lipids mini lecture radjewski. lipids pdq 1 lipids are hydrocarbons (composed of c and h atoms);...
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Lipids
Mini LectureRadjewski
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Lipids PDQ 1
• Lipids are hydrocarbons (composed of C and H atoms); they are insoluble in water because of many nonpolar covalent bonds.
• When close together, weak but additive van der Waals interactions hold them together.
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Functions of Lipids PDQ 2
• Lipids• Store energy in C—C and C—H bonds• Play structural role in cell membranes • Fat in animal bodies serves as thermal
insulation
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Triglycerides PDQ 3
• Three fatty acids—nonpolar hydrocarbon chain attached to a polar carboxyl group (—COOH) (carboxylic acid)
• One glycerol—an alcohol with 3 hydroxyl (—OH) groups
• Synthesis of a triglyceride involves three condensation reactions.
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PDQ 4
Fatty acid chains can vary in length and structure.• In saturated fatty acids, all bonds between
carbon atoms are single; they are saturated with hydrogens.
• In unsaturated fatty acids, hydrocarbon chains contain one or more double bonds. These acids cause kinks in the chain and prevent molecules from packing together tightly.
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PDQ 6
• Fatty acids are amphipathic; they have a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic tail.
• Phospholipid—two fatty acids and a phosphate compound bound to glycerol
• The phosphate group has a negative charge, making that part of the molecule hydrophilic.
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Figure 2.13 A Phospholipids
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Figure 2.13 B Phospholipids
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PDQ 5
• Fatty acid – component in lipids• Triglyceride – 3 fatty acids• Phospholipids – 2 fatty acids
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Steroids
Examples of steroids1.Cholesterol – maintains fluidity in cell membranes2.Testosterone - hormone3.Estrogen - hormone4.Progesterone - hormone
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Build a Triglyceride
• Remember triglycerides have:– 3 fatty acids– Glycerol molecule
• Do some condensation reactions.• Attach water(s). • Label one saturated fatty acid; unsaturated
fatty acid; glycerol, and the ester bonds