lisa bornemann lighting/electrical independence visitor center philadelphia, pa independence visitor...

Independence Visitor CenterPhiladelphia, PA

Lisa Bornemann Lighting/Electrical

INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCEVISITOR CENTERVISITOR CENTERPHILADELPHIA, PAPHILADELPHIA, PA

SENIOR THESIS SENIOR THESIS PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

APRIL 17, 2003APRIL 17, 2003

BY LISA BORNEMANNLIGHTING / ELECTRICAL



• TABLE OF CONTENTS

INDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTERINDEPENDENCE VISITOR CENTER

INTRODUCTION

THEATER LIGHTING

TICKET COUNTER LIGHTING

MAIN HALL LIGHTING

GLAZING STUDY

NOT DISCUSSED:

ELECTRICAL DESIGN

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

EXTERIOR LIGHTING



• LOCATION

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Philadelphia, PA

Redevelopment of Independence National Historical Park

Independence Mall:

Independence Visitor CenterNational Constitution CenterLiberty Bell Pavilion



Picture courtesy of Brinjac Engineering

• BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS


• 54,000 square foot 2 story facility built above an existing 3 story parking garage.

• Steel building with a brick façade.

• Copper hip roof with skylights through part of it and a cupola in the center.

• Large windows cover both the east and west sides.

• Grand Opening: November 19, 2001



• DESIGN TEAM


Architect: Kallmann, McKinnell & Wood Architects

Owners: Independence Visitor Center Corporation National Park Service Philadelphia Parking Authority

MEP Engineers: Brinjac / Kambic & Associates

Lighting Designers: Fisher Marantz Stone

Master Planners: Olin Partnership



Philadelphia, PA: Latitude: 39° N Longitude:

75° W

• BUILDING ORIENTATION

Ticket CounterMain Hall

Theater





INTRODUCTION

THEATER LIGHTING


MAIN HALL LIGHTING

GLAZING STUDY



• SPACE CONDITIONS

THEATERTHEATER

FINISHES

FLOOR WALLS CEILING FURNITURE

Rubber – Matte dark grayρ = 0.20

Acoustical Panels and drywall painted matte off-whiteΡ = 0.55

Drywall painted matte off-whiteρ = 0.70

Benches for 170 seats and Podium: Light wood with matte finish



• DESIGN GOALS

THEATERTHEATER

ILLUMINANCE LEVELS

TASK HORIZONTAL

Circulation during video 0.1 – 0.2 fc

Circulation before, after, and intermission

5 fc

Reading before, after, and intermission

30 fc

Speaker at podium 30 fc



• DESIGN GOALS

THEATERTHEATER

•To highlight the speaker at the podium

•Luminance Ratio 5:1•To have good facial modeling of the speaker and audience•To provide adequate visibility for safe circulation at all times•To provide comfortable viewing conditions•To minimize the power density: below the recommended value of 1.6 W/sq. ft. for a motion picture theater



• REFLECTED CEILING PLAN

THEATERTHEATER

Recessed 6” aperture CFL downlight

Cove mounted fluorescent T8 strip

Recessed 4” aperture halogen adjustable accent light



• CALCULATION RESULTS

THEATERTHEATER

Illuminance levelsFloor = 30 fc

Illuminance levelsSpeaker = 15-25 fcWall = 2-3 fc

Illuminance levelsFloor = 3-4 fc

Luminance RatiosSpeaker : Wall = 5:1

Power Density1.04 W/sq.ft. < 1.6 W/sq.ft.



• FINAL RENDERINGS

THEATERTHEATER

Path of egress during video




THEATERTHEATER




INTRODUCTION

THEATER LIGHTING


MAIN HALL LIGHTING

GLAZING STUDY



• LOCATION

TICKET COUNTERTICKET COUNTER





WINDOW WINDOW

FINISHES

FLOOR WALLS CEILING FURNITURE

Rubber - Matte dark gray

ρ = 0.20

Gypsum wall board painted off-white

ρ = 0.55

Drywall painted matte off-white

ρ = 0.70

Desk: Light wood with matte finish

Counter: Dark gray, matte, ρ = 0.20



• DESIGN GOALS

ILLUMINANCE LEVELS

TASK HORIZONTAL VERTICAL

Reading written or printed tasks 30 fc

VDT Screen 3 fc 3 fc




• DESIGN GOALS


•To use facial modeling to make the workers look approachable•To highlight the back wall to draw people’s attention•To provide a comfortable place for people to work•To prevent direct and reflected glare from VDT screens•To prevent glare and shadows on the work plane•To provide a power density that is below the recommended value of 1.5 W/sq. ft.



