global Analysis and Economics, IV: Finiteness and Stability of Equilibriawith General Consumption Sets and Production". JMathE; V.1-#2, pp. 119-127.
-A. Mas-Colell (1975). "On the Continuity of Equilibrium Prices in Constant-Returns ProductionEconomies". JMathE; V.2-#1, pp. 21-33.
-G. Fuchs (1977). "Continuity of Equilibria for Production Economies: New Results". Etrica;V.45-#8, pp. 1777-1796.
-T. Kehoe (1980). "An Index Theorem for General Equilibrium Models with Production". Etrica;V.48-#5, pp. 1211-1232.
-T. Kehoe (1982). "Regular Production Economies". JMathE; V.10-#2/3, pp. 147-176.
-T. Kehoe (1985). "Multiplicity of Equilibrium and Comparative Statics". QJE; V.100-#?, pp.119-148.
-A. Mas-Colell (1991). "On the Uniqueness of Equilibrium Once Again". in W. Barnett, et al.,eds. Equilibrium Theory and Applications. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 275-296.
c. Optimality
-S. Smale (1973). "Optimizing Several Functions". in A. Hattori, ed. Manifolds--Tokyo, 1973. pp. 69-75.
-S. Smale (1974). "Sufficient Conditions for an Optimum". in A. Manning ed. DynamicalSystems--Warwick 1974. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
-C. Simon (1986). "Scalar and Vector Maximization: Calculus Techniques with EconomicApplications". in S. Reiter, ed. Studies in Mathematical Economics. Washington, DC: AmericanMathematical Association, pp. 62-159.
-S. Smale (1973). "Global Analysis and Economics, I: Pareto Optimum and a Generalization ofMorse Theory". in M. Peixoto, ed. Dynamical Systems. New York: Academic Press, pp. 531-544.
-S. Smale (1974). "Global Analysis and Economics, III: Pareto Optima and Price Equilibria".JMathE; V.1-#2, pp. 107-117.
-S. Smale (1974). "Global Analysis and Economics, V: Pareto Theory with Constraints".JMathE; V.1-#?, pp. 213-221.
-S. Smale (1976). "Global Analysis and Economics, VI: Geometric Analysis of Pareto Optimaand Price Equilibria under Classical Hypotheses". JMathE; V.3-#1, pp. 1-14.
-G. Chichilnisky (1993). “Topology and Economics: The Contribution of Stephen Smale”. in M.Hirsch, J. Marsden, and M. Shub, eds. From Topology to Computation: Proceedings of theSmalefest. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 147-161.
-Y.H. Wan (1975). "On Local Pareto Optima". JMathE; V.2-#1, pp. 35-42.
-C. Simon and C. Titus (1975). "Characterization of Optimal in Smooth Pareto EconomicSystems". JMathE; V.2-#2, pp. 297-330.
-J.H. van Geldrop (1980). "A Note on Local Pareto Optimum". JMathE; V.7-#1, pp. 51-54.
d. Computation of Equilibrium
-S. Smale (1976). "A Convergent Process of Price Adjustements and Global Newton Methods".JMathE; V.3-#1, pp. 1-14.
-S. Smale (1976). "Exchange Processes with Price Adjustment". JMathE; V.3-#?, pp. 211-226.
-S. Smale (1977). "An Approach to the Analysis of Dynamic Processes in Economic Systems". inG. Schwödiauer, ed. Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in Econmic Theory. Dordrecht: D. Reidel,pp. 363-367.
-H. Varian (1977). "A Remark on Boundary Restriction in the Global Newton Method". JMathE;V.4-#?, pp. 127-130.
6. No-Arbitrage and Equilibrium Existence
a. No-Arbitrage Conditions in Financial Economics
-H. Varian (1987). “The Arbitrage Principle in Financial Economics”. Journal of EconomicPerspectives; V.1-#2, pp. 55-72
-P. Dybvig and S. Ross (1987). “Arbitrage”. The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics. V.I.London: Macmillan, pp. 100-106.
-S. Ross (1976). “Return, Risk, and Arbitrage”. in I. Friend and J. Bicksler eds. Risk and Returnin Finance, Vol. 1. Cambridge: Ballinger, pp. 189-218.
-S. Ross (1976). “The Arbitrage Theory of Capital Asset Pricing”. JET; V.13-#3, pp. 341-360.
-S. Ross (1978). “A Simple Approach to the Valuation of Risky Streams”. JBus; V.51-#3, pp.453-475.
-G. Huberman (1982). “A Simple Approach to Arbitrage Pricing”. JET; V.28-#?, pp. 183-191.
b. No-Arbitrage and Equilibrium Existence in GE Models with Asset Markets
-O. Hart (1974). “On the Existence of Equilibrium in a Securities Model”. JET; V.9-#?, pp. 293-311.
-P. Hammond (1983). “Overlapping Expectations and Hart’s Conditions for Equilibrium in aSecurities Market”. JET; V.31-#?, pp. 170-175.
-F. Page (1987). “On Equilibrium in Hart’s Securities Exchange Model”. JET; V.41-#?, pp. 392-404.
-J. Werner (1987). “Arbitrage and the Existence of Competitive Equilibrium”. Etrica; V.55-#6,pp. 1403-1418.
-L. Nielsen (1989). “Asset Market Equilibrium with Short-Selling”. REStud; V.56-#?, pp. 467-474.
-L. Kousougeras (1998). “A Two-stage Core with Applications to Asset Market and DifferentialInformation Economies”. ET; V.11-#3, pp. 563-584.
-G. Chichilnisky (1993). “Intersecting Families of Sets and the Topology of Cones inEconomics”. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society; V.29-#2, pp. 189-207.
-G. Chichilnisky (1994). “Social Diversity, Arbitrage, and Gains from Trade: A UnifiedPerspective on Resource Allocation”. AER; V.84-#2, pp. 427-434.
-G. Chichilnisky (1995). “Limited Arbitrage is Necessary and Sufficient for the Existence of aCompetitive Equilibrium with or without Short Sales”. ET; V.5-#?, pp. 79-108.
-P. Monteiro, F. Page, and M. Wooders (1997). “Arbitrage, Equilibrium, and Gains from Trade:A Counterexample”. JMathE; V.28-#?, pp. 481-501.
-G. Chichilnisky (1997). “Limited Arbitrage is Necessary and Sufficient for the Existence of anEquilibrium”. JMathE; V.28-#?, pp. 470-479.
-G. Chichilnisky (1997). “Market Arbitrage, Social Choice and the Core”. SC&W; V.14-#?, pp.161-198.
-P. Monteiro, F. Page, and M. Wooders (1997). “Arbitrage and Global Cones: AnotherCounterexample”. SC&W; V.16-#?, pp. 337-346.
-F. Page (1996). “Arbitrage and Asset Prices”. MathSocSci; V.31-#?, pp. 183-208.
-F. Page and M. Wooders (1996). “A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for the Compactness ofIndividually Rational and Feasible Outcomes and the Existence of an Equilibrium”. EcLets;V.52-#?, pp. 153-162.
-F. Page and M. Wooders (1996). “The Partnered Core of an Economy and the PartneredCompetitive Equilibrium”. EcLets; V.52-#?, pp. 143-152.
-G. Chichilnisky (1997). “A Topological Invariant for Competitive Markets”. JMathE; V.28-#?,pp. 445-469.
-G. Chichilnisky and G. Heal (1998). “A Unified Treatment of Finite and Infinite Economies:Limited Arbitrage is Necessary and Sufficient for the Existence of Equilibrium and the Core”.ET; V.12-#?, pp. 163-176.
-R. Page and M. Wooders (1999). “Arbitrage with Price-Dependent Preferences: Equilibrium andMarket Stability”. in M. Wooders, ed. Topics in Mathematical Economics and Game Theory.Providence: American Mathematical Society, pp. 189-212.
-R.-A. Dana, C. Le Van, and F. Magnien (1999). “Asset Equilibrium in Asses Markets with andwithout Short-selling”. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications; V206-#?, pp. 567-588.
-R.-A. Dana, C. Le Van, and F. Magnien (1999). “On the Different Notions of Arbitrage andExistence of Equilibrium”. JET; V.87-#1, pp. 169-193.
-R.-A. Dana and C. Le Van (2000). “Arbitrage, Duality and Asset Equilibria”. JmathE; V.34-#?,pp. 397-413.
7. Stability
a. Overviews
-P. Newman (1961). "Approaches to Stability Analysis". Eca; V.28-#?, pp. 12-29.
-D. Davies (1963). "A Note on Marshallian versus Walrasian Stability Conditions". CJE; V.29-#4, pp. 535-540.
-T. Negishi (1962). "The Stability of a Competitive Economy: A Survey Article". Etrica; V.30-#?, pp. 635-669.
-F. Fisher (1976). "The Stability of General Equilibrium: Results and Problems". in M. Artis andNobay, eds. Essays in Economic Analysis. Cambridge: CUP.
-F. Hahn (1982). "Stability". in K. Arrow and M. Intriligator, eds. Handbook of MathematicalEconomics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 745-793.
b. Excess Demand Functions and Stability
-O. Lange (1944). "The Stability of Economic Equilibrium". Appendix in Price Flexibility andEmployment. pp. 91-109.
-L. Metzler (1945). "Stability of Multiple Markets: The Hicks Conditions". Etrica; V.13-#?, pp.277-292.
-P. Samuelson (1947). Part II of Foundations of Economic Analysis. Cambridge: HarvardUniversity Press.
-M. Morishima (1960). "A Reconsideration of the Walras-Cassel Leontief Model of GeneralEquilibirum". in Mathematical Methods in the Social Sciences. Stanford: Stanford UniversityPress, pp. 63-76.
-L. McKenzie (1960). "Matrices with Dominant Diagonals and Economic Theory". inMathematical Methods in the Social Sciences. Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 47-62.
-K. Arrow (1976). "The Genesis of Dynamic Systems Governed by Metzler Matrices". in R.Henn and O. Moeschlin, eds. Mathematical Economics and Game Theory. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 629-644.
c. The Correspondence Principle
-Samuelson, Paul (1941). “The Stability of Equilibrium: Comparative Statics and Dynamics”.Econometrica; V.9-#?, pp. 97-120.
-Samuelson, Paul (1942). “The Stability of Equilibrium: Linear and Nonlinear Systems”.Econometerica; V10-#1, pp. 1-25.
-J. Quirk and R. Saposnick (1968). “Competitive Equilibrium: Comparative Statics” (esp. Section6.4). Chapter 6 of Introduction to General Theory Equilibrium and Welfare Economics. NewYork: McGraw Hill.
-K. Arrow and F. Hahn (1971). “The Correspondence Principle”. Chapter 12, section 11 ofGeneral Competitive Analysis. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 320-321.
-Finger, J. M. (1971). “The Correspondence Principle: A Superfluous Tool of EconomicAnalysis”. Journal of Economic Issues; V.5-#1, pp. 47-56.
-Burmeister, Edwin and Long, Ngo Van (1977). “On Some Unresolved Questions in CapitalTheory: Application of Samuelson's Correspondence Principle”. Quarterly Journal ofEconomics; V.91-#2, pp. 289-314.
-Neary, J. Peter (1978). “Dynamic Stability and the Theory of Factor-Market Distortions”.American Economic Review; V.68-#4, pp. 671-682.
-Herberg, Horst and Murray Kemp (1980). “In Defense of some ‘Paradoxes’ of Trade Theory”.American Economic Review; V.70-#4, pp. 812-814.
-Neary, J. Peter (1980). “This Side of Paradox, or, in Defense of the Correspondence Principle: AReply to Herberg and Kemp”. American Economic Review; V.70-#4, pp. 815-818.
-Kemp, Murray (199?). “Correspondence Principle”. The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of
Economics, Vol. 1. Pp. 678-679.
-Brown, G. P.; Rogers, C. “Macroeconomics, Comparative Statics and the CorrespondencePrinciple: A Critique”. South African Journal of Economics; v46 n4 Dec. 1978, pp. 307-25.
-Bryant, W. D. A. “Samuelson's Correspondence Principle: A Comment”. South African Journalof Economics; v48 n1 March 1980, pp. 87-88.
-Magill, Michael J. P.; Scheinkman, Jose A. “Stability of Regular Equilibria and theCorrespondence Principle for Symmetric Variational Problems”. International Economic Review; v2 n2 June 1979, pp. 297-315.
-Hatta, Tatsuo (1980). “Structure of the Correspondence Principle at an Extremum Point”.Review of Economic Studies; V.47-#5, pp. 987-997.
-Brock, William A (1983). “A Revised Version of Samuelson's Correspondence Principle:Applications of Recent Results on the Asymptotic Stability of Optimal Control to the Problem ofComparing Long Run Equilibria”. in H. Sonnenschein, ed.. Models of economic dynamics.Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems series, vol. 264. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 86-116.
-Bhagwati, Jagdish N.; Brecher, Richard A.; Hatta, Tatsuo (1987). “The Global CorrespondencePrinciple: A Generalization”. American Economic Review; V.77-#1, pp. 124-132.
-Kemp, Murray C.; Kimura, Yoshio; Tawada, Makoto (1990). “The Global CorrespondencePrinciple.” Economics Letters; V.34-#1, pp. 1-4.
-Ide, Toyonari; Takayama, Akira (1990). “Variable Returns to Scale and Global CorrespondencePrinciple in the Theory of International Trade. Economics Letters; V.33-#4, pp. 301-308.
-Velupillai, K (1973). “A Note on the Origin of the 'Correspondence Principle'.”. SwedishJournal of Economics; V.75-#3, pp. 302-304.
d. Individual Behavior, Gross Substitutes and Stability
-J. Hicks (1939). Value and Capital. Oxford: OUP.
-P. Samuelson (1944). "The Relation between Hicksian and True Dynamic Stability". Etrica;
-M. Morishima (1957). "Notes on the Theory of Stability of Multiple Exchanges". REStud; V.24-#?, pp. 203-208.
-F. Hahn (1958). "Gross Substitutes and the Dynamic Stability of General Equilibrium". Etrica;V.26-#?, pp. 169-170.
-K. Arrow and L. Hurwicz (1958). "On the Stability of Competitive Equilibrium, I". Etrica;V.26-#?, pp. 522-552.
-K. Arrow, H. Block and L. Hurwicz (1959). "On the Stability of Competitive Equilibrium, II".Etrica; V.27-#1, pp. 82-109.
-K. Arrow and L. Hurwicz (1962). "Competitive Equilibrium under Weak GrossSubstitutability". IER; V.?-#?, pp. 233-255.
-T. Negishi (1972). "Stability and the Gross Substitutability". Chapter 13 in General EquilibriumTheory and International Trade. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 191-206
-H. Scarf (1960). "Some Examples of Global Instability of Competitive Equilibrium". IER; V.1-#3, pp. 157-172.
-D. Gale (1963). "A Note on Global Instability of Competitive Equilibrium". Naval ResearchLogistics Quarterly; V.10-#?, pp. 81-87.
-M. Morishima (1953-4). "A Note on a Point in Value and Capital." REStud; V.21-#3, pp. 214-217. (Reply by Hicks and response by Morishima).
-D.V.T. Bear (1965). "Inferior Inputs and the Theory of the Firm". JPE; V.73-#3, pp. 287-289.
-T. Rader (1968). "Normally, Factor Inputs are Never Gross Substitutes". JPE; V.73-#?, pp. 38-43.
-M. Ohyama (1972). "On the Stability of Generalized Metzlerian Systems". REStud; V.39-#?, pp.
e. Non-Tâtonnement Stability
-T. Negishi (1961). "On the Formation of Prices". IER; V.2-#?, pp. 122-126.
-H. Uzawa (1962). "On the Stability of Edgeworth's Barter Process". IER; V.3-#?, pp. 218-232.
-L. Hurwicz, R. Radner and S. Reiter (1975). "A Stochastic Decentralized Resource AllocationProcess, I and II". Etrica; V.43-#?, pp. 187-221, 363-393.
-F. Hahn (1962). "On the Stability of Pure Exchange Equilibrium". IER, V.3-#?, pp. 206-213.
-M. Morishima (1962). "The Stability of Exchange Equilibrium: An Alternative Approach". IER;V.3-#?, pp.
-F. Hahn and T. Negishi (1962). "A Theorem on Non-Tâtonnement Stability". Etrica; V.30-#?,pp. 463-469.
-T. Negishi (1972). "The Stability of Non-Tâtonnement Processes". in General EquilibirumTheory and International Trade. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 207-227.
-F. Fisher (1976). "A Non-tâtonnement Model with Production and Consumption". Etrica; V.44-#?, pp. 907-938.
-E. Zabel (1993). "Equilibrium, Stability, and Price Adjustments in Competitive Markets". in R.Becker, M. Boldrin, R. Jones and W. Thomson, eds. General Equilibrium, Growth, and Trade II.San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 181-202.
B. Reciprocal Demand and Trade in The Neoclassical Model
1. Overviews
-J. Chipman (1965). "A Survey of the Theory of International Trade: Part 2, The Neo-ClassialTheory". Etrica; V.33-#4, pp. 685-760.
-A. Takayama (1982). "On Theorems of General Competitive Equilibrium of Production andTrade--A Survey of Some Recent Developments in the Theory of International Trade". KES.V.19-#?, pp. 1-37.
-H. Thompson (1987). "A Review of Advancements in the General Equilibrium Theory ofProduction and Trade". KES; V.24-#?, pp. 43-62.
-J. Chipman (1987). "International Trade". in J. Eatwell, et al. eds., The New PalgraveDictionary of Ecnomics. London: Macmillan, pp. 922-955.
-G. Gandolfo (1987). "The Neoclassical Theory of International Trade". Chapter 3 ofInternational Economics, I: The Pure Theory of International Trade. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,pp. 33-175.
2. Basic Analysis
a. Opportunity Cost
-A. Lerner (1932). "The Diagrammatical Representation of Cost Conditions in InternationalTrade". Eca; V.12-#?, pp. 346-356.
-G. Haberler (1930). "The Theory of Comparative Costs and Its Use in the Defense of FreeTrade". WA; V.32-#?, pp. 349-370.
-J. Viner (1937). "Gains from Trade: The Doctrive of Comparative Costs". Chapter 8 in Studiesin the Theory of International Trade. Clifton: A.M. Kelley, pp. 437-526.
-J. Vanek (1959). "An Afterthought on the Real Cost-Opportunity Cost Dispute and SomeAspects of General Equilibrium under Conditions of Variable Factor Supplies". REStud; V.26-#?,pp. 198-208.
-M. Chacholiades (1973). "Opportunity Cost". Chapter 4 of The Pure Theory of InternationalTrade. Chicago: Aldine, pp. 81-117.
b. Demand in Neoclassical Trade Theory
-W. Leontief (1933). "The Use of Indifference Curves in the Analysis of Foreign Trade". QJE;V.48-#?, pp. 493-503.
-A. Lerner (1934). "The Diagrammatical Representation of Demand Conditions in InternationalTrade". Eca; V.1-#?, pp. 319-334.
-M. Chacholiades (1973). "Community Indifference and Comparative Advantage". Chapter 5 ofThe Pure Theory of International Trade. Chicago: Aldine, pp. 118-140.
c. International Equilibrium
-A. Marshall (1879). The Pure Theory of Foreign Trade. London: LSE&PS
-A. Marshall (1923). Money, Credit and Commerce. London: Macmillan.
-F.Y. Edgeworth (1894). "The Theory of International Values". EJ; V.4-#?,pp. Part I: 35-56; PartII: 424-443; Part III: 606-638.
-T.O. Yntema (1932). A Mathematical Reformulation of the General Theory of InternationalTrade. Chicago: University of Chicagoe Press.
-J.L. Mosak (1944). General-Equilibrium Theory in International Trade. Cowles CommissionMonograph #7.
-H. Nikaido (1956). "On the Classical Multilateral Exchange Problem". Metroeconomica; V.8-#?, pp. 135-145.
-R. Baldwin (1948). "Equilibrium in International Trade: A Diagrammatic Analysis". QJE;V.62-#?, pp. 748-762.
-J. Meade (1952). A Geometry of International Trade. London: Allen and Unwin.
-J. Bhagwati and H.G. Johnson (1960). "Notes on Some Controversies in the Theory ofInternational Trade". EJ; V. 70-#?, pp. 74-93.
-R. Mundell (1960). "The Pure Theory of International Trade". AER; V.60-#1, pp. 67-110. [alsoChapters 2 and 3 of Mundell's (1968) International Economics.]
-M. Chacholiades (1973). "International Equilibirum". Chapter 5 of The Pure Theory ofInternational Trade. Chicago: Aldine, pp. 141-169.
-R. Jones and E. Berglas (1977). "Import Demand and Export Supply: An AggregationTheorem". AER; V.67-#2, pp. 183-187.
3. Stability
-R. Jones (1961). "Stability Conditions in International Trade: A General Equilibrium Analysis".IER; V.2-#2, pp. 199-209.
-M. Kemp (1964). "A Trading World--Stability Conditions". Chapter 5 of The Pure Theory ofInternational Trade. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, pp. 59-71.
-A. Amano (1968). "Stability Conditions in the Pure Theory of International Trade: ARehabilitation of the Marshallian Approach". QJE; V.82-#2, pp. 326-339.
-T. Negishi (1972). "The Stability of Foreign Exchange". Chapter 15 in General EquilibriumTheory and International Trade. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 228-243.
