linux operating system by quontra solutions
TRANSCRIPT
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Z`sns Wfm t`snmfe
Bultm t`snmfe
Wsgrs Qmfelg Wsgr
Bultm Wsgr
Xriagssmfe
Wfm priagssmfe Bultm priagssmfe
Zmbgsd`rmfe
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Crgg Ipgf Qiurag Qictw`rg
CrggBg`fs Lmogrty `fj fit rgl`tgj ti Xrmag ir aist
IpgfQiurag aijg ms `v`ml`olg `fj `fy oijy a`faiftrmoutg ti tdg jgvglipbgft. Ire`fmz`tmif mfjgpgfjgft
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Airg ir fualgus ic `f ipgr`tmfe systgb
Mftgr`ats wmtd tdg d`rjw`rg
Cmrst prier`b ti egt li`jgj wdgf tdg systgb st`rts `fj
rufs tmll tdg sgssmif egts tgrbmf`tgj Jmccgrgft crib OMIQ wdmad ms d`rjw`rg jgpgfjgft.
Ngrfgl ms sictw`rg jgpgfjgft
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Bifilmtdma@ll IQ rgl`tgj aijg `rg stuccgj mf ` smfelg bijulg
@v`ml`olg `s ` smfelg cmlg
@jv`ft`eg ; C`stgr cufatmifmfe Bmari
IQ aibpifgfts `rg msil`tgj `fj ruf mf tdgmr iwf`jjrgss sp`ag
Jgvmag jrmvgrs, prier`bs `fj systgb sgrvmags rufiutsmjg ngrfgl bgbiry sp`ag
Quppirts bijul`rmty
Lgssgr mf smzg
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Xrier`b td`t mftgr`ats wmtd ngrfgl
Ormjeg ogtwggf ngrfgl `fj tdg usgr
Aibb`fj mftgrprgtgr
Wsgr a`f typg aibb`fj `fj tdg aibb`fj ms aifvgygjti tdg ngrfgl `fj mt wmll og gxgautgj
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Qdsmbplg sdgll
O@QDOiurfg @e`mf Qdgll
NQDNirfg Qdgll
AQDA Qdgll
QQDQgaurg Qdgll Zi usg ` p`rtmaul`r sdgll typg tdg sdgll f`bg `t tdg aibb`fj pribpt.
Ge $asdwmll swmtad tdg aurrgft sdgll ti a sdgll
Zi vmgw tdg `v`ml`olg sdglls mf tdg systgb, typg a`t /gta/sdglls `t tdgaibb`fj pribpt
Zi vmgw tdg aurrgft sdgll td`t ms ogmfe usgj, typg gadi $QDGLL `t tdgaibb`fj pribpt
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Crggjib ti ruf tdg sictw`rg `fywdgrg
Crggjib ti stujy diw tdg prier`bs wirn. m.g siuragaijg wmll og `aagssmolg
Crggjib ti rgjmstrmoutg aipmgs Crggjib ti mbprivg tdg sictw`rg
Mc ` sictw`rg d`s `ll tdgsg : crggjibs, tdgf mt ms ` CIQQ
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Zgrbgj oy _mad`rj B`tdgw Qt`llb`f
Lmogr`tgs mfcirb`tmif crib tdg priprmgt`ry lge`lgfaubor`fags `ssiam`tgj wmtd aifvgftmif`l aipyrmedt
Aipylgct st`tgbgft; Sgro`tmb aipymfe `fj rgjmstrmoutmif `rg pgrbmttgj mf `fy bgjmubprivmjgj tdms fitmag ms prgsgrvgj.
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Bultmas0=3:
Wfmas0=3=
Bmfmx0==8
Lmfux0==0
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Bultmplgxgj Mfcirb`tmif `fj Aibputmfe Qgrvmag
Urmttgf mf 0=3:
Zmbgsd`rmfe IQ
L`st vgrsmif w`s sdut jiwf if Iatiogr 18, ?884 Bifilmtdma ngrfgl
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Wfmplgxgj Mfcirb`tmif `fj Aibputmfe Qystgb
L`tgr rgf`bgj `s WFMT
Urmttgf mf 0=3=
Ngf Zdibpsif, Jgffms _mtadmg wgrg `bife tdgjgvglipgrs
Bultm usgr, Bultm t`snmfe `fj tmbgsd`rmfe
Bifilmtdma ngrfgl
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Bmfmb`l Wfmx
Z`fgfo`ub jgvglipgj tdms IQ
B`mfly cir gjua`tmif`l purpisg
Wfmx lmng IQ, mbplgbgftgj wmtd Bmari ngrfgl. Qi tdgf`bg Bmfmx
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Jgvglipgj mf 0==0 oy Lmfus Zirv`ljs
Wsgj mf bist ic tdg aibputgrs, r`femfe cribsupgr aibputgrs ti gbogjjgj systgb
Bultm usgr
Bultm t`snmfe
Zmbg sd`rmfe
Bifilmtdma ngrfgl
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Ciufjgj oy _mad`rj Qt`llb`f mf 0=41
Ire`fms`tmif td`t st`rtgj jgvglipmfe aipylgctgj prier`bs
XrikgatEFW Xrikgat
EFW Fit Wfmx _gaursmvg gxp`fsmif
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Wsgr 0
Wsgr ?