• REFLECTED CEILING PLAN

Backlit frosted glass wall


T8 fluorescent strip mounted behind glass wall for backlighting

T8 strip mounted in cove as a wallwasher

6” aperture CFL downlight



• BACKLIT WALL DETAILS


Fluorescent T8 strip

White Back WallFrosted Glass Wall

SECTION AT BACKLIT WALL FRONT VIEW OF BACKWALL

Acoustical Ceiling Tile

3M Film

Office

Backlit Frosted Glass Wall







Illuminance levelsCounters = 30 fc

Floor behind main counter = 20 fc

Floor behind side counters = 30 fc





Luminance Ratios:VDT Screen and surrounding

counters = 1:3 Screen : computer = 1:4

Power Density: 1.16 W/sq.ft. < 1.5 W/sq.ft




INTRODUCTION

THEATER LIGHTING


MAIN HALL LIGHTING

GLAZING STUDY



• LOCATION

MAIN HALLMAIN HALL




FINISHES

FLOOR WALLS CEILINGSKYLIGHT GLAZING

Gray-Green Terrazzo ρ = 0.30

Gypsum wall board painted off-white (Larson’s Cream)ρ = 0.55

Perforated metal deck w/ acoustical panels, painted matte white. Parts with skylights.ρ = 0.70

Total existing system: Tv=50% SC = 0.38

MAIN HALLMAIN HALL



• DESIGN GOALS

ILLUMINANCE LEVELS

TASK HORIZONTAL VERTICAL

Circulation 10 fc 3 fc

MAIN HALLMAIN HALL



• DESIGN GOALS

MAIN HALLMAIN HALL

•To make the space feel like it is outside•To increase the daylight in the space through addition of skylights•To avoid as much direct glare as possible from skylights•Integrate daylight with electric light•To create a pleasing and inviting environment•To provide a power density that is below the recommended value of 0.5 – 1.6 W/sq. ft. for a corridor or transition space



• REDESIGN

MAIN HALLMAIN HALL

T5HO Strip Uplighting the roof with light blue gels to match the color of daylight

Surface mounted to bottom of truss, T5HO lamp with cross baffles.

Additional Skylights



• REDESIGN

MAIN HALLMAIN HALL

Additional skylights will be added to the already existing skylight configuration

Locations of additional skylights



• REDESIGN

MAIN HALLMAIN HALL

Direct Glare Prevention from Skylights

Use Micro Sun Shielding Louvers embedded between the two panes of glass in the skylights.

They reflect the direct solar rays while allowing the diffuse skylight to pass through.

Diffuse Skylight Solar Radiation

The Micro Sun Shielding Louver is used in this example. The skylights still appear clear.




MAIN HALLMAIN HALL

With electric light only

Illuminance on floor = 12 fc Power Density:

1.56 W/sq.ft. < 1.6W sq.ft.



• RENDERINGS

MAIN HALLMAIN HALL




INTRODUCTION

THEATER LIGHTING


MAIN HALL LIGHTING

GLAZING STUDY



MAIN HALLMAIN HALL

• GLAZING STUDY Calculations performed in Radiance

Existing skylight configuration and new skylight configuration

Dates: June 21 and December 21

Times: 9:00 am, 12:00 pm, and 4:00 pm

Sky conditions: Clear

Glazing: Existing Glazing – Transmittance = 54%, SC = 0.38

Calculation Results

Existing skylight conditions do not provide a uniform illuminance on the floor due to the shape of the skylights.