-A. Takayama (1972). "The Marshall-Lerner Condition and the Neoclassical System ofInternational Trade Policy". Chapter 8 of International Trade. New York: Holt, Rinehart andWinston, pp. 215-250.
-A. Amano (1971). "Stability Conditions in the Real and Monetary Models of InternationalTrade". in L. DiMarco, ed. International Economics and Development. New York: AcademicPres, pp. 47-59.
-M. Tawada (1989). "The Stability Properties of Trade Equilibrium". Production Structure andInternational Trade. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 5-20.
-M. Tawada (1989). "The Stability of Dynamic Processes Allowing for InstantaneousAdjustment". Appendix 1 of Production Structure and International Trade. Berlin: Springer-
Verlag, pp. 104-111.
-S. Katayama, M. Okamura and M. Tawada (1991). "The Stability of Dynamic Processes withInstantaneous Adjustment and the Pure Theory of International Trade". in A. Takayama, M.Ohyama and H. Ohta, eds. Trade, Policy and International Adjustments. San Diego: AcademicPress, pp. 285-294.
4. Modelling Import Demand and Supply
a. Aggregate Import Demand
-S.P. Magee (1975). “Prices, Incomes, and Foreign Trade”. in P. Kenen, ed. International Tradeand Finance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.
-M. Goldstein and M.S. Khan (1985). “Income and Price Effects in Foreign Trade”. in Jones andKenen, eds. Handbook of International Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, II: pp. 1041-1105.
-G. Orcutt (1950). “Measurement of Price Elasticities in International Trade”. REStat; V.32-#?,pp.
-D. Morgan and W. Corlett (1951). “The Influence of Price in International Trade: A Study inMethod”. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society--Series A; V.
-M. Kemp (1962). “Errors of Measurement and Bias in Estimates of Import DemandParameters”. EcRec; V.38-#?, pp. 369-372.
-N. Kakwani (1972). “On the Bias in Estimates of Import Demand Parameters”. EcRec; V.38-#?,pp. 239-244.
-M. Kreinin (1967). “Price Elasticities in International Trade”. REStat; V.49-#?, pp. 510-516.
-H. Houthaker and S.P. Magee (1969). “Income and Price Elasticities in World Trade”. REStat;V.51-#?, pp. 111-125.
-R.J. Ball and K. Marwah (1962). “The US Demand for Imports, 1948-1958”. REStat; V.44-#?,pp. 395-401.
-M. Khan and K. Ross (1977). “The Functional Form of the Aggregate Import DemandEquation”. JIE; V.7-#?, pp. 149-160.
-M. Goldstein and M. Khan (1978). “The Supply and Demand for Exports: A SimultaneousApproach”. REStat; V.60-#?, pp. 275-286.
-R. Stern, C. Baum and M. Greene (1979). “Evidence on Structural Change in the Demand forAggregate US Imports and Exports”. JPE; V.87-#1, pp. 179-192.
-T. Boylan, M. Cuddy and I. O’Muircheartaigh (1980). “The Functional Form of the AggregateImport Demand Equation: A Comparison of Three European Economies”. JIE; V.10-#?, pp. 561-566.
-B. Zilberfarb (1980). “Domestic Demand Pressure, Relative Prices and the Export SupplyEquation”. Eca; V.47-#?, pp. 443-450.
-U. Kohli (1982). “Relative Price Effects and Demand for Imports”. CJE; V.15-#?, pp. 205-219.
-P.A. Volker (1982). “On the US Import Demand Function: A Comment”. JPE; V.90-#?, pp.1295-1299.
-S. Haynes and J. Stone (1983). “Secular and Cyclical Responses of US Trade to Income: AnEvaluation of Traditional Models”. REStat; V.65-#?, pp. 87-95.
-S. Haynes and J. Stone (1983). “Specification of Supply Behavior in International Trade”.REStat; V.65-#?, pp. 626-632.
-D. Warner and M. Kreinin (1983). “Determinants of International Trade Flows”. REStat; V.65-#?, pp. 96-104.
-K. Maskus (1983). “Evidence on Shifts in the Determinants of US Manufacturing ForeignTrade”. REStat; V.65-#?, pp. 415-422.
-J. Thursby and M. Thursby (1984). “How Reliable are Simple, Single Equation Specifications ofImport Demand”. REStat; V.66-#?, pp. 120-128.
-J. Marquez and C. McNeilly (1988). “Income and Price Elasticities for Exports of DevelopingCountries”. REStat; V.70-#?, pp. 306-314.
-R. Faini, L. Pritchett, and F. Clavijo (1992). “Import Demand in Developing Countries”. in M.Dagenais and P. Muett, eds. International Trade Modeling. New York: Chapman and Hall, pp.279-297.
-R. Clarida (1994). “Cointegration, Aggregate Consumption, and the Demand for Imports: AStructural Econometric Investigation”. AER; V.84-#1, pp. 298-308.
-A. Senhadji (1998). “Time-Series Estimation of Structural Import Demand Equations: A Cross-Country Analysis”. IMFSP; V.45-#2, pp. 236-268.
b. Disaggregated Import Elasticities
-R. Frisch (1959). “A Complete Scheme for Computing All Direct and Cross Elasticies in aModel with Many Sectors”. Etrica; V.27-#?, pp. 177-196.
-P. Armington (1969). “A Theory of Demand for Products Distinguished by Place of Production”.IMFSP; V.16-#?, pp. 159-176.
-B. Hickman and L. Lau (1973). “Elasticities of Substitution and Export Demands in a WorldTrade Model”. EER; V.4-#?, pp. 347-380.
-J. Price and J. Thornblade (1972). “US Import Demand Functions Disaggregated by Countryand Commodity”. SEJ; V.39-#?, pp. 46-57.
-M. Kreinin (1973). “Disaggregated Foreign Demand Functions--Further Results”. SEJ; V.40-#?,pp. 19-25.
-J.D. Richardson (1976). “Some Issues in the Structural Determination of International PriceResponsiveness”. in H. Glejser, ed. Quantitative Studies in International Economic Relations.Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp.
-R. Stern, J. Francis, and B. Schumacker (1976). Price Elasticities in International Trade.London: Basingstoke.
-J. Mutti (1977). “The Specification of Demand Equations for Imports and DomesticSubstitutes”. SEJ; V.44-#?, pp. 68-73.
-J. Stone (1979). “Price Elasticities of the Demand for Imports and Exports: Industry Estimatesfor the US, the EEC, and Japan”. REStat; V.61-#?, pp. 306-312.
-C. Hamilton (1980). “Import Elasticities at a Disaggregated Level: The Case of Sweden”.ScanJE; V.4-#?, pp. 449-463.
-G.M. Grossman (1982). “Import Competition from Developed and Developing Countries”.REStat; V.64-#?, pp. 271-281.
-D. Rousslang and S. Parker (1984). “Cross-Price Elasticities of US Import Demand”. REStat;V.66-#?, pp. 518-523.
-U. Lächler (1985). “The Elasticity of Substitution between Imported and Domestically ProducedGoods in Germany”. WA; V.121-#?, pp. 74-96.
-C. Shiells, R. Stern and A. Deardorff (1986). “Estimates of Elasticities of Substitution betweenImports and Home Goods for the US”. WA; V.122-#?, pp. 497-519. [Comment by D. Rousslangand response, WA; 1989, V.125-#?, pp. 366-374.]
-K. Reinert and D. Roland-Holst (1992). “Armington Elasticities for US Manufacturing Sectors”.Journal of Policy Modelling; V.14-#?, pp. 631-639.
-C. Shiells and K. Reinert (1993). “Armington Models and Terms-of-Trade Effects: SomeEconometric Evidence for North America”. CJE; V.26-#2, pp. 299-316.
-D. Tarr (1990). “A Modified Cournot Aggregation Condition for Obtaining Cross-Elasticities ofDemand”. Eastern Economic Journal; V.16-#3, pp. 257-264.
-L.A. Winters (1984). “Separability and the Specification of Foreign Trade Functions”. JIE;V.17-#?, pp. 239-263.
-P. DeBoer, R. Harkema and B. vanHeeswijk (1987). “Estimating Foreign Trade Functions: AComment and a Correction”. JIE; V.22-#?, pp. 369-373.
-L.A. Winters (1985). “Separability and the Modelling of International Economic Integration:U.K. Exports to Five Industrial Countries”. EER; V.27-#?, pp. 335-353.
-P. Brenton (1989). “The Allocation Approach to Trade Modelling: Some Tests of Separabilitybetween Imports and Domestic Production and between Different Imported Commodity Groups”.WA; V125-#?, pp. 230-251.
-J. Alston, C. Carter, R. Green, and D. Pick (1990). “Whither Armington Trade Models?”.American Journal of Agricultural Economics; V.72-#?, pp. 455-467.
-R. Green and J. Alston (1990). “Elasticities in AIDS Models”. American Journal of AgriculturalEconomics; V.72-#?, pp. 442-445.
-P. DeBoer, C. Martinez, and R. Harkema (2000). “Trade Liberalization and the Allocation Over
Domestic and Foreign Supplies: A Case Study for Spanish Manufacturing”. Applied Economics;V.32-#?, pp. 789-799.
5. Duality and Estimation of Neoclassical Models of International Trade
-A.D. Woodland (1982). “Empirical Studies”. Chapter 12 in International Trade and ResourceAllocation. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 365-399.
-U. Kohli (1991). Technology, Duality and Foreign Trade. Ann Arbor: University of MichiganPress.
-D.F. Burgess (1974). “Production Theory and the Derived Demand for Imports”. JIE; V.4-#2,pp. 103-107.
-D.F. Burgess (1974). “A Cost Minimization Approach to Import Demand Equations”. REStat;V.56-#2, pp. 225-234.
-U. Kohli (1978). “A Gross National Product Function and the Derived Demand for Imports andSupply of Exports”. CJE; V.11-#2, pp. 167-182.
-U. Kohli (1983). “Technology and the Demand for Imports”. SEJ; V.50-#?, pp. 137-150.
-U. Kohli (1981). “Nonjointness and Factor Intensity in US Production”. IER; V.22-#1, pp. 3-18.
-U. Kohli (1983). “Nonjoint Technologies”. REStud; V.50-#?, pp. 209-219.
-U. Kohli (1983). “The le Chatelier Principle and Demand for Imports in the Short run and theMedium Run, Australia 1959/60-1978/79”. EcRec; V.59-#?, pp. 149-165.
-U. Kohli (1985). “US Imports by Origin: A System Approach”. WA; V.121-#?, pp. 741-754.
-U. Kohli and E. Morey (1988). “U.S. Imports by Origin: A Characteristics Approach”.KYKLOS; V.41-#1, pp. 51-74.
-U. Kohli (1990). “Price and Quantity Elasticities in US Foreign Trade”. EcLets; V.33-#?, pp.277-281.
-B. Apostolakis (1984). “Substitution between Imports and Primary Inputs in the Netherlands,1953-1977”. Eastern Economic Journal; V.10-#1, pp. 43-50.
-B. Apostolakis (1984). “A Translogarithmic Cost Function Approach: Greece, 1953-1977”.Empirical Economics; V.9-#?, pp. 247-262.
-B.Y. Aw and M. Roberts (1985). “The Role of Imports from the Newly-Industrializing Countriesin U.S. Production”. REStat; V.67-#1, pp.109-117.
-W.E. Diewert and C. Morrison (1988). “Export Supply and Import Demand Functions: AProduction Theory Approach”. in R. Feenstra, ed. Empirical Methods for International Trade.Chicago: University of Chicago Press/NBER, pp. 207-222.
-U. Kohli (1992). “Production, Foreign Trade, and Global Curvature Conditions”. Swiss Journalof Economics and Statistics; V.128-#1, pp. 3-20.
-U. Kohli (1993). “A Symmetric Normalized Quadratic GNP Function and the U.S. Demand forImports and Supply of Exports”. IER; V.34-#1, pp. 243-255.
-U. Kohli (1994). “Canadian Imports and Exports by Origin and Destination: A Semi-FlexibleApproach”. CJE; V.27-#3, pp. 580-603.
-U. Kohli (1998). “The Geographical Composition of Swiss Foreign Trade: A SemiflexibleApproach”. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Volkswirtschaft und Statistik/Swiss Journal ofEconomics and Statistics; V.134-#1, pp. 41-62.
-U. Kohli (1998). “Semiflexibility vs. Flexibility: U.S. Imports and Exports by CommodityGroup”. International Review of Economics and Finance; V.7-#1, pp. 1-21.
-C. Tombazos (1998). “U.S. Production Technology and the Effects of Imports on the Demandfor Primary Factors”. REStat; V.80-#?, pp. 480-483.
-C. Tombazos (1999). “The Impact of Imports on the Demand for Labor in Australia”. EcLets;V.62-#3, pp. 351-356.
-C. Tombazos (1999). “The Role of Imports in Expanding the Demand Gap Between Skilled andUnskilled Labour in the U.S.”. Applied Economics; V.31-#4, pp. 509-517.
-R. López (1995). “Synergy and Investment Efficiency Effects of Trade and Labor MarketDistortions”. EER; V.39-#7, pp. 1321-1344.
-U. Kohli (1994). “Technological Biases in U.S. Aggregate Production”. Journal of ProductivityAnalysis; V.5-#1, pp. 5-22.
-E. Appelbaum and U. Kohli (1997). “Import Price Uncertainty and the Distribution of Income”.Review of Economics and Statistics; V.79-#4, pp. 620-630.
-E. Appelbaum and U. Kohli (1998). “Import-Price Uncertainty, Production Decisions, andRelative Factor Shares”. RIE; V.6-#3, pp. 345-360.
-J. Chipman (1978). "Towards the Construction of an Optimal Aggregate Model of InternationalTrade: West Germany, 1963-1975". Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, V.6-#??, pp.535-554.
-J. Chipman (1981). "A General Equilibrium Framework for Analyzing the Responses of Importsand Exports to External Prices: An Aggregation Theorem". in G. Bamberg and O. Opitz, eds.Methods of Operations Research, V.44. Königstein: Verlag Anton Hain, pp. 43-56.
-J. Chipman (1981). "Internal-External Price Relationships in the West German Economy, 1958-1979". Zeitschrift für die gesamte Staatswissenschaft; V.137-#?, pp. 612-637.
-J. Chipman (1983). "Dynamic Adjustment of Internal Prices to External Price Changes, FederalRepublic of Germany, 1958-1979: An Application of Rank-Reduced Distributed-Lag Estimationby Spline Functions". in W. Eichorn, et al. Quantitative Studies on Production and Prices.Wurzburg: Physica Verlag, Rudolf Liebing, pp. 195-230.
-J. Chipman (1985). "Relative Prices, Capital Movements, and Sectoral Technical Change:Theory and an Empirical Test". in K. Jungenfelt and D. Hague, eds. Structural Adjustment inDeveloped Open Economies. New York: St. Martins, pp. 395-454.
-J. Chipman (1985). "Estimation of Net-Import Demand Functions for the Federal Republic ofGermany, 1959-1982". in H. Giersch, ed. Probleme und Perspektiven der weltwirtschaftlichenEntwicklung. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 197-213.
-J. Chipman, A. Eymann, G. Ronning and G. Tian (1992). "Estimating Price Responses ofGerman Imports and Exports". in European Integration in the World Economy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 574-601.
-K.-y. Wong (1988). "International Factor Mobility and the Volume of Trade: An EmpiricalStudy". in R. Feenstra, ed. Empirical Methods in International Trade. Cambridge: MIT Press,pp. 231-250.
-D. Lawrence (1989). “An Aggregator Model of Canadian Export Supply and Import DemandResponsiveness”. CJE; V.22-#?, pp. 503-521.
-J. Newman, V. Lavy and P. de Vreyer (1995). “Export and Output Supply Functions withEndogenous Domestic Prices”. JIE; V.38-#1/2, pp. 119-141.
-J. Harrigan (1997). “Technology, Factor Supplies, and International Specialization: Estimatingthe Neoclassical Model”. AER; V.87-#4, pp. 475-494.
-B. Skoora (2000). “Measuring Market Distortion: International Comparisons, Policy andCompetitiveness”. Applied Economics; V.32-#?, pp. 253-264.
-W.E. Diewert and C. Morrison (1986). “Adjusting Output and Productivity Indexes for Changesin the Terms of Trade”. EJ; V.96-#?, pp. 659-679.
-C. Morrison and W. E. Diewert (1990). “Productivity Growth and Changes in the Terms ofTrade in Japan and the US”. Productivity Growth in Japan and the US. Chicago: University ofChicago Press/NBER, pp. 201-227.
-A. Cas, W.E. Diewert and L. Ostensoe (1988). “Productivity Growth and Changes in the Termsof Trade in Canada”. in R. Feenstra, ed. Empirical Methods in International Trade. Cambridge:MIT Press, pp. 279-294.
-U. Kohli (1990). “Growth Accounting in the Open Economy: Parametric and NonparametricEstimates”. Journal of Economic and Social Measurement; V.16-#3, pp. 125-136.
-U. Kohli (1993). “GNP Growth Accounting in the Open Economy: Parametric andNonparametric Estimates for Switzerland”. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Volkswirtschaft undStatistik/Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics; V.129-#4, pp. 601-615.
-K. Fox and U. Kohli (1998). “GDP Growth, Terms-of-Trade Effects, and Total FactorProductivity”. Journal of International Trade and Economic Development; V.7-#1, pp. 87-110.
-U. Kohli (1997). “Accounting for Recent Economic Growth in Southeast Asia”. Review ofDevelopment Economics; V.1-#3, pp. 245-256.
-U. Kohli and A. Werner (1998). “Accounting for South Korean GDP Growth: Index-Numberand Econometric Estimates”. Pacific Economic Review; V.3-#2, pp. 133-152.
IV. SPECIFIC FACTORS AND TRADE: THE RICARDO-VINER MODEL
A. Structure of the RV Model
1. The Basic RV Model
-R. Jones (1971). "A Three-Factor Model in Theory, Trade and History". in J. Bhagwati, et al.Trade, Balance of Payments and Growth. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 3-21.
-P. Samuelson (1971). "An Exact Hume-Ricardo-Marshall Model of International Trade". JIE;V.1-#1, pp. 1-18.
-P. Samuelson (1971). "Ohlin was Right". SwedJE; V.73-#4, pp. 365-384.
-W. Mayer (1974). "Short-run and Long-run Equilibrium for a Small Open Economy". JPE;V.82-#5, pp. 955-967.
-J.P. Neary (1978). "Short-Run Capital Specificity and the Pure Theory of International Trade". EJ; V.88-#?, pp. 488-510.
-A.G. Schweinberger (1980). "Medium Run Resource Allocation and Short-Run CapitalSpecificity". EJ; V.90-#?, pp. 330-340.
-U. Kohli (1993). "US Technology and the Specific-Factors Model". JIE; V.34-#1/2, pp. 115-136.
-K. Okuguchi (1977). "Factor Specificity and the Rybczynski Theorem". in T. Fuji and R. Sato,eds. Resource Allocation and the Division of Space. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
-W. Mayer and J. Li (1993). "Production Indivisibilities in a Short-Run Trade Model". in W.Ethier, E. Helpman and J.P. Neary, eds. Theory, Policy and Dynamics in International Trade.Cambridge: CUP, pp. 91-106.
-R. Findlay (1993). "International Trade and Factor Mobility with an Endogenous LandFrontier". in W. Ethier, E. Helpman and J.P. Neary, eds. Theory, Policy and Dynamics inInternational Trade. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 38-54.
2. The Gruen-Corden Model
-F. Gruen and W.M. Corden (1970). “A Tariff that Worsens the Terms of Trade”. In I.McDougall and R. Snape, eds. Studies in International Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-R. Falvey (1978). "Trade Policies and Industrialization". EcRec; V.?-#?, pp. 256-260.
-R. Jones and S. Marjit (1992). "International Trade and Endogenous Production Structures". inW. Neuefeind and R. Riezman, eds. Economic Theory and International Trade. New York:Springer, pp. 173-195.
-S. Marjit (1990). "A Simple Production Model in Trade and Its Applications". EcLets; V.32-#?,pp. 257-260.
-S. Marjit (1993). "Uniform Tariffs in General Equilibrium--A Simple Model". ZfN; V.57-#2, pp.189-196.
3. Imperfect Factor Mobility in the RV Model
-M. Mussa (1982). "Imperfect Factor Mobility and the Distribution of Income". JIE; V.12-#?, pp.125-141.
-G. Grossman (1983). "Partially Mobile Capital": A General Approach to Two-Sector TradeTheory". JIE; V.15-#?, pp. 1-17.
-J. Hill and J. Mendez (1983). "Factor Mobility in the General Equilibrium Model ofProduction". JIE; V.15-#?, pp. 19-25.
-F. Casas (1984). "Imperfect Factor Mobility: A Generalization and Synthesis of Two-SectorModels of International Trade". CJE; V.17-#4, pp. 745-761.
-E.S.H. Yu and A. Parai (1989). "Factor Immobility and the Gains from Trade". SEJ; V.?-#?, pp.601-609.
-H. Beladi and A. Parai (1993). "Sluggish Intersectoral Factor Movements and Alternative TradePolicies". SEJ; V.59-#4, pp. 760-767.