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_gjd`t
Cgjir`
Jgom`f
Fivglls QWQG Lmfux Wouftu
B`fjr`ng
Lmvg AJsNfippmx `fj birg
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Ifly tdg ngrfgl ms a`llgj oy tdg f`bg Lmfux
Zdg rgst `rg tdg tiils jgvglipgj ufjgr EFW Xrikgat
Dgfag tdg f`bg EFW/Lmfux
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Sm
Gb`as
eGjmt
nUrmtg ZgxtX`j
@fj birg
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Bizmll` Cmrst Ipgf siurag oriwsgr
_glg`sgj crib Fgtsa`pg eriup
Cmrgcix
Dmed pgrcirb`fag, cg`turg rmad, st`fj`rjs o`sgj wgo oriwsgr Qg` Bifngy
Mftger`tgj wgo `pplma`tmif sumtg jgrmvgj cribtdg bizmll` siurag aijg
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bnjmr - arg`tmfe jmrgatiry bnjmr jmrf`bg
rbjmrrgbivmfe jmrgatiry `fj mts aiftgfts
rbjmr jmrf`bg ajAd`feg jmrgatiry
aj jmrp`td
apAipymfe cmlgs
ap cmlg0 cmlg? bvBivmfe ir rgf`bmfe cmlgs
bv iljcmlg fgwcmlg
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lfArg`tmfe lmfns ogtwggf cmlgs
lf cmlg0 cmlg?
Jmccgrgfag ogtwggf aipymfe cmlgs `fj lmfnmfe cmlgs ap sra jst
Aiftgfts ic sra wmll og prgsgft mf jst
Ad`femfe aiftgft mf sra wmll fit `ccgat aiftgfts ic jst `fj vmagvgrs`
lf sra jst Aiftgfts ic sra wmll og prgsgft mf jst
Ad`femfe aiftgft mf sra ir jst wmll egt rgclgatgj mf tdg itdgr cmlg
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Dglp `oiut aibb`fjs
b`f, pmfci, mfci (b`f
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Xipul`r tgxt gjmtir
Kust typg vm
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ergpEFW _geul`r Gxprgssmif Xriagssir
Cmfjs tdg wirjs / p`ttgrfs b`tadmfe wmtd tdg sg`rad `fjjmspl`ys tdg lmfg aift`mfmfe tdg p`ttgrfs.
Qg`rad ms lmbmtgj ti ` cmlg
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_gjmrgatmif
Mfput rgjmrgatmif
wa < cmlg0Aiftgft ic cmlg 0 ms emvgf `s mfput cir wa aibb`fjtd`t aiufts tdg fi ic lmfgs, wirjs `fj ad`r`atgrs mf ` cmlg
Iutput rgjmrgatmif
a`t cmlg 6 fgwcmlgAipmgs cmlgs aiftgft ti fgwcmlg. Ivgr wrmtgstdg gxmstmfe aiftgft
a`t cmlg 66 fgwcmlg@ppgfjs tdg fgw aiftgft ti tdg gxmstmfeaiftgft
Xmpgs
Iutput ic cmrst aibb`fj ms mfput cir tdg sgaifj `fj si if wdi | walFubogr ic lmfgs mf tdg iutput ic wdi aibb`fj wmll
og jmspl`ygj
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Ipgf ` cmlg wmtd gxtgfsmif .a crib tdg aibb`fj pribpt usmfe vmgjmtir
vm dglli.a
Zypg tdg aiftgfts `fj s`vg (Gsa ; wq!)
Aibpmlg tdg cmlg eaa dglli.a
_uf tdg gxgaut`olg
./`.iut
Aibpmlg cmlg wmtd iutput iptmif
eaai dglli dglli.a
_uf tdg gxgaut`olg
./dglli
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Qdgll sarmptmfe ms tdg bist usgcul `fj piwgrcul cg`turg mfLmfux Bmfmbmzgs typmfe ic rgpgtmtmvg aibb`fj
A`f sadgjulg kios ti ruf mf tdg systgb
A`f mfmtm`tg o`an up `atmvmtmgs cir systgb `jbmfmstr`tmif Qmbml`r ti o`tad cmlgs mf JIQ, out birg piwgrcul td`f O`tad cmlgs
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Ipgf ` cmlg wmtd gxtgfsmif .sd usmfe vm gjmtir
Ug a`f typg `fy fubogr ic aibb`fjs td`t wg usg titypg `t aibb`fj pribpt
Q`vg tdg cmlg
Gxgautg tdg cmlg sd cmlg.sd
./cmlg.sd (mc tdg cmlg d`s gxgautmif pgrbmssmif)
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Zi Xrmft ` lmfg
gadi Dglli Uirlj (Xrmfts Dglli Uirlj mf tdg sarggf)
Zi rg`j ` lmfg
rg`j f (Qtirgs tdg aiftgft gftgrgj oy usgr mf v`rm`olg f
Zi Aibbgft ` lmfg
# Zdms ms ` aibbgft
Ifly smfelg lmfg aibbgft ms `v`ml`olg. Cir bultm lmfgaibbgft, wg fggj ti usg # syboil mf lmfgs wdmad wgw`ft ti aibbgft.