The maximum illuminance levels are the same for both configurations, but the new configuration is much more

uniform

There is plenty of light on the floor most times of the day and year. The times when electric light will be necessary are after 4:00 pm.

December 4:00 pm: 12-20 fc

June 4:00 pm: 100-150 fc



CHARACTERISTICS OF GLAZINGS COMPARED

GlazingVisible Light

TransmittanceU-value Winter

U-value Summer SHGC SC

Outdoor Visible Light

Reflectance

Sungate 500 (2) Clear 74% 0.35 0.38 0.6 0.7 16%

Solarban 80 (2) Clear 47% 0.29 0.29 0.23 0.27 32%

Solarcool (2) Azuria 26% 1.09 1.14 0.36 0.41 19%

Solarban 60 (3) Azuria 52% 0.29 0.31 0.3 0.35 9%

MAIN HALLMAIN HALL

• GLAZING STUDY



MAIN HALLMAIN HALL

• GLAZING STUDY MECHANICAL LOAD COMPARISON

Glazing Type Cooling Load

(BTU/hr)

Cooling Load (Tons)

Heating Load

(BTU/hr)

Heating Load (Tons)

Sungate 500 (2) Clear

168780 14.1 205625 17.1

Solarban 80 (2) Clear

155281 12.9 201317 16.8

Solarcool (2) Azuria

187569 15.6 260544 21.7

Solarban 60 (3) Azuria

165967 13.8 202035 16.8

Compared with mechanical loads for existing skylight configuration: Cooling = 11.7 tons Heating = 16.2 tons



• CONCLUSION •Additional skylights are recommended:

Electric light is only rarely required

People will feel close to the outdoors

Minimal heating and cooling load changes with properly selected glazing

•Power densities were below requirements

•Design solutions meet the required criteria

•Designs had minimal intrusion on the spaces

All fixtures were hidden in coves or at least recessed



• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AE FACULTY

DR. MISTRICK

DR. MOECK

ED WUNDERLEY

AE FRIENDS

KEVIN OLSAVSKY – BRINJAC ENGINEERING

FISHER MARANTZ STONE

FRIENDS AND FAMILY



QUESTIONS?????



• CONTROLS

THEATERTHEATER



• BACKLIT WALL DETAILS




MAIN HALLMAIN HALL

• GLAZING CONFIGURATIONNew glazing panes: 3’4” x 6’5”

Old glazing panes: 3’4” x 2’1”

New glazing Area: 1480 sq. ft.

Old glazing Area: 564.6 sq. ft.

Increase in area by 162%



MAIN HALLMAIN HALL

• STRUCTURAL STUDY Due to an increase in load with the skylights a structural study was performed

Deflection and Moment Calculations were performed

W10x22 + C6x8.2

W10x33 + W6x9

W10x22

New skylight added to existing skylight to match larger skylight

W10x22 + C6X8.2



MAIN HALLMAIN HALL

• STRUCTURAL STUDY



Power Density: Theater

TypeLamp Wattage

Input Wattage

Number Fixtures

Total Wattage

FA 32 38 25 950

FB 32 29.5 22 649

FC 20 20 2 40

Total Wattage 1639

Square Footage 1580

Power Density 1.04

THEATERTHEATER

• POWER DENSITY




• POWER DENSITY Power Density: Ticket Counter

TypeLamp

WattageInput

WattageNumber Fixtures

Total Wattage

FD 26 26.5 16 424

FE 32 35 4 140

FF 32 37.3 7 261.1

FF-1 16 17.5 1 17.5

Total Wattage 842.6

Square Footage 729

Power Density 1.16



MAIN HALLMAIN HALL

• POWER DENSITY

Power Density: Main Hall

TypeLamp Wattage

Input Wattage

Number Fixtures

Total Wattage

FG 54 62 10 620

FH 54 58.5 88 5148

Total Wattage 5768

Square Footage 3700

Power Density 1.56

lisa bornemann lighting/electrical independence visitor center philadelphia, pa independence visitor...

Documents

pa philadelphia

motion picture theater

matte finish slide

podium30 fc slide

olin partnership slide

pa senior thesis presentation

fc speaker

fc circulation