4. Dynamic Analysis and Stability
-M. Kemp and H. Wan (1974). "Hysteresis of Long-Run Equilibrium from Realistic AdjustmentCosts". in G. Horwich and P. Samuelson, eds. Trade, Stability and Macroeconomics. NewYork: Academic Press, pp. 221-242.
-H. Lapan (1976). "International Trade, Factor Market Distortions, and the Optimal DynamicSubsidy". AER; V.66-#3, pp. 335-346. (Comments by Cassing/Ochs AER V.68-#5, pp. 950-959,and Ray V.69-#4, pp. 715-720.)
-K. Okuguchi (1976). "Product Price Change and Inter-sectoral Re-Allocation of SpecificFactors". EcRec; V.?-#?, pp. 496-504.
-M. Kemp, Y. Kimura and K. Okuguchi (1977). "Monotonicity Properties of a DynamicalVersion of the Heckscher-Ohlin Model of Production". ESQ; V.28-#3, pp. 249-253.
-Y. Kimura, H. Kondo and M. Tawada (1993). "A Little More on the Dynamic Properties of aHeckscher-Ohlin Model". in H. Herberg and N.V. Long, eds., Trade, Welfare and EconomicPolicies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 37-50.
-M. Mussa (1978). "Dynamic Adjustment in the HOS Model". JPE; V.86-#5, pp. 775-791.
-J.P. Neary (1978). "Dynamic Stability and the Theory of Factor-Market Distortions". AER;V.68-#4, pp. 671-682. (comment by Herberg and Kemp, with response, AER, V70-#4, pp. 812-818.)
-J. Bhagwati, ed. (1982). Import Competition and Response. Chicago: University of ChicagoPress. (Section I, papers by Neary, Mussa, and Diamond)
-A. Drazen (1985). "State Dependence and Optimal Factor Accumulation". QJE; V.?-#?, pp.357-372.
-S. Landon (1990). "The Two-Sector Model and Production Technique in the Short Run and theLong Run". OEP; V.42-#?, pp. 429-445.
-Y. Takeoka (1991). "The Adjustment Cost and the Market Price of Factors of Production".Osaka Economic Papers; V.40-#3/4, pp. 393-402.
-R. Jones and P. Neary (1991). "Wage Sensitivity Rankings and Temporal Convergence". in E.Helpman and A. Razin, eds. International Trade and Trade Policy. Cambridge: MIT Press, pp.270-287.
-T. Ide and A. Takayama (1988). "Marshallian Stability and Factor-Market Distortions in aSmall Open Economy". ms: Southern Illinois University.
-T. Ide and A. Takayama (1988). "Marshallian Stability, Long-Run Equilibrium and the Patternof Specialization Under Factor-Market Distortions in the Pure Theory of International Trade". EcLets; V.27-#?, pp. 265-270.
-J. Markusen and R. Manning (1993). "Long-run Production Frontiers for the Jones SpecificFactors Model with Optimal Capital Accumulation". in W. Ethier, E. Helpman and J.P. Neary,eds. Theory, Policy and Dynamics in International Trade. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 252-267.
-A. Dixit (1989). "Intersectoral Capital Reallocation Under Price Uncertainty". JIE; V.26-#?, pp.309-325.
-A. Dixit (1993). "Prices of Goods and Factors in a Dynamic Stochastic Economy". in W. Ethier,E. Helpman and J.P. Neary, eds. Theory, Policy and Dynamics in International Trade.Cambridge: CUP, pp. 175-190.
B. Trade Policy in the RV Model
1. Tariffs and Income Distribution
-M. Mussa (1974). "Tariffs and the Distribution of Income: The Importance of Specificity,Substitutability, and Intensity in the Short and Long Run". JPE. V.82-#5, pp. 1191-1203.
-R. Jones (1975). "Income Distribution and Effective Protection in a Multicommodity TradeModel". JET; V.11-#1, pp. 1-15.
-R. Ruffin and R. Jones (1977). "Protection and Real Wages: The Neoclassical Ambiguity". JET. V.14-#?, pp. 337-348.
-J. Cassing (1986). "A Note on the Welfare Cost of a Tariff". Eastern Economic Journal; V.12-#2, pp. 144-148.
-E. Berglas and A. Razin (1974). "Protection and Real Profits". CJE; V.7-#4, pp. 655-664.
-D.G. Ferguson (1982). "Protection, Real Incomes and Aggregate Factor Substitution". IER;V.23-#3, pp. 735-743.
-H. Thompson (1989). "Do Tariffs Protect Specific Factors". CJE. V.22-#2, pp. 406-412.
-D. Burgess (1980). "Protection, Real Wages, and the Neoclassical Ambiguity with InterindustryFlows". JPE. V.88-#4, pp. 783-802.
-A. Hosios (1982). "Short-Run and Long-Run Equilibrium for a Small Open Economy with anIntermediate Good". JIE. V.13-#?, pp. 143-161.
-P.J. Lloyd (1987). "Protection Policy and the Assignment Rule". in H. Kierzkowski, ed.Protection and Competition in International Trade. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 4-21.
-A.K. Parai (1991). "Tariffs and Income Distribution under Domestic Monopoly". JIEI; V.6-#1,pp. 52-63.
-R. Jones (1996). “International Trade, Real Wages, and Technical Progress: TheSpecific-Factors Model”. International Review of Economics and Finance; V.5-#2, pp. 113-124.
2. Unemployment and Trade in the RV Model
-R. Batra and H. Beladi (1988). "Specific Factors, Unemployment and Trade Theory". WA;V.124-#?, pp. 435-443.
-R. Batra and H. Beladi (1990). "Pattern of Trade Between Underemployed Economies". Eca;V.57-#?, pp. 485-493.
-H. Beladi, B. Biswas and G. Tribedy (1990). "Optimum Trade Intervention in a Labour-SurplusEconomy". Scottish Journal of Political Economy; V.37-4; pp. 396-404.
-R. Batra (1992). "The Fallacy of Free Trade". RIE; V.1-#1, pp. 19-31.
-R. Batra and D. Slottje (1993). "Trade Policy and Poverty in the US: Theory and Evidence,1947-1990". RIE; V.1-#3, pp. 189-208.
3. Dynamics of Trade Liberalization Policy
-E. Leamer (1980). "Welfare Computations and the Optimal Staging of Tariff Reductions inModels with Adjustment Costs". JIE; V.10-#?, pp. 21-36.
-J. Aizenman (1983). "Dynamics of Trade Liberalization Policy". JDevEc; V.13-#?, pp. 133-142.
-E. Buffie (1984). "The Macroeconomics of Trade Liberalization". JIE; V.17-#?, pp. 121-137.
-M. Mussa (1986). "The Adjustment Process and the Timing of Trade Liberalization". in A.Choksi and D. Papageorgiou, eds. Economic Liberalization in Developing Countries. Oxford:Blackwell, pp. 68-124.
4. Dutch Disease
-R. Eastwood and A. Venables (1982). "The Macroeconomic Implications of a ResourceDiscovery in an Open Economy". EJ; V.92-#?, pp. 285-299. [Comment by Neary andWijnbergen, EJ; V.94-#?, pp. 390-395.
-K. Norman and R. Jones (1980). "A Model of Trade and Unemployment". in J. Green and J.Scheinkman, eds. General Equilibrium, Growth and Trade. New York: Academic Press, pp. 297-322.
-W.M. Corden and J.P. Neary (1982). "Booming Sector and Deindustrialization in a Small OpenEconomy". EJ; V.92-#?, pp. 825-848.
-W. Buiter and D. Purvis (1982). "Oil, Disinflation and Export Competitiveness: A Model of theDutch Disease". in J. Bhandari and B. Putnam, eds. Economic Interdependence and Flexible
Exchange Rates. Cambridge: MIT.
-J.P. Neary and D. Purvis (1982). "Sectoral Shocks in a Dependent Economy: Long-runAdjustment and Short-run Accomodation". ScanJE; V.84-#2, pp. 229-253.
-J.P. Neary and D. Purvis (1983). "Real Adjustment and Exchange Rate Dynamics". in J.Frenkel, ed. Exchange Rates and International Macroeconomics. Chicago: University of ChicagoPress, pp. 285-308.
-N.V. Long (1983). "The Effect of a Booming Export Sector on the Rest of the Economy".EcRec; V.59-#1, pp. 57-60.
-S. Wijnbergen (1984). "The Dutch Disease: A Disease After All". EJ; V.94-#?, pp. 41-45.
-J.P. Neary (1984). "Real and Monetary Aspects of the Dutch Disease". in K. Jungenfeld, ed.Structural Adjustment in Developed Open Economies. London: Macmillan, pp.
-J. Cassing and P. Warr (1985). "The Distributional Impact of a Resource Boom". JIE; V.15-#?,pp.
-W.M. Corden (1984). "Booming Sector and Dutch Disease Economics: Survey andConsolidation". OEP; V.35-#?, pp. 359-380.
-R. Jones (1986). "The Dutch Disease: A Trade Theoretic Perspective". in J.P. Neary and S. vanWijnbergen, eds. Natural Resources and the Economy. Oxford: Blackwell
-R. Jones, J.P. Neary and F. Ruane (1987). "Interntational Capital Mobility and the DutchDisease". in H. Kierzkowski, ed. Protection and Competition in International Trade. Oxford:Blackwell, pp. 86-98.
V. FACTOR PROPORTIONS AND THE HECKSCHER-OHLIN-SAMUELSON THEORY
A. Structure of the HOS Model
1. Surveys/Overviews
-J. Chipman (1966). "A Survey of the Theory of International Trade: Part 3, The ModernTheory". Etrica; V.34-#1, pp. 18-76.
-E. Leamer (1984). "Theories of International Trade". Chapter 1 of Sources of InternationalComparative Advantage: Theory and Evidence. Cambridge: MIT, pp. 1-44.
-R. Jones (1987). "Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory". in J. Eatwell, M. Milgate and P. Newman,eds. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. New York: Stockton Press, pp. 620-627.
-W. Ethier (1987). "The Theory of International Trade". in L. Officer, ed. InternationalEconomics. Boston: Kluwer, pp. 1-57.
-B. Hamminga (1983). Neoclassical Theory Structure and Theory Development: An Emprirical-Philosophical Case Study Concerning the Theory of International Trade. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
2. The 2x2 Model
-K. Lancaster (1957). "The Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Model: A Geometric Treatment". Eca; V.?-#?, pp. 19-39.
-H.G. Johnson (1971). The Two-Sector Model of General Equilibrium. London: Allen andUnwin.
-A. Takayama (1972). "The Mathematical Structure of a Two-Sector Economy". Chapter 2 ofInternational Trade. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, pp. 43-68.
-M. Kemp (1969). "A Simple Closed Economy". Chapter 1 of The Pure Theory of InternationalTrade and Investment. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, pp. 5-29.
-R. Jones (1965). "The Structure of Simple General Equilibrium Models". JPE; V.73-#6, pp.557-572.
-R. Jones (1965). "Duality in International Trade: A Geometric Note". CJE; V.31-#3, pp. 390-393.
-A. Woodland (1977). "A Dual Approach to Equilibrium in the Production Sector inInternational Trade Theory". CJE; V.10-#1, pp. 50-68.
-M. Ikema (1978). “On the Factor-Price Frontier in the Pure Theory of International Trade”.Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics; V.18-#2, pp. 62-75.
-M. Mussa (1979). "The Two Sector Model in Terms of its Dual: A Geometric Exposition". JIE;V.9-#4, pp. 513-526.
-U. Kohli (1983). "Production in the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson Model of International TradeTheory: A Simple Mathematical Treatment". Journal of Economic Studies; V.10-#2, pp. 42-49.
-U. Kohli (1995). “Stolper-Samuelson-Like and Rybczynski-Like Results in 2 x 2 ProductionModels”. Journal of International Trade and Economic Development; V.4-#1, pp. 63-79.
-R. Jones (1977). “‘Two-ness’ in Trade Theory: Costs and Benefits”. Special Papers inInternational Economics #12.
3. Dimensional Generalizations of the 2x2 Model
-W. Ethier (1984). "Higher Dimensional Issues in Trade Theory". in R. Jones and P. Kenen, eds.Handbook of International Economics--Vol. 1. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 131-184.
-A. Dixit and V. Norman (1980). "Comparative Statics". Chapter 4 of Theory of InternationalTrade. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 127-164.
B. Basic Results from the HOS Model
1. Factor-Price Equalization (FPE)
-F. Rassekh and H. Thompson (1991). "The Status of the FPE Theorem". JEI; V.8-#1, pp. 1-32.
a. Basic Analysis
-P. Samuelson (1948). "International Trade and the Equalization of Factor-Prices". EJ; V.58-#230, pp. 163-184.
-P. Samuelson (1949). "International FPE Once Again". EJ; V.59-#234, pp. 181-197.
-A. Lerner (1952). "Factor-Prices in International Trade". Eca; V.19-#73, pp. 1-15. [Commentby Pearce on pp. 16-18.]
-J. Meade (1950). "The Equalization of Factor Prices: The Two-Country, Two-Factor, Three-Product Case". Metroeconomica; V.2-#?, pp. 129-133.
-I. Pearce (1951-52). "The FPE Myth". REStud; V.19-#2, pp. 111-119. [Comment by Samuelson,V.19-#2, pp. 121-122.]
-H.G. Johnson (1957). "Factor Endowments, International Trade and Factor Prices". MS; V.25-#3, pp. 270-283.
-R. Harrod (1958). "Factor-Price Relations under Free Trade". EJ; V.68-#?, pp. 245-255.
-I. Pearce (1959). "A Further Note on Factor-Commodity Price Relationships". EJ; V.69-#?, pp.725-732.
-A.H. Land (1959). "Factor Endowments and Factor Prices". Eca; V.26-#?, pp. 137-142.(mathematical appendix by H. Kuhn, pp. 142-144).
-H.G. Johnson (1967). "The Possibility of FPE when Commodities Outnumber Factors". Eca;V.34-#?, pp. 282-288.
-T. Bertrand (1970). "On FPE when Commodities Outnumber Factors: A Note". Eca; V.?-#?, pp.86-88.
-J. Melvin (1968). "Production and Trade with Two Factors and Three Goods". AER; V.58-#5,pp. 1249-1268.
-J. Vanek and T. Bertrand (1971). "Trade and Factor Prices in a Multi-Commodity World". in J.Bhagwati, et al. eds., Trade, Balance of Payments and Growth. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp.49-65.
-W.P. Travis (1972). "Production, Trade and Protection When There are Many Commodities andTwo Factors". AER; V.72-#?, pp. 87-106.
-W. Mayer (1976). "A Small Open Economy with More Produced Commodities than Factors".Etrica; V.44-#3, pp. 561-573.
-D. Stewart (1976). "Can Trade Widen the Difference Between Factor Rewards? Another Look atthe More-Goods-than-Factors Case". AER; V.66-#4, pp. 671-674.
-W.P. Travis (1964). "The Equalization Region". Chapter 1 of The Theory of Trade andProtection. Cambridge: Harvard, pp. 1-38.
-A. Dixit and V. Norman (1980). "Trade, Specialization, and Factor Prices". Chapter 4 in Theoryof International Trade. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 93-125.
-J. Chipman (1985). "Product Diversification, Equalization of Factor Rentals, and Consumer
Preferences". in H. Milde and H. Monissen, eds. Rational Wirtschaftspolitik in komplexenGesellschaften. Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, pp. 284-295.
-P. Joshi (1987). "The Heckscher-Ohlin Model and the FPE Theorem Under AlternativeConditions: A Geometrical Exposition". Indian Economic Journal; V.34-#3, pp. 92-108.
-G. McMahon (1988). "Dual FPE: Elements of a Theory". World Development; V.16-#8, pp.903-912.
-E.V. Morgan and G. Rees (1954). "Non-Traded Goods and FPE". Eca; V.21-#?, pp. 334-339.
-N.F. Laing (1961). "FPE in International Trade and Returns to Scale". EcRec; V.37-#?, pp. 339-351.
b. Dimensional Generalizations
(1) Global Univalence
-P. Samuelson (1953). "Prices of Factors and Goods in General Equilibrium". REStud; V.21-#54,pp. 1-20.
-D. Gale and H. Nikaido (1965). "The Jacobian Matrix and the Global Univalence of Mappings".Mathematische Annalen, V.159-#2, pp. 81-93.
-I. Pearce (1967). "More about FPE". IER; V.8-#3, pp. 255-270.
-L. McKenzie (1967). "The Inversion of Cost Functions: A Counter-Example and Theorem andCounter-Example". IER; V.8-#3, pp. 271-285.
-P. Samuelson (1967). "Summary on FPE". IER; V.8-#3, pp. 286-295.
-I. Pearce (1967). "Rejoinder to Professor Samuelson's Summary". IER; V.8-#3, pp. 300-306.
-I. Pearce (1970). "The FPE Controversey". Chapter 16 in International Trade. New York:Norton, pp. 476-529.
-H. Nikaido (1972). "Relative Shares and Factor Price Equalization". JIE; V.2-#?, pp. 257-263.
-A. Mas-Colell (1979). "Homeomorphisms of Compact, Convex Sets and the Jacobian Matrix".SIAM Journal of Mathematical Analysis; V.10-#6, pp. 1105-1109.
-A. Mas-Colell (1979). "Two Propositions on the Global Univalence of Systems of CostFunctions". in J. Green and J. Schienkaman, eds. General Equilibrium, Growth and Trade. SanDiego : Academic Press, pp. 323-331.
-T. Bandyopadhyay and T. Biswas (1994). “Global Univalence when Mappings are notNecessarily Continuous”. JMathE; V.23-#?, pp. 435-450.
(2) Cones of Diversification
-L. McKenzie (1955). "Equality of Factor Prices in World Trade". Etrica; V.23-#3, pp. 239-257.
-H. Uzawa (1959). "Prices of the Factors of Production in International Trade". Etrica; V.27-#3,pp. 448-468.
-H. Kuhn (1959). "Factor Endowments and Factor Prices: Mathematical Appendix”. Eca; V.26-#?, pp. 142-144.
-J. Chipman (1966). “Specialization and Diversification: The Kuhn Condition”. Etrica, V.34-#1,pp. 25-29. [section 3.3 in Part III of Chipman’s survey]
-W. Hong (1970). "The Heckscher-Ohlin Theory of FPE and the Indeterminacy of InternationalSpecialization". IER; V.11-#2, pp. 328-333.
-K. Suzumura (1971). “International Equalization of Factor Prices in Leontief Model withVariable Coefficients”. Metroeconomica; V.23-#1, pp. 1-15.
-A. Takayama (1971). "The Factor Price Equalization Theorem and the Stolper-SamuelsonTheorem Revisited". Chapter 18 of International Trade. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston
-P. Maiti (1973). "FPE Theorem in Linear Programming". JIE; V.3-4, pp. 367-378
-L. Wegge (1974). "Independent Domestic Production Cones and Uniqueness of DomesticPrices". JIE; V.4-#2, pp. 163-175.
-T. Rader (1978). "On FPE". JMathE; V.5-#?, pp. 71-82.
-T. Rader (1979). "FPE with More Industries than Factors". in J. Green and J. Schienkman, eds. General Equilibrium, Growth and Trade. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 347-354.
-K. Nishimura (1981). "Kuhn's Intensity Hypothesis Revisited". REStud; V.48-#?, pp. 351-354.
-K. Nishimura (1991). "FPE". in A. Takayama, M. Ohyama and H. Ohta, eds. Trade, TradePolicy and International Adjustments. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 275-284.
-L. Qi (1997). “The Problem of FPE”. The Japanese Economic Review; V.48-#4, pp. 445-452.
(3) Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
-S. Reiter (1961). "Efficient International Trade and the Equalization of Factor Prices". IER; V.2-#?, pp. 29-64.
-K. Kuga (1972). "The FPE Theorem". Etrica; V.40-#?, pp. 723-736.
-C. Blackorby, W. Schworm and A. Venables (1993). "Necessary and Sufficient Conditions forFPE". REStud; V.60-#2, pp. 413-434.
(4) Global Equilibrium and FPE
-H. Wu (1987). “The Equalization of Factor Prices in General Equilibrium when CommoditiesOutnumber Factors”. JIE; V.23-#3/4, pp. 343-356.
-A. Deardorff (1986). “FIRless FIRwoes: How Preferences Can Interfere with the Theorems ofInternational Trade”. JIE; V.20-#1/2, pp. 131-142.
-A. Deardorff (1994). “The Possibility of FPE”. JIE; V.36-#1/2, pp. 167-175.
-U. Demiroglu and K.K. Yun (1999). “The Lens Condition for Factor Price Equalization”. JIE;V.47-#?, pp. 449-456.
-R. Falvey (1999). “Trade Liberalization and Factor Price Convergence”. JIE; V.49-#?, pp. 195-210.
c. Testing FPE
-G. Floystad (1974). "FPE in Theory and Practice". WA; V.?-#?, pp. 554-578.
-A. Tovias (1982). "Testing FPE in the EEC". JCMS; V.20-E, pp. 375-388.
-H. Gemmen (1985). "Testing the FPE Theorem in the EC: An Alternative Approach". JCMS;V.23-#3, pp. 277-286. [Comment by A. Mourik, JCMS, (1987), pp. 79-86]
-D. Dollar, E. Wolff and W. Baumol (1988). "The FPE Model and Industry Labor Productivity:An Empirical Test Across Countries". in R. Feenstra, ed. Empirical Methods for InternationalTrade. Cambridge: MIT, pp. 23-47.
