W yh iL q sdiu Wo kr eB tt !re hT i s i ver trohs a s i fo we yhw dna woh il uq i s nac stcudorp sd re ev to s ol ev som p e r bo le sm in dna fruT

atnemanrO l tref iliz p re r argo sm .

Li uq i sd sv . unarG l ra lP eca m ne t fo rtuN i stne : p ehT l tob fo tnemeca tref h i il ez r ew sa s ll a m s icr tuno ri stne eb yam a pmocc li dehs i areneg owt n l .syaw unarG lar tam erial a s r ppa e il de rd y a dn mu ts eb pa p il de d dna i ss ol ev d aft re pl os eht no tnemeca li , hw li e

il uq i ,sd a er ppa li a de l gno wit t h eh irri tag ion wat u re sing a tref i tag io o metsys n r yb usi a gn sp ar y tank .

unarG lar W unarg neh l ra i eht desu s ppa il cati no is u s au ll y af irly h i ar hg t e in t redro o mak e sure ht ta t eh gr una lar ap rticles a re s e daerp ev nly o ev r ht e surface of t eh rg o dnu . T eb o eff tce iv t e unarg eh l tam ra erial tsum

di oss lve na d be c ra ried int o ht e r too z eno . T eh r e i on s of li deef ra i gn w i eht ht arg un l ra . unarg ehT lar p ra ticle s ra e e v ne le ss e ff ici tne w t neh eh ref ti il z re i s on rp t li l etam suonegomoh ,de rial. trap ehT icl se

b yam e na i cn t ro h wo rapa t if e ev nly d i ts ri ub te ca d r us eht sso rfa ec o f ut a rf ra ea. t ynaM i h sem i hgppa fo setar lication ra e u s eb de c ua s e o d eht f i ff icul yt o f ps r ae di t gn eh rg a un lar ref tiliz re .s no aera ehT

hw i eht hc p tra icle re sts ma y be tref revo i il a eht dna dez r ae in b wte nee the rap ticl se may eb dnu reref ti il z de . T eh re us lt can be s a p ad ,detto rk dna li hg t g r ee n tu fr . Thi dnoc s iti no ,nac no og lf gr nee ,s

cr ae t e bump dnoc y iti no s by t he after noon .

nretsew eht nI Uni det t fo hcum setatS h taw e e a r nd c no s qe eu ntly eht os li ac n ah ev very h i hg Hp av l hw ,seu unarg ynam ne l tref ra ili srez that c no tai u n r o ae r even ts ba iliz de ru ea a er placed eht no

t fo ecafrus he gr nuo d ac aeru eht , n con c no vert t o a mm no ia a s ag a s. %09 revO o ht f i nomma s i sag aHN( 3 eb nac ) l tso even dna r p l ca de int o ht e s o li . Thi s i s related ot b to h eht h i h eht dna Hp hg i hg

tem rep ta ur .e nU l eru eht sse a is di ss ol ev d na d ac rr i de d wo n i tn o eht soil pr fo ile srevnoc eht ion can be rapi d a dn result in v re y in ffe icient ut ili taz i no of t eh fert ili ez r. T eh user nac etaf emas l t i eht n l fo sso

eht fo hcum ca idi nomma c i mu i no ( HN 4+ tref ) i il rez s pl h no deca i os Hp hg li esuaceb fo hcum eht

a nomm i mu i no stcaer wi xordyh eht ht i ed ion i t n he so li dna i nomma ot detrevnoc s i hcum dna sag a of t nomma eh ia ac n eb l t tso o eht pl na ts. Thi borp s l me is detabrecaxe u dn oh re t a dn rd y co dn iti no s.

g retfA ranul ra fert ili ez r ah s b nee p l h ,toh no deca i os Hp hg li s i t i ssop s ibl ems ot e ll nomma eht ia ht at is cr ae t de na d ultimately l p eht ot tso l tna tam eria .l

arpS y A snoitacilpp A pp il tac i sno of il uq id f re ti il ez r a dn os lution s of micro un tri ne st no ro man ne tal s dna ut r saera f

vorp i om a ed r snoc e i neve ,tnets app il cati no ht na g eht r una lar tam erial .s T eh n tu ri ne era stal ydaer i os n l tu i no na d eht spra y app il cati no yam eb ev ne l y ppa lied to rut f a re sa na d no

atnemanro ls. Sol bu l ef e rt ili ez r am s tsujda eb y e txe ot d r eme l y l oc wo nce tn ration s in t eh yarps os l tu ion hw i hw hc li e rp vo idi gn n assece r tun y rie ,stn minimizes t he op ss ib ili yt of ts ress . W neheht tref i il ez r solutions era a pp il ot de ht e s o li in a spra y ro wit h f re ti ag tion ro orciM“ - ”noitagitreF

atnemanro ot l ut ro s rf snoc , i tnets dna e ev n org tw h is bo s re v de with uo or eht t ll er- etsaoc r tceffe t ah t may be obs re dev with h ae vie r gr na ul ra a pp il cation .s SS lioSauqA iuqil d srezilitref

vorp i c daorb a ed hoi ec of ylhgih c no tnec rated s oluti sno hcihw may eb d li eht ot detu pr repoc no ce tn rati no slevel ot orp vi ed eht cen e ss ra y tun rien st era hcihw re uq i der by t eh plan st .