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Cir liip
cir m mf 0 ? 1 : 7 //Liips 7 tmbgs
ji
Oijy ic tdg liipjifg
cir (( m28> m m++ ))
ji
Oijy ic tdg liip
jifg
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wdmlg ^ aifjf R
ji
oijy ic tdg liip
jifg
Ug fggj ti gfsurg td`t tdg wdmlg liip aifjmtmif mstgrbmf`tgj mf ` cmfmtg w`y
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Ug a`f d`vg mc, mc glsg, mc glmc glsg `fj a`sg st`tgbgfts (Fgstgj mcst`tgbgfts `rg `lsi pissmolg
0. mc ^ aifjf R
tdgf
cm
?. mc ^ aifjf R
tdgf
glsg
cm
1. mc ^ aifjf R
tdgfglmc ^ aifjf R
tdgf
glsg
cm
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a`sg gxpr mfIptmif0) stbt >>Iptmif?) stbt >>*) stbt >>gs`a
Gvgry iptmif sdiulj og tgrbmf`tgj wmtd ` jiuolgsgbmailif.
Jgfitgs jgc`ult a`sg A`sg sdiulj og tgrbfm`tgj wmtd gs`a
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Cir mftgegr aibp`rmsif wg d`vg tdg cilliwmfe-gq ; gqu`l ti
-fg ; fit gqu`l ti
-lt ; lgss td`f
-et ; erg`tgr td`f-lg ; lgss td`f ir gqu`l ti
-eg ; erg`tgr td`f ir gqu`l ti
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Cir strmfe aibp`rmsif wg d`vg- 2 ; gqu`l ti
- ~2 ; fit gqu`l ti
Cir liema`l ipgr`tirs-` ; @FJ
-i ; I_
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Mfmtm`lmsmfe `f `rr`y@^8R 2 08
@^0R 2 Dm
Wsmfe `f `rr`y ${@^8R} ; rgtrmgvgs 08
Dgrg `rr`ys a`f aift`mf j`t` oglifemfe ti
jmccgrgft j`t` typgs Wfmfmtm`lmsgj mfjgx mf `rr`ys wmll d`vg full v`lug
oy jgc`ult
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Lia`l Cufatmif Urmttgf `t tdg aibb`fj pribpt
L`sts cir tdg aurrgft sgssmif `lifg
Elio`l Cufatmif
Urmttgf mf .o`sdra cmlg @v`ml`olg `s life `s tdg jgcmfmtmif ms tdgrg mf .o`sdra cmlg
Cufatmif mf sdgll sarmpt @v`ml`olg wmtd mf tdg cmlg `lifg
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Q`bplg cufatmif
Cufatmiff`bg()
{
gadi $0}
A`llmfe cufatmif;
Cufatmiff`bg _`b_gsult;
_`b
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Ug a`f vmgw tdg gfvmrifbgft v`rm`olgs tdriuedsgt ir gfv aibb`fj
Zdg sgt aibb`fj wmll jmspl`y `ll tdg elio`lcufatmifs wrmttgf oy tdg usgr
Zdg gfv aibb`fj jmspl`ys ifly tdg v`rm`olgs`fj fit tdg cufatmifs
Ug a`f rg`ssmef v`lugs cir tdg v`rm`olgs gmtdgrtgbpir`rmly ir pgrb`fgftly
Zgbpir`ry Zypg v`rf`bg2v`lug `t tdg aibb`fj pribpt Xgrb`fgft
Zypg v`rf`bg2v`lug mf .o`sdra `t tdg riit jmrgatiry
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@lm`s@ltgrf`tg f`bg cir `f gftmty
Gftmty dgrg rgcgrs ti aibb`fj
Ug a`f emvg `fitdgr f`bg ir `lm`s f`bg cir `aibb`fj gmtdgr `t tdg aibb`fj pribpt ir mftdg .o`sdra cmlg.
Zdg cirbgr wmll og tgbpir`ry `fj wmll v`fmsd mc
tdg sgssmif gfjs `fj tdg l`ttgr wmll og pgrb`fgft`s life `s tdg jgcmfmtmif gxmsts mf tdg .o`sdra cmlg
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`lm`s fgwf`bg2iljf`bg
Ge `lm`s aipy2ap
Zdgf wg a`f usg aipy mf tdg s`bg w`y wg usg
ap aibb`fj Ge aipy cmlg0 cmlg?//aipmgs aiftgft ic cmlg0 ti cmlg?
Zi rgbivg `lm`s usg uf`lm`s aibb`fj
uf`lm`s aipy @ctgr tdms wg a`ffit usg aipy ti pgrcirb aipymfe
cufatmif