-J. Alston and P. Johnson (1988). "FPE among International Farmland Markets". AustralianJournal of Agricultural Economics; V.32-#2/3, pp. 142-152.
-M. Mokhtari and F. Rassekh (1989). "The Tendency Towards FPE Among OECD Countries".REStat; V.71-#?, pp. 636-642.
-T. Burgman and J. Geppert (1993). "Factor Price Equalization: A Cointegration Approach".WA; V.129-#3, pp. 472-487.
-G. Rayp (1998). “An Empirical Test of the Dixit-Norman Approach to Factor PriceEqualization, Using Cointegration Techniques”. WA; V.134-#3, pp. 484-512.
-A. Revenga and C. Montenegro (1998). “North American Integration and Factor PriceEqualization: Is there Evidence of Wage Convergence between Mexico and the United States”. inS. Collins, ed. Imports, Exports and the American Worker. Washington, DC: Brookings, pp. 305-347.
-K. O’Rourke and J. Williamson (1994). “Late-19th Century Anglo-American Factor-PriceConvergence: Were Heckscher and Ohlin Right?”. Journal of Economic History; V.54-#4, pp.892-916. [erratum, V.55-#4, pp. 921-922.]
-K. O’Rourke, A. Taylor and J. Williamson (1996). “Factor Price Convergence in the LateNineteenth Century”. IER; V.37-#3, pp. 499-530.
-L. Officer (1974). "Purchasing Power Parity and FPE". KYKLOS; V.27-#4, pp. 879-883.[Includes comment by B. Balassa]
2. Price Change and Real Income: The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem
-R. Jones (1993). "Reflections on the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem". in H. Herberg and N.V.Long, eds., Trade, Welfare and Economic Policies. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press,pp. 21-36.
-A. Deardorff and R. Stern, eds. (1994). The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem: A Golden Jubilee.Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
a. Basic Analysis
-W. Stolper and P. Samuelson (1941). “Protection and Real Wages”. REStud. V.9-#1, pp. 58-73.
-L. Metzler (1949). “Tariffs, Terms of Trade, and the Distribution of National Income”. Journalof Political Economy; V.57-#1, pp. 1-29.
-K. Lancaster (1957). “Protection and Real Wages: A Restatement”. EJ; V.67-#266, pp. 199-210.
-J. Bhagwati (1959). “Protection, Real Wages and Real Incomes”. EJ; V.69-#276, pp 733-748.
-H.G. Johnson (1960). “Income Distribution, the Offer Curve and the Effects of Tariffs”. MS;V.28-#3, pp. 215-242.
-V.S. Rao (1971). “Tariffs and Welfare of Factor Owners: A Normative Extension of the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem”. JIE; V.1-#4, pp. 401-415.
-W. Ethier (1984). “Protection and Real Incomes Once Again”. QJE; V.?-#?, pp. 193-200.
-U. Kohli (1995). “Stolper-Samuelson-Like and Rybczynski-Like Results in 2 x 2 ProductionModels”. Journal of International Trade and Economic Development; V.4-#1, pp. 63-79.
b. Dimensional Generalizations
(1) The 2 Good × 3 Factor Neoclassical Model
-R. Warne (1973). “The Heckscher-Ohlin Model with Three Factors and Two Goods”. EconomicRecord; V.49-#126, pp. 300-305.
-M. Dompierre (1983). “The Heckscher-Ohlin Model with Three Factors and Two Goods: AComment”. Economic Record; V.59-#164, pp. 88-90.
-R. Batra and F. Casas (1976). "A Synthesis of the Heckscher-Ohlin and the Neoclassical Modelsof International Trade". JIE; V.6-#?, pp. 21-38. (comment by K. Suzuki, JIE, V.14-#?, pp. 141-144.
-R. Ruffin (1981). "Trade and Factor Movements with Three Factors and Two Goods". EcLets;V.7-#?, pp. 177-182.
-R. Jones and S. Easton (1983). "Factor Intensities and Factor Substitution in GeneralEquilibrium". JIE; V.15-#?, pp. 65-99.
-R. Jones (1985). "A Theorem on Income Distribution in a Small Open Economy". JIE; V.18-#?,pp. 171-176.
-H. Thompson and D. Clark (1983). "Factor Movements with Three Factors and Two Goods inthe US Economy". EcLets; V.12-#?, pp. 53-60.
-H. Thompson (1985). "Complementarity in a Simple General Equilibrium Production Model".CJE; V.18-#3, pp. 616-621.
-H. Thompson (1986). "Free Trade and Factor Price Polarization". EER; V.30-#?, pp. 419-425.
-H. Thompson (1990). "Industrial Shut-downs and Medium-run Factor Intensity Reversals".CJE; V.23-#2, pp. 446-453.
-H. Thompson (1993). “The Magnification Effect with Three Factors”. Keio Economic Studies;V.30-#2, pp. 57-64.
-K.Y. Wong (1990). "Factor Intensity Reversal in a Multi-Factor, Two-Good Economy". JET;V.41-#?, pp. 434-442.
(2) The M Good × 3 Factor Model
-E. Leamer (1987). “Paths of Development in the Three-factor, N-good General EquilibriumModel”. JPE; V.95-#?, pp. 961-999.
-R. Jones and S. Marjit (1991). "The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem, the Leamer Triangle and theProduced Mobile Factor Structure". in A. Takayama, et al. eds. Trade, Policy, and InternationalAdjustments. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 95-107.
-R. Jones (1992). "Factor Scarcity, Factor Abundance and Attitudes Toward Protection: the 3x3Model". JIEI; V.7-#1, pp. 1-19.
-E. Leamer (1994). "Commemorating the Fiftieth Birthday of the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem".in A. Deardorff and R. Stern, eds, The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem: A Golden Jubilee. AnnArbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 289-307.
-P. Brock (1994). “Economic Development and the Relative Price of Non-Tradables: GlobalDynamics of the Krueger-Deardorff-Leamer Model”. RIE; V.2-#3, pp. 268-283.
(3) Minimal Conditions on Even Technology
-N. Minabe (1967). "The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem, the Rybczynski Effect, and theHeckscher-Ohlin Theory of Trade Pattern and Factor-Price Equalization: The Case of Many-Commodity, Many Factor Country". CJEPS; V.33-#?, pp. 401-419.
-H. Kuhn (1967). “On Two Theorems in International Trade”. B. DeFinetti, ed. EconomiaMatematica. Rome: Edizioni Cremonese, pp. 105-117.
-J. Chipman (1969). "Factor Price Equalization and the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem". IER;V.10-#3, pp 399-406.
-M. Kemp and L. Wegge (1969). "On the Relation Between Commodity Prices and FactorRewards". IER; V.10-#3, pp. 407-413.
-L. Wegge and M. Kemp (1969). "Generalizations of the Stolper-Samuelson and Samuelson-Rybczynski Theorems in Terms of Conditional Input-Output Coefficients". IER; V.10-#3, pp.414-425.
-Y. Uekawa (1971). "Generalization of the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem". Etrica; V.39-#2, pp.197-217.
-K. Inada (1971). "The Production Coefficient Matrix and the Stolper-Samuelson Condition".Etrica; V.39-#2, pp. 219-239.
-Y. Uekawa, M. Kemp and L. Wegge (1972). "P- and PN-Matrices, Minkowski- and Metzler-Matrices, and Generalizations of the Stolper-Samuelson and Samuelson-Rybczynski Theorems".JIE; V.3-#?, pp. 53-76.
-I. Egawa (1978). "Some Remarks on the Stolper-Samuelson and Rybczynski Theorems". JIE;V.8-#?, pp. 525-536.
-Y. Uekawa (1979). "On the Concepts of Factor Intensities and the Relation Between CommodityPrices and Factor Rewards". in J. Green and J. Schienkman, eds. General Equilibrium, Growthand Trade. New York: Academic Press, pp. 333-346.
-R. Jones and S. Marjit (1985). "A Simple Production Model with Stolper-SamuelsonProperties". IER; V.26-#3, pp. 565-567.
-R. Jones, S. Marjit and T. Mitra (1993). "The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem: Links to DominantDiagonals". Becker, et al. eds. General Equilibrium, Growth and Trade, II. San Diego: AcademicPress, pp. 429-441.
-R. Jones and T. Mitra (1995). "Share Ribs and Income Distribution". RIE; V.3-#1, pp. 36-52.
-K. Shimomura (1997). “A Geometric Approach to the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem”. IER; V38-#3, pp. 647-656.
-P.J. Lloyd and A. Schweinberger (1997). “Conflict Generating Product Price Changes: TheImputed Output Approach”. EER; V.41-#?, pp. 1569-1587.
(4) “Correlation” Generalizations
-W. Ethier (1982). “The General Role of Factor Intensity in the Theorems of InternationalTrade”. EcLets; V.10-V.?, pp. 337-342.
-A. Deardorff and R. Staiger (1988). "An Interpretation of the Factor Content of Trade". JIE;V.24-#?, pp. 93-107.
(5) “Friends and Enemies” Generalizations
-W. Ethier (1974). "Some Theorems of International Trade with Many Goods and Factors". JIE;V.4-#?, pp. 199-206.
-M. Kemp and H. Wan (1976). "Relatively Simple Generalizations of the Stolper-Samuelson andSamuelson-Rybczynski Theorems". in M. Kemp ed. Three Topics in the Theory of InternationalTrade. Amsterdam: North Holland, pp. 49-59.
-W.E. Diewert and A. Woodland (1977). "Frank Knight's Theorem in Linear Programming".Etrica; V.45-#2, pp. 375-398.
-R. Jones and J. Schienkman (1977). "The Relevance of the Two-Sector Production Model inTrade Theory". JPE; V.85-#5, pp. 909-935.
-W. Chang (1979). "Some Theorems of Trade and General Equilibrium with Many Goods andFactors". Etrica, V.47-#3, pp. 709-726.
-J. Cassing (1981). "On the Relationship between Commodity Price Changes and Factor-OwnersReal Positions". JPE; V.89-#?, pp. 593-595.
-R. Jones (1985). "Relative Prices and Real Factor Rewards: A Reinterpretation". EcLets; V.19-#1, pp. 47-49.
(6) Aggregation Conditions and “Block” Generalizations
-G. Fishburn and M. Kemp (1977). "An Analysis of Price:Rental and Endowment:OutputRelationships in Terms of Specific-Factor and Specific-Product Blocks". EcRec; V.?-#?, pp. 219-226.
-J.P. Neary (1985). "Two-by-Two International Trade Theory with Many Goods and Factors".Etrica; V.53-#5, pp. 1233-1247.
-J.P. Neary (1984). "The Heckscher-Ohlin Model as an Aggregate". in A. Ingham and A. Ulph,eds. Demand, Equilibrium and Trade. London: Macmillan, pp. 57-76.
-J. Chipman (1994). "The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem and the Problem of Aggregation". in A.Deardorff and R. Stern, eds, The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem: A Golden Jubilee. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press, pp. 235-270.
c. Empirical Testing/Application of Stolper-Samuelson
(1) Overviews
-A. Deardorff and D. Hakura (1994). “Trade and Wages: What are the Questions?”. In J.Bhagwati and M. Kosters, eds. Trade and Wages: Leveling Wages Down? Washington, DC:AEI, pp. 76-107.
-R. Baldwin (1995). “The Effects of Trade and Foreign Direct Investment on Employment andRelative Wages”. OECD Economic Studies, #23, pp. 7-54.
-J.D. Richardson (1995). “Income Inequality and Trade: How to Think, What to Conclude”.Journal of Economic Perspectives, V.9-#3, pp. 33-55.
-R. Lawrence (1996) Single World, Divided Nations? Globalization and OECD Labor Markets.Washington, DC: Brookings\OECD.
-E. Leamer (1999). “Competition in Tradables as a Driving Force of Rising Income Inequality”.in H. Siebert, ed. Globalization and Labor. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck/Institut für Weltwirtschaft,pp. 119-152.
(2) Checking Consistency of Data with Low-Dimensional Models
-R. Lawrence and M. Slaughter (1993). “Trade and US Wages: Giant Sucking Sound or SmallHiccup?”. BPEA; V.1993-#2, pp. 161-210.
-P. Krugman and R. Lawrence (1994). “Trade, Jobs and Wages”. Scientific American; April, pp.44-49.
-J. Bhagwati and V. Dehejia (1994). “International Trade Theory and Wages of the Unskilled”.In J. Bhagwati and M. Kosters, eds. Trade and Wages: Leveling Wages Down? Washington,DC: AEI, pp. 36-75.
-R. Cooper (1994). “Foreign Trade, Wages and Unemployment”. In H. Giersch, ed. FightingEurope’s Unemployment in the 1990's. Berlin: Springer, pp. 93-117.
-M. Slaughter (199?). “The Impact of Internationalisation on US Income Distribution”. Financeand the International Economy. AMEX Prize Essays, pp. 145-158.
-P. Krugman (1997). “Trade and Wages”. in D. Kreps and K. Wallis, eds. Advances inEconomics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress, pp. 1-18.
-J. Bhagwati (1998). “Trade and Wages: A Malignant Relationship?”. in S. Collins, ed. Imports,Exports and the American Worker. Washington, DC: Brookings, pp. 49-99.
-F.L. Pryor (1999). “The Impact of Foreign Trade on the Employment of Unskilled U.S.Workers: Some New Evidence”. SEJ; V.65-#3, pp. 472-472.
-R. Jones, R. (1997). “Trade, Technology, and Income Distribution”. Indian Economic Review;V.32-#2, pp. 129-40.
(3) Factor-Content Studies
(a) Theory and Method
-A. Deardorff and R. Staiger (1988). “An Interpretation of the Factor Content of Trade”. Journalof International Economics; V.24-#1/2, pp. 93-107.
-E. Leamer (2000). “What’s the Use of Factor Contents”. JIE, V50-#1, pp. 17-49.
-P. Krugman (2000). “Technology, Trade and Factor Prices”. JIE, V50-#1, pp. 51-71.
-A. Deardorff (2000). “Factor Prices and the Factor Content of Trade Revisited: What’s the Use”.JIE, V50-#1, pp. 73-90.
-A. Panagariya (2000). “Evaluating the Factor-Content Approach to Measuring the Effect ofTrade on Wage Inequality”. JIE, V50-#1, pp. 91-116.
-R. Baldwin (2000). “Inferring Relative Factor Price Changes from Quantitative Data”. in M.Blomström and L. Goldberg, Eds. Topics in Empirical International Economics: A Festschrift inHonor of Bob Lipsey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press/NBER, pp.
-W. Kohler (1999). “Trade and Wages: What Can Factor Contents Tell Us?”. ms: Department ofEconomics, University of Linz.
-A. Wood (1991). “The Factor Content of North-South Trade in Manufactures Reconsidered”.WA; V.127-#4, pp. 719-743.
(b) Applications
-K. Murphy and F. Welch (1991). “The Role of International Trade in Wage Differentials”. InM. Kosters, ed. Workers and Their Wages: Changing Patterns in the US. Washington, DC: AEI,pp. 39-69.
-K. Murphy and F. Welch (1992). “The Structure of Wages”. QJE; V.107-#1, pp. 285-326.
-L. Katz and K. Murphy (1992). “Changes in Relative Wages, 1963-1987: Supply and DemandFactors”. QJE; V.107-#1, pp. 35-78.
-J. Bound and G. Johnson (1992). "Changes in the Structure of Wages in the 1980's: AnEvaluation of Alternative Explanations". AER; V.82-#3, pp. 371-392.
-G. Johnson and F. Stafford (1993). “International Competition and Real Wages”. AER; V.83-#2,pp. 127-131.
-A. Wood (1994). North-South Trade, Employment and Inequality. New York: OUP.
-E. Berman, J. Bound, and Z. Griliches (1994). “Changes in the Demand for Skilled Laborwithin US Manufacturing Industries: Evidence from th Annual Survey of Manufacturing”. QJE;V.109-#?, pp. 367-398.
-J. Sachs and H. Shatz (1994). “Trade and Jobs in U.S. Manufacturing”. BPEA; #1, pp. 1-69.
-J. Sachs and H. Shatz (1998). “International Trade and Wage Inequality in the US: Some NewResults”. in S. Collins, ed. Imports, Exports and the American Worker. Washington, DC:Brookings, pp. 215-254.
-G. Borjas, R. Freeman, and L. Katz (1992). “On the Labor Market Effects of Immigration andTrade”. in G. Borjas and R. Freeman, eds. Immigration and the Workforce. Chicago: Univeristyof Chicago Press/NBER, pp. 213-244.
-G. Borjas, R. Freeman, and L. Katz (1997). “How Much do Immigration and Trade Affect LaborMarket Outcomes?”. BPEA; #1, pp. 1-67.
-E. Berman, J. Bound and S. Machin (1998). “Implications of Skill-Biased TechnologicalChange: International Evidence”. QJE; V.113-#4, pp. 1245-1279.
-M. Rebick (1999). “Trade and Wage Structure in the Presence of Price Differentials in theProduct Market: The Japanese Labor Market 1965-1990”. Journal of the Japanese andInternational Economies; V.13-#1, pp. 22-43.
-M. Anderson and S. Smith (2000). “Canadian Trade and Wages: Lessons from the Past,Prospects for the Future”. World Economy; V.23-#8, pp. 1005-1029.
(4) The Jones-Baldwin Decomposition: Mandated Wage Regressions
-M. Slaughter (2000). “What Are The Results of Product-Price Studies and What Can We LearnFrom Their Differences?”. in R. Feenstra, ed. The Impact of International Trade on Wages.Chicago: University of Chicago Press/NBER, pp. 129-165.
-R.S. Hilton (1984). “Commodity Trade and Relative Return to Factors of Production”. JIE;V.16-#3/4, pp. 259-270.
-R. Baldwin and R.S. Hilton (1984). “A Technique for Indicating Comparative Costs andPredicting Changes in Trade Ratios”. Review of Economics and Statistics; V.66-#1, pp. 105-110.
-R. Baldwin and G. Cain (1997). “Shifts in US Relative and Absolute Wages: The Role of Trade,Technology and Factor Endowments”. NBER Working Paper, #5934.
-E. Leamer (1996). “In Search of Stolper-Samuelson Effects on US Wages”. in S. Collins, ed.Imports, Exports and the American Worker. Washington, DC: Brookings, pp. 141-214.
-A. Courakis, K. Maskus, and A. Webster (1997). “Occupational Employment and WageChanges in the UK: Trade and Technology Effects”. in J. Borkakoti and C. Milner, eds.International Trade and Labour Markets. London: Macmillan, pp. 169-202.
-R. Feenstra and G. Hanson (1999). “The impact of outsourcing and high-technology capital onwages: Estimates for the United States, 1979-1990”. QJE; V.114-#3, pp. 907-940.
-A. Krueger (1997). “Labor Market Shifts and the Price Puzzle Revisited”. NBER WorkingPaper, #5924.
-J. Schmitt and L. Mishel (1996). “Did International Trade Lower Less-Skilled Wages Duringthe 1980s? Standard Trade Theory and Evidence”. Economic Policy Institute Technical Paper.
-M. Slaughter (1998). “What are the Results of Product-Price Studies and What Can we Learnfrom Their Differences?”. NBER Working Paper, #6591.
-J. Adams (1997). “Technology, Trade, and Wages”. NBER Working Paper, #5940.
-J. Haskel and M. Slaughter (1999). “Trade, Technology and U.K. Wage Inequality”. NBERWorking Paper; #6978. [forthcoming EJ]
-T. Desjonqueres, S. Machin, and J. Van Reenen (1999). “Another Nail in the Coffin? Or Canthe Trade Based Explanation of Changing Skill Structures be Resurrected?”. ScanJE; V.101-#4,pp. 533-554.
-M. Lücke (1999). “Trade with Low-income Countries and the Relatives Wages and EmploymentOpportunities of the Unskilled: An Exploratory Analysis for West Germany and the UK”. in P.Brenton and J. Pelkmans, eds. Global Trade and European Workers. London: Macmillan, pp.69-95.
-R. Lawrence (2000). “Does a Kick in the Pants Get You Going or Does It Just Hurt? TheImpact of International Competition on Change in U.S. Manufacturing”. in R. Feenstra, ed. TheImpact of International Trade on Wages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press/NBER, pp. 197-219.
(5) Duality Approach via National Product Functions
-J. Harrigan (2000). “International Trade and American Wages in General Equilibrium, 1967-1995. in R. Feenstra, ed. The Impact of International Trade on Wages. Chicago: University ofChicago Press/NBER, pp. 171-193.
-J. Harrigan and R. Balaban (1999). “U.S. Wages in General Equilibrium: Estimating the Effectsof Trade, Technology, and Factor Supplies, 1963-1991”. NBER Working Paper; #6981.
-D. Burgess (1976). “Tariffs and Income Distribution--Some Empirical Evidence for the US”.JPE; V.84-#1, pp. 17-45.
-J. Chipman (1978). “Towards the Construction of an Optimal Aggregative Model ofInternational Trade: West Germany, 1963-1975”. Annasl of Economic and Social Measurement;V.6-#?, pp. 535-554.
-U. Kohli (1991). Technology, Duality, and Foreign Trade. Ann Arbor: University of MichiganPress.