“Mi treForc i tag ion” ehT ssecorp fo eht dda iti no fo fe tr ili ez r dna mic unor tri ne st al gno with t eh irri tag ion water in yrev l wo tnecnoc r ta ion, ef rti tag i ,no is a widely a tpecc de met doh of f re ti il zati no in rga icultu er , tub the tpecnoc dah ton be ne a cc pe ted in ut eht rf na d l na acsd ep in ud ts ry bec ua es o f the rae ly

sdohtem fo hi hg tnecnoc r ta i no a pp il tac io sn t ah t w re e us de . ehT initial ta t stpme to uti il ez ef tr i tag i no tem wi ht gram i an l ,sseccus esuaceb ebyam a uf ll nuop d fo nitr go ne saw a pp il ed in

a si gn le nig th of irri ag tion. deeN l sse ot yas if the s rp inkler voc are eg saw ton rep fe tc eb c ua es fo a kcuts daeh ro eht wi dn bl ,we the cov egare saw in oc nsi ts e tn at eb ts . ynaM smetsys taht

erew i atsn ll ew de r aba e nodn e d in ot tal rf tsu rati no .

ehT esu fo eht dohtem saw ta a dnats ts li l tnu il eht l eta 791 0 s’ w eh n a en w oc nc pe ,t rciM o itreF gation, saw i ecudortn d yb T mo uL bin. hT is ssecorp saw si pm ly to i tcejn ht e il uq id

ref t ili ez r in txe r eme ly ams ll tnauq ities per nig th of ppa il cati no . roF pmaxe l ,e a lamron a pp il tac i no usi gn orciM F itre g ita on uow ld dda 10.0 or 0.02 uop nds of nitr go ne ro le ss ep r

ppa il tac i no dna uow ld pots w neh a total of 0. 52 lbs of N ah d eeb n ppa il de . T eh proce ss uohs l uof ot owt ekat d r ,skeew i tcejn i gn th eer uof ro r ni hg st in su cc e ss ion ae hc w ee k.

ppA il de in ht is hsaf i ,no the nitr nego c na on w eb us de sa t eh ultimate gro tw h r uge lat ro . T eh

repus i tnednetn or am i ecnanetn ennosrep l c na co tn rol gro tw h wh li e ts i ll rp vo iding col ro to bo ht frut dna emanro ntals. W neh eht wi ed nitr nego ws ings, ac us de yb o cc asi ano l, lar eg arg un lar

ro il uq id ppa il tac i no s was m redo ta ed, t eh plant’s deen f ro a ll other un tri ne st in pr po ortio an l tnauq ities saw erom in cnys h. ehT il thg c no si ts ent nit negor fe de i gn with no gre ta ahc egn s

nac eh lp ot ortnoc l os li Hp dna ekam eht hpsohp o sur dna ot eh r mic or nutri ne st much more ava li able t ht o e pla tn s.

T eh ouq te, A" elttil si g doo , a l to is bet et r", dah neeb eht a cc e tp ed met oh d fo a pp il cation fo nitr ego n- sab de fertiliz re s in t eh tsap . This em thod of orciM F itre g ita on saw na i tnatropm al taret i no fo tref ili taz i no sdohtem ton no ly i n ut rf b tu a ll rga o on ym ceb ua s e it a ll o sw eht p re son in egrahc fo eht pa p il cati no to vah e co tn rol of t eh rate of gro tw h. The be ts thi gn a ob ut usi gn

eht ni negort sa the htworg uger l ta ro is th ta if the rg two h dr po ,s t eh rate of gro tw h c na eb i desaercn aga in yb eht f il p fo a ws i ct h on t eh f re tig ta i no tsys em na d t eh dda ition fo tsuj

ehtona r pa p il tac i no of fert ili z re . T eh eb ts qu to e oba tu orciM F itre gation saw morf a og lf esruoc repus inten ned t w oh ias d tI" nac be esu d ekil a p nia t b ur s .h fI til a t m el o er oc lor or

t deen I lla ,dedeen si htworg o od nrut si o n t eh s sy t .me " tI tsum eb derebmemer taht in or red ot mreted i en eht tnauq i yt fo nitr go en een d de to provide

eht reporp htworg dna oc l ro desired for t eh parti uc l ra fac ili yt , it is en ce ass ry to ma ek a il ght ppa il tac i ,no yas 0. 52 lbs of nitrog ne , na d obs re ev the er ps no se. nO ly tfa er this bo s re vati no

w lli it eb ssop ible ot ed t re mi en t eh pr epo r a pp il tac i no rate. T eh i aed l level s uoh ld be ap- dehcaorp f eht mor l s wo i .ed a syawla nac uoY" dd om ,er it rah si d ti ekat ot fo "f .