-E. Leamer (1993). “Wage Effects of a US-Mexican Free Trade Agreement”. In P. Garber, ed.The Mexico-US Free Trade Agreement. Cambridge: MIT, pp. 57-125
(6) CGE Approaches: Simple and Complex
(a) Simple CGE Models
-H. Thompson (1990). “Simulating a Multifactor General Equilibrium Model of Production andTrade”. IEJ; V.4-#2, pp. 21-34.
-H. Thompson (1997). “Free Trade and Income Redistribution across Labor Groups:Comparative Statics for the U.S. Economy”. International Review of Economics and Finance;V.6-#2, pp. 181-192.
-H. Thompson (1997). “Free Trade and Income Redistribution in a Three Factor Model of theU.S. Economy”. Southern Economic Journal; V.63-#4, pp. 1074-1083.
-H. Thompson (1995). “Factor Intensity versus Factor Substitution in a Specified GeneralEquilibrium Model”. Journal of Economic Integration; V.10-#3, pp. 283-297.
-P. Krugman (1995). “Growing World Trade: Causes and Consequences”. BPEA, #1, pp. 327-362.
-P. Krugman (1996). “Domestic Distortions and the Deindustrialization Hypothesis”. in R.Feenstra, G. Grossman, and D. Irwin, eds. The Political Economy of Trade Policy. Cambridge:MIT Press, pp. 33-49.
-R. Lawrence and C. Evans (1997). “Trade and Wages: Insights from the Crystal Ball”. NBERWorking Paper; #5633.
-R. Rowthorn, R. Kozul-Wright, and Y. Akyüz (1997). “Adapting to North-South Trade: AGeneral Equilibrium Approach to Policy Options”. OEP; V.49-#3, pp. 483-503.
-P. Minford, J. Riley, and E. Nowell (1997). “Trade Technology and Labor Markets in the WorldEconomy, 1970-1990: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis”. Journal of DevelopmentStudies; V.34-#2, pp. 1-34. [“Corrigendum and Addendum”, 1999, V.35-#6, pp. 153-155.]
-J. Francios and D. Nelson (1998). “Trade, Technology and Wages: General EquilibriumMechanics”. Economic Journal, V.108-#450, pp. 1483-1499.
-R. Falvey, R. Tyers, and R. McDonald (1997). “Trade Shocks and the Magnitude of TransmittedWage Adjustments”. Working Papers in Economics and Econometrics (ANU), #318.
-R. Tyers, R. Duncan, and W. Martin (1998). “Trade and Wages: Integrating Theory andNumerical Analysis”. ms: ANU.
-L. Abrego and J. Whalley (1999). “The Choice of Structural Model in Trade-WagesDecompositions”. RIE; V.?-#3, pp.
-L. Abrego and J. Whalley (2000). “Demand Side Considerations and the Trade and WagesDebate”. NBER Working Paper; #7674.
-C. Pope (1972). “Impact of the Ante-Bellum Tariff on Income Distribution”. Explorations inEconomic History; V.9-#?, pp. 375-421.
-J. Williamson (1990). “The Impact of the Corn Laws Just Prior to Repeal”. Explorations inEconomic History; V.27-#2, pp. 123-156.
-K. O’Rourke (1997). “The European Grain Invasion, 1870-1913”. Journal of Economic History;V.57-#4, pp. 775-801.
(b) Complex CGE Models
-J. de Melo and S. Robinson (1982). “Trade Adjustment Policies and Income Distribution inThree Archetype Developing Economies”. JDevE; V.10-#?, pp. 67-92.
-J. Hartigan and E. Tower (1982). “Trade Policy and the American Income Distribution”. Reviewof Economics and Statistics; V.64-#2, pp. 261-270.
-M. Burfisher, S. Robinson, and K. Thierfelder (1994). “Wage Changes in a US-Mexico FreeTrade Area: Migration versus Stolper-Samuelson Effects”. in J. Francois and C. Shiells, eds.Modeling Trade Policy: Applied General Equilibrium Assessments of North American FreeTrade. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 195-222.
-K. Thierfelder and C. Shiells (1997). “Trade and Labor Market Behavior”. in J. Francois and K.Reinert, eds. Applied Methods for Trade Policy Analysis: A Handbook. Cambridge: CUP, pp.435-478.
-A. Maechler and D. Roland-Holst (1997). “Labor Market Structure and Conduct”. in J. Francoisand K. Reinert, eds. Applied Methods for Trade Policy Analysis: A Handbook. Cambridge: CUP,pp. 479-516.
-R. Tyers and Y. Yang (1997). “Trade with Asia and Skill Upgrading: Effects on Labor Marketsin the Older Industrial Countries”. WA; V.133-#3, pp. 383-417.
-R. McDougall and R. Tyers (1997). “Developing country expansion and relative wages inindustrial countries", Ch.7 in T.Hertel (ed.), Global Trade Analysis Using the GTAP Model. NewYork: Cambridge University Press, pp 279-313.
-R. Tyers, R. Duncan, and W. Martin (1999). “Trade, Technology and Labor Markets: GeneralEquilibrium Perspectives”. Journal of Economic Integration; V.14-#2, pp. 226-264.
-W. Cline (1997). Trade and Income Distribution. Washington, DC: IIE. [Chapters 3 & 4]
-K. Reinert and D. Roland-Holst (1998). “North-South Trade and Occupational Wages: SomeEvidence from North America”. RIE; V.6-#1, pp. 74-89.
-A. Smith (1998). “The Labour Market Effects of Trade: A Computable General EquilibriumApproach”. in Mathias Dewatripont, André Sapir, and Khalid Sekkat, eds. Trade and Jobs inEurope: Much Ado About Nothing? Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 95-112.
-O. Cortes and S. Jean (1999). “Does Competition of Emerging Countries Threaten the EuropeanUnskilled Labour? An Applied General Equilibrium Approach”. in P. Brenton and J. Pelkmans,eds. Global Trade and European Workers. London: Macmillan, pp. 96-122.
-S. Jean and O. Bontout (1999). “What Drove Relative Wages in France? StructuralDecomposition Analysis in a General Equilibrium Framework, 1970-1992”. ms: CEPII.
-R. Nahuis (1999). “Global Integration and Wages in a General Equilibrium World Model:Contributions of WorldScan”. in P. Brenton and J. Pelkmans, eds. Global Trade and EuropeanWorkers. London: Macmillan, pp. 123-146.
(7) Other
-S. Magee (1980). “Three Simple Tests of the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem”. in P. Oppenheimer,ed. Issues in International Economics. Oxford: Oriel Press, pp. 138-153.
-J. Chung (1980). “Trade Liberalization and Factor-Prices--Application to the US ManufacturingSector”. JPolMod; V.2-#?, pp. 101-120.
-F. Rassekh and H. Thompson (1997). “Adjustment in General Equilibrium: Some IndustrialEvidence”. RIE; V.5-#1, pp. 20-31.
-N. Gaston and D. Trefler (1994). "Protection, Trade and Wages: Evidence for USManufacturing". Industrial and Labor Relations Review; V.47-#4, pp. 574-593.
3. Static Analysis of Factor Growth and Migration: The Rybczynski Theorem
-T.N. Rybczynski (1955). "Factor Endowments and Relative Commodity Prices". Eca; V.22-#88,pp. 336-341.
-K-L Shea (1981). “A Graphical Analysis of Factor Accumulation in a Three-Sector, Three-Factor Model of International Trade”. EJ; V.91-#?, pp. 1020-1025.
-F. Fisher (1982). ""On Perfect Aggregation and in the National Output Deflator and GeneralizedRybczynski Theorems". IER; V.23-#1, pp. 43-60.
-J. Hicks (1953). “An Inaugural Lecture”. OEP; V.5-#?, pp. 117-135.
-M. Kemp (1955). “Technological Change, the Terms of Trade and Welfare”. EJ; V.65-#?, pp.457-473.
-W.M. Corden (1956). “Economic Expansion and International Trade: A Geometric Approach”.OEP; V.8-#?, pp. 223-228.
-H. G. Johnson (1954). “Increasing Productivity, Income-Price Trends and the Trade Balance”.EJ; V.64-#255, pp. 462-485.
-H.G. Johnson (1955). “Economic Expansion and International Trade”. MS; V.23-#2, pp. 95-112.
-H.G. Johnson (1959). “Economic Development and International Trade”. NationaløkonomiskTidsskrift; V.97-#5/6, pp. 253-272.
-V.K. Ramaswami (1960). “The Effects of Accumulation on the Terms of Trade”. EJ; V.70-#?,pp. 514-518.
-M. Ikema (1969). “The Effect of Economic Growth on the Demand for Imports”. OEP; V.21-#?,pp. 66-69.
-M. Kemp and K. Shimomura (1988). “The Impossibility of Global Absolute Advantage in theHO Model of Trade”. OEP; V.40-#?, pp. 575-576.
-K. Shimomura (1991). “A Note on the Hicks-Ikema-Kemp Proposition”. Kobe Economic andBusiness Review; V.36-#?, pp. 27-32.
-M. Kemp, Y.-K. Ng and K. Shimomura (1993). “The International Diffusion of the Fruits ofTechnical Progress”. IER; V.34-#2, pp. 381-385.
-A. Guha (1963). “Factor and Commodity Prices in an Expanding Economy”. QJE; V.77-#?, pp.145-155.
-M. Gopinath and T. Roe (1996). “Sources of Growth in U.S. GDP and Economy-Wide Linkagesto the Agricultural Sector”. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics; V.21-#2, pp.325-340.
-M. Gopinath and T. Roe (1999). “Modeling Inter-Sectoral Growth Linkages: An Application toU.S. Agriculture”. Agricultural Economics; V.21-#2, pp. 131-144.
4. Comparative Advantage: The Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem
a. Basic Analysis
-E. Heckscher (1949). The Effect of Foreign Trade on the Distribution of Income". in H. Ellisand L. Metzler, eds. Readings in the Theory of International Trade. Philadelphia: Blakiston, pp.272-300. (Translation of a paper published in Swedish in 1919).
-H. Flam and M.J. Flanders, eds. (1991). Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory. Cambridge: MIT Press.[Contains a complete translation of Heckscher (1919) and of Ohlin’s Ph.D. dissertation of 1924.]
-B. Ohlin (1933). Interregional and International Trade. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
-R. Robinson (1956). "Factor Proportions and Comparative Advantage: Parts I and II". QJE;V.70-#2, pp. 169-192 and V.70-#3, pp. 246-263.
-R. Jones (1956). "Factor Proportions and the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem". REStud; V.24-#63,pp. 1-10.
-H.G. Johnson (1957). "Factor Endowments, International Trade and Factor Prices". MS; V.25-#?, pp. 270-283.
-K. Inada (1967). "A Note on the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem". EcRec; V.43-#?, pp. 88-96.
-T. Rader and P. Van Moeseke (1973). "Heckscher-Ohlin Hypothesis and Scarce-FactorTheorems". Tijdschrift voor Economie; V.18-#?, pp. 445-450.
-R. Riezman (1974). "A Note on the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem". Tijdschrift voor Economie;V.19-#3, pp. 339-343.
-U. Kohli (1995). “Stolper-Samuelson-Like and Rybczynski-Like Results in 2 x 2 ProductionModels”. Journal of International Trade and Economic Development; V.4-#1, pp. 63-79.
-R. Jones, H. Beladi, and S. Marjit (1999). “The Three Faces of Factor Intensities”. JIE; V.48-#?,pp. 413-420.
-B. Minhas (1962). "The Homohypallagic Production Function, Factor Intensity Reversals andthe Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem". JPE; V.70-#2, pp. 138-156.
-M. Hodd (1967). "An Empirical Investigation of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory". Eca; V.34-#?,
pp. 20-29.
-S. Naya (1967). "Natural Resource, Factor Mix and Factor Reversal in International Trade".AER; V.57-#?, pp. 561-570.
b. Dimensional Generalizations
(1) Commodity Content of Trade Generalizations
-J. Bhagwati (1972). "The Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem in the Multicommodity Case". JPE; V.80-#?, pp. 1052-1055.
-R. Jones (1974). "The Small Country in a Many Commodity World". Australian EconomicPapers; V.14-#?, pp. 225-236.
-Y. Horiba and J.R. Moroney (1979). "On the Structure of Comparative Advantage in aMultifactor Trade Model". IER; V.20-#2, pp. 551-554.
-A. Deardorff (1979). "Weak Links in the Chain of Comparative Advantage". JIE; V.9-#2, pp.197-209.
-J. Drabicki and A. Takayama (1979). "An Antinomy in the Theory of Comparative Advantage".JIE; V.9-#?, pp. 211-233.
-M. Kemp and K. Shimomura (1988). "The Impossibility of Global Absolute Advantage in theHeckscher-Ohlin Model of Trade". OEP; V.40-#?, pp. 575-576.
-R. Findlay (1970). "Factor Proportions and Comparative Advantage in the Long Run". JPE;V.78-#1, pp. 27-36. (Comment by Deardorff (1974), V.82-#4, pp. 829-833)
(2) “Correlation” Generalizations
-A. Dixit and A. Woodland (1982). "The Relationship between Factor Endowments andCommodity Trade". JIE; V.13-#?, pp. 201-214.
-W. Ethier (1982). "The General Role of Factor Intensity in the Theorems of InternationalTrade". EcLets; V.10-#?, pp. 337-342.
-A. Deardorff (1982). "The General Validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem". AER; V.72-#?,pp. 683-694.
-H. Forstner (1985). "A Note on the General Validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem". AER;V.75-#4, pp. 844-849.
-A. Deardorff (1994). "Exploring the Limits of Comparative Advantage". WA; V.130-#1, pp. 1-19.
(3) Factor-Content of Trade: The Travis-Vanek Model
-W.P. Travis (1964). The Theory of Trade and Protection. Cambridge: Harvard.
-J. Vanek (1968). "The Factor Proportions Theory: The N-Factor Case". KYKLOS; V.21-#4, pp.749-754.
-Y. Horiba (1971). "A Note on the Factor Proportions Theory in the N-Factor Case". KYKLOS;V.24-#2, pp. 339-343. (Comment by Vanek follows, pp. 344-345)
-T. Bertrand (1972). "An Extension of the N-Factor Case of Factor Proportions Theory".KYKLOS; V.25-#?, pp. 592-596.
-J. Williams (1977). “The Factor Proportions Theorem: The Case of M Commodities and NFactors”. CJE; V.10-#?, pp. 282-288.
-R. Brecher and E. Choudhri (1982). "The Factor Content of International Trade without Factor-Price Equalization". JIE; V.12-#?, pp. 277-283.
-E. Helpman (1984). "The Factor Content of Foreign Trade". EJ; V.94-#?, pp. 84-94.
-E. Helpman and P. Krugman (1985). "The Factor Proportions Theory". Chapter 1 of MarketStructure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition and the InternationalEconomy. Cambridge: MIT, pp. 11-29.
-J.P. Neary and A. Schweinberger (1986). "Factor Content Functions and the Theory ofInternational Trade". REStud; V.53-#?, pp. 421-432.
-R. Staiger (1986). "Measurement of the Factor Content of Foreign Trade with TradedIntermediate Goods". JIE; V.21-#?, pp. 581-588.
(4) Observational Equivalence of Classical and HOS Models
-J.L. Ford (1967). "On the Equivalence of the Classical and the Factor Models in ExplainingInternational Trade". MS; V.35-#?, pp. 185-198.
-H. Katrak (1968). "On the Equivalence of Classical and Factor Models--Comment". MS; V.36-#?, pp. 75-77.
-P. Zarembka (1968). "On the Equivalence of Trade Models--Comment". MS; V.36-#?, pp. 389-392.
-J.L. Ford (1968). "More on the Equivalence of Trade Models in Explaining Trade Patterns".MS; V.36-#?, pp. 392-395.
-P.J. Lloyd (1970). "The Non-Equivalence of the Classical and Factor Proportions Explanationsof International Trade". MS; V.38-#?, pp. 45-54.
-T. Eleftheriou (1971). "The Calssical and Factor-Proportions Predictions on Trade Patterns:Equivalent or Non-Equivalent?". MS; V.39-#?, pp. 315-322.
-R. Falvey (1981). "Comparative Advantage in a Multifactor World". IER; V.22-#2, pp. 401-413.
-J.L Ford (1982). “The Ricardian and Heckscher-Ohlin Explanations of Trade: A General Proofof an Equivalence Theorem and Its Empirical Implications”. OEP; V.34-#1, pp. 141-149.[Comment by P.J. Lloyd and response, with evaluation by J.P. Neary, 1985, OEP; V.37-#1, pp.134-147]
c. Empirical Testing/Application of the HO Theorem
-R. Stern (1975). "Testing Trade Theories". in P. Kenen, ed. International Trade and Finance:
Frontiers for Research. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 3-49.
-J. Hartigan (1981). "The US Tariff and Comparative Advantage: A Survey of Method". WA;V.117-#1, pp. 65-108.
-R.J. Bowden (1983). "The Conceptual Basis of Emprical Studies of Trade in ManufacturedCommodities: A Constructive Critique". MS; V.51-#3, pp. 209-234.
-A. Deardorff (1984). "Testing Trade Theories and Predicting Trade Flows". in R. Jones and P.Kenen, eds. Handbook of International Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 467-517.
-E. Leamer (1984). "Testing the Theories of International Comparative Advantage". Chapter 2Sources of International Comparative Advantage. Cambridge: MIT, pp. 45-59.
-W. Kohler (1988). "Modeling Heckscher-Ohlin Comparative Advantage in RegressionEquations: A Critical Survey". Empirica; V.15-#2, pp. 263-293.
-E. Leamer (1991). "The Interplay of Theory and Data in the Study of International Trade". inM. Nerlove, ed. Issues in Contemporary Economics. Vol 2. Macroeconomics and Econometrics.New York: NYU Press, pp. 213-252.
-E. Leamer (1994). "Testing Trade Theory". in D. Greenaway and L.A. Winters, eds. Surveys inInternational Trade. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 66-106.
-A. Wood (1994). "Give Heckscher and Ohlin a Chance!". WA; V.130-#1, pp. 20-49.
-E. Leamer and J. Levinsohn (1995). “International Trade Theory: The Evidence”. in G.Grossman and K. Rogoff, eds. Handbook of International Economics, Vol. III. Amsterdam:Elsevier, pp. 1339-1394.
-E. Helpman (1998). “The Structure of Foreign Trade”. NBER Working Paper, #6752.
(1) Leontief-type Factor-Content Tests and the Leontief Paradox
(a) Factor Content Tests
-W. Leontief (1953). "Domestic Production and Foreign Trade: The American Capital PositionReexamined". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society; V.97-#?, pp. 332-349.
-W. Leontief (1954). “Domestic Production and Foreign Trade: The American Capital PositionReexamined”. Economia Internazionale, V.7-#?, pp. 9-45.
-W. Leontief (1956). "Factor Proportions and the Structure of American Trade: FurtherTheoretical and Empirical Evidence". REStat; V.38-#?, pp. 386-407.
-J. Vanek (1959). "The Natural Resource Content of Foreign Trade, 1870-1955, and the RelativeAbundance of Natural Resources in the US". REStat, V.41-#?, pp. 146-153.
-J. Vanek (1963). The Natural Resource Content of US Foreign Trade, 1870-1955. Cambridge:MIT.
-J. Williams (1970). “The Resource Content of International Trade”. CJE; V.3-#1, pp. 111-122.
-R. Baldwin (1971). “Determinants of the Commodity Structure of US Trade”. AER; V.61-#1,
pp. 126-146.
-M. Tatemoto and S. Ichimura (1959). “Factor Proportions and Foreign Trade: The Case ofJapan”. REStat; V.41-#?, pp. 442-446.
-P. Heller (1976). “Factor Endowment Change and Comparative Advantage: The Case of Japan”.REStat; V.58-#2, pp. 283-292.
-D. Wahl (1961). “Capital and Labor Requirements for Canada’s Foreign Trade”. CJEPS; V.27-#?, pp. 349-358.
-W. Stolper and K. Roskamp (1961). “Input-Output Table for East Germany with Applications toforeign Trade”. Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Statistics; V.23-#?, pp. 379-392.
-K. Roskamp (1963). “Factor Proportions and Foreign Trade: the Case of West Germany”. WA;V.91-#?, pp. 319-326.
-M. Holden (1983). “Empirical Tests of the H-O Model for South Africa--A Reappraisal of theMetholdology”. South African journal of Economics; V.51-#2, pp. 243-251.
-J. Baruh (1986). “Factor Proportions in Israel’s Manufacturing Trade: 1965-1982". JDevE;V.24-#1, pp. 131-139.
-W. Hong (1987). “Comparative Statics Application of the H-O Model of Factor Proportions:Korean Experience”. WA; V.123-#2, pp. 309-324.
-M. Syrquin and S. Urata (1986). “Sources of Changes in Factor Intensity of Trade”. JDevE;V.24-#2, pp. 225-239.
-G. Wright (1990). “The Origins of American Industrial Success, 1879-1940”. AER; V.80-#4,pp. 651-668.
(b) Methodological Issues
-J.M. Finger (1969). "Factor Intensity and `Leontief type` Tests of the Factor ProportionsTheory". Economia Internazionale; V.22-#3, pp. 1-19.
-E. Leamer (1980). "The Leontief Paradox Reconsidered". JPE; V.88-#3, pp. 495-503.(Correction in I. Heravi (1986), V.94-#5, pg. 1120)
-R. Brecher and E. Choudhri (1982). "The Leontief Paradox, Continued". JPE; V.90-#4; pp. 820-823.
-R. Brecher and E. Choudhri (1984). "New Products and the Factor Content of InternationalTrade". JPE; V.92-#5, pp. 965-971.
-C. Hamilton and L.E.O. Svensson (1983). "Should Factor Intensities be Used in Tests of theFactor Proportions Hypothesis?" WA; V.119-#3, pp. 453-463.
-R. Gift and W. Marxsen (1984). "Aggregation and the Factoral Content of Trade". JPE; V.92-#5, pp. 979-984.
-B.Y. Aw (1983). "Trade Imbalance and the Leontief Paradox". WA; V.119-#4, pp. 734-738.
-F. Casas and E.K. Choi (1984). "Trade Imbalance and the Leontief Paradox". MS; V.52-#4, pp.610-615.
-F. Casas and E.K. Choi (1985). "The Leontief Paradox: Continued or Resolved". JPE; V.93-#?,pp. 610-615.
-F. Casas and E.K. Choi (1987). "Trade Imbalance, the Factor Proportions Theory and theResource Content of International Trade". Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Economiche eCommerciali; V.34-#3, pp. 213-230.
-L. Song (1995). “Trade-Revealed Factor Abundance: Further Evidence”. Journal of theJapanese and International Economies; V.9-#3, pp. 278-289.
-J. Gaisford (1995). “International Capital Mobility, the Factor Content of Trade and LeontiefParadoxes”. JIE; V.39-#1/2, pp. 175-183.
-N. DeMarchi (1976). "Anomaly and The Development of Economics: The Case of the LeontiefParadox". in S. Latsis, ed. Method and Appraisal in Economics. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 109-127.
(c) Multi-Good, Multi-Factor Analysis: Sign and Rank-Order Tests
-D. Clifton jr. and W. Marxsen (1984). "An Empirical Investigation of the Heckscher-OhlinTheorem". CJE; V.17-#1, pp. 32-38.
-K. Maskus (1985). "A Test of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek Theorem: The LeontiefCommonplace". JIE; V.19-#3/4, pp. 201-212.
-C. Hamilton and L.E.O. Svensson (1984). “Do Countries Factor Endowments Correspond to theFactor Contents in their Bilateral Trade Flows”. ScanJE; V.86-#1, pp. 84-97.
-H. Bowen, E. Leamer and L. Sveikauskas (1987). "Multicountry, Multifactor Tests of FactorAbundance Theory". AER; V.77-#5, pp. 791-809.
-R. Staiger, A. Deardorff and R. Stern (1987). “An Evaluation of Factor Endowments andProtection as Determinants of Japanese and American Foreign Trade”. CJE; V.20-#3, pp. 449-463.
-R. Brecher and E. Choudhri (1993). “Some Empirical Support for the H-O Model ofProduction”. CJE; V.26-#2, pp. 272-285.
-W. Kohler (1991). "How Robust are Sign and Rank Order Tests of the Heckscher-Ohlin-VanekTheorem". OEP; V.43-#?, pp. 158-171.
-J. Torstensson (1995). “The Factor Content of Net Trade for the OECD Countries”. Journal ofEconomic Studies; V.22-#6, pp. 3-15.
-A. James and B. Elmslie (1996). Testing HOV in the G-7". WA; V.132-#1, pp. 139-159.
-Y. Horiba (1997). “On the Empirical Content of the Factor-Contents Theory of Trade: ARegional Test”. Osaka Economic Papers; V.47-#1, pp. 1-11. [Comment by Grimes and Prime,with response in Osaka Economic Papers, (1999), V.49-#1, pp. 255-259.]
(2) Cross-Commodity Regression Tests
-R. Baldwin (1971). "Determinants of the Commodity Structure of US Trade". AER; V.61-#?, pp.121-146.
-R. Baldwin (1979). "Determinants of Trade and Foreign Investment: Further Evidence". REStat;V.61-#1, pp. 40-48.
-R. Baldwin and R. Hilton (1984). “A Technique for Indicating Comparative Costs andPredicting Changes in Trade Ratios”. REStat; V.66-#1, pp. 105-110.
-W. Branson and H. Junz (1971). "Trends in US Trade and Comparative Advantage". BPEA; #2,pp. 285-345.
-W. Branson (1971). "US Comparative Advantage: Some Further Results". BPEA; #3, pp. 754-759.
-W. Branson and N. Monoyios (1977). "Factor Inputs in US Trade". JIE; V.7-#?, pp. 111-131.
-J. Harkness and J. Kyle (1975). "Factors Influencing US Comparative Advantage". JIE; V.5-#?,pp. 153-165.
-J. Harkness (1978). "Factor Abundance and Comparative Advantage". AER; V.68-#5, pp. 784-800.
-J. Harkness (1983). "The Factor-Proportions Model with Many Nations, Goods, and Factors:Theory and Evidence". REStat; V.65-#2, pp. 298-305.
-E. Choudhri (1979). "The Pattern of Trade in Individual Products: A Test of Simple Theories".WA; V.115-#1, pp. 81-98.
-R. Stern and K. Maskus (1981). "Determinants of the Structure of US Trade, 1958-1976". JIE;V.11-#?, pp. 207-224.
-K. Maskus (1983). "Evidence on Shifts in the Determinants of the Structure of USManufacturing Foreign Trade, 1958-1976". REStat; V.65-#?, pp. 415-422.
-B.Y. Aw (1981). "An Empirical Test of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem Using ASEAN Data".Mayauan Economic Review; V.26-#1, pp. 25-38.
-S. Urata (1983). "Factor Inputs and Japanese Manufacturing Trade Structure". REStat; V.65-#?,pp. 678-684.
-H. Forstner (1984). "The Changing Pattern of International Trade in Manufactures: A LogitAnalysis". WA; V.120-#1, pp. 1-17.
-R. Brecher and E. Choudhri (1988). "The Factor Content of Consumption in Canada and theUS: A Two-Country Test of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek Model". in R. Feenstra, ed. EmpiricalMethods for International Trade. Cambridge: MIT, pp. 5-17.
-N. Crafts and M. Plant (1986). “Comparative Advantage in U.K. Manufacturing Trade”. EJ;V.96-#?, pp. 629-645.
-G. Wright (1990). “The Origins of American Industrial Success, 1879-1949". AER; V.80-#?, pp.651-688.
-H. Bowen and L. Sveikauskas (1992). "Judging Factor Abundance". QJE; V.107-#?, pp. 599-620.
-K. Maskus, C. Sveikauskas, and A. Webster (1994). "The Composition of Human Capital Stockand Its Relation to International Trade: Evidence from the US and Britain". WA; V.130-#1, pp.50-76.
-L. Hellvin and J. Torstensson (1991). “Factor Proportions in East-West Trade: the Case ofFinland and Sweden”. WA; V.127-#?, pp. 381-389.
L. Tan (1992). “A Heckscher-Ohlin Approach to Changing Comparative Advantage inSingapore’s Manufacturing Sector”. WA; V.128-#?, pp. 288-309.
-D. Nguyen and P.-H. Fan (1995). “The Role of Natural Resources in Trade Patterns Among theUS, Japan, and Other Countries in the Asian Pacific Rim”. WA; V.131-#?, pp. 489-508.
-J. Anderson (1981). "Cross-Section Tests of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem: Comment". AER;V.71-#5, pp. 1037-1039.
-E. Leamer and H. Bowen (1981). "Cross Section Tests of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem:Comment". AER; V.71-#5, pp. 1040-1043.
-B.Y. Aw (1983). "The Interpretation of Cross-Section Regression Tests of the Heckscher-OhlinTheorem with Many Goods and Factors". JIE; V.14-#1/2, pp. 163-167.
(3) Cross-Country Regression Tests
-H. Chenery (1960). "Patterns of Industrial Growth". AER; V.50-#?, pp. 624-654.
-A. Aquino (1981). "Changes over Time in the Pattern of Comparative Advantage inManufactured Goods, An Empirical Analysis for the Period 1962-1974". EER; V.15-#?, pp. 41-62.
-R. Arad and S. Hirsch (1981). "Determination of trade Flows and the Choice of Trade Partners:Reconciling the H-O and Burenstam-Linder Models of International Trade". WA; V.117-#2, pp.276-297.
-E. Leamer (1974). "The Commodity Composition of International Trade in Manufactures: AnEmpirical Analysis". OEP; V.26-#?, pp. 35--374.
-H. Bowen (1983). "Changes in the International Distribution of Resources and Their Impact onUS Comparative Advantage". REStat; V.65-#?, pp. 402-414.
-E. Leamer (1984). Sources of International Comparative Advantage: Theory and Evidence.Cambridge: MIT.
-K. Tamor (1987). "An Empirical Examination of the Factor Endowments Hypothesis". CJE;V.20-#2, pp. 387-398.
(4) Cross-Country/Cross-Commodity Tests
-G.C. Hufbauer (1970). "The Impact of National Characteristics and Technology on theCommodity Composition of Trade in Manufactured Goods". in R. Vernon, ed. The TechnologyFactor in International Trade. New York: Columbia University Press/NBER, pp. 145-231.
-B. Balassa (1979). "The Changing Pattern of Comparative Advantage in Manufactured Goods".REStat; V.61-#?, pp. 259-266.
-B. Balassa (1986). "Comparative Advantage in Manufactured Goods: A Reappraisal". REStat;V.68-#2, pp. 315-319.
-B. Balassa and L. Bauwens (1987). “Comparative Advantage in Manufactured Goods in aMulti-Country, Multi-Industry, and Multi-Factor Model”. in T. Peeters, P. Praet and P. Reding,eds. International Trade and Exchange Rates in the Late Eighties. Amsterdam: North-Holland,pp. 31-52.
-B. Balassa and L. Bauwens (1988). Changing Trade Patterns in Manufactured Goods: AnEconometric Investigation. Amsterdam: North-Holland
-H. Bowen, E. Leamer and L. Sveikauskas (1987). "Multicountry, Multifactor Tests of FactorAbundance Theory". AER; V.77-#5, pp. 791-809.
-R. Staiger (1988). "A Specification Test for the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory". JIE; V.25-#?, pp.129-141.
-B. Elmslie and J. Milberg (1992). “International Trade and Factor-Intensity Uniformity: AnEmpirical Assessment”. WA; V.128-#3, pp. 464-486.
-D. Trefler (1993). “International Factor Price Differences: Leontief was Right!”. JPE; V.101-#6,pp. 961-987.
-D. Trefler (1995). “The Case of Missing Trade and Other Mysteries”. AER; V.85-#5, pp. 1029-1046.
-D. Davis and D. Weinstein (1996). “Empirical Tests of the Factor Abundance Theory: What DoThey Tell Us?”. Eastern Economic Journal; V.22-#4, pp. 544-440.
-D. Davis and D. Weinstein (1998). “An Account of Global Factor Trade”. NBER WorkingPaper, #6785.
-K. Maskus and A. Webster (1999). “Estimating the HOV Model with Technology DifferencesUsing Disaggregated Labor Skills for the United States and the United Kingdom”. RIE; V.7-#1,pp. 8-19.
-D. Trefler and S.C. Zhu (2000). “Beyond the Algebra of Explanation: HOV for the TechnologyAge”. AER; V.90-#2, pp. 145-149.
-D. Davis and D. Weinstein (2000). “International Trade as an ‘Integrated Equilibrium’: NewPerspectives”. AER; V.90-#2, pp. 150-154.
-R. Feenstra and G. Hanson (2000). “Aggregation Bias in the Factor Content of Trade: Evidencefrom U.S. Manufacturing”. AER; V.90-#2, pp. 155-160.
(5) Exploiting the Rybczynski Theorem: Endowment-Output Predictions
-D. Dollar, W. Baumol, and E. Wolff (1988). “The Factor Price Equalization Model and IndustryLabor Productivity: An Empirical Test Across Countries”. in R. Feenstra, ed. Empirical Methodsfor International Trade. Cambridge: MIT Press.
-K. Maskus (1991). “Comparing International Trade Data and Product and NationalCharacteristics Data for the Analysis of Trade Models”. in P. Hooper and J.D. Richardson, eds.International Economic Transactions: Issues in Measurement and Empirical Research. Chicago:University of Chicago Press/NBER, pp. 17-56.
-J. Harrigan (1995). "Factor Endowments and The International Location of Production:Econometric Evidence for the OECD, 1970-1985". JIE; V.39-#1/2, pp. 123-141.
-D. Davis, D. Weinstein, S. Bradford, and K. Shimpo (1997). “Using International and JapaneseRegional Data to Determine When the Factor Abundance Theory of Trade Works”. AER; V.87-#3, pp. 420-446.
-D. Davis and D. Weinstein (1997). “Does Economic Geography Matter for InternationalSpecialization?”. ms: Harvard University.
-D. Davis and D. Weinstein (2000). “Economic Geography and Regional Production Structure:An Empirical Investigation”. EER; Forth.
-J. Berstein and D. Weinstein (1998). “Do Endowments Predict the Location of Production?Evidence from National and International Data”. NBER Working Paper; #6815.
-S. Kim (1999). “Regions, Resources, and Economic Geography: Sources of US RegionalComparative Advantage, 1880-1997”. RSUE; V.29-#1, pp. 1-32.
-P. Smith (1999). “Do Geographic Scale Economies Explain Disturbances to Heckscher-OhlinTrade?”. RIE; V.7-#1, pp. 20-36.
-J.D. Richardson and P. Smith (1995). “Sectoral Growth across U.S. States: Factor Content,Linkages and Trade”. NBER Working Paper; V.5094.
d. Revealed Comparative Advantage/Trade Intensity Indices
-B. Balassa (1965). “Trade Liberalization and ‘Revealed’ Comparative Advantage”. ManchesterSchool of Economic and Social Studies; V.33-#2, pp. 99-124.
-B. Balassa (1977). “‘Revealed’ Comparative Advantage Revisited: An Analysis of RelativeExport Shares of the Industrial Countries, 1953-1971”. Manchester School of Economic andSocial Studies; V.45-#?, pp. 327-344.
-J. Donges and J. Riedel (1977). “The Expansion of Manufactured Exports in DevelopingCountries: An Empirical Assessment”. WA; V.113-#1, pp. 58-87.
-K. Kojima (1964). “The Pattern of International Trade Among Advanced Countries”.Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics; V.5-#1, pp. 16-36.
-I. Yamazawa (1970). “Intensity Analysis of World Trade Flows”. Hitotsubashi Journal ofEconomics; V.10-#2, pp. 61-90.
-I. Yamazawa (1971). “Structural Change in World Trade Flows”. Hitotsubashi Journal ofEconomics; V.11-#2, pp. 11-21.
-J. Roemer (1976). “Extensions of the Concept of Trade Intensity”. Hitotsubashi Journal ofEconomics; V.17-#1, pp.29-35.
-J. Roemer (1977). “The Effect of Sphere of Influence and Economic Distance on the CommodityCompositition of Trade in Manufactures”. REStat; V.59-#3, pp. 318-327.
-K. Kunimoto (1977). “Typology of Trade Intensity Indices”. Hitotsubashi Journal ofEconomics; V.17-#2, pp. 15-32.
-P. Drysdale and R. Garnaut (1982). “Trade Intensities and the Analysis of Bilateral Trade Flowsin a Many-Country World”. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics; V.22-#2, pp. 62-84.
-C. Hamilton and L.E.O. Svensson (1984). “Potential and Realized Trade Patterns: The Case ofSweden”. ScanJE; V.86-#3, pp. 371-378.
-A. Hillman (1980). “Observations on the Relation between ‘Revealed Comparative Advantage’and Comparative Advantage as Indicated by Pre-Trade Relative Prices”. WA; V.116-#?, pp.
-H. Bowen (1983). “On the Theoretical Interpretation of Indices of Trade Intensity and RevealedComparative Advantage”. WA; V.119-#?, pp. 464-472.
-R. Ballance, H. Forstner, and T. Murray (1985). “On Measuring Comparative Advantage: ANote on Bowen’s Indices”. WA; V.121-#?, pp. 346-350. [reply by Bowen follows pp. 351-354;further discussion, 1986, V.122-#?, pp. 375-381.]
-R. Ballance, H. Forstner, and T. Murray (1987). “Consistency Tests of Alternative Measures ofComparative Advantage”. REStat; V.69-#?, pp. 157-161.
-A. Yeats (1985). “On the Appropriate Interpretation of the Revealed Comparative AdvantageIndex: Implications of a Methodology Based on Industry Sector Analysis”. WA; V.121-#1, pp.61-73.
-R. Erzan and A. Yeats (1991). “Implications of Current Factor Proportions Indices for theCompetitive Position of the U.S. Manufacturing and Service Industries in the Year 2000”.Journal of Business; V.64-#2, pp. 229-254.
-S. Marchese and F. N. De Simone (1989). “Monotonicity of ‘Revealed’ Comparative Advantage:Empirical Evidence on Hillman’s Condition”. WA; V.125-#?, pp. 158-167.
-T. Vollrath (1999). “A Theoretical Evaluation of Alternative Trade Intensity Measures ofRevealed Comparative Advantage”. WA; V.127-#?, pp. 265-279.
-J.D. Richardson and C. Zhang (2000). “Revealing Comparative Advantage: Chaotic or CoherentPatterns Across Time and Sector and U.S. Trading Partner?”. in M. Blomström and L. Goldberg,Eds. Topics in Empirical International Economics: A Festschrift in Honor of Bob Lipsey.Chicago: University of Chicago Press/NBER, pp.
C. Extensions of the HOS Structure
1. An HOS Continuum Model
-R. Dornbusch, S. Fischer and P. Samuelson (1980). "Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory with aContinuum of Goods". QJE; V.95-#2, pp. 203-224.
-C. Clague (1990). "Capital Utilization in the Heckscher-Ohlin Model with a Continuum ofGoods". IEJ; V.4-#1, pp. 1-23.
-Y. Xu (1993). "A General Model of Comparative Advantage with Two Factors and a Continuumof Goods". IER; V.34-#2, pp. 365-380.
2. Lumpy Countries
-J. Wilson (1990). "Trade and the Distribution of Economic Well-being in an Economy withLocal Public Goods". JIE; V.29-#3/4, pp. 199-215.
-P. Courant and A. Deardorff (1992). "International Trade with Lumpy Countries". JPE; V.100-#1, pp. 198-210.
-P. Courant and A. Deardorff (1993). "Amenities, Nontraded Goods, and the Trade of LumpyCountries". JUrbanE; V.34-#?, pp. 299-317.
-A. Deardorff (1993). "Directions of Lumpy Country Trade". in W. Ethier, E. Helpman and J.P.Neary, eds. Theory, Policy and Dynamics in International Trade. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 55-72.
-A. Deardorff (1996). “The Effects of Trade Liberalization on the Members of a Trading Bloc: ALumpy Country Analysis”. in M. Canzoneri, W. Ethier, and V. Grilli, eds. The NewTransatlantic Economy. Cambridge: CUP/CEPR, pp. 147-167.
-E. Bond (1993). "Trade, Factor Mobility, and Income Distribution in a Regional Model withCompensating Wage Differentials". RSUE; V.23-#1, pp. 67-84.
-E. Bond (1993). "Labor Mobility and Wage Rate Equalization". in R. Becker, M. Boldrin, R.Jones and W. Thomson, eds. General Equilibrium, Growth, and Trade II. San Diego: AcademicPress, pp. 442-459.
-S. Bucovetsky (1993). "Factor Ownership, Taxes and Specialization". CJE; V.26-#2, pp. 317-336.
-M. Herander (1992). "The Regional Consequences of of International Trade with InterregionalCapital Mobility". JIE; V.33-#3/4, pp. 373-381.
-J. Roback (1982). "Wages, Rents and the Quality of Life". JPE; V.90-#6, pp. 1257-1278.
-J. Roback (1988). "Wages, Rents and Amenities: Differences among Workers and Regions".EcInq; V.26-#1, pp. 23-41.
-P. Beeson (1991). "Amenities and Regional Differences in Returns to Worker Characteristics".JUrbanE; V.30-#?, pp. 224-241.
-J. Gyourko and J. Tracy (1991). "The Structure of Local Public Finance and the Quality of Life".JPE; V.99-#4, pp. 774-806.
-V. Mathur and S. Stein (1993). "The Role of Amenities in a General Equilibrium Model ofRegional Migration and Growth". SEJ; V.59-#3, pp. 394-409.
3. Multi-Country Models
-Y. Horiba (1974). "General Equilibrium and the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory of Trade: The Multi-Country Case". IER; V.15-#2, pp. 440-449.
-J. Harkness (1983). "The Factor-Proportions Model with Many Nations, Goods and Factors:Theory and Evidence". REStat; V.65-#?, pp. 298-305.
-A. Krueger (1977). "Growth, Distortions, and Patterns of Trade Among Many Countries". Princeton Studies in International Finance; #40.
-A. Deardorff (1984). "An Exposition and Exploration of Krueger's Trade Model". CJE; V.17-#4; pp. 731
-C. Hamilton and L.E.O. Svensson (1984). "Do Countries Factor Endowments Correspond toFactor Contents in Their Bilateral Trade Flows". ScanJE; V.86-#1, pp. 84-97.