T eh " rciM Fo itre g ita on" metsys a ll swo rof eht fir ts ti ,em ennosrep l ah vi gn t eh reporp t oo l ot

ekam eht yrev ams ll a pp il tac i no r seta ssecen ra y to eb able to c no trol the rate of gro tw h. ehT tsedrah ht i gn ot teg poep le ot od is to tuhs off t eh i tcejn ion tsys em a dn a ll ow the pla stn ot

dnopser to the erp vi uo s a pp il tac io .sn tI tsum eb derebmemer ,taht wi ht eht tpecnoc fo ciM ro itreF gation, eht ppa il tac i no fo a auq rter fo a dnuop of ferti il zer s uoh ld take na e tx e edn d rep i do fo ti em ot pa pl .y ehT ppa il tac i no ta ev ry low cnoc ne trati sno a ll swo the fert ili z re to be

pl deca repeed in eht os il dna m ero ev ne ly th na was op ss ible eb fo er . esuaceB fo the low tartnecnoc i no fo eht tref ili ez r in eht irri tag ion taw er, it is op ss ible ot ekam v re y ev p ne lacem ne t

fo the ef rti il ez r, e nev no so li s t ah t av ry rg tae ly in clay oc nt ne .t W neh ht e nitr go ne is plac de ,repeed eht srevnoc i no fo nomma i mu i no to nitr eta nac ekat pl eca at a om re tnoc ro ll de rate .

hT is is ssop ible bec ua se t eh temperat eru is ooc ler ed repe in t eh os li , a dn t eh rate of srevnoc i no i ef eht f rtili rez i s s lower at t eh l ewo r et epm rature.

ehT tsom ffe ici tne dohtem fo ppa il tac i no fo ferti il ez r is with a orp op itr o lan ef rtigation

sy mets , tub a troporpnon i ano l tsys em nac eb edam ot give e cx ell ne t resul .st ehT smetsys nac eb edam no yna l eve l fo hpos i ts i tac i no fr mo r nnu i gn t eh f re ti il z re dire tc ly into a wet well ot eht tsom pmoc l xe oporp rti ano l w metsys i m ht ixi bapac gn ili yt i .sknat egarots eht n oh tsuJ w raf eht ep r nos stnaw ot ekat eht sed i ng fo eht smetsys w lli de dnep pu no the ed sires of t eh

ennosrep l dna the egdub t il mitati no .s ehT retaw dna os li Hp dna the as lt c no te tn of t eh water u des rof i rr i tag i no re ts ri tc t eh r use l st that w lli eb bo s re ev d. Wi ht t eh tech on l go y ava li ba le

es eseht neve ,yadot ri suo p bor l a sme r e n to insurm nuo t ba le.

ynaM fo eht tseuq i sno taht ha ev eeb n ar is de u redn t eh di cs u ss i no fo fertigati no s ru r nuo d t eh retaw oc ev ra eg . poeP le yas taht eht ir retaw tsys e sm od not co ev r rp o rep ly dna , eb c ua es fo

ht i ,s yeht nac n eve r use f re tig ta i no . A p nosre uohs l a d l syaw r ,rebmeme sekam retaW" g ar ss ,neerg F rezilitre nac ekam it laeh t yh ". fI na aera amer i sn ,yrd eht aera wi ll ton grow much

rehto naht w dee .s fI nu i mrof ut rf is to eb gr ,nwo etaw r tsum eb placed sa e nev ly sa p sso ibl .e fI a frut aera amer i sn dr ,y eht fe tr ili ez r no th ta ra ea c onna t eb co evn rted ro esu d; all normal

biol go i ac l orp ssec es w lli ts op. tI is eht bmoc i den ppa il cation of f re ti il z re with the i rr igati no retsaw taht pro ud sec t eh ou st nat ding r se ul st th ta ah ve eeb n sbo erve .d fI evoc egar od nse 't

xe i ,ts neht it tsum eb i ,devorpm tub in areneg l, eht ssecorp is tca au ll y m da e ae sier wh ne rciM o itreF gation i s u es d.

ehT osaer n rof the retteb user l st is wt o fol ,d 1) a rep son wonk i gn th ta ob th water na d f re t ili rez

is eb i gn pl deca in eht emas pr sseco w li l ausu ll y yrt tsuj a il ttle redrah to ma ek us re a ll the sdaeh are ow rki gn pr repo l .y )2 T eh orciM F itre g ita on ssecorp w li l a ll wo the pl tna to spr ae d

sa in eht esac fo adumreb ssarg ro to h re hr izome pr po a ag ting grass or, in c oo l es ason ,sessarg it w lli a ll wo the sarg s ot worg om re neve yl wi ht a om re ts able oor t tsys e .m T eh

i devorpm l koo fo eht ut rf dna rehto pl tna tam erial w li l vnoc ince t eh rep s enno l th ta they era kam i taht dna ssergorp gn eht truf h re i mevorpm e tn w lli b e a d ir tce result of thei r ef rof t.

yna evah uoy fI q seu tio sn od n o iseh t tat e ot c ’SS lioSauqA tcatno lacinhceT & tsitneicS lioS

,rosivdA To m Lub ta ni moc.ssliosauqa@nibult