4. Problems with Preferences
a. Trade with Diverse Preferences
-P. Kenen (1959). "Distribution, Demand and Equilibrium in International Trade". KYKLOS;V.12-#4, pp. 629-638.
-H.G. Johnson (1959). "International Trade, Income Distribution and the Offer Curve". MS;V.27-#?, pp. 241-260.
-R. Jones (1972). "Activity Analysis and Real Incomes: Analogies with Production Models". JIE;V.2-#?, pp. 277-302.
-A. Woodland (1974). "Demand Conditions in International Trade Theory". AustralianEconomic Papers; V.13-#?, pp. 209-224.
-R. Linde (1977). “Note on the Influence of Product Prices on the Distribution of Real Income”.Jahrbucher fur Nationalokonomie und Statistik; V.192-#?, pp. 276-281.
-R. Ruffin (1979). "A Note on the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem". JIE; V.7-#?, pp. 403-405.
-R. Jones (1980). "Demand Behavior and the Theory of International Trade". in J. Chipman andC. Kindleberger, eds., Flexible Exchange Rates and the Balance of Payments. Amsterdam:North-Holland.
-Y. Horiba (1982). “Aggregation, Consumer Preferences, and the Pattern of Trade”. EcLets;V.10-#?, pp. 129-136.
-J. Melvin (1985). "Domestic Taste Differences, Transportation Costs and International Trade".JIE; V.18-#?, pp. 65-82.
-A. Deardorff (1986). "FIRless FIRwoes: How Preferences Can Interfere with the Theorems ofInternational Trade". JIE; V.20-#1/2, pp. 131-142.
-Y. Horiba (1979). "Testing the Demand Side of Comparative Advantage Models". AER; V.69-#4, pp. 650-661.
b. Non-Homothetic Preferences
-Y. Horiba (1974). “Non-Homothetic Community Preferences and the n-factor Theory ofInternational Trade”. Metroeconomica; V.26-#?, pp. 171-180.
-S. Hirsch (1977). "The Leontief Paradox in a Multi-Country Setting". WA; V.113-#3, pp. 407-421.
-L. Hunter and J. Markusen (1988). "Per Capita Income as a Determinant of InternationalTrade". in R. Feenstra, ed. Empirical Methods for International Trade. Cambridge: MIT, pp.
-L. Hunter (1991). "The Contribution of Non-Homothetic Preferences to Trade". JIE; V.30-#?,pp. 345-358.
-J. Torstensson (1993). "The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek Theorem with Quasi-HomotheticPreferences". EcLets; V.1-#?, pp. 157-160.
5. Non-Traded Goods
-R. Komiya (1967). "Non-Traded Goods and the Pure Theory of International Trade". IER, V.8-#2, pp. 132-152.
-I.A. McDougall (1970). "Non-traded Commodities and the Pure Theory of International Trade".in I.A. McDougall and R. Snape, eds. Studies in International Economics, Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 157-192.
-R. Jones (1974). "Trade with Non-traded Goods: The Anatomy of Inter-connected Markets".Eca, V.?-#?, pp. 121-138.
-W. Ethier (1971). "The Two Sector Neoclassical Production Model: A Geometric Note and anExtension to Nontraded Goods". Australian Economic Papers; V.13-#?; pp. 188-195.
-W. Ethier (1972). "Nontraded Goods and the Heckscher-Ohlin Model". IER; V13-#1, pp. 132-147.
-B. Hazari, P. Sgro and D. Suh (1980). "A Simple Geometric Treatment of Non-traded Goods inthe Pure Theory of International Trade". KES; V.17-#1, pp. 91-104.
-B. Hazari, P. Sgro and D. Suh (1980). Non-Traded and Intermediate Goods and the PureTheory of International Trade. New York: St. Martins.
-F. Rivera-Batiz (1982). "Nontraded Goods and the Pure Theory of International Trade withEqual Numbers of Goods and Factors". IER; V.23-#2, pp. 401-409.
-T. Inoue (1985). "Theorems of International Trade with Nontraded Goods". ESQ; V.36-#2, pp.121-132.
-J.P. Neary (1988). “Determinants of the Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate”. AER; V.78-#1, pp.210-215.
-A. Deardorff and P. Courant (1990). "On the Likelihood of Factor Price Equalization withNontraded Goods". IER; V.31-#3, pp. 589-596.
-J. Cassing (1977). "International Trade in the Presence of Pure Monopoly in the Non-TradedGoods Sector". EJ; V.87-#?, pp. 523-532.
-D. Ghosh (1980). "Export Control in a HOS Model of Trade with Nontraded Goods". Bulletin ofEconomic Research; V.32-#1, pp. 29-34.
-D. Ghosh (1982). "A Modified Swedish-Samuelson Model: An Exercise in Export Regulation".Indian Economic Journal; V.29-#3, pp. 93-111.
-W.M. Corden and J.P. Neary (1982). "Booming Sector and De-industrialization in a Small OpenEconomy". EJ; V.92-#?, pp. 825-848.
-J.P. Neary and D. Purvis (1982). "Sectoral Shocks in a Dependent Economy: Long-runAdjustment and Short-run Accommodation". ScanJE; V.84-#2, pp. 229-253.
-H. Flamm (1985). "A Heckscher-Ohlin Analysis of the Law of Declining International Trade".CJE; V.18-#3, pp. 602-615.
6. HOS Models with Intermediate Goods and Joint Production
a. Private Intermediate Goods
(1) Interindustry Flows: Generalized HOS Models
-J. Vanek (1963). "Variable Factor Proportions and Interindustry Flows in the Theory ofInternational Trade". QJE; V.78-#1, pp. 129-142.
-R. Warne (1971). "Intermediate Goods in International Trade with Variable Proportions andTwo Primary Inputs". QJE; V.85-#?, pp. 225-236.
-M. Kemp (1969). "Intermediate Goods". in M. Kemp The Pure Theory of International Tradeand Investment. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, pp. 148-153.
-C. Khang (1971). "An Isovalue Locus Involving Intermediate Goods and Its Application to thePure Theory of International Trade". JIE; V.1-#?, pp. 315-326.
-M. Kemp and Y. Uekawa (1972). "Produced Inputs and Their Implications for Trade Theory".EcRec; V.?-#4, pp. 561-569.
-W. Chang and W. Mayer (1973). "Intermediate Goods in a General Equilibrium Trade Model".IER; V.14-#2, pp. 447-459.
-K. Okuguchi (1973). "Magnification Effects in a Two-Good Model with Intermediate Inputs".ZfN; V.33-#?, pp. 413-418.
-A. Schweinberger (1975). "The Heckscher-Ohlin Model and Traded Intermediate Products".REStud; V.42-#?, pp. 269-278.
-W. Chang (1977). "Tariff Structure and Output Adjustment in the Presence of InterindustryFlows". JIE; V.7-#?, pp. 329-342.
-C. Khang and Y. Uekawa (1973). "The Production Possibility Set in a Model AllowingInterindustry Flows: The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Convexity". JIE; V.3-#?, pp.283-290.
-D. Scheffman (1973). "Some Remarks on the Net Production Possibilities Set in Models withIntermediate Goods". JIE; V.3-#?, pp. 291-296.
-M. Kemp and C. Khang (1977). "On the Relationship Between Commodity Prices and Gross
Outputs in a General Neo-Classical Technology". IER; V.18-#?, pp. 241-245.
-M. Kemp, C. Khang and Y. Uekawa (1978). "On the Flatness of the Transformation Surface".JIE; V.8-#?, pp. 537-542.
(2) Pure Intermediates
-R. Batra and F. Casas (1973). "Intermediate Products and the Pure Theory of InternationalTrade: A Neo-Heckscher-Ohlin Framework". AER; V.63-#3, pp. 297-311.
-A. Schweinberger (1975). "Pure Traded Intermediate Products and the Heckscher-OhlinTheorem". AER; V.65-#4, pp. 634-643.
-A. Schweinberger (1975). "Comparative Advantage and Intermediate Products". EcRec; V.51-#?, pp. 191-202.
-J. Riedel (1976). "Intermediate Products and the Theory of International Trade: AGeneralization of the Pure Intermediate Goods Case". AER; V.66-#3, pp. 441-447.
-W. Der (1979). "Multi-Intermediate-Goods Trade: The Gains and a Heckscher-Ohlin Analysis".AER; V.69-#4, pp. 575-586.
-M. Tawada (1982). "The Properties of the Set of Production Possibilities with Pure IntermediateProducts". in M. Kemp, ed. Production Sets. New York: Academic Press, pp. 17-23.
-B. Murphy (1989). "Factor Price Changes and Imported Intermediate Goods". IEJ; V.3-#4, pp.19-36.
-R. Jones (1972). "The Metzler Tariff Paradox: Extensions to Nontraded and IntermediateCommodities". in G. Horwich and P. Samuelson, Trade Stability and Macroeconomics. NewYork: Academic Press, pp. 3-18.
-P.J. Lloyd (1973). "Optimal Intervention in a Distortion-Ridden Open Economy". EcRec; V.49-#?, pp. 377-393.
-K. Suzuki (1978). "The Welfare Effect of an Export Tax Levied on an Intermediate Good". QJE;V.92-#?, pp. 55-69.
-S. Das (1983). "Optimum Tariffs on Final and Intermediate Goods". IER; V.24-#2, pp. 493-508.
(3) Non-Traded Goods and Inter-Industry Flows
-A. Ray (1972). "Traded and Non-Traded Intermediate Goods and the Rybczynski Theorem".IER; V.13-#?, pp. 523-530.
-A. Ray (1975). "Traded and Non-Traded Intermediate Goods and Some Aspects of the PureTheory of International Trade". QJE; V.89-#?, pp. 331-340.
-H. Flam (1979). "The Rybczynski Theorem in a Model with Non-Traded Goods andIndecomposable Interindustry Flows". IER; V.20-#3, pp. 661-670.
-S. Kakimoto and S. Yabuuchi (1986). "The Rybczynski Theorem in a Model with Non-TradedGoods and Indecomposable Interindustry Flows: Revisited". JIE; V.20-#?, pp. 157-169.
-S. Yabuuchi and S. Kakimoto (1987). "Higher Dimensional Issues in the Rybczynski Theoremwith Nontraded Goods and Interindustry Flows". ESQ; V.38-#3, pp. 193-198.
-R. Batra and N. Naqvi (1989). "Non-Traded and Intermediate Goods and the Theory ofProtection". EER; V.33-#?, pp. 721-735.
b. Public Intermediate Goods
(1) Public Intermediate Goods in GE
-K. Kaizuka (1965). "Public Goods and Decentralization of Production". REStat; V.47-#?, pp.118-120.
-A. Sandmo (1972). "Optimality Rules for the Provision of Collective Factors of Production".JPubE; V.1-#?, pp. 149-157.
-T. Negishi (1973). "The Excess of Public Expenditures on Industry". JPubE; V.2-#?, pp. 231-240.
-R. Boadway (1973). "Similarities and Differences Between Public Goods and Public Factors".Public Finance; V.28-#?, pp. 245-257.
-A.L. Hillman (1978). "Symmetries and Asymmetries between Public-input and Public-goodEquilibria". Public Finance; V.33-#?, pp. 269-279.
-J. McMillan (1979). "A Note on the Economics of Public Intermediate Goods". Public Finance;V.34-#?, pp. 293-299.
-J. Henderson (1974). "A Note on the Economics of Public Intermediate Inputs". Eca, V.41-#?,pp. 322-327.
-T. Groves and M. Loeb (1975). "Incentives and Public Inputs". JPubE; V.4-#?, pp. 211-226.
-J.J. Laffont (1976). "Collective Factors of Production under Uncertainty". JPubE; V.5-#?, pp.313-324.
-P. Pestieau (1976). "Public Intermediate Goods and Distortionary Taxation". EER; V.7-#?, pp.351-357.
-J. McMillan (1979). "Individual Incentives in the Supply of Public Inputs". JPubE; V.12-#?, pp.87-98.
-R. Manning, J. Markusen and J. McMillan (1985). "Paying for Public Inputs". AER; V.75-#1,pp. 235-238.
-K. Abe and M. Tawada (1988). "Public Production and the Incidence of a Corporate IncomeTax". ESQ; V.39-#3, pp. 233-245.
-J. Feehan (1989). "Pareto Efficiency with Three Varieties of Public Inputs". Public Finance,V.34-#?, pp. 237-248.
(2) Public Intermediate Goods, Trade and Welfare
-J. McMillan (1978). "A Dynamic Analysis of Public Intermediate Goods Supply in an Open
Economy". IER; V.19-#?, pp. 665-677.
-R. Manning and J. McMillan (1979). "Public Intermediate Goods, Production Possibilities andInternational Trade". CJE; V.12-#2, pp. 243-257.
-M.A. Khan (1980). "A Factor Price and Public Input Equalization Theorem". EcLets; V.5-#?,pp. 1-5.
-M. Tawada (1980). "The Production-Possibility Set with Public Intermediate Goods". Etrica;V.47-#?, pp. 1005-1012.
-R. Manning and J. McMillan (1982). "The Scale Effect of Public Goods on ProductionPossibility Sets". in M. Kemp ed. Production Sets. New York: Academic Press, pp. 119-133.
-T. Pugel (1982). "Endogenous Technological Change and International Technology Transfer ina Ricardian Trade Model". JIE; V.13-#?, pp. 321-335.
-M. Tawada and K. Abe (1984). "Production Possibilities and Trade with a Public IntermediateGood". CJE; V.17-#?, pp. 232-248.
-H. Okamoto (1985). "Production Possibilities and International Trade with a Public IntermediateGood: A Generalization". ESQ; V.36-#1, pp. 35-45.
-K. Abe, H. Okamoto and M. Tawada (1986). "A Note on the Production Possibility Frontierwith Pure Public Intermediate Goods". CJE; V.19-#2, pp. 351-356.
-L. Altenburg (1987). "Production Possibilities with a Public Intermediate Good". CJE; V.20-#?,pp. 715-734.
-K. Terasaki (1990). "Production Possibilities and International Trade with Public IntermediateGood: A Further Generalization". ESQ; V.41-#2, pp. 115-123.
-S. Ishizawa (1988). "Increasing Returns, Public Input, and International Trade". AER; V.78-#?,pp. 794-795.
-S. Ishizawa (1991). "Increasing Returns, Public Inputs and Transformation Curves". CJE; V.24-#1, pp. 144-160.
-S. Ishizawa (1991). "Increasing Returns and International Trade". Osaka Economic Papers;V.40-#3/4, pp. 379-392.
-L. Altenburg (1992). "Some Trade Theorems with a Public Intermediate Good". CJE; V.25-#2,pp. 310-332.
-K. Abe (1990). "A Public Input as a Determinant of Trade". CJE; V.23-#2, pp. 400-407.
-J. Feehan (1992). "The Optimal Revenue Tariff for Public Input Provision". JDevE; V.38-#?, pp.221-231.
-M. Michael (1997). “Why Free Trade May Hurt Developing Countries”. RIE; V.5-#2, pp. 179-187.
-M.A. Khan (1983). "Public Inputs and the Pure Theory of Trade". ZfN; V.43-#?, pp. 131-156.
-M. Tawada and H. Okamoto (1983). "International Trade with a Public Intermediate Good".JIE; V.15-#?, pp. 101-115.
-M. Tawada (1989). "Public Inputs and the Theory of International Trade". in M. Tawada,Production Structure and International Trade. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 62-79.
c. Joint Production
(1) Some Basic Economics of Joint Production
-P. Samuelson (1966). "The Fundamental Singularity Theorem of Non-Joint Production". IER;V.7-#1, pp. 34-41.
-E. Burmeister and K. Kuga (1970). "The Factor-Price Frontier, Duality and Joint Production".RESTud; V.?-#?, pp. 11-19.
-M. Hirota and K. Kuga (1971). "On Intrinsic Joint Production". IER; V.12-#1, pp. 87-98.
-E. Burmeister and S. Turnovsky (1971). "The Degree of Joint Production". IER, V.12-#1, pp.99-105.
-K. Kuga (1973). "More About Joint Production". IER; V.14-#1, pp. 196-210.
-I. Steedman (1982). "Joint Production and the Wage-Rent Frontier". EJ, V.92-#?, pp. 377-385.
-C. Filippini and L. Filippini (1982). "Two Theorems on Joint Production". EJ; V.92-#?, pp.386-390.
-L. Pasinetti, ed. (1980). Essays on the Theory of Joint Production. New York: ColumbiaUniversity Press.
-W. Baumol, J. Panzer and R. Willig (1982). Contestable Markets and the Theory of IndustryStructure. New York: HBJ.
-E. Bailey and A. Friedlander (1982). "Market Structure and Multiproduct Industries". Journal ofEconomic Literature; V.20-#3, pp. 1024-1048.
(2) International Trade with Joint Production
-K. Kuga (1972). "The Factor-Price Equalization Theorem". Etrica; V.40-#?, pp. 723-736.
-H. Petith (1975). "A New Theory of International Trade Involving Joint Production". in M.Parkin and A. Nobay, eds. Contemporary Issues in Economics. Manchester: ManchesterUniversity Press, pp. 399-416.
-M. Kemp and W. Ethier (1976). "A Note on Joint Production and the Theory of InternationalTrade". in M. Kemp, Three Topics in the Theory of International Trade. Amsterdam: NorthHolland, pp. 81-84.
-A. Woodland (1977). "Joint Outputs, Intermediate Inputs and International Trade Theory". IER;V.18-#3, pp. 517-533.
-W. Chang, W. Ethier and M. Kemp (1980). "The Theorems of International Trade with JointProduction". JIE; V.10-#3, pp. 377-394.
-M. Kemp, R. Manning, K. Nishimura and M. Tawada (1980). "On the Shape of the Single-Country and World Commodity-Substitution and Factor-Substitution Surfaces under Conditionsof Joint Production". JIE; V.10-#?, pp. 395-404.
-P. Samuelson (1992). "Factor-Price Equalization by Trade in Joint and Non-Joint Production".RIE; V.1-#1, pp. 1-9.
-R. Jones (1992). "Jointness in Production and Factor-Price Equalization". RIE; V.1-#1, pp. 10-18.
-M. Albert and W. Kohler (1995). “Factor-Price Equalitzation under Joint and NonjointProduction”. ZfN; V62-#3, pp. 271-294.
d. Trade with Vertical Production
-K. Sanyal and R. Jones (1982). "The Theory of Trade in Middle Products". AER; V.72-#1, pp.16-31.
-R. Jones and D. Purvis (1983). "International Differences in Response to Common ExternalShocks: The Role of Purchasing Power Parity". in E. Claassen and P. Salin, eds. Recent Issues inthe Theory of Flexible Exchange Rates. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 33-55.
-R. Jones and B. Spencer (1989). "Raw Materials, Processing Activities, and Protectionism".CJE; V.22-#3, pp. 469-486.
e. Trade in Services
-T.P. Hill (1977). "On Goods and Services". Review of Income and Wealth; V.23-#?, pp. 315-338.
-J. Bhagwati (1984). "Splintering and Disembodiment of Services and Developing Nations".World Economy; V.7-#?, pp. 133-44.
-B. Hindley and A. Smith (1984). "Comparative Advantage in Trade in Services". WorldEconomy; V.7-#4, pp. 369-389.
-G. Sampson and R. Snape (1985). "Identifying the Issues in Trade in Services". WorldEconomy; V.8-#2, pp. 171-181.
-A. Deardorff (1985). "Comparative Advantage and International Trade and Investment inServices". in R. Stern, ed. Trade and Investment in Services: Canada/US Perspectives. Toronto:Ontario Economic Council, pp. 39-71.
-G. Grossman and C. Shapiro (1985). "Normative Issues Raised by International Trade inServices". in R. Stern, ed. Trade and Investment in Services: Canada/US Perspectives. Toronto:Ontario Economic Council
-H. Grubel (1987). "All Traded Services are Embodied in Materials or People". World Economy;V.10-#?, pp. 319-330.
-B. Hindley (1988). "Service Sector Protection: Considerations for Developing Countries".WBER; V.2-#2, pp. 205-224.
-B. Hindley (1990). "Services". in J. Schott, ed. Completing the Uruguay Round. Washington,
DC: IIE.
-S. Hirsch (1989). "Services and Service Intensity in International Trade". WA; V.125-#?, pp. 45-60.
-J. Melvin (1989). "Trade in Services: A Heckscher-Ohlin Approach". JPE; V.97-#?, pp. 1180-1196.
-S. Djajic and H. Kierzkowski (1989). "Goods, Services and Trade". Eca; V.56-#?, pp. 83-95.
-D. Burgess (1990). "Services as Intermediate Goods: The Issues of Trade Liberalization". in R.Jones and A. Krueger, eds. The Political Economy of International Trade. Oxford: BasilBlackwell; pp. 122-139.
-R. Jones and F. Ruane (1990). "Appraising the Options for Trade in Services". OEP; V.42-#?,pp. 672-687.
-J. Francois (1990). “Increasing Returns to Specialization, Monopolistic Competition and Tradein Services”. CJE; V.23-#?, pp. 109-124.
-J. Francois (1990). “Producer Services, Scale, and the Division of Labor”. OEP; V.42-#?, 715-729.
-J. Francois (1990). "Trade in Nontradables: Proximity Requirements and the Pattern of Trade inServices". JIEI; V.5-#1, pp. 31-46.
-J. Francois (1993). “Explaining the Pattern of Trade in Services”. InternationalEconomicJournal; V.7-#3, pp. 23-32.
-J. Francois (1995). “Dynamic Implications of International Trade in Financial Services”.International Economic Journal; V.9-#3, pp. 1-14.
-J. Francois and K. Reinert (1996). “The Role of Services in the Structure of Production andTrade: Stylized Facts from a Cross-Country Analysis”. Asia-Pacific Economic Review; V.2-#1,pp.35-43
-B. Hoekman (1994). "Conceptual and Political Economy Issues in Liberalizing InternaitonalTrade in Services". in A. Deardorff and R. Stern, eds. Analytical and Negotiating Issues in theGlobal Trading System. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 501-538.
-P. Messerlin and K. Sauvant, eds. (1990). Services in the World Economy. Washington, DC:The World Bank.
-A. Sapir and C. Winter (1994). "Services Trade". in D. Greenaway and L.A. Winters, eds.Surveys in International Trade. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 273-302.
7. Transportation Cost and Trade
a. Transportation Cost and the Theory of Trade
-R. Mundell (1957). "A Geometry of Transport Costs in International Trade". CJE; V.23-#?, pp.331-348. (Chapter 5 in Mundell's International Economics).
-G. Hadley and M. Kemp (1966). "Equilibrium and Efficiency in International Trade".Metroeconomica; V.18-#?, pp. 125-141.
-A. Woodland (1968). "Transportation in International Trade". Metroeconomica; V.20-#?, pp.130-135.
-H. Herberg (1970). "Economic Growth and International Trade with Transport Cost". Zeitschriftfür die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft; V.126-#?, pp. 577-600.
-J. Cassing (1978). "Transport Costs in International Trade Theory: A Comparison with theAnalysis of Nontraded Goods". QJE; V.92-#4, pp. 535-550. (Comment by Mai and Chiang(1983), V.97-#?, pp. 349-351.
-J. Cassing (1980). "Shipping Innovation in the Pure Theory of International Trade". International Journal of Transport Economics; V.-#?, pp.301-324.
-S. Yabuuchi (1985). "Transport Costs, Factor Intensities and the Rybczynski Theorem". EcLets;V.19-#1, pp. 51-55.
-R. Falvey (1976). "Transport Costs in the Pure Theory of International Trade". EJ; V.86-#?, pp.536-550. (Comment by Casas (1981), V.91-#?, pp. 741-744)
-F. Casas and E.K. Choi (1985). "Some Paradoxes of Transport Costs in International Trade".SEJ; V.?-#?, pp. 983-997.
-R. Falvey (1979). "A Short-run Model of Transport Costs in International Trade". InternationalJournal of Transport Economics; V.6-#3, pp. 319-334.
-T. Inoue (1985). "Theories of International Trade with Transport Costs". ESQ; V.36-#1, pp. 23-34.
-F. Casas and E.K. Choi (1990). "Transport Innovation and Welfare under Variable Returns toScale". IEJ; V.4-#1, pp. 45-57.
-L. Wegge (1993). "International Transportation in the Heckscher-Ohlin Model". in H. Herbergand N.V. Long, eds., Trade, Welfare and Economic Policies. Ann Arbor: University of MichiganPress, pp. 121-142.
-F. Casas (1983). "International Trade with Produced Transport Services". OEP; V.35-#?, pp.89-109.
-J. Melvin (1985). "The Regional Economic Consequences of Tariffs and DomesticTransportation Costs". CJE; V.18-#2, pp. 237-257.
b. Protective Consequences of Transportation Costs
-V. Geraci and W. Prewo (1977). "Bilateral Trade Flows and Transport Costs". REStat; V.?-#?,pp. 67-74.
-G. Sampson (1978). "An Analysis of the Sources of Intercountry Differences in InternationalTransport Costs". Economia Internazionale; V.?-#?, pp. 234-247.
-W. Prewo (1978). "The Structure of Transport Costs on Latin American Exports". WA; V.?-#?,pp. 305-327.
-W.G. Waters (1970). "Transport Costs, Tariffs and the Pattern of Industrial Protection". AER;V.60-#5, pp. 1013-1020.
-W.G. Waters (1971). "A Note on Transport Costs and the Choice of Tariff Valuation Base".JPE; V.79-#4, pp. 926-928.
-W.G. Waters (1974). "Transport Costs and the Static Welfare Costs of Tariffs". AER; V.64-$4,pp. 730-733.
-J.M. Finger and A. Yeats (1976). "Effective Protection by Transportation Costs". QJE; V.90-#?,pp. 169-176.
-J. Jansson and D. Shneerson (1978). "The Effective Protection Implicit in Linear ShippingRates". REStat; V.?-#?, pp. 569-573.
-D. Clark (1981). "Protection by International Transport Charges: Analysis by Stage ofFabrication". JDevE; V.8-#?, pp. 339-345.
-D. Clark (1981). "On the Relative Importance of International Transport Charges as a Barrierto Trade". Quarterly Review of Economics and Business; V.21-#?, pp. 127-135.
-S. Alam (19??). "Transaction Costs of Trade: Some Partial Equilibrium Results". SEJ; V.?-#?,pp. 323-329.
-K. Krutilla (1989). "Tariff Burdens and Optimal Tariffs under Alternative Transport Cost andMarket Structures". EcLets; V.311-#?, pp. 381-386.
-D. Rousslang and T. To (1993). "Domestic Trade and Transportation Costs as Barriers toInternational Trade". CJE; V.26-#1, pp. 208-221.
-J. Francois, H. Arce, J. Flynn, and K. Reinert (1996). “Commercial Policy and the DomesticCarrying Trade”. CJE; V.29-#1, pp. 181-198.
D. International Differences in Technology and Trade
-P. Stoneman (1983). The Economic Analysis of Technological Change. New York: OxfordUniversity Press.
-P. Stoneman (1987). The Economic Analysis of Technology Policy. New York: OxfordUniversity Press.
-L. Cheng (1984). "International Trade and Technology: A Brief Survey of the RecentLiterature". WA; V.120-#?, pp. 165-189.
-G. Dosi, K. Pavitt and L. Soete (1988). The Economics of Technical Change and InternationalTrade. Brighton: Wheatsheaf.
1. Technology Differences and International Trade
-A. Amano (1964). "Determinants of Comparative Costs". OEP; V.16-#?, pp. 389-400.
-P. Bardhan (1965). "International Differences in Production Functions, Trade and FactorPrices". EJ; V.75-#297, pp. 81-87.
-R. Jones (1965). "'Neutral' Technological Change and the Isoquant Map". AER; V.55-#?, pp.848-855.
-R. Jones (1970). "The Role of Technology in the Theory of International Trade". in R. Vernon,ed. The Technology Factor in International Trade. New York: Columbia/NBER, pp. 72-92.
-K. Arrow, H. Chenery, B. Minhas and R. Solow (1961). "Capital-Labor Substitution andEconomic Efficiency". REStat; V.34-#?, pp. 225-250.
-B. Minhas (1963). An International Comparison of Factor Costs and Factor Use. Amsterdam:North-Holland.
-R. Nelson (1968). "A `Diffusion` Model of International Productivity Differences inManufacturing Industry". AER; V.58-#5, pp. 1219-1248.
2. Technology Change and International Trade
a. Analysis of Technological Change in GE
-H. Uzawa (1961). "Neutral Inventions and the Stability of Growth Equilibrium". REStud; V.28-#?, pp. 117-124.
-A. Asimakopoulos and J. Weldon (1963). "The Classification of Technical Progress in Modelsof Economic Growth". Eca; V.30-#?, pp. 372-386.
-A. Amano (1964). "Biased Technical Progress and a Neoclassical Theory of Economic Growth".QJE; V.78-#1, pp. 129-138.
-P. Diamond (1965). "Disembodied Technical Change in a Two-Sector Model". REStud; V.32-#?, pp. 161-168.
-W. Chang (1970). "The Neoclassical Theory of Technical Progress". AER; V.60-#?, pp. 912-923.
b. Endogenous Technology Choice
-W. Fellner (1961). "Two Propositions in the Theory of Induced Innovation". EJ; V.71-#?, pp.305-308.
-C. Kennedy (1964). "Induced Bias in Innovation and the Theory of Distribution". EJ; V.74-#?,pp. 541-547.
-P. Samuelson (1965). "A Theory of Induced Innovation Along Kennedy-Weizsäcker Lines".REStat; V.47-#?, pp. 343-356. (Comment by Kennedy and Reply, REStat, V.48-#?, pp. 442-448)
-C.C. von Weizsäcker (1966). "Tentative Notes on a Two Sector Model with Induced TechnicalProgress". REStud; V.33-#?, pp. 245-251.
-E.M. Drandakis and E. Phelps (1966). "A Model of Induced Invention, Growth andDistribution". EJ; V.76-#?, pp. 823-840
-A. Amano (1967). "Induced Bias in Technological Progress and Economic Growth". ESQ;V.17-#?, pp. 1-17.
-W. Chang (1970). "A Two-Sector Model of Economic Growth with Induced TechnicalProgress". CJE; V.3-#?, pp.
-W. Chang (197?). "Induced Bias in Invention in Two-Sector Growth Models". Metroeconomica;V.?-#?, pp. 288-305.
-W. Nordhaus (1967). "The Optimal Rate and Direction of Technical Change". in K. Shell, ed.Essays on the Theory of Optimal Economic Growth. Cambridge: MIT, pp. 53-66.
-W. Nordhaus (1969). "An Economic Theory of Technological Change". AER; V.59-#2, pp. 18-28.
-M. Gort and R. Wall (1986). "The Evolution of Technologies and Investment in Innovation".EJ; V.96-#?, pp. 741-757.
-K. Arrow (1969). "Classifacatory Notes on the Production and Transmission of TechnologicalKnowledge". AER; V.59-#2, pp. 29-35.
-A. Atkinson and J. Stiglitz (1969). "A New View of Technological Change". EJ; V.79-#315, pp.573-578.
-C. Kennedy (1973). "A Generalisation of the Theory of Induced Bias in Technical Progress".EJ; V.83-#?, pp. 48-57.
-K. Shell (1966). "Toward a Theory of Inventive Activity and Capital Accumulation". AER;V.56-#2, pp. 62-68.
-K. Shell (1967). "A Model of Inventive Activity and Capital Accumulation". in K. Shell, ed.Essays on the Theory of Optimal Economic Growth. Cambridge: MIT, pp. 67-85..
c. Technology Change in Models of International Trade
-J. Hicks (1953). "An Inaugural Lecture". OEP; V.5-#?, pp. 117-135.
-M. Kemp (1955). "Technological Change, Terms of Trade and Welfare". EJ; V.65-#?, pp. 457-473.
-R. Findlay and H. Grubert (1959). "Factor Intensities, Technological Progress and the Terms ofTrade". OEP; V.11-#1, pp. 111-121.
-P. Doeringer (1967). "Factor Prices and Technological Change". EcInq; V.?-#?, pp. 111-121.
-J. Borkakoti (1980). "Generalized Findlay-Grubert Theorems". QJE; V.95-#4, pp. 587-611.
-J.P. Neary (1981). "On the Short-Run Effects of Technological Progress". OEP; V.33-#2, pp.224-233.
-M.V. Posner (1961). "International Trade and Technical Change". OEP; V.?-#3, pp. 323-341.
-J. Chipman (1970). "Induced Technical Change and Patterns of International Trade". in R.Vernon, ed. pp. 94-127.
-R. Klein (1973). "A Dynamic Theory of Comparative Advantage". AER; V.63-#1, pp. 173-184.
-R. Klein (1977). Dynamic Competition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
-M. Teubal (1975). "Toward a Neotechnology Theory of Comparative Costs". QJE; V.85-#?, pp.415-431.
-J. Borkakoti (197?). "Some Welfare Implications of the Neo-Technology Hypothesis of thePattern of International Trade". OEP; V.?-#?, pp. 383-399.
-C. Hamilton and H.T. Soderstrom (1981). "Technology and International Trade: A HeckscherOhlin Approach". in S. Grassman and E. Lundberg, eds. The World Economic Order: Past andProspects. London: Macmillan, pp. 167-193.
-L. Cheng (1984). "International Competition in R&D and Technological Leadership: AnExamination of the Posner-Hufbauer Hypothesis". JIE; V.17-#?, pp. 15-40.
-J.S. Metcalfe and L. Soete (1984). "Notes on the Evolution of Technology and InternationalCompetition". in M. Gibbons, et al. eds. Science and Technology Policy in the 1980's andBeyond. London: Longmans.
-H. Katrak (1988). "R&D, International Production and Trade: The Technological Gap Theory ina Factor-Endowment Model". MS; V.56-#3, pp. 205-222.
-W.E. Diewert (1987). "The Effects of an Innovation: A Trade Theory Approach". CJE; V.20-#4,pp. 694-714.
3. Empirical Evidence on Technology and Trade
a. Testing the Technology-Gap Hypothesis
-G.C. Hufbauer (1966). Synthetic Materials and International Trade. London: Duckworth.
-W. Gruber, D. Mehta and R. Vernon (1967). "The R&D Factor in International Trade andInvestment of US Industries. JPE; V.75-#1, pp. 20-37.
-D. Keesing (1967). "The Impact of R&D on US International Trade". JPE; V.75-#1, pp. 38-45.
-W. Gruber and R. Vernon (1971). "The Technology Factor in a World Trade Matrix". in R.Vernon ed. The Technology Factor in International Trade. New York: Columbia UniversityPress/NBER, pp. 233-272.
-G.C. Hufbauer (1971). "The Impact of National Characteristics and Technology on theCommodity Composition of Trade in Manufactured Goods". in R. Vernon ed. The TechnologyFactor in International Trade. New York: Columbia University Press/NBER, pp. 145-231.
-H. Katrak (1973). "Human Skills, R&D and Scale Economies in the Exports of the UK and US".OEP; V.25-#2, pp. 337-360.
-S. Hirsch (1974). "Capital or Technology? Confronting the Neo-Factor Proportions and Neo-Technology Accounts of International Trade". WA; V.110-#?, pp. 535-563
-F. Wolter (1977). "Factor Proportions, Technology and West German Industry's InternationalTrade Patterns". WA; V.113-#2, pp. 250-267.
-E. Graham (1979). "Technological Innovation and the Dynamics of US ComparativeAdvantage". in C. Hill and J. Utterback, eds. Technological Innovation for a Dynamic Economy.New York: Pergammon Press.
-A. Aquino (1981). "Changes Over Time in the Pattern of Comparative Advantage inManufactured Goods: An Empirical Analysis for the Period 1962-1974". EER; V.15-#1, pp. 41-62.
-L. Soete (1981). "A General Test of Technology Gap Trae Theory". WA; V.117-#4, pp.
-G. Dosi and L.G. Soete (1983). "Technology Gaps and Cost-based Adjustment: SomeExplorations on the Determinants of International Competitiveness". Metroeconomica; V.35-#3,pp. 197-222.
-K. Pavitt and L. Soete (1980). "Innovative Activities and Export Shares: Some Comparisonsbetween Industries and Countries". in K. Pavitt, ed. Technical Innovation and British EconomicPerformance. London: Macmillan, pp. 38-66.
-K. Pavitt and L. Soete (1982). "International Differences in Economic Growth and theInternational Location of Innovation". in H. Giersch ed. Emerging Technologies--Consequencesfor Economic Growth, Structural Change and Employment. Tubingen: JCB Mohr.
-L. Sveikauskas (1983). "Science and Technology in US Foreign Trade". EJ; V.93-#?, pp. 242-261.
-L. Sveikauskas (1984). "Science and Technology in Many Different Industries: Data for theAnalysis of International Trade". Review of Public Data Use; pp. 133-156.
-K.S. Hughes (1986). "Exports and Innovation: A Simultaneous Model". EER; V.30-#2, pp. 383-399.
b. International Technology Differences, Sectoral Productivity (TFP) and Trade Patterns
(1) Technology Differences and Trade Pattern
-A. Krueger and B. Tuncer (1982). "Growth of Factor Productivity in Turkish ManufacturingIndustries". JDevE; V.11-#?, pp. 307-325.
-M. Nishimizu and S. Robinson (1984). "Trade Policies and Productivity Change in Semi-Industrialized Countries". JDevE; V.16-#?, pp. 177-206.
-T.J. Chen and D. Tang (1990). "Export Performance and Productivity Growth: The Case ofTaiwan". EDCC; V.38-#?, pp. 577-585.
-D. Dollar, W. Baumol, and E. Wolff (1988). "The Factor-Price Equalization Model and IndustryLabor Productivity". in R. Feenstra, ed. Empiical Methods for International Trade. Cambridge:MIT, pp. 5-22.
-D. Dollar and E. Wolff (1993). Competitiveness, Convergence, and InternationalSpecialization. Cambridge: MIT.
-K. Maskus (1991). "Comparing International Trade Data and Product and NationalCharacteristics Data for the Analysis of International Trade Models". in P. Hooper and J.D.Richardson, eds. International Economic Transactions: Issues in Measurement and Empirical
Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press/NBER, pp. 17-56.
-R. Brecher and E. Choudhri (1993). "Some Empirical Support for the HO Model of Production".CJE; V.26-#2, pp. 272-285.
-J. Harrigan (1995). "Factor Endowments and The International Location of Production:Econometric Evidence for the OECD, 1970-1985". JIE; V.39-#1/2, pp. 123-141.
-D. Trefler (1995). “The Case of Missing Trade and Other Mysteries”. AER; V.85-#5, pp. 1029-1046.
-K. Maskus and A. Webster (1999). “Estimating the HOV Model with Technology DifferencesUsing Disaggregated Labor Skills for the United States and the United Kingdom”. RIE; V.7-#1,pp. 8-19.
(2) Measuring Technology Difference
(a) Theory
-W.E. Diewert (1976). "Exact and Superlative Index Numbers". Journal of Econometrics; V.4-#?, pp. 115-145.
-D. Caves, L. Christensen and W.E. Diewert (1982). "Multilateral Comparisons of Output, Input,and Productivity Using Superlative Index Numbers". EJ; V.92-#1, pp. 73-86.
-D. Caves, L. Christensen and W.E. Diewert (1982). "The Economic Theory of Index Numbersand the Measurement of Input, Output, and Productivity". Etrica; V.50-#6, pp. 1393-1414.
-W.E. Diewert (1983). "The Theory of the Output Price Index and the Measurement of RealOutput Change". in Price Level Measurement. Toronto: Statistics Canada, pp. 1049-1113.
(b) Practice
-F. Gollop and D. Jorgenson (1980). "US Productivity Growth by Industry, 1947-1973". in J.Kendrick and B. Vaccara, eds. New Developments in Productivity Measurement and Analysis.Chicago: Univeristy of Chicago Press, pp. 17-136.
-K. Conrad and D. Jorgenson (1985). "Sectoral Productivity Gaps between the US, Japan andGermany, 1960-1979". in Probleme unde Perspektiven der weltwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 335-347.
-D. Jorgenson, M. Kuroda, and M. Nishimizu (1987). "Japan-US Industry-Level ProductivityComparisons, 1960-1979". Journal of Japanese and International Economies; V.1-#1, pp. 1-30.
-D. Jorgenson and M. Kuroda (1990). "Productivity and Internationl Competitiveness in Japanand the US". in C. Hulten, ed. Productivity Growth in Japan and the US. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, pp. 29-55
-W. Gullickson and M. Harper (1987). "Multifactor Productivity in US Manufacturing, 1949-1983". Monthly Labor Review; October, pp. 18-28.
-W. Gullickson and M. Harper (1992). "Multifactor Productivity in Manufacturing Industries".Monthly Labor Review; October, pp. 20-32.
-R. Nelson (1981). "Research on Productivity Growth and Differences". JEL; V.19-#3, pp. 1029-1064.
-I. Kravis (1984). "Comparative Studies of National Income and prices". JEL; V.22-#1, pp. 39.
-R. Maris (1984). "Comparing the Incomes of Nations". JEL; V.22-#1, pp. 40-57.
-R. Summers and A. Heston (1991). "The Penn World Table (Mark V): An Expanded Set ofInternational Comparisons, 1950-1988". QJE; V.106-#?, pp. 327-368.
-B. van Ark (1993). "The ICOP Approach--Its Implications and Applicability" in A. Szimari, B.van Ark and D. Pilat, eds. Explaining Economic Growth--Essays in Honor of Angus Madison.Amsterdam: North-Holland.
-D. Nuxoll (1994). "Differences in Relative Prices and International Differences in GrowthRates". AER; V.84-#5, pp. 1423-1436.
-B. van Ark (1990). "Comparative Levels of Manufacturing Productivity in Postwar Europe:Measurement and Comparisons". Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, V.52-#4, pp. 343-34.
-B. van Ark and D. Pilat (1993). "Productivity Levels in Germany, Japan and the US: Differencesand Causes". BPEA--Microeconomics; #2, pp. 1-69.
-D. Pilat (1993). "The Sectoral Productivity Performance of Japan and the US, 1885-1990".Review of Income and Wealth; V.39-#4, pp. 357-375.
-J. Harrigan (1994). "Cross-Country Comparisons of Industry Total Factor Productivity: Theoryand Evidence". ms: University of Pittsburgh.
-J. Harrigan (1997). “Estimation of Cross-Country Differences in Industry ProductionFunctions”. JIE; V.47-#2, pp. 267